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Academic literature on the topic 'International unification of legal regulation of surrogacy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "International unification of legal regulation of surrogacy"

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Ponomarenko, Oksana M., Yuriy A. Ponomarenko, and Kateryna Yu Ponomarenko. "LEGAL REGULATION OF SURROGACY AT THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS: OPTIMIZATION OF PERMISSIONS, PROHIBITIONS AND LIABILITY." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012229.

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The aim: To identify the issues that arise in states that consolidate different approaches to the use of surrogacy technologies and formulate the main trends towards unification of legislation in this area. Materials and methods: The study used a complex of general scientific and special methods of cognition, in particular, dialectical, generalizing, comparative legal and others. The research is based on the national and international legislation of different countries, the jurisprudence of national courts and the practice of the ECHR, doctrinal research by scientists from different countries. Conclusions: The development of an international legal document which aim is to protect the rights of children born with the use of surrogacy technology is substantiated on the basis of the main principle enshrined in paragraph 1 of Art. 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child - the principle of the best interests of the child.

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Chevichalova, J. V. "Surrogacy in international private law and public law aspects." Theory and practice of jurisprudence 2021, (VOL 2) 20 (2021): 5. https://doi.org/10.21564/2225-6555.2021.2.244910.

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The proposed article is devoted to the issue of surrogacy in its international private law and public law aspects. The complexity and multidimensionality of issues, the emergence of which is due to the birth of children as a result of agreements on surrogacy, have been investigated. Taking into account the three main approaches to the problem of surrogacy existing in the world, namely: the first is a number of states and organizations that categorically deny the very possibility of trade in the context of surrogate motherhood, noting that the child is not talking about any deal; the second approach is that a significant number of stakeholders express concern about the potential merger of surrogate motherhood and child trafficking, which could lead to the criminalization of surrogate mothers and future parents, as well as possible violations of the right to sexual and reproductive health; the last group is a number of states and organizations that have spoken out in favor of a complete prohibition of surrogacy without any restrictions, the consequences of such approaches have been analyzed. Within the framework of this article, the author considers it appropriate to cite the position of the UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children and the sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and the production of other materials on sexual abuse of children, the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, as well as the European Court of Justice on human rights on the issues considered. The article draws a number of conclusions. First of all, compliance with the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur requires the adoption of urgent measures to prevent violations of the rights of all participants in a surrogacy relationship due to their vulnerability.  Also, regarding the lack of regulation of these legal relations at the level of law within the jurisdiction of Ukraine, the author expresses his opinion about the certain justification of such a situation until a unified normative act is adopted based on the results of the work of the Hague Conference on Private International Law. Harmonization of legal norms at the national and international levels will allow in the future to avoid conflicts in relations of cross-border surrogacy, taking into account the issues of child trafficking, non-discrimination and the right to health of children born through surrogacy, citizenship, name and family ties in the framework of respect for the child’s right to preserve his identity, as well as access to information on origins and rights to family life, etc

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Maikut, Khrystyna, Olena Savaida, Ivanna Zdrenyk, and Uliana Tsmots. "Legal regulation of surrogacy: International experience, status and prospects for development in Ukraine." Social Legal Studios 7, no. 3 (2024): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/sals3.2024.169.

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The use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine is insufficiently regulated at the legislative level, which necessitates a study of one of the types of assisted reproductive technologies – surrogacy – and the legal basis for the use of this phenomenon in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to clarify the status and identify the shortcomings of legal regulation of surrogacy under the national legislation of Ukraine, and to investigate the world practices of its development. To fulfil the stated purpose, the study employed general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition, specifically, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, and the method of functional forecasting. The study focused on the specific features of consolidating the institution of surrogacy in European legislation. The study found no unified international regulation of surrogacy relations, which leads to the existence of different approaches to their regulation in legislation. The study analysed the current state of national legislation on the use of assisted reproductive technologies through surrogacy and highlighted the existing gaps and shortcomings that need to be addressed. It was found that Ukraine lacks comprehensive legal regulation of surrogacy relations, which leads to contradictory opinions on the problem of using this type of assisted reproductive technologies. Based on the study conducted, conclusions were drawn on the need to amend the legislation of Ukraine regarding the use of surrogacy as a type of assisted reproductive technology. An analysis of the regulations of Ukraine suggests the need for a unified legal regulation of the surrogacy process. This analysis of the regulatory framework is of practical significance for further legislative regulation of legal relations in surrogacy matters

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Sylkina, Svetlana M., Nurlaiym K. Mynbatyrova, Zhuldyz B. Umbetbayeva, Gulmira K. Shulanbekova, and Dana U. Baitukayeva. "Surrogacy: An international comparative analysis of the fundamental legislative principles of Ukraine." Medicine, Science and the Law 60, no. 1 (2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802419884417.

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In contemporary societies, the use of assisted reproductive technologies has become increasingly widespread, justifying the need for proper legal regulation of the relevant relationships. The purposes of the article are to analyse the nature the content of the phenomenon of surrogacy, to assess the current legislation of Ukraine in this area and to produce a comparative analysis with the legislation of other states. The aim is to formulate recommendations and outline prospects for further development of national legal regulation of surrogacy relationships. Within the framework of this research, the regulatory matrix and individual regulation of surrogacy were subjected to a comparative analysis within the context of ensuring the rights and freedoms of those citizens implementing surrogacy. This assisted in revealing medical and social dimensions of the legal relations of surrogacy, determining their purpose, considering the specifics of concluding a surrogacy agreement and reviewing the legal status of subjects.

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Chevychalova, Zh V. "ІNTERNATIONAL SURROGACY ARRANGEMENTS. THE WAY TO THE UNIFICATION OF LEGAL REGULATION". Juridical scientific and electronic journal, № 5 (2024): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2024-5/48.

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Kuchynska, Oksana P., Oksana Yu Kashyntseva, and Oleh V. Shchyhol. "CURRENT ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SURROGATE MATERNITY AND ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS OF SURROGATE MOTHERS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012228.

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The aim: To propose effective jurisdictional methods in the field of legal regulation of surrogacy and ensuring the rights of surrogate mothers in the EU. Materials and methods: The research is based on international documents in the field of surrogacy, Ukrainian legislation, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, scientists' works in the field of legal regulation of surrogacy, etc. General scientific methods (synthesis, induction, system method) and specific scientific methods (comparative legal and special legal methods) are used. Conclusions: The study found that today some issues related to the surrogacy legal nature, conditions and procedure for its implementation remain out of the EU's attention. It is established that the adoption of a separate regional (within the EU) legal act will fully solve the existing problems, ensuring the effectiveness and transparency of surrogacy, will unify the medical tourism's mechanisms in the field of surrogacy. The authors have developed and proposed to enshrine the main provisions on surrogacy in the EU Regulation / Directive.

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Maydanyk, Roman A., and Kateryna V. Moskalenko. "TOWARDS CREATION OF UNIFIED REGULATION ON SURROGACY IN EUROPE: RECENT TRENDS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012227.

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The aim of this paper is to study the existing international legal framework, regulating international surrogacy agreements and to analyse the possibility of adoption of respective unified European legal instrument. Materials and methods: The article is based on international legal acts, jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, reports and scientific articles. The research is grounded on dialectical, formal logical methods, methods of synthesis and analysis, comparative legal method and the method of modelling. Conclusions: The authors came to conclusion about the necessity of introducing of unified legal instrument dealing with international surrogacy cases. The article illustrates that the work towards harmonization of surrogacy in Europe started at the beginning of 21st century and the experts group of the Hague Conference on Private International Law is currently working on drafting a respective protocol. The authors provide a list of questions that were not noticed by the mentioned experts but should be included in the protocol.

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Arshia Malhotra. "Comparative analysis: Surrogacy regulation in India and global perspectives." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 21, no. 1 (2024): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/e8js6z74.

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This research paper examines the complex regulatory environment surrounding surrogacy in India, investigating its historical development and the intricate interplay of legal, ethical, and cultural factors. The paper examines the regulatory reforms that ensued after India became a prominent international hub for commercial surrogacy, with a specific emphasis on the intricate provisions of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021. It emphasizes the impact of the act and addresses any limitations that were previously present. This study investigates the constitutional and legal ramifications that arise from the criteria for eligibility, with a particular focus on the effects on the infant, surrogate mothers, and intended parents. With the assistance of a global comparative analysis, this paper provides a nuanced perspective on surrogacy laws in Ukraine, the United States, and the United Kingdom, among others. These three jurisdictions were selected due to the fact that their surrogacy legislations regulate the industry to varying degrees: Ukraine regulates commercial surrogacy, the United States has state-made legislation, and the United Kingdom's legislation is very similar to that of India. The core of the manuscript consists of ten recommendations that are specifically designed for the Indian context. These recommendations promote the following: comprehensive legislation, parental rights recognition, autonomy for surrogate mothers, and ethical guidelines. The aforementioned suggestions encompass public education initiatives, anti-discrimination protocols, and international surrogacy regulations. In conclusion, the paper proposes a legal structure that is congruent with the cultural heterogeneity of India, thereby cultivating an atmosphere for surrogacy arrangements that is ethical, inclusive, and transparent.

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Jha, Tanvi, and Madhusmita Deept. "Ethical and legal perspective of surrogacy in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 8 (2022): 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222021.

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Surrogacy is an important alternative method of reproduction where traditional methods are not possible. However, several legal, ethical, medical and economic arguments have been made against this practice. Recent developments in the legal framework governing surrogacy aimed to answer these questions. Through the introduction of the surrogacy (regulation) bill 2019 provisions have been made to regulate centers providing surrogacy, preauthorization of surrogacy contracts and make a complete mental and physical evaluation of surrogates prior to entering the contract mandatory. However, the bill completely prohibits commercial and international surrogacy providing the vacuum for creation of other possible problems. Hence, there is still a need to find a balance between the ethical, legal, scientific and social aspects of surrogacy.

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Aparna Singh and Vidhi Krishnan. "Navigating the Ethics and Legalities of Surrogacy in India: A Critical Analysis of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act of 2021." QURU’: Journal of Family Law and Culture 3, no. 2 (2025): 104–28. https://doi.org/10.59698/quru.v3i2.430.

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This paper aims to critically examine the ethical and legal dimensions of compensated surrogacy in India within the context of the enactment of the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act of 2021, which bans commercial surrogacy and allows only altruistic (non-paid) surrogacy. Through a feminist critical approach, this paper explores the tensions between three main perspectives in the surrogacy discourse: abolitionist (calling for a total ban), reformist (advocating for strict regulations), and libertarian (emphasizing individual freedom and market forces). The research method used is a qualitative study based on document analysis and literature review. The author analyzes national legal sources such as the Surrogacy Regulation Act of 2021, and compares India's legal framework with international practices in other countries such as the United States. In addition, the author examines previous studies on the experiences of surrogate mothers, their socio-economic conditions, and the cultural narratives that influence public perceptions of surrogacy. The analysis reveals that a total ban on commercial surrogacy could create new forms of exploitation by disregarding the value of women's reproductive labor and limiting their economic choices. Previous commercial surrogacy practices in India have indeed shown various issues, such as social inequalities between surrogates and intended parents, as well as weak legal protection. However, rather than endorsing a complete ban, this paper advocates for the implementation of a regulated compensated surrogacy model that acknowledges the physical and emotional labor of surrogates while providing adequate legal and ethical protections. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that a balanced regulation, rather than an outright ban, would better address the socio-economic realities of women in India. By offering an approach that combines reproductive autonomy and legal protection, this model creates a realistic middle ground between unlimited commercialization and the altruistic approach that fails to respond to the real needs of surrogate mothers.

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Books on the topic "International unification of legal regulation of surrogacy"

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United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred First Congress, second session ; German unification and the CSCE process : April 3, 1990. U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Beaumont, Paul, and Katarina Trimmings. International Surrogacy Arrangements: Legal Regulation at the International Level. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2013.

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International Surrogacy Arrangements: Legal Regulation at the International Level. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2013.

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International Surrogacy Arrangements: Legal Regulation at the International Level. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2013.

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International surrogacy arrangements: Legal regulation at the international level. Hart Publishing, 2013.

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Halliday, Terence C., and Gregory Shaffer. Transnational Legal Orders. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Halliday, Terence C., and Gregory Shaffer. Transnational Legal Orders. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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Halliday, Terence C., and Gregory Shaffer. Transnational Legal Orders. Cambridge University Press, 2014.

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Halliday, Terence C., and Gregory Shaffer. Transnational Legal Orders. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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Choudhury, Cyra Akila. Transnational Commercial Surrogacy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935352.013.38.

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With the emergence of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly in vitro fertilization, gestational surrogacy in which an woman can be hired to gestate the child of commissioning parents has grown into a multimillion dollar industry. While many countries prohibit surrogacy, others permit and some even allow women to charge for the service of gestation on a commercial basis. This article addresses the regulation of transnational surrogacy and the related legal conflicts that arise in cross-border agreements particularly in commercial contracts It starts with a brief exploration of the surrogacy industry and growth. It then goes on to describe and analyze some of the legal frameworks that affect surrogacy contracts. The article proceeds to discuss some of the most prominent cross-border controversies to highlight that these conflicts tend to arise from a lack of international or transnational regulation on parentage and citizenship. Finally, the article explores the proposals for international regulation and the prospects of solving some of the more difficult legal problems that have arisen from transnational surrogacy.

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Book chapters on the topic "International unification of legal regulation of surrogacy"

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Pravallika, Pedapudi Nagasri. "SURROGACY AND INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION: THE CRITIQUES OF INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION AND NECESSITY FOR IMPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL REGULATION ON SURROGACY." In Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 22. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bbso22p1ch9.

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Surrogacy and intercountry adoption are two areas of family law that can involve multiple legal systems due to their cross-border nature. Private international law (also known as conflict of laws) provides the legal framework for these situations by addressing issues such as jurisdiction, applicable law, and recognition of foreign judgments. Surrogacy is an arrangement where a woman consents to bear and give birth to a baby on behalf of another individual or couple who will raise the child. Intercountry adoption refers to the adoption of a child from another country by a person or couple who are not citizens or residents of that nation. Private international law plays an important role in regulating surrogacy and intercountry adoption, particularly in cases where there are conflicting laws and regulations between the countries involved. It may determine which country’s laws govern the agreement or adoption, which court has jurisdiction over any disputes that arise, and how the agreement or adoption is recognized and enforced in different countries. The laws and regulations governing surrogacy and intercountry adoption vary widely between countries, and it is important to seek legal advice and guidance when considering these options. It helps to make sure that these intricate transactions are carried out in a manner that respects the rights of all parties concerned and is compliant with the legal systems of the nations involved. Concern over the potential exploitation of women and children has grown, as technology has advanced, and the practice has become more widespread. As a result, there have been multiple efforts to formulate an international convention on surrogacy. Surrogacy is a highly contentious issue that has been subject to much debate in recent years. There is an increasing need for an international convention on surrogacy to complement previous efforts on intercountry adoption. The main aim of this paper is to understand the necessities and reasons why an international convention on surrogacy is necessary, the limitations of the existing legal frameworks, and the potential benefits of such a convention. In this paper, I will examine how private international law applies to surrogacy and intercountry adoption. In order to emphasize the need for international action through setting up new international conventions. I will compare the current efforts to develop an international convention on surrogacy to previous initiatives to enhance an international convention on intercountry adoption. I will also discuss some recent surrogacy cases and problems in order to demonstrate the need for regulation. Comparison and contrast of adoption and surrogacy is then discussed, and the common criticisms of international adoption are summarized. Additionally, from a perspective of India. Finally, the conclusion and some suggestions.

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Petrovna Talimonchik, Valentina. "The Prospects for Creating Instruments for the Coordination of Activities of International Organizations in the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence." In Artificial Intelligence. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95437.

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The objective of the research is identifying the prospects for the development of instruments for coordinating the activities of international organizations on the regulation of artificial intelligence and elaborating proposals in relation to the mechanisms of cooperation of international organizations on the universal level on issues related to artificial intelligence. A complex of general scientific and philosophical methods, including the logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic-structural, problematic-theoretical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis were used in the research. In the research it was found that Action Lines of the World Summit on the Information Society are working on issues that are discussed at the AI for Good Global Summit. The activities of the World Summit on the Information Society such as ICT regulation are more general in nature while those of the AI for Good Global Summit are more special. The problem of “international institutional competition” of the two discussion platforms can be resolved by ITU’s efforts to coordinate the two discussion platforms and by supplementing the competence of UNGIS with issues of artificial intelligence. The findings can be used in activities of international organizations in execution of their functions of unification and harmonization of the international information law.

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Nogueira, Sâmara Christina Souza, Sarah Clarimar Ribeiro de Miranda, Viviane da Silva Ribeiro, et al. "An analysis of the influence of international environmental law on international relations: Whaling in the Antarctic case." In Interconnections of Knowledge: Multidisciplinary Approaches. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.010-028.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the development of International Environmental Law and its influence on international relations and legal order, based on the examination of the case involving Australia's claim against Japan before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and in which New Zealand intervened, regarding violations committed by Japan to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (International Convention For The Regulation Of Whaling – ICRW), in which the evolution and modification of the interpretation of the ICRW was verified, which initially aimed only to guarantee the whaling trade, later becoming one of the instruments for the protection of whales and the marine environment. In this sense, this article brought an analysis of the general aspects of classical international law, addressing its concept, instruments and development, as well as its development and the emergence of international environmental law. In this way, the article addressed the main elements about the Convention and the dispute between Australia and Japan, for violations of the ICRW by Japan through its scientific program called JARPA II. It also discussed the decision of the ICJ and the separate vote of the Brazilian judge Antônio Cançado Trindade, who raised the principles of International Environmental Law as possible grounds for application to the case. From there, a general analysis was carried out regarding the influence of international environmental law on International Treaties and Conventions. The methodology used was the deductive method, with a qualitative approach of bibliographic research. It was concluded that there was the development of Classical International Law to Modern International Law, promoting the genesis of International Environmental Law, and this, in turn, has been having a growing development and strengthening, including the emergence of the notion of suprahuman law. Thus, it was found that there was an increase in its scope due to the serious environmental problems that arose with the modern era. Finally, it was concluded that there is an increasing tendency for convergence and unification of general international law and international relations with the principles and norms of international environmental law.

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Conference papers on the topic "International unification of legal regulation of surrogacy"

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Nagy, Zsófia. "Comparison of Surrogacy laws of Austria, Slovakia and Ukraine." In Naděje právní vědy 2022. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2022.421-431.

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Assisted reproductive technology has introduced a large scope of medical solutions for infertile couples to found a family, however surrogacy seems to be the most debated, as it triggers many ethical and legal questions. The multicolor of legal reactions to this sensitive issue can be represented through the legislation of the three countries in the Central European region, despite the decision making ot the ECtHR and the continuously ongoing europeanization and unification of law in Europe. However, in this regard, the domestic legislation enjoys prime attention and significance, because the ECtHR approaches these cases with a relatively ,,open-mind“ by giving the member state a large margin of appreciation in their legislation of delicate topics. This carefulness of the ECtHR was represented in case of Austria, where it highlighted the importance of free discretion of the country to decide whether to constrain surrogacy or not. Austria with this validation could maintain its prohibitive legislation towards surrogacy, but could also permit certain assisted reproductive techniques. From the Slovak domestic legislation we can demonstrate how certain countries can take the path of the complete non-regulation of surrogacy methods. The lack of detailed regulation on ART, the implicit ,,ban“ on surrogacy arrangements, and the determination of motherhood on gestational basis all reflect and contribute to the conservative approach Slovakia generally demonstartes in the field of reproductive and sexual rights. One prime example of permitting legislation on surrogacy comes from Ukraine, where even commercial surrogacy has been acceptable since the 1990s. There, the domestic legislation tries to protect all the three subjects of the surrogacy arrangement, also lessens the complications when issuing the birth certificate of the child. Despite the complex legislation of ART, some key features and concepts are not taken into consideration in these laws, which may endanger the legal certainty of the parties. By examining all the three legal approaches (prohibition, permission, non-regulation) a state can chose in regulating surrogacy through the examples of Austria, Slovakia and Ukraine, we can conclude that neither of them may seem satisfactory. The lack of an European standard in this regard may cause serious inadequacies, on the other hand one shall respect the ethical and moral reasoning of the state when drafting a regulation on such a delicate issue. However, this free attitude may not be maintainable in the future, especially with the strong emergence of international surrogacy cases.

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Белоус, Сергей, and Sergey Belous. "Legal regulation of surrogacy in the Republic of Belarus." In International legal aspects of family law and protection of children's rights. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2953-195-200.

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Chen, Silin, and Tianchong Yao. "The Status Quo and Legal Regulation of Surrogacy in China." In Proceedings of the 2018 3rd International Conference on Politics, Economics and Law (ICPEL 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpel-18.2018.83.

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Vlasova, Nataliya. "The unifcation of legal regulation of representation in international commerce." In Problems of unification of private international law in contemporary world. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1215.6.

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Shestakova, Marina. "Methods and forms of unifcation of legal regulation of international sales of goods." In Problems of unification of private international law in contemporary world. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1215.3.

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Lazareva, Tat'yana. "The unifcation of legal regulation of the bank’s liabilities in the international commercial turnover." In Problems of unification of private international law in contemporary world. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1215.7.

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Khlestova, Irina. "Unifcation of legal regulation of the carrier’s liability for damage to life and health of a passenger in the conduct of international air transport." In Problems of unification of private international law in contemporary world. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1215.9.

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Kozieł, Grzegorz. "LEGAL STATUS OF ENTERPRISE IN SUCCESSION IN POLISH LAW IN THE GENERAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE NEED OF UNIFICATION OF THE REGULATION OF LEGAL STATUS OF LEGAL INSTITUTIONS NAMED IN AN IDENTICAL MANNER IN INDIVIDUAL BRANCHES OF LAW." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2019/b2/v2/08.

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I.A., Krygina, and Rybak S.V. "ECONOMIC POLICY AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL LEGISLATION IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY." In "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION". ДГТУ-Принт, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2021.115-119.

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The systemic and structural changes taking place in modern Russian legislation reflect those large-scale changes that primarily manifest the internal and external aspects of the state's integration into international integration associations, which significantly expands the scope of legal regulation not only in the economic segment of public relations, but also makes it possible to optimize legislative regulation in certain spheres of economic and economic activity. The purpose of this study is a special area of social relations, which is objectively included in the operating mechanism of management, but does not have its own independent legislative consolidation. We are talking about the so-called «economic legislation», a concept that in Russian jurisprudence is very conditional, since it is still not accepted to single out a separate subject of legal regulation in this sphere of relations in the legal and legislative doctrine. Guided by the set research goals and objectives, the authors attempt to analyze the regulatory framework of the mechanisms of integration interaction. At the same time, the author's vision of this problem is based on special tools and an approach that provide a comprehensive vision of the problem under consideration and is based on the dualism of its perception. Nevertheless, in recent years in the Russian legal science, an opinion has been increasingly expressed about the need for an integrated approach to this problem, which is justified by the objective processes of integrating the Russian economy into the global economic space and, accordingly, the unification of Russian legislation, in particular agrarian legislation, into the global regulatory framework regulatory system.

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Rep, Mojca. "POSSIBILITY OF ABUSE OR PROTECTION OF EU FINANCIAL INTERESTS IN SLOVENIA." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p14.

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The protection of the European Union's financial interests has recently been one of the main priorities in the Republic of Slovenia. Their abuse, committed with a special form of intent and a motive for acquiring illegal material gain, constitutes a criminal act. Therefore, in Slovenia the criminal act of Fraud to the detriment of the European Community was first criminalized in 2008 by the Criminal Code (hereinafter CC), and after 2012, Fraud affecting the financial interests of the European Communities. In order to combat the latter, interinstitutional cooperation is crucial at international and national level, hence European Anti-Fraud Office, Anti-fraud coordination service, the Office of the Republic of Slovenia for Budgetary Control, Government Office for European Cohesion Policy, and the newly established European Public Prosecutor's Office prosecuting perpetrators of crimes against the abuse of the European Union budget. Adoption and implementation of the Lisbon Treaty, which establishes even stronger transnational connection between the member states, provides additional measures that might take effect in previously described theme. According to the Lisbon Treaty, legal regulation in the field of Criminal Law will be enabled through Regulatives and Directives, which will lead to easier unification of the Law in this area. In addition, the European Public Prosecutor, whose primary task is to shield common financial interests, is established through the Lisbon Treaty Adoption. International standards are increasingly emphasizing the role of the Office for the Prevention of Money Laundering as an intelligence unit, which means that in future the Office will increasingly specialize in data collection and provide the competent institutions with access to it. Some provisions in this regard are already contained in the new Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act, allowing courts, prosecutors, police and Financial Administration access certain data collected by the Office, and also providing the Office with access to financial data in cases when asset status is determined. Since becoming a member of the European Union, Slovenia is entitled to European cohesion policy funds, which creates a necessity to ensure respect for principles such as legality, transparency and economy in the use of these funds. Keywords: legislation, statistics, authorities, European cohesion policy

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