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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International Solar Energy Society'
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Wills, David Aaron. "Solar Energy in MENA: An International Perspective." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244821.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine and optimize desirable possibilities for the utilization of solar energy in the MENA region. Solar is growing in both installed watt capacity and international importance. MENA, the Middle East and North Africa region, has multiple qualities that make it an ideal location to produce social energy. The potential for development of solar energy producing facilities in MENA is great and the international impact its success could have would be even more significant. This examination considers: the solar technologies available, geography of the region, geopolitics, global economics, and practical application. The research materials include: scholarly journals and academic books, magazines, PDF documents and websites. The scholarly journals and books are the most reliable sources of information, but they are often incomplete and not up to date. This thesis includes noteworthy technologies and strategies not included in the scholarly works. The evidence examined suggests Solar will be an area of growth in MENA. There are many solar production strategies, which are economically profitable already, and more strategies that will be, as the price continues to drop. This thesis will help inform the reader of the International intricacies of producing solar energy in MENA.
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Mueller, Joshua M. (Joshua Michael) 1982. "Evaluating storage technologies for wind and solar energy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118224.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-135).
Rapidly falling wind and solar energy costs over the past four decades have led to exponential growth in installation of these technologies. However, these intermittent renewables do not reliably produce power on demand. One possible mitigation strategy is the addition of energy storage technologies, which are able to shift generation to later periods of higher demand or price. In competitive markets, storage adoption to facilitate renewables penetration will depend on how much value storage can bring to a wind or solar power plant. Which of the diverse energy storage technologies are best suited to profitably perform this function? How do price and resource variability determine the preferred technologies? This thesis develops two novel methods of comparing storage technologies in hybrid wind-storage or solar-storage power plants. In the first, we evaluate technologies based on the increased value of a marginal hybrid plant under today's conditions. We further explain these results by finding the determinants of storage value under uncertainty. In the second, we find the least-cost hybrid plants able to meet predefined demand profiles. Through simulation, optimization, and statistical analysis, we address the following questions: 1) How can one compare candidate storage technologies? 2) What price and resource features determine storage value? 3) What are the cost targets for storage under different market conditions? To address question 1, we optimize storage operation and size for grid-scale energy arbitrage, and study the value of hybrid plants using different storage technologies. The value of the hybrid plant is found by comparing benefits to costs, and is estimated across locations and technologies. We show that at today's wind and solar generation costs, some storage technologies can provide value, but further cost improvement is needed, especially for electrochemical technologies, to facilitate widespread adoption. Finally, we determine both cost targets and the optimal direction of cost improvement for diverse storage technologies and locations. In order to answer question 2, we identify features of the electricity market and the renewables resource availability that determine value. Through simulations of an artificial price time series in which features of electricity price spikes are varied, we find that storage value is driven by the frequency and amplitude of price spikes and the availability of the energy resource. The durations of price spikes determine the relative value of one storage technology to another, because of differing technology cost structures. We demonstrate these results in historical data and explain the differences in storage value across locations. We also explore how uncertainty in future prices impacts storage value. We determine a new heuristic for storage operation and sizing absent perfect foresight. This approach is able to capture at least 80% of the expected value under perfect foresight and improves upon existing heuristics. In answering question 3, we determine the least-cost combination of wind and solar with storage that provides reliable, dispatchable, pre-determined outputs. This approach allows for the evaluation of storage technologies for a possible future with higher renewables penetration. Preferred technologies for this use context have very low energy capacity costs (< $50/kWh), enabling inexpensive installation of long duration storage. Long periods of low wind or solar availability determine storage requirements and can be mitigated by including both wind and solar in the generation portfolio. New cost targets are derived for storage development that would help enable higher levels of renewables adoption.
by Joshua Michael Mueller.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Eash-Gates, Philip(Philip Killman). "Modeling barriers to cost change in solar and nuclear energy technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122160.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 109-122).
The cost of photovoltaic systems has declined more rapidly than other electricity production technologies, while nuclear plant costs have risen. Changing costs have contributed to global energy transitions in the past, and our capacity to decarbonize the electricity sector will depend on the cost of low-carbon electricity production technologies like photovoltaic and nuclear energy. Understanding the mechanisms behind historical cost evolution and potential future improvement can inform the design of energy technologies and the policies that advance them. This thesis investigates historical barriers and future opportunities for cost reduction in solar and nuclear power. By developing innovative mathematical and conceptual models, we address the following questions: (1) How can "plug-and-play" design improve costs in photovoltaic systems? (2) What were the sources of cost escalation and overruns in nuclear power plant construction? We address these questions in chapters 2 and 3.
Chapter 2 assesses the potential for plug-and-play designs to reduce non-module costs in photovoltaic systems. This work advances use of the design structure matrix for studying cost change in energy technologies by evaluating design factors across multiple systems. We identify the cost components with significant latent potential for improvement--profit, installation labor, overhead, electrical balance of system, and customer acquisition--and show that plug-and-play designs have advantageous effects on their constituent parts. A conventional small-scale photovoltaic project contains nearly 600 interactions across 30 or more system elements; we show that plug-and-play designs can reduce the number of interactions by two-thirds and elements by half.
Several mechanisms are important to the cost change potential of plug-and-play technology: eliminating various project tasks or shifting their responsibility to the consumer removes the associated overhead and profit of installation firms; pre-assembly of system components and standardization of project tasks eliminates installation labor costs; reduction and simplification of BOS electrical components lowers equipment costs; and standardization of system design precludes time-intensive tasks involved in customer acquisition. We compare the advantages of prevailing plug-and-play designs and consider future opportunities for technological innovation and policy advancement. Chapter 3 examines the engineering assumptions underlying many nuclear cost models using historical cost data from the U.S. nuclear industry. We show that expectations for technological improvement may have underestimated factors external to hardware design.
By mapping separate cost trajectories for standard plant designs, we find that nth-of-a-kind (NOAK) plants have been more expensive than first-of-a-kind (FOAK) plants, counter to traditional expectations. Indirect costs external to technological design were responsible for most of the cost rise observed between 1976 and 1987. Decomposition of cost changes in the reactor containment building shows that while safety was a significant factor driving cost increases, non-safety factors were comparably influential. Comparing productivity data from recent U.S. plant construction to industry expectations, we find that material deployment rates are up to thirteen times slower than cost estimating guidelines suggest. We discuss which technologies could potentially lower the impact of external, previously cost-increasing factors, with the support of regulatory changes and R&D.
by Philip Eash-Gates.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
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Arnesson, Daniel. "Subsidizing Global Solar Power : A contemporary legal study of existing and potential international incentives for solar PV investments in developing countries." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28555.
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With national cuts on solar PV subsidies and the current “oversupply” of panels, the global solar market is clearly threatened by a contraction. Yet, the need for more solar power is apparent, particularly for the world’s poor and vulnerable population. Instead of securing modern energy access for these people, trade interests have triggered a counterproductive solar trade war. This contemporary legal study addresses these issues by examining existent and potential instruments for stimulating a North-to-South solar capital flow. The research finds that recent reforms of the CDM will do little difference from previous deficiencies, as local investment barriers are not reflected in the monetary support of the clean development mechanism. Competing technologies are successfully keeping solar out of the game while baseline requirements are undermining the poor. Inspired by national renewable energy law and policy, international alternatives could address these shortcomings. While feed-in tariffs have been commonly advocated, the REC model seems far more appropriate in an international context. Its ability to be traded separately from the electricity makes it a perfect candidate as a substitute for the CDM. Entrusted with certain features it could address the geographical unbalance and provide with greater investor certainty. But the scheme(s) are under current WTO regulations required to be non-discriminatory, making it highly questionable to believe that developed countries would ever fund such incentive. It is not likely that solar capital exporters want Chinese solar PV manufacturers, who are already receiving significant production subsidies, to receive the same benefits as other producers. However, if countries adversely effected by subsidies where allowed to offset the injury by discriminating Chinese producers in international REC schemes, the Author believes that it would be easier to sell such a concept and implement it, for the benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as the world’s vulnerable and poor nations. However, this would require extensive reforms under WTO which the Author calls for.
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Sivakumar, Karthik. "An Internship on Developing a Solar Water Pumping System at Microsol International™." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1303750359.
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Ng, Benny Siu Hon. "A machine learning approach to evaluating renewable energy technology : an alternative LACE study on solar photo-voltaic (PV)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127172.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, May, 2020Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-79).
Currently, renewable technologies are often evaluated using the Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), which is a measure of building and operating a generating plant over an assumed αnancial life and duty cycle. Naturally, instead of only measuring the cost, a more holistic approach would be to also assess the economical value of the renewable generating technology. One approach to this would be to measure the Levelized Avoided Cost of Electricity (LACE), which considers what it will cost the grid to generate electricity using renewable technology, amortized over its lifetime. However, estimating avoided cost can be challenging since it requires knowledge of how the renewable technology would perform in electricity generation, especially when taking into account a projected future period. Naturally this would have repercussions in policies adopting greater renewable technologies, further emphasising the importance of an adequate measure of evaluating renewable technology.
In this thesis, we explore several methods of evaluating alternative sources of energy, with an in-depth focus on a LACE evaluation of solar PV as an alternative source of electricity generation within CAISO market. Through experimentation of different variants of a recurrent neural network, an LSTM model was trained to predict 2016 electricity prices of all nodes within CAISO. The model achieved a Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE) of 0.761, outperforming a naive baseline using the Day-Ahead prices. Using the predicted prices, the LACE for solar PV was estimated and compared against the LACE computed with perfect knowledge of prices. Even though they had similar mean values, there was a significant difference in the variance. The effects of improvements in price prediction on the LACE was further explored. We found that the smaller the difference in the estimated LACE to the respective LCOE value, the greater the impact of improving price prediction performance; and was able to place an implicit value of an improvement of price prediction performance. Especially for policy and decision makers, this improvement in electricity price forecasting would directly translate to greater confidence when making the decision to switch a solar PV alternative.
by Benny Siu Hon Ng.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Yu, Hyun Jin Julie. "Public policies for the development of solar photovoltaic energy and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED011/document.
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Le marché des systèmes photovoltaïques a connu une forte croissance cette dernière décennie soutenue par des actions politiques favorables dans un contexte de transition énergétique. Pourtant, malgré ces conditions bénéfiques, le marché mondial du PV a paradoxalement traversé une période chaotique rencontrant des problèmes de surproduction, une crise industrielle et des différends commerciaux durable entre pays. Cette thèse part de ces problématiques et tente de comprendre les politiques publiques PV et les impacts sur la dynamique des technologies et des marchés. Afin de préciser ces questions, une approche systémique est utilisée pour fournir une compréhension correcte des mécanismes généraux des politiques publiques PV. Une vue d’ensemble systémique concrète de ces mécanismes est construite sur la base d’analyses théoriques et historiques en définissant les variables clés et le contexte. Une analyse rétrospective utilisant des mappings construits pour l’occasion est conduite afin de cerner les limites et défis critiques du secteur PV ainsi que les facteurs de risque. Cette thèse montre également la façon dont la nature du contexte politique change en liaison avec la dynamique du secteur PV. La thèse met en évidence que la dynamique nationale a été brisée par l’entrée de la Chine sur le secteur PV. La thèse propose au final des orientations stratégiques pour le développement du PV selon deux dimensions, nationale et internationale. Au niveau national, la thèse s’intéresse à l’autoconsommation PV en tant que manière naturelle d’utiliser l’énergie PV dans le système électrique. Cette analyse implique un changement de nature des politiques PV dans le futur. Pour terminer, afin de résoudre la crise industrielle actuelle, la thèse présente des possibilités d’actions internationales en collaboration pour créer une nouvelle demande PV dans le contexte international en recherchant des bénéfices économiques et environnementaux au niveau mondialSolar PV systems have experienced strong market growth over the last decade supported by favorable political reactions in the energy transition context. However, despite these favorable conditions, paradoxically, the global PV market recently went through a chaotic time encountering the overproduction issue, the industry crisis and the long-lasting trade disputes. This thesis started from these problematics to understand the PV public policies and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets. In order to define those issues, a systemic approach is taken to provide an accurate comprehension of the overall mechanisms of PV public policies. The concrete systemic vision of PV policy mechanisms is constructed based on theoretical and historical analysis by defining key variables and the context. A retrospective analysis using the proposed mapping tools is conducted to understand critical limits and challenges of PV development and to identify risks factors in the sector. This thesis also demonstrates how the nature of policy context changes in combined with the dynamic feature of the PV sector. Our analysis highlights the nationwide PV policy dynamics was broken with the arrival of China in the PV sector. This thesis eventually proposes strategic orientations of PV development at the two dimensions from both national and international perspectives. At the national level, this thesis discusses on PV self-consumption as the natural way of PV power use in the electricity system. This analysis implies a change in the nature of PV policies in the future. Next, as a response to the current global industry crisis, the thesis proposes opportunities of international collaborative actions to create new PV demand in the international context in pursuit of global economic and environmental benefits
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Gustavsson, Ulrika, and Lova Rosenqvist. "Further Development of Njord, a Statistical Instrument for Estimating International Installed Photovoltaic Capacities : A Customs Data Analysis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176814.
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The global photovoltaic (PV) market is growing, contributing to reduced climate emissions from electricity production. Historically, PV deployment mainly occurred in developed and electrified countries with a high level of certainty over their electrical system. Recently, this trend has started to change, contributing to a more globally distributed PV market. In primarily two of the emerging markets, Africa and the Middle East, the statistical situation is weak or non-existent, making it hard to monitor and track the PV development. PV devices can be grid-connected or off-grid, installed in PV parks or in smaller household applications, which further complicates the monitoring. As a result, the best available statistics on these markets, provided by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), are to a major part based on estimations not built on any official data. In a pilot study a instrument prototype, Njord, for converting monetary trade data of PV devices into installed PV capacities was initiated, with the aim to provide more accurate estimates for these markets. Njord is in this study further developed, by increasing its resolution and adjusting assumptions. Further, an additional conversion factor, namely PV module weight, is implemented to improve the accuracy of the predictions. The time frame of Njord is enlarged enabling estimates of accumulated capacities, in contrast to previously only annual installations. The instrument methodology is based on a bottom-up approach of processing import and export customs data, and converting the data to installed capacities using the price and weight of a PV module per wattage. In addition to the further development of Njord, the trade data is used to map and analyse monetary trade flows and thereby market values. Identified improvements concerned, among others, to adjust the percentage of PV modules in the customs code for countries without specific codes, and to fill data gaps with additional mirror data. The weight conversion factor was initially implemented as a parallel instrument to the price based. The two conversion factors were then combined into an instrument choosing the most suitable conversion factor with regards to a number of constraints. The instrument performance was validated against reference countries with well documented PV markets, qualitatively customs data, and small domestic PV manufacturing. For the reference countries and the comparative period of 2016 – 2018, the total deviations were improved from spanning 11.1 % – 17.0 % to 0.5 – 22.6 %. The best performance is seen for the most recent years of 2018 and 2019, with total deviations of 0.5 % and 4.1 % respectively. Njord shows high performance for estimating accumulated capacity, with a deviation of 4.3 % in the end of 2019. When applying Njord to the markets of interest, Africa and the Middle East, the results are significantly higher than the IRENA estimates, with a result of 118 % higher for Africa and 127 % higher for the Middle East. This indicates that the PV deployment in these emerging markets could be underestimated in today's statistical situation. In combination with the instrument results, mapping trade flows has shown to give comprehensive information about the PV markets of interest and shows the potential of using trade data for this type of analysis. China distinguishes as the dominant trade partner for both Africa and the Middle East, in line with the global PV market. Although these markets are small relative the global PV context, there was in 2019 still a net import of PV modules of in total 879 million US$ for Africa and 728 million US$ for the Middle East, and the markets are growing fast. Further, mapping trade flows has shown to identify manufacturing countries on the markets of interest, which there also is a lack of information on. The trade patterns and its inherent monetary values could be used to for example identify market development and business opportunities.
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Karlsson, Karin, and Nadja Mortensen. "Precisionsbestämning av bendensitometri." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24534.
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International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) rekommenderar att precisionsbestämning av bentäthetsmätning görs på varje klinik för att bedöma reproducerbarheten. Bentäthetsmätning görs för att diagnosticera osteoporos, följa upp behandling och förutsäga frakturrisk. I studien användes Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) för att utföra dubbla mätningar på redan inbokade patienter på klinisk fysiologi, Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS), Lund. 105 patienter ingick i studien. Mätningarna utfördes på helkropp, totalhöft, lårbenshals och ländrygg. Helkroppsmätningar ingick i en interindividuell studie och de övriga ingick i intraindividuella studier. Reproducerbarheten uttrycktes som minsta signifikanta skillnaden (LSC), root mean square standardavvikelse (RMS SD) och variationskoefficient (%CV). Reproducerbarheten i studien var god med låga värden för LSC och RMS SD. %CV understeg de av ISCD rekommenderade maxvärdena, vilka är 1,8 % för totalhöft, 2,5 % för lårbenshals och 1,9 % för ländrygg.It is recommended by the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) that every clinic performs a precision assessment of bone densitometry to evaluate the reproducibility. Bone densitometry is used for diagnosis of osteoporosis, to monitor response to treatment and to assess patients’ risk of fractures. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to perform double scans of patients already booked for examination at the section of clinical physiology, Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Lund. 105 patients were included in the study. Measurements were made at whole body, total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine. The whole body scans were included in an interindividual study, whereas the others were included in intraindividual studies. The reproducibility was expressed as least significant change (LSC), root mean square standard deviation (RMS SD) and coefficient of variation (%CV). The reproducibility in the study was good, with low values for LSC and RMS SD. %CV fell below the maximal values recommended by the ISCD, which are 1,8 % for total hip, 2,5 % for femoral neck and 1,9 % for lumbar spine.
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Meqbel, Manal. "KVALITETSSÄKRING AV BENDENSITOMETRI." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42833.
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Frieß, Daniel. "Desertec und der arabisch-frankophone Maghreb am Fallbeispiel: Marokko." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-116931.
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Die Staatsexamensarbeit befasst sich sowohl mit den Potentialen, als auch mit den möglichen Problemen des Desertec Projekts im französischsprachigen Norden Afrikas. Der Autor beleuchtet im ersten Teil die Potentiale des Projekts für von einem kultur-, politik-, sozialwissenschaftlichen Standpunkt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit setzt sich der Autor intensiv mit der Frage nach der Kritik der neokolonialistischen Bestrebungen der Projektinitiatoren auseinander. Darüber hinaus beleuchtet er die Kommunikationsstrategie der Desertec Foundation näher und legt das interkulturelle Potential dieses Unterfangens dar. Daran schließt sich ein Überblick über die französischen, marokkansichen und deutschen Pressestimmen im Zeitraum von 2009 - 2012 zum Desertec Projekt an. Den Abschluss bildet eine Standortanalyse mit dem Fokus auf den von der AQIM ausgehenden Terrorismus und der Korruption vor OrtThe author of the exam thesis „Das Desertec Projekt und der Arabisch-Frankophone Maghreb am Beispiel Marokko“ discusses various important cultural aspects of the implementation of the mega-project Desertec in the francophone area of North Africa. In this thesis, the author puts the advantages presented by the Desertec Foundation into perspective and discusses possible impediments from a cultural point of view. The first part of the paper covers the topics of solar powered drinking water abstraction as a possibility to meet local needs and Desertec as a promoter of social stability and economic development in the MENA region. The second part is concerned with a discussion of alleged neo-colonial intentions of the companies supporting the Desertec project as well as its management. Moreover, the author discusses the communication strategy of the project and the influence of intercultural aspects on the success of the Desertec vision. Furthermore, the thesis contains a review on press reactions on the topic in the period of 2009 – 2012 and a brief location study discussing the topic of terrorism and corruption in the Maghreb region. The author comes to the conclusion that a mega-project like Desertec cannot solely rely on economic facts and engineering ingenuity, but has to take all cultural points into account and make use of the synergetic effect in order to lead this project to success
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Frieß, Daniel. "Desertec und der arabisch-frankophone Maghreb am Fallbeispiel: Marokko." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-220510.
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Die Staatsexamensarbeit befasst sich sowohl mit den Potentialen, als auch mit den möglichen Problemen des Desertec Projekts im französischsprachigen Norden Afrikas. Der Autor beleuchtet im ersten Teil die Potentiale des Projekts für von einem kultur-, politik-, sozialwissenschaftlichen Standpunkt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit setzt sich der Autor intensiv mit der Frage nach der Kritik der neokolonialistischen Bestrebungen der Projektinitiatoren auseinander. Darüber hinaus beleuchtet er die Kommunikationsstrategie der Desertec Foundation näher und legt das interkulturelle Potential dieses Unterfangens dar. Daran schließt sich ein Überblick über die französischen, marokkansichen und deutschen Pressestimmen im Zeitraum von 2009 - 2012 zum Desertec Projekt an. Den Abschluss bildet eine Standortanalyse mit dem Fokus auf den von der AQIM ausgehenden Terrorismus und der Korruption vor OrtThe author of the exam thesis „Das Desertec Projekt und der Arabisch-Frankophone Maghreb am Beispiel Marokko“ discusses various important cultural aspects of the implementation of the mega-project Desertec in the francophone area of North Africa. In this thesis, the author puts the advantages presented by the Desertec Foundation into perspective and discusses possible impediments from a cultural point of view. The first part of the paper covers the topics of solar powered drinking water abstraction as a possibility to meet local needs and Desertec as a promoter of social stability and economic development in the MENA region. The second part is concerned with a discussion of alleged neo-colonial intentions of the companies supporting the Desertec project as well as its management. Moreover, the author discusses the communication strategy of the project and the influence of intercultural aspects on the success of the Desertec vision. Furthermore, the thesis contains a review on press reactions on the topic in the period of 2009 – 2012 and a brief location study discussing the topic of terrorism and corruption in the Maghreb region. The author comes to the conclusion that a mega-project like Desertec cannot solely rely on economic facts and engineering ingenuity, but has to take all cultural points into account and make use of the synergetic effect in order to lead this project to success
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VENUTA, MARIA LUISA. "La città da energivora a nodo attivo delle reti di produzione e di scambio energetico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/85.
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Il concetto di rete dell'informazione può diventare uno schema logico con cui descrivere l'evoluzione delle politiche sulle energie rinnovabili e sulla sostenibilità?
La ricerca è stata svolta analizzando l'architettura delle due reti (internet e reti energetiche) e l'evoluzione del bene prodotto e distribuito nella rete energetica, l'energia, esplicitando l'accessibilità da parte della distribuzione mondiale delle risorse petrolifere tradizionali e delle risorse rinnovabili. La struttura metodologica del progetto di ricerca si basa due tipi di analisi teorica:
1) l'analisi della nascita delle società in rete attraverso le teorie di Manuel Castells (concetto di spazio di flussi) e di Saskia Sassen e l'evoluzione delle città (cap.2 e cap.5)
2) le analisi dei flussi dei materiali e delle energie avendo come riferimento metodologico l'approccio ecologico ideato dai ricercatori dell'istituto per il Clima, l'Ambiente e l'Energia di Wuppertal, Germania (cap.3 e cap.4)
La contraddizione tra città innovative e città che sono ai livelli di enormi discariche o di baraccopoli è esposta nel cap.6 attraverso casi studio e progetto dei Programmi Europei.
Nell'ultimo capitolo (cap.7) si riassumono le ipotesi di partenza e i risultati della ricerca e si espongono le questioni aperte.Can internet logic scheme be used as a basis to describe public policies evolution on renewable energies production and sharing in urban areas all over the world? The research project analyses the two networks (internet and energetic grids) architectures in actual and future urban areas. This analysis is connected with present and future forecasts energy productions from traditional fuels and from renewable sources. Theoretical analysis is conducted following a double conceptual pathway: - societal networks (Manuel Castells theory) and urban areas evolution (Saskia Sassen and Mike Davis) in order to picture the evolution of cities and towns in modern economies and in developing countries (Chapters 2 and 5); - Material and Energy Flow Analysis (approach by Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy) applied to renewable energy (Chapters 3 and 4) In Chapter 6 case studies are exposed on the deep cleavage between two different worlds: innovative, rich towns on a side and the landfills cities, slums on the other side. In the last part hypothesis and thesis are put together and open questions are explained (Chapter 7).
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Aqel, Safaa. "Application of Colored Solar Panels on Municipal buildings in Sweden : The multiple benefits for an Innovative Renewable Society." Thesis, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45447.
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The purpose of this report is to understand how and why the diffusion of colored solar panels take place. A motive for the study is the fact that Sweden needs to reach the goal of a fossil free country by 2045, with one of the sub-goals of solar power contributing to 10 percent of the renewable energy production. Currently, Sweden's electricity production is only at 0.1 percent solar power. I have found that the innovation of colored solar panels could be a factor to contribute to the diffusion and increase in solar power. To analyze this hypothesis, two different methods were used. First, a literature study was conducted where the focus was on the history and diffusion of solar panels, in correlation to the fundamentals of colored solar panels. I also compared the two technologies regarding their efficiency and price, as well as how they differentiate in the market. Second, an interview study was conducted with 17 solar experts working in different cities across Sweden. The experts had different insights to bring from their different positions in the solar power industry. The results showed that standard and colored solar panels are highly interrelated, causing the colored solar panels to always be slightly less efficient than the standard module. The results also suggest that there is a high potential for colored solar panels in the future, and that there is a high need for marketing and reliable companies in order for the diffusion to happen. A major affecting factor for the diffusion of colored solar panels is architects, who have a large input in the design process of municipal buildings. Further research is needed in the development in the standard and colored module, as well as in the stability of colored solar panel companies.
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Chen, Yen-Hung, and 陳燕虹. "A Study of the Relationship among the Global Energy Funds, Solar Stocks, World Energy Index and International Oil Prices." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17320726860967851606.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
國際企業管理學系碩士班
103
I want to know the relationships among the global energy funds, solar stocks, world energy index and international oil prices. I hope to provide references to investors. This study uses monthly data from January 2007 to June 2014. Research methods include ADF tests, VAR models, Granger causality tests, impulse response function, cointegration tests, and VECM. The results of this study are as follows: 1. There are feedback relationship, long-term equilibrium relationship and short -term equilibrium relationship between international oil prices and world energy index. International oil prices strong impact on the world energy index and the response is immediate and positive. 2. There are one-way causal relationship, long-term equilibrium relationship and short -term equilibrium relationship between international oil prices and the global energy funds. BlackRock and GSEF energy funds are leading international oil prices, but international oil prices are leading the TTEF energy fund. BlackRock and GSEF energy Fund have positive impulse responses, but TTEF energy fund has a negative response. 3. There are one-way causal relationship, long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term equilibrium relationship between international oil prices and solar stocks. International oil prices are leading solar stocks. International oil prices impact on the solar stocks and the response is positive. 4. There are one-way causal relationship, long-term equilibrium relationship and short -term equilibrium relationship between world energy index and the global energy funds. World energy index is leading the global energy funds. World energy index impulses to the global energy funds, but positive and negative affect results are not consistent. 5. There are long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term equilibrium relationship between world energy index and solar stocks. However, there do not have causal relationship between the world energy index and solar stocks. The impulse response from world energy index is not the same. E-Ton shows positive response, but Motech shows negative response. 6. There are one-way causal relationship, long-term equilibrium relationship and short-term equilibrium relationship between the global energy funds and solar stocks. The global energy funds are leading solar stocks. However, the impulse response from the global energy funds is not the same. E-Ton shows positive response, but Motech shows negative response.
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Chen, Ya-Ting, and 陳雅婷. "Patent research for silicon-base solar energy industry chain in R.O.C. with International patent classification." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22n5pp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
專利研究所
105
In the era of global knowledge economy, enterprises tend to publish their research results in the form of patents. Through patent applications and patent rights help enterprises to protect and maintain its market niche by the law so that its independent competitiveness in the market is enhanced. It can be said that the patent is on behalf of a company's technical capabilities and advantages. Therefore, we can not only understand the technical expertise of various enterprises via patent, but also explore the specific industry technology development and corporate layout. Enterprises analyze the patent information in a large number of patent data to assess industrial technology development, competitors, industry patents to provide useful patent information, so that enterprises are able to find a new way to find effective management of internal technology sources and to monitor external technology environments when face rapid changes in technology. Often, usually when the patent analysis is proceed, people who are familiar to the technical background is required to read each patent. It is time-consuming to read and analyze the patent and is very relied on the demand of the technical background of the reader. However, one or more international patent classification (IPC) is given by the patent examiner according to the technical characteristics of the patent after reading the patent specification for future follow-up analysts to conduct patent search. Thus, this study will be based on the international patent classification (IPC) as a main axis for studying specific industrial structure in the middle and lower reaches of the concept of industrial chain technology to understand the specific technical industry structure of the main technical classification, to significantly reduce the requirement to the technical background familiarity of the people who read and analyze the patented technology, and to analyze the relationship between the patented technology in the middle and lower reaches of the specific industry chain and the international patent classification (IPC). Through this method, the development of this industry structure in the development of the main technical direction is analyzed. With the international patent classification (IPC), the industry's technical identification development areas, its technical gap and the main technical indicators of entire industry are identified. By the international patent classification (IPC), the industry quickly understand the contents of the patent as a reference for future patent technology.
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Ulasi, Ikenna. "Carbon conundrum: the dichotomy between energy security and climate change." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4651.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a law thesis that is based on a combined theoretical framework of Green
Legal Theory (GLT) and Theories of International Regimes (TIR). GLT has a broad
conception of ‘law’. It is based on the argument that ‘laws’ exist at different levels and in
different forms, and that ‘legal laws’ are themselves manifestations of regulatory
dynamics that are embedded in institutions and processes; and cultural logics that
generate and support those laws. TIR examines the negotiation, development, formation,
and sustenance of international regimes. The paper is a critical analysis of, especially, the
combined effects of capitalist laws and the liberal democratic system of state-based
governance. This allows me to highlight the underlying factors/dynamics that are
responsible for the continuing inability to address climate change because of the
mandated pursuit of energy security (i.e. the regulatory imperative). The analysis
revolves around four key global actors, which are the multinational corporations (MNCs),
the state, civil society (Non-governmental Organizations), and global institutions. First, I
discuss the growing economic and political powers of MNCs in a liberalized and
deregulated system, and establish the need for a better regulatory system. Second, I
criticize the territorial sovereignty principle and deconstruct the contemporary system of
national governance, while highlighting the need to relax the Westphalian system for
global constitutionalism. Third, I analyze two approaches to globalization, and make a
case against ‘globalization from above’ while arguing for ‘globalization from below’. I
also highlighted the crucial role non-governmental organizations have begun to play in
global governance. Fourth, I make a critical analysis of inter-state relations in global
institutions to show the underlying factors that have compromised the level of
cooperation needed to address the conundrum. Finally, based on all of the issues that I
analyze in the paper, I propose some foundational principles, and a specific strategy, that would help to propel the needed re-form in global governance, to help to restore its
ability to address global problemsGraduate
0398
0616
ikulasi@yahoo.com
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Ning, Fulong, Guosheng Jiang, and Ling Zhang. "COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION OF GEOTHERMAL AND SOLAR ENERGY TO EXPLOIT GAS HYDRATES BURIED IN OCEANIC SEDIMENTS." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1063.
Full textAbstract:
How to exploit and make use of natural gas hydrates in oceans will weigh much in the future researches. Unlike the oil or gas reservoirs, the distributions of natural gas hydrate are very complicated and don’t congregate massively in oceanic sediments. Besides, factors such as seafloor geohazards and climate must be taken into account, which makes it much more difficult and complicated to exploit oceanic gas hydrates than conventional oil or gas. Nowadays neither of such methods as thermal stimulation, depressurization, inhibitor injection, carbon dioxide replacement and mixing exploitation etc. is applied to exploit gas hydrates in marine sediments because of their disadvantages. This paper introduces a conception of combining solar and geothermal energy for gas hydrates exploitation. The model mainly includes five parts: solar energy transferring module, sea water circulating module, underground boiler module, platform and gas-liquid separating module. Solar cells and electric heaters are used to heat the formations containing hydrates. Because they become relatively more mature and cheaper, it’s the key of how to utilize the geothermy to exchange heat in developing this conception, which needs solution of fluid leakage, circulating passages and heat-exchange interface problems in building underground boiler. Probably it’s a feasible measure to use an effective hydraulic control system and hydraulic fracturing. The idea should be a good choice to exploit marine gas hydrates by combining solar and geothermal energy since this method has a great advantage either in terms of efficiency or cost.
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Tsai, Kun-Min, and 蔡坤旻. "A Study on the Effect of International Oil Return on Index of Solar Energy Industry ─ An Application of DT-GARCH Model ─." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15111622387981952805.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
國際企業研究所
97
The solar energy has become one of the most important energy in recent years. In the electricity market, the solar energy possesses fewer limits than other energies, and this research takes the stand of the investor. This research uses index of solar energy industry which organize the market value of the top 12 solar cell manufacturer around the world, to analyze the effect of international oil return on index of solar energy industry. Base on the empirical result of this study, the change in the oil price has shown asymmetric behavior. In another words, when the return of oil price is under or above a certain amount, the return of solar energy index shows different result. The return of solar energy index shows a positive relationship with the oil price regardless of the condition it is in. Condition two brings bigger impact and persistence of volatility compare to condition one to solar energy industry. Base on this result we conclude that solar energy investment show high risk comes with high return.
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"Visions for Sustainable Energy Transformations: Integrating Power and Politics in the Mediterranean Region." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29793.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: This dissertation examines the nexus of three trends in electricity systems transformations underway worldwide—the scale-up of renewable energy, regionalization, and liberalization. Interdependent electricity systems are being envisioned that require partnership and integration across power disparities. This research explores how actors in the Mediterranean region envisioned a massive scale-up of renewable energy within a single electricity system and market across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. It asks: How are regional sociotechnical systems envisioned? What are the anticipated consequences of a system for a region with broad disparities and deep sociopolitical differences? What can be learned about energy justice by examining this vision at multiple scales? A sociotechnical systems framework is used to analyze energy transformations, interweaving the technical aspects with politics, societal effects, and political development issues. This research utilized mixed qualitative methods to analyze Mediterranean electricity transformations at multiple scales, including fieldwork in Morocco and Germany, document analysis, and event ethnography. Each scale—from a global history of concentrating solar power technologies to a small village in Morocco—provides a different lens on the sociotechnical system and its implications for justice. This study updates Thomas Hughes’ Networks of Power, the canonical history of the sociotechnical development of electricity systems, by adding new aspects to sociotechnical electricity systems theory. First, a visioning process now plays a crucial role in guiding innovation and has a lasting influence on the justice outcomes. Second, rather than simply providing people with heat and light, electrical power systems in the 21st century are called upon to address complex integrated solutions. Furthermore, building a sustainable energy system is now a retrofitting agenda, as system builders must graft new infrastructure on top of old systems. Third, the spatial and temporal aspects of sociotechnical energy systems should be amended to account for constructed geography and temporal complexity. Fourth, transnational electricity systems pose new challenges for politics and political development. Finally, this dissertation presents a normative framework for conceptualizing and evaluating energy justice. Multi-scalar, systems-level justice requires collating diverse ideas about energy justice, expanding upon them based on the empirical material, and evaluating them with this framework.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Science and Technology Policy 2015
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Chien, Chun-han, and 簡君翰. "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Passive Solar Chimney - A Case Study on the International Conference Hall of the Magic School of Green Technology." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26007073936390845676.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
97
Limited to the ventilation route and using function, most of the large-scale indoor space will choose to utilize the air-conditioning system to solve the condition of ventilation and air exchanging. If it can be considered seriously at the first planning, there might be great benefits for environmental comfortableness and energy conservation. That is why this study focuses on this topic. This research is a case study on the international conference hall of the Magic School of Green Technology. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict the efficiency of natural ventilation of the passive solar chimney used in large-scale indoor space, at the same time, and to enhance the simulation accuracy by confirmed the theoretical formula. The results shows that people will feel comfortable when there is no outdoor wind blows into the indoor space, and the indoor wind speed is between the range of 0.15 m/s ~ 0.75 m/s. Ventilation during the day and night are 8.23 ACH and 6.72 ACH. After increasing the wind-driven ventilation, the air change of the international conference hall is 15.2h-¹ per hour. This output is also corresponded with the requirements of the minimum air changes per hour. The application of passive solar chimney can shut off the air-conditioner automatically when outside temperature is lower than at 28°C. Comparing to the traditional design of conference hall which consumes 42032kWh, the application of this study can decrease the energy consumption to 32515 kWh. The energy consumption of the air-conditioner reduces about 25.6% per year.
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Wang, Chih-Jen, and 王志仁. "International Crude Oil Prices, the Price of Gold Stocks and Solar Energy Relations of Interaction - to the Mainland in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Taiwan Stock Market." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57641567979644358801.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
99
This study was to investigate the international crude oil prices, gold stocks and solar energy relationship between the interaction. This study, time series taken to the international crude oil prices, gold prices and the mainland, Shenzhen and Taiwan solar energy stocks as the sample, each sample collected 313 pen data, collected a total of 1,565 pen data. The results of this study show: First, causality test results, the discovery of a leading solar energy sector between the gold price; the international crude oil prices and solar energy stocks have mutual feedback relationship. Second, cointegration analysis, the discovery of gold prices and solar energy stocks have long-term cointegration relationship. Third, gold prices and solar energy stocks have error correction between the items. In conclusion of this study can be found, solar energy stocks in the future may become the new forecast gold price change indicators. Keywords: International crude oil prices, Gold prices, Unit root test, Granger causality test, Cointegration test, Error correction model
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Frieß, Daniel. "Desertec und der arabisch-frankophone Maghreb am Fallbeispiel: Marokko." Master's thesis, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30200.
Full textAbstract:
Die Staatsexamensarbeit befasst sich sowohl mit den Potentialen, als auch mit den möglichen Problemen des Desertec Projekts im französischsprachigen Norden Afrikas. Der Autor beleuchtet im ersten Teil die Potentiale des Projekts für von einem kultur-, politik-, sozialwissenschaftlichen Standpunkt. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit setzt sich der Autor intensiv mit der Frage nach der Kritik der neokolonialistischen Bestrebungen der Projektinitiatoren auseinander. Darüber hinaus beleuchtet er die Kommunikationsstrategie der Desertec Foundation näher und legt das interkulturelle Potential dieses Unterfangens dar. Daran schließt sich ein Überblick über die französischen, marokkansichen und deutschen Pressestimmen im Zeitraum von 2009 - 2012 zum Desertec Projekt an. Den Abschluss bildet eine Standortanalyse mit dem Fokus auf den von der AQIM ausgehenden Terrorismus und der Korruption vor Ort.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1
1. Einleitung 2
2. Forschungsstand 5
3. Das Desertec-Projekt 6
3.1 Einführung 6
3.2 Technische Umsetzung 9
3.3 Vorteile des Desertec-Konzepts aus der Sicht des Konsortiums 11
3.3.1 Trinkwassergewinnung durch solarenergiebetriebene Meerwasser- entsalzungsanlagen 12
3.3.2 Vom Shatterbelt zum Gateway – Stabilisierung der MENA-Region 14
3.3.3 Entwicklungspolitische Perspektiven 16
4. Kulturtheoretische Betrachtungen des Desertec-Projekts18
4.1 Beutet Europa Afrika wieder aus? – Neokolonialismus 18
4.2 Desertec als barmherziger Samariter? – Kommunikationsanalyse 25
4.3 Interkulturelle Komponenten 33
5. Pressereaktionen Deutschland-Frankreich-Marokko von 2009-2012 39
6. Der Standort Marokko 47
6.1 Terrorismus 48
6.2 Korruption 52
7. Fazit 56
8. Bibliographie 60
Abkürzungsverzeichnis 73
Selbstständigkeitserklärung 74The author of the exam thesis „Das Desertec Projekt und der Arabisch-Frankophone Maghreb am Beispiel Marokko“ discusses various important cultural aspects of the implementation of the mega-project Desertec in the francophone area of North Africa. In this thesis, the author puts the advantages presented by the Desertec Foundation into perspective and discusses possible impediments from a cultural point of view. The first part of the paper covers the topics of solar powered drinking water abstraction as a possibility to meet local needs and Desertec as a promoter of social stability and economic development in the MENA region. The second part is concerned with a discussion of alleged neo-colonial intentions of the companies supporting the Desertec project as well as its management. Moreover, the author discusses the communication strategy of the project and the influence of intercultural aspects on the success of the Desertec vision. Furthermore, the thesis contains a review on press reactions on the topic in the period of 2009 – 2012 and a brief location study discussing the topic of terrorism and corruption in the Maghreb region. The author comes to the conclusion that a mega-project like Desertec cannot solely rely on economic facts and engineering ingenuity, but has to take all cultural points into account and make use of the synergetic effect in order to lead this project to success.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 1. Einleitung 2 2. Forschungsstand 5 3. Das Desertec-Projekt 6 3.1 Einführung 6 3.2 Technische Umsetzung 9 3.3 Vorteile des Desertec-Konzepts aus der Sicht des Konsortiums 11 3.3.1 Trinkwassergewinnung durch solarenergiebetriebene Meerwasser- entsalzungsanlagen 12 3.3.2 Vom Shatterbelt zum Gateway – Stabilisierung der MENA-Region 14 3.3.3 Entwicklungspolitische Perspektiven 16 4. Kulturtheoretische Betrachtungen des Desertec-Projekts18 4.1 Beutet Europa Afrika wieder aus? – Neokolonialismus 18 4.2 Desertec als barmherziger Samariter? – Kommunikationsanalyse 25 4.3 Interkulturelle Komponenten 33 5. Pressereaktionen Deutschland-Frankreich-Marokko von 2009-2012 39 6. Der Standort Marokko 47 6.1 Terrorismus 48 6.2 Korruption 52 7. Fazit 56 8. Bibliographie 60 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 73 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 74
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Savara, Zbyněk. "Ochrana zahraničních investic." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-314006.
Full textAbstract:
Key words: Foreign direct investment protection, the most favourite nation clause, international minimum standard, national treatment, renewable resource, solar plant, Energy Charter Treaty Protection of foreign investments The diploma thesis deals with the importance of foreign direct investments ("FDI") protection. In the first section of the thesis a brief description of FDI protection history is presented. This description is focused on the development of the law of FDI protection and the means of protection execution (diplomatic protection, arbitration, use of power) are described. The changes incurred in the 20th century in international relations are analysed as well. Further the thesis provides a description of different regimes applicable in the field of FDI protection. Regimes like international minimum standard, standard of national treatment and the most favoured nation clause are comprised. The third section is focused on the Czech Republic and FDI support and protection in here. This part deals with the historical development especially in last 20 years. The system of support and protection of FDI is described and the most important disputes in this field are analysed. Finally the last section of thesis is focused on a very actual topic i.e. solar energy and legislature changes in...