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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International states'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Čepilová, Barbora. "Failed States in International Relations." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18244.

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The aim of the work Failed States in International Relations is the examination of this phenomenon regarding the terminological discrepancy, causes of the state fragility, security and social aspects and the various attitudes from the side of the international communities. A special part is dealing with so called "successfully failed states" where despite the obvious non-functioning the state is able to survive due to the revenues from the natural resources. The ?ndings are represented on the case study of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a country with huge potential but miserable performance by now.

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2

Hallock, Stephanie A. "Why states cooperate : international environmental issues /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063637/.

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3

Lind, Jennifer M. 1969. "Sorry states : apologies in international politics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28500.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 419-436).
Are apologies and other acts of contrition necessary to reduce threat and build trust between former adversaries? This has become an accepted conventional wisdom, despite the fact that the effects of contrition have not yet been tested. This dissertation outlines and tests an "apology theory" of international politics, thus contributing to debates within international relations theory about the role of intentions in threat perception between states, as well as to policy debates about the role of contrition in peace building. The apology theory posits that a state's "policies of remembrance" affect perception of its intentions in the eyes of other states, and thus influence the degree to which others see it as threatening. According to the theory, apologies foster perception of benign intentions and thus reduce threat perception. I test the apology theory in two empirical case studies: South Korean threat perception of Japan and French threat perception of Germany, both since World War II. To determine whether my findings appear valid in other cases, I conduct three "mini-cases": Chinese and Australian perceptions of Japan, and British perceptions of Germany. The study has three principal findings. First, the Japan case shows that denial of past violence (unapologetic remembrance) is pernicious for bilateral relations; it fuels distrust and increases threat perception between states. Acknowledgement of past violence is vital for former adversaries to establish productive and friendly relations. Second, the European case shows that moving beyond acknowledgement of past violence--undertaking extensive policies of contrition--yields little benefit. When the French discuss their perceptions of
(cont.) Germany, they emphasize factors other than remembrance. Third, moving beyond a basic acknowledgement of past violence to policies of contrition may actually be harmful for relations. The case of Japan suggests that policies of contrition can trigger domestic backlash, which in turn alarms observers. The potential backlash effect from contrition is an important finding for academic and activist literatures on post-conflict peace-building, which often recommend policies of contrition, but have neglected to consider its potential negative effects.
by Jennifer M. Lind.
Ph.D.

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4

Tuzuner, Musa. "The state-level determinants of the United States' international intelligence cooperation." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1246699828.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Advisor: Andrew S. Barnes. Keywords: Intelligence Behavior; TABARI; Event Data; International Intelligence Cooperation; Realism and Liberalism; Terrorism; Intelligence Theory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-168)

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5

Klykova, Ekaterina. "Security in International Relations: International cooperation to prevent non-states threats." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197216.

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Thesis is focusing on the analysis of the situation in Syria in the period since 2011 till present times. First part will present main theoretical thoughts on the international security such as Realist school, Liberalist school, Human and Collective security concepts and the most modern theoretical school of security- Copenhagen school. That was done in case to have a clear notion of the international security development and to chose the one theory which will reflect the best the situation in Syria. In the practical part I analyzing the actions and inter actions of the main international security actors, such as United Nations plus important actors in the region of the Middle East -- Arab League, and of course Syrian government and opposition. Also I will try to apply Copenhagen school of Security on the Syrian situation and to find out if that theory is good or not for that kind of analysis. After browsing actions taken by actors and opposition in the conclusion I found out that nowadays international security system cannot be called very successful and that Copenhagen school of Security its good explanatory theory but it pretty useless in case of conflict resolution.

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6

Jørgensen, Nina H. B. "The responsibility of states for international crimes /." Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015629585&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Diss. University Oxford, 1999.
Diss. u.d.T. "State responsibility for the Commission of Crimes against international law. Originaltitel: State responsibility for the Commission of crimes against international law.

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7

Devlen, Balkan. "Games leaders play renegade and international crisis /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5945.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 20, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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8

Trampenau, Timothy R. "NATO expansion and the Baltic states." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA325405.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-136). Also available online.

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9

Ziemele, Ineta. "State continuity and nationality in the Baltic states : international and constitutional law issues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275338.

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10

Valeri, Lorenzo. "Dot.com versus dot.gov : states, international businesses and an international regime for information assurance." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270482.

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11

Cummiskey, Joseph W. "United States commerical shipbuilding productivity: an international view." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43856.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
This thesis examines American shipyard productivity. An attempt is made to measure changes in U.S. shipbuilding productivity to ascertain if U.S. yards are improving their position relative to their competitors. An international comparison of wages, material and overhead prices and cost structures are used to assess America's current competitive position. This study also provides a qualitative survey of lesser known shipbuilding nations about which little quantitative data has been published. A discussion of obstacles, such as government policy deficiencies and business practices, which continue to inhibit commercial shipbuilding productivity in the United States is also included. Recommendations are also provided.

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12

Cummiskey, Joseph W. "United States commercial shipbuilding productivity an international view /." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA241702.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Boger, Dan C. Second Reader: Wadsworth, David B. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 29, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Shipbuilding, Productivity, Commercial, International, Wages, Steel, Overhead, Material, Labor, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Shipbuilding, Commercial, International, Wages, Steel, Productivity, Overhead, Material, Labor. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112). Also available in print.

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13

Elias, Olufemi Adekunle. "The consent of states and customary international law." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10061838/.

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This dissertation is an examination of the role of consent in the process by which rights and obligations are created under customary international law. Two related issues are examined. One is the role of consent in the creation of customary law generally, and the other is the question whether the consent of a State or a group of States to a stipulation of customary international law is a condition of the applicability of that law to those States. Part One examines the relationship between the notions of consent, state practice and opinio juris. Chapter I examines the nature of the law governing the creation of customary law. Chapter II compares opinio juris with consent. In Part Two, Chapter III sets up a framework for the enquiry, namely, a spectrum of views expressed about the role of consent. Chapters IV and V then examine the decisions of tribunals and the practice of States to see which of the points on the spectrum corresponds most closely to those decisions and practice. Chapter VI compares general and nongeneral custom as far it relates to the role of consent. Chapter VII examines the position of newly independent States in relation to customary law established before they achieve statehood, and is concerned more with evidence than with general considerations. Part Three deals with the main objections to, and the possible advantages of, the requirement of consent in the contemporary customary law process. It will be suggested that consent does, and should, play an essential part in the customary law process.

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14

Payton, Autumn Lockwood. "Tying Down Gulliver: How Weak States Control the Design of International Institutions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1250222881.

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15

Garber, Nikola Marie. "Natural disasters in international affairs formulating reconstruction planning in NOAA /." [Hattiesburg, MS : The University of Southern Mississippi], 2004. http://www.usm.edu/international/files/Garber-FullDissertation.pdf.

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16

Jackson, Preece Jennifer Ann. "The international status of national minorities in the European nation-states system 1919-1995." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338990.

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17

Simsek, Galip Engin. "The responsibility of member states for the violation of international obligations by international organisations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490080.

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In this thesis, I analyse the question of the responsibility of member states of international organisations for the violation of international obligations binding their organisation vis-it-vis non-member states either on the basis of general international or in an international agreement concluded by that organisation. For this purpose, I analyse, first of all, the relationship between international organisations and international law, and the conditions of their international responsibility in case of a violation these obligations. Then, I examine the current situation regarding international remedies, which can be invoked by third parties injured by such a violation. The analysis, in this regard, shows us the problems faced by third parties in this process. On the basis of the observations in the fonner chapters, the analysis then turns to the question of the possibility of holding member states of an international organisation responsible for the violation of international obligations by their organisation. In this respect, an examination of the relevant international treaties, international reports, case law and opinion of writers, show that it is generally accepted that states cannot absolve themselves from the consequences of a violation of an international obligation binding them toward non-member states by transferring certain competences to an organisation. Thus, they can be held internationally responsible if their organisation fails to fulfil these obligations in an appropriate manner. As far as the basis of this responsibility is concerned, I argue that the constituent treaty of an international organization is to be construed as a forum of member states, in which they express their intention to deal with certain common interest areas collectively. In other words, member states create common institutions and confer certain autonomy to them for dealing with the relevant areas of common interest, thus providing the organisation with competences in those areas. As a consequence, non-member states deal with member states in those areas via this institutional structure established by the constituent treaty. However, the constituent treaty remains as the basis of the relationship between member states and non-member states, despite the separate international personality of the organisation. Therefore, alth~ugh non-member states have the duty to respect the functioning of this treaty, they can In.voke th~ responsibility of member states secondarily if the organisation fails to fulfil ~ntematronal obligations, binding both the organisation and the member states, effectIvely and properly within the legal order established by the constituent treaty.

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18

Al-Amri, Yusuf B. "Changing conceptions of sovereignty in international law." Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273020.

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19

Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.

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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.

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20

Correa, Minerva. "Ethnic Identity : An Examination of Hispanic International Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277654/.

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I interviewed twenty-four International students from the following countries: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Puerto Rico and Spain. Hereafter I shall refer to the respondents as Hispanic International students. My primary interest was to learn the way in which Hispanic International students defined themselves in view of ethnic definitions imposed on them by the administrative system in the U.S. First, Hispanic International students defined themselves primarily by their nationality. The second finding dealt with the usage of language. The Hispanic International students spoke Spanish with relatives and friends. They spoke English when a non-Spanish speaker joined the conversation. The third finding was related to the problems and adaptations encountered by Hispanic International students.

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21

Berry, Eleonor. "State of the art -- states of mind : a reconceptualization of global education's theoretical foundation through alternative expressions of global." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112326.

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Global education is founded upon numerous theoretical frameworks. In this thesis, following a review of relevant literature, I will carefully consider Pike and Selby's (1995) four-dimensional model of global education. Although I regard theirs as the most promising of recent conceptualizations, it doesn't seem to provide a clear articulation of the specifics of their four dimensions, as well as the way in which these can be fostered in learners. In an attempt to address this incompleteness, I will turn to global communications pioneer Marshall McLuhan whose discussion of the global village contains key concepts and definitions that may provide more specific language for the individual's relationship to the local and the global. Moreover, his ideas regarding the intersection of culture, technology, and the arts within the global village, illuminated by the work of artist Char Davies, can help situate the arts within a newly conceptualized theoretical foundation for global education.

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22

Liptak, Christopher. "Caught between Nation and State: An Analysis of Post-Cold War Military Intervention in Failed States." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626125.

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23

Begemann, Anna J. "The responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts committed within the framework of international organizations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:46b9d7cf-7155-4f5e-9a1d-d04aa8ae4a88.

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This thesis investigates the often-voiced concern that the expanding activities of international organizations lead to an 'accountability gap' in the sense that if potentially harmful activities are carried out through an international organization, neither the organization nor its member States can effectively be held to account. Many international organizations are only beginning to establish procedural remedies through which the lawfulness of their activities can be reviewed. In the absence of a direct remedy against the organization, third parties often try to hold the member States responsible in relation to the organization's activities. This thesis investigates under what circumstances member States can be held responsible for wrongful conduct taken within the framework of an international organization. It deals comprehensively with the attribution of conduct in multilateral contexts, with complicity as a ground of member State responsibility, with reparation for injuries committed by multiple responsible parties and with the judicial enforcement of member State responsibility. In doing so, it demonstrates how with the transposition of the rules on international responsibility to the context of international organizations, certain rules of State responsibility, well-established in an exclusively inter-State context, have been opened up to fundamental questions. The separate legal personality of international organizations can in fact be seen as creating an 'institutional veil' which makes it more difficult to 'see through' and hold States responsible for their conduct qua members. This thesis argues that the possibility of holding member States responsible for unlawful conduct taken within the framework of international organizations not only counters the risk that States could use them as vehicles to carry out unlawful acts, but that it also serves as an incentive for member States to create better procedural remedies against their international organizations.

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Orchard, Philip. "A right to leave : refugees, states, and international society." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1261.

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This dissertation investigates regime-based efforts by states to cooperate in providing assistance and protection to refugees since 1648. It argues from a constructivist perspective that state interests and identities are shaped both by other actors in the international system - including norm entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations - and by the broader normative environment. Refugees are a by-product of this environment. Fundamental institutions - including territoriality, popular sovereignty, and international law - formed a system in which exit was one of the few mechanisms of survival for those who were religiously and politically persecuted. This led states to recognize that people who were so persecuted were different from ordinary migrants and had a right to flee their own state and seek accommodation elsewhere. States recognized this right to leave, but did not recognize a requirement that any given state had a responsibility to accept these refugees. This contradiction creates a dilemma in international relations, one which states have sought to solve through international cooperation. The dissertation explores policy change within the United States and Great Britain at the international and domestic levels in order to understand the tensions within current refugee protection efforts. Three regimes, based in different normative understandings, have framed state cooperation. In the first, during the 19th century, refugees were granted protections under domestic and then bilateral law through extradition treaties. The second, in the interwar period, saw states taught by norm entrepreneurs that multilateral organizations could successfully assist refugees, though states remained unwilling to provide blanket assistance and be bound by international law. These issues led to the failure of states to accommodate Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany in the 1930s. The third, since the Second World War, had a greater consistency among its norms, especially recognition by states of the need for international law. Once again, this process was shaped by other actors, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This regime has been challenged by increased refugee numbers and restrictions on the part of states, but its central purpose remains robust due to the actions of actors such as the UNHCR.

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25

Eriksson, Maria. "Defining rape emerging obligations for states under international law? /." Doctoral thesis, Kållared : Örebro Universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10590.

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26

Bewley-Taylor, David R. "The United States and international drug control : 1909 - 1997 /." London [u.a.] : Pinter, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/252579070.pdf.

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27

French, Duncan Adrian. "International law and the sustainable development of developing states." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403037.

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28

Hooper, Charlotte. "Manly states : masculinities, international relations (IR) and gender politics." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389164.

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29

Candelaria, Jacob. "Europe, the United States, and the international criminal court." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FCandelaria.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Daniel Moran, James Armstead. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available online.

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Gaymon, Alana. "The need for international education in the United States /." View abstract, 1998. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1523.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1998.
Thesis advisor: Dr. Gavro Altman. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in International Studies." Includes bibliographical references (leaf 47).

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31

Johanson, Daniel Timothy. "China's pragmatic foreign policy : international socialization and pariah states." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/chinas-pragmatic-foreign-policy(3a903d02-5873-4f01-a2c3-2d2fba103648).html.

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Attempts to understand China’s role in the international community have often revolved around questioning whether it is ‘inside’ or ‘outside’ of the system – specifically, does it share the principles of a liberal international world order or seek to create an alternative? Where China was once excluded, or even self-excluded, from active participation in the international community, reformist China is now truly enmeshed in it. Doubts, however, remain in some circles about the character of China’s engagement. Is it really ‘in’, and fully open to negotiation and compromise on all issues, or is it somehow just playing us all and waiting for the right opportunity to bare its teeth, and come back at us in a classical neo-realist fashion? Does it share the basic values that underpin the liberal international order? Doubts like these have been exacerbated by China’s attitude and official statements toward states that the West has viewed to be outside the international order – frequently referred to as ‘pariah’ or ‘rogue’ states. Some view China’s strong relations with these ‘outcast’ states to be evidence that China itself is somehow tainted. China’s continued involvement with these ‘pariahs’ requires that China have a role in solving the potential international security challenges. How exactly China does this will show where China’s values lie. This dissertation reviews China’s diplomacy toward three such pariah states to see what it might say on this bigger question. Did China identify closely with these states? Has its policy remained constant over time? Does China view these states as pariah states in western terms? Has it actually internalized such a definition? Is there any evidence of a shift toward acceptance of the label “pariah state” and the normative values this represents? If so, what would that tell us about how Chinese foreign policy has developed? The dissertation offers a comprehensive look at how and why China has interacted with these nations and the ways in which its policies have changed. It concludes that China did in fact shift towards the Western position and in so doing, revealed that - in these areas at least – it is more ‘in’ than ‘out’ the international system.

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Mehrabi, Wais. "Politics of International Recognition: The Case of Aspirant States." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1546318678351285.

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Shahrokhi, Manuchehr. "Reverse licensing : international technology transfer to the United States /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1258657986.

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Gebremeskel, Wintana Kidane. "Sitting head of state immunity for crimes under international law : conflicting obligations of ICC member states?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5515.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Sitting head of state immunity for crimes under international law has been a very controversial issue in recent times. On the one hand, the debate bears that personal immunity has been renounced for crimes under international law. On the other hand, the advocates of personal immunity claim that the principle of immunity is still persisting under customary International law. Although the International Criminal Court (ICC) is a treaty based court, it is able to extend its jurisdiction to non-state parties to the Rome Statute through a referral by the United Nations Security Council. Lacking its own enforcement body the ICC relies on the cooperation of other states for arrest and surrender of those it indicts. The extension of the court's jurisdiction to non-state parties, such as the case of Sudanese President Omar Al Bashir, has led to the reluctance of state parties to the Rome Statue to effect arrest and surrender citing a 'dilemma between two conflicting obligations'. This paper analyses the legal status of personal immunity before different fora such as International tribunals, foreign domestic courts and under customary international law. It also critically examines the legal basis for the alleged conflicting obligations of state parties. The paper at the end concludes that there is no conflicting obligation for states parties to fully co-operate with the ICC and the lack of co-operation in the arrest and surrender of a sitting head of state is inconsistent with international law particularly with United Nation Charter and the Rome Statute.
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

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35

Alston, Giles. "International prestige and the American space programme." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b5b224dc-8612-413b-87a5-4ef75c2debd3.

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This thesis considers the role of prestige in international relations through a case study of the early years of the American space programme. After discussing the dearth of literature on the place of prestige in international relations, it examines the effect of prestige considerations on the space policy of the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administrations. Although urged to pursue a spectacular space programme for the sake of American prestige, Eisenhower believed that international prestige was not a matter requiring government intervention. Consequently, he favoured a small civilian space programmme structured according to scientific rather than political criteria. The opposite was the case for President Kennedy. It is shown how his experience in Congress, followed by his 1960 election campaign, gave him a different perspective on the political importance and utility of international prestige. This was appreciated by advocates of a manned lunar landing, who were able to present the Apollo project to him in terms of its international prestige value. Finally, after noting the changing attitude towards the space programme between 1961 and 1963, as well as the diminished American interest in international prestige by 1969, the thesis compares the experiences of the two administrations to draw some conclusions about the factors necessary for prestige to play an important role in international policy.

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Ivanova, Tatiana V. "Immigration policy in the U.S. and trends in international migration." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2944. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves. Includes bibliographical references.

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Malloy, Meghan Mary. "United States-Colombian Negotiations on Narcotics Control 1975-1980." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625531.

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38

Lo, Chih-Cheng. "International trade disputes in intellectual property : Taiwanese cases in the United States International Trade Commission." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.626852.

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Section 337 of the Tariff Act in the United States International Trade Commission (USITC) has been recognised as a mechanism for further strengthening patent protection and competitiveness of US firms (Aoki and Prusa, 1993; Mutti and Yeung 1996). Section 337 has an effective deterrent, the Exclusive Order, which prohibits the imports and lor distribution of imported products based on one or more patents held by US firms that have been infringed. Several studies have shown that there is a strategic motivation behind patent litigation (Lerner, 1995; Somaya, 2003; Harhoff and Reitzig, 2004; Lanjouw and Schankerman, 2004). However, a fuller understanding of how firms react to the enforcement environment has not been fully explored. After reviewing the relevant literature in highlighting the issue of cross-border patent litigation, the contribution of this thesis is to take the viewpoint of a foreign firm from a newly industrialised country to illustrate the issue of the strategic use of trade-relevant patent protection. With this in mind, the main research questions in this thesis are as follows: (1) What issues and interactions have taken place in the trade-relevant patent dispute between Taiwan and the US? (2) What patterns of cross-border patent dispute emerge from the USITC protection mechanism involving in Taiwanese firms? (3) What are the strategic responses of Taiwanese firms to defending a lawsuit in US jurisdiction? For the empirical part of the thesis, a patent litigation dataset was constructed with records extracted from the ITC investigation achieve and LEXIS-Nelson database; and descriptive statistics were computed to uncover the overall patterns of Taiwanese trade-relevant patent litigations and infringed patents. The findings illustrate sharply the characteristics of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) relevant products' competition between American and Taiwanese firms. This was particularly the case after the year 2000 as Taiwanese firms became involved in patent infringement cases as direct defendants rather than as a third party as occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Specifically, half of the infringed patents in Section 337 investigation cases were located in the classifications of computer hardware and semiconductor devices. Further empirical studies to evaluate how Taiwanese firms respond to the risk of litigation and its various impacts reported is based on a research design that combined insights gained from interviews with in-depth case studies. Following an analysis of interviewee responses, potential impact of US patent disputes of two significant USITC investigations associated with Taiwanese firms were analysed using firm level performance data. The findings appear to support those from other empirical literature about the industry-specific importance of a patent. The case studies illustrate that the role of patent litigation is perceived as a strategic manipulation rather than a protection mechanism in leT industries. Finally, the finding casts doubt on the effectiveness of discriminatory regulation to protect patent rights in the US due to the distortionary effects caused by the strategic motivations of both complainant and defendant.

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39

Afonso, Janet Davis 1957. "The international dimension in American higher education." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565531.

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40

Simpson, Archie William. "A theory of dysfunctionality : the European micro-states as dysfunctional states in the international system." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU233251.

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This study is concerned with European micro-states and their continual survival in the international system. Micro-states are sovereign states with populations up to one million people. The existence of micro-states raises a number of serious questions involving the granting of statehood, recognition of sovereignty and the ability of micro-states to maintain their presence in the international system. The study begins with some background into small state theories, writings on micro-states and debates concerning sovereignty. It is argued that being sovereign members of the international system does not fully explain the extantism of the micro-states but that a functional account can. A theory of disfunctionality is outlined prior to a review of empirical evidence in support of this framework. It is argued that a functional account of the state is central to the survival of European micro-states. In particular, it is suggested that micro-states ‘contract-out’ important state functions to others in the international system to ensure their continued survival. From this proposition, a theory of disfunctionality is outlined. This theory incorporates a functional matrix of statehood, the impact of small size upon states, dependency upon others and that the logic of appropriateness is in play for the micro-states. The conclusion indicates that it is possible to identify three types of states in the contemporary system: functional states, dysfunctional states and non-functioning states. The final part of the study also suggests that the question of statehood is somewhat erratic and that a proliferation of micro-states may be expected in the 21^st century.

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41

Hester, Torrie. "Deportation : origins of a national and international power /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9177.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 325-340). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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42

McKenzie, Francine. "The Commonwealth, the United States and international trade negotiations, 1942-1948." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360845.

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43

Turksen, Umut. "Protection seekers, states and the new security agenda." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490448.

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This thesis is concerned with the subject of anti-terrorism laws and their impact on the ghts of refugees and asylum seekers. In particular, it looks at the compatibility of anti terrorism laws with international human rights law instruments.

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44

De, Hoogh André. "Obligations "erga omnes" and international crimes : a theoretical inquiry into the implementation and enforcement of the international responsability of States /." The Hague : Kluwer law international, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37743967v.

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45

Mahdi, Samiullah. "Security and foreign policy of landlocked states." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10160222.

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Wealth and stability of the region have a direct influence on the foreign policy and security of landlocked states. Landlocked states residing in poor and unstable neighborhoods, consequently, experience instability and have more limited foreign policy options compared to those landlocked states which are located in the rich and stable regions of the world. Besides those, two other factors, nationalism and the nature of the export product, extensively influence foreign policy and security of some landlocked countries. However, they are exceptions to the rule. Wealth and stability of the neighborhood determine the direction and fate of landlocked countries foreign policies and security measures.

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46

Kalfas, Martin Daniel. "Chinese Soft Power Promotion in the United States: 2005-2014." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472244955.

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47

Roden, Mark Allan. "The international political economy of contemporary US-China relations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14814/.

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This book investigates the changing nature of US power at the level of world order using US relations with the People's Republic of China in the 1990s as a case study. It is argued that US hegemony has given way to a period of dominance in which the neo-liberal policy objectives of the US state are increasingly realised via the structural power of global institutions and the ideological preferences which underpin them; the cultivation of regional trading blocs; and the material power of the US state as conceived in more traditional terms. This neo-Gramscian assessment of US power is accompanied by the idea that political agency is required to satisfy policy goals under conditions of globalisation. State policy is thereby understood as the product of a political process involving US civil society and non-state actors rather than a given entity. The chapters of the book flesh out the methods by which the US has sought to promote a liberal trading order in the light of China's emergence as a global power and the various areas of consensus and disagreement between the two nations. This takes the form of analysing five major thematic areas of the relationship which include assessments of the historical evolution of US-China relations; the political economy of US-China trade; the role of social forces (civil society) in US-China relations; environmental aspects of the relationship; and the impact of regionalism on US-China relations. Overall, the intention is to problematise the view that the relationship can still be broached in conventional state-centric terms which play down new structural conditions underpinned by the onset of economic globalisation and more multilateral forms of power. In many senses, the thesis entails a novel approach to the political economy of relations between two of the world's foremost powers by placing analysis within the context of neo Gramscian critical theory. It concludes by noting that though US structural power remains considerable in the post-hegemonic era of the 1990s and beyond, the rise of China may induce moves, for better and perhaps worse, to a more multilateral world order.

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Sumer, Seda. "International Students' Psychological and Sociocultural Adaptation in the United States." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/34.

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International students constitute an important cohort in the United States (U.S.) colleges and universities. In order for the U.S. colleges and universities to better accommodate the significant number of international students and to recruit them in the future, it is critical to identify factors that influence these students’ acculturation and adjustment processes and provide professionals with guidelines for creating culturally appropriate services and programs for them. Therefore the current study examined international students’ adaptation to the U.S. in relation to their acculturation levels, coping processes, and intent to stay in the U.S. after their graduation. Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale was used as a measure of psychological adaptation. In addition, Sociocultural Adaptation Scale, Acculturation Index, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire, were used to measure sociocultural adaptation, acculturation dimensions, and coping processes, respectively. A total of 204 F1 visa holding international students participated in the current study. This project was a cross-sectional, exploratory study that measured depression and sociocultural adaptation among international students. Cronbach’s alpha for each instrument was calculated to determine the internal reliability for the current sample. Pearson product moment correlational analyses were performed to examine the relations between interval variables. Analysis of variance was utilized to examine gender differences in coping processes. Multiple regression analyses were conducted in order to explore the predictors of international students’ psychological and sociocultural adaptations. Results showed that in females identification with the host culture was associated with lower levels of depression, and Escape-Avoidance was associated with higher levels of depression. Identification with the host culture and Escape-Avoidance were predictors of sociocultural adaptation for both genders. Specifically, students who identified more strongly with the American culture were less likely to experience difficulty functioning in the U.S. In addition, these students were more likely to report higher levels of English proficiency, higher likelihood of staying in the U.S. after graduation, and lower levels of depression. The study identified important gender differences with regards to acculturation dimensions and coping processes. Implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.

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Oraa, Jaime. "Human rights in states of emergency in public international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385608.

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50

Bartmann, John Barry. "Micro-states in the international system : the challenge of sovereignty." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2235/.

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The last forty years have witnessed a proliferation of very small states, or micro-states with populations of approximately one million or less. Most of these states are developing economies but in recent years even the smallest European micro-states have won acceptance in the councils of the organised international system. This study is a comprehensive examination of the international relations of these states in three principal areas of concern: issues of status and legitimacy; the conduct of diplomacy and the efforts of micro-states to achieve strategies of self-reliant economic development. While the research has confirmed the vulnerabilities of micro-states in all three areas which have been stressed in the literature of the last decade, it also reveals surprising opportunities for some micro-states to ameliorate their weaknesses and to achieve a constructive engagements within the international system. The international milieu and the many support systems at both the regional and global level have actually reinforced the sovereignty of micro-states while providing them with added resources to exploit the opportunities which an increasingly integrated global economy offers. Unlike earlier studies in the field, this dissertation treats the experience of micro-states within the broad context of post-1945 history and thus provides an overall perspective for assessing the impact of very small size over 50 years. It also represents a departure from the existing literature in its determination to include both the developed micro-states in Europe and the more commonly studied micro-states in the developing world. Finally, much of the analysis compares the experiences of micro-states with those of forty larger small states in the next population class, an approach which has not been undertaken elsewhere. The impact of this comparison further confirms the general findings of the dissertation that the international system of the mid to late 1990s has evolved into a largely supportive milieu for micro-states in spite of the serious and occasionally dangerous problems which they continue to face.

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