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Journal articles on the topic 'International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease'
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Enarson, D. A. "The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease model National Tuberculosis Programmes." Tubercle and Lung Disease 76, no. 2 (1995): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(95)90548-0.
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Becklake, M. R. "International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD): Initiatives in non-tuberculous lung disease." Tubercle and Lung Disease 76, no. 6 (1995): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(95)90524-3.
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Billo, Nils, José Luis Castro, Sinéad Jones, et al. "The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: past, present and future." International Health 1, no. 2 (2009): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inhe.2009.09.001.
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Watson, J. "Improved surveillance of tuberculosis." Eurosurveillance 5, no. 4 (2000): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.05.04.00035-en.
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In 1996 a consensus statement on the surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe, recommended the collection of data on all cases of tuberculosis at the local level. The statement, backed by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, the Wo
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Murray, J. F. "The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: its contribution to world lung health." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151, no. 6 (1995): 1697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767509.
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Phypers, Melissa D., Linda Panaro, and Penny Nault. "Tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada, 1998 to 2000." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 3 (2001): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/148487.
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The emergence of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to TB prevention and control efforts. A recent study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease found strains of TB resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs in all countries surveyed (1). The WHO estimates that 50 million people are infected with strains of drug-resistant TB (2).
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Gradmann, Christoph. "Treatment on Trial: Tanzania’s National Tuberculosis Program, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the Road to DOTS, 1977-1991." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 74, no. 3 (2019): 316–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrz029.
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Abstract Tanzania's national tuberculosis control program, created in 1977, is credited with having been the main inspiration for the World Health Organization's Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) strategy for the control of tuberculosis, which was implemented from 1994. The text focuses on what previously took place in Tanzanian tuberculosis control between 1977 and the early 1990s. What was it that the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, which was central in the effort, assisted in creating? In what sense was the program innovative? How could a country whose health system was destroyed by a deepening economic crisis in the 1980s become a lighthouse of tuberculosis control? How much consideration was given to the rise of HIV/AIDS that occurred in parallel? The paper proposes answers to these questions, and suggests that we should see the creation of the Tanzanian program as a laboratory of nascent global health.
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Glusica, Dobrislav, and Branislav Djuric. "The role of the Brezovik hospital in education of health professionals on the implementation of directly observed treatment strategy." Medical review 60, no. 9-10 (2007): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0710453g.
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Introduction. In 2003, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) reported that tuberculosis is increasing globally more than ever in the history of mankind. Thus, tuberculosis is one of the major health problems of the twenty-first century. Implementation of DOTS strategy. Directly Observed Therapy Short-Course (DOTS) is the WHO's strategy for tuberculosis control. All HBCs (High-burden Countries) have a strategic plan for DOTS expansion for the next five years. The DOTS strategy is included in the country?s basic package of health-care services. With the introduction of the DOTS strategy in late 1990s, the surveillance was improved, although the 2003 estimate of 53% DOTS coverage is probably optimistic. The role of the Brezovik Hospital in the National TB Program. The Special Hospital for lung diseases Brezovik is the main regional hospital for tuberculosis treatment in Montenegro, and the place where the DOTS strategy is being implemented. Conclusion. The Special Hospital for lung diseases Brezovik plays a very important role in education of health care professionals. .
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Dara, M., S. S. Chadha, N. V. Melchers, et al. "Time to act to prevent and control tuberculosis among inmates [Official Statement of The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease]." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 17, no. 1 (2013): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0909.
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Held, K., S. McAnaw, C.-Y. Chiang, A. Trebucq, and C. R. Horsburgh. "Progress in global rollout of new multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatments." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 23, no. 9 (2019): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0826.
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SETTING: The global multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) epidemic has grown over the past decade and continues to be difficult to manage. In response, new drugs and treatment regimens have been recommended.OBJECTIVE: In 2017 and again in 2018, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) drug-resistant (DR) TB Working Group collaborated with RESIST-TB to implement an internet survey to members of The Union around the world to assess access to these new treatment strategies.DESIGN: A nine-question survey was developed using SurveyMonkey®. The survey was open for participation to all members of The Union registered under the TB Section. Two reminders were sent during each survey. The responses were analyzed taking into account the WHO Region to which the respondent belonged.RESULTS: The 2018 survey showed a global increase in implementation of the shorter (9-month) MDR-TB regimen (from 33% to 56% of respondents, P < 0.001) and an increase in the use of bedaquiline and/or delamanid (from 25% to 41% of respondents, P < 0.001) compared to 2017. There were substantial variations in roll-out between WHO regions.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate improvement in global implementation of the new treatment strategies over a 1-year period.
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Aziz, Mohamed Abdel, and Abigail Wright. "The World Health Organization/International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Global Project on Surveillance for Anti‐Tuberculosis Drug Resistance: A Model for Other Infectious Diseases." Clinical Infectious Diseases 41, s4 (2005): S258—S262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/430786.
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Jelińska, Anna, Marianna Zając, Adrianna Dadej, Szymon Tomczak, Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz, and Izabela Muszalska-Kolos. "Tuberculosis - Present Medication and Therapeutic Prospects." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 4 (2020): 630–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666181120100025.
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has been present in the history of human civilization since time immemorial and has caused more deaths than any other infectious disease. It is still considered one of the ten most common epidemiologic causes of death in the world. As a transmissible disease, it is initiated by rod-shaped (bacillus) mycobacteria. The management of tuberculosis became possible owing to several discoveries beginning in 1882 with the isolation of the TB bacillus by Robert Koch. The diagnosis of TB was enabled by finding a staining method for TB bacteria identification (1883). It was soon realized that a large-scale policy for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis was necessary, which resulted in the foundation of International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (1902). An antituberculosis vaccine was developed in 1921 and has been in therapeutic use since then. TB treatment regimens have changed over the decades and the latest recommendations are known as Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS, WHO 1993). Methods: A search of bibliographic databases was performed for peer-reviewed research literature. A focused review question and inclusion criteria were applied. Standard tools were used to assess the quality of retrieved papers. Results: A total of 112 papers were included comprising original publications and reviews. The paper overviews anti-TB drugs according to their mechanism of action. The chemical structure, metabolism and unwanted effects of such drugs have been discussed. The most recent treatment regimens and new drugs, including those in clinical trials, are also presented. Conclusion: Despite a 22% decrease in the tuberculosis fatality rate observed between 2000 and 2015, the disease remains one of the ten prime causes of death worldwide. Increasing bacterial resistance and expensive, prolonged therapies are the main reasons for efforts to find effective drugs or antituberculosis regimens, especially to cure multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Kassam, Narmin, Anne Fanning, Jose Ramon Cruz, and Alejandro Tardencilla. "Outcome of Tuberculosis Treatment: A Comparison between Alberta and Nicaragua." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 11, no. 2 (2000): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/831067.
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OBJECTIVE: To measure the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in a low incidence, high income region, Alberta, and compare with an intermediate incidence, low income country with a model national tuberculosis program, Nicaragua.DESIGN: All 1992 sputum smear-positive pulmonary cases from both regions were included. Treatment outcome was assigned retrospectively to Alberta cases according to the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases' (IUATLD) criteria of cure, failure, transfer, absconder and death.SETTING: Alberta laboratories are required to report allMycobacterium tuberculosiscultures to Alberta provincial tuberculosis services. Nicaragua cases are reported centrally to the Programa de control de tuberculosis in Managua using the IUATLD criteria.MAIN RESULTS: In Alberta, 222 tuberculosis cases were identified, of which 61 were smear positive. Nicaragua had 1552 smear positive cases of 2885 tuberculosis cases. Alberta's outcomes were 82% cured, no failed treatment, 5% absconded, 2% transferred and 11% died; Nicaragua's outcomes were 77% cured, 2% failed, 13% absconded, 5% transferred and 4% died. There was no significant difference in cure rates between Alberta and Nicaragua, P=0.33.CONCLUSIONS: Treatment outcomes can be measured effectively and reported in high income, low incidence settings. Alberta is achieving comparable cure rates with the Nicaraguan national tuberculosis program.
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Nahid, Payam, Susan E. Dorman, Narges Alipanah, et al. "Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 63, no. 7 (2016): e147-e195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw376.
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Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.
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Nahid, Payam, Susan E. Dorman, Narges Alipanah, et al. "Executive Summary: Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 63, no. 7 (2016): 853–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw566.
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Abstract The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy), regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent), treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy), as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better-tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full-text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.
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Triandini, Nova, Dyana Eka Hadiati, Usep Abdullah Husin, Tjoekra Roekmantara, and Sadeli Masria. "Hubungan Hasil Pemeriksaan Sputum Basil Tahan Asam dengan Gambaran Luas Lesi Radiologi Tuberkulosis Paru di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung." Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains 1, no. 1 (2019): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v1i1.4329.
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Tuberkulosis (TB) sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, walaupun upaya pengendalian strategi directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) telah diterapkan di banyak negara. Masalah yang dihadapi di negara maju maupun negara berkembang adalah keterlambatan mendiagnosis TB paru. Keterlambatan dalam diagnosis dan pengobatan TB paru dapat berasal dari pasien atau dari sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam (BTA) menurut International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) dengan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pada pasien TB paru dewasa di Rumah Sakit Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret–Juni tahun 2018 dan subjek penelitian ini data pasien tuberkulosis paru di RS Al Islam dengan minimal sampel sebanyak 76 orang yang dipilih secara purposive sampling dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa rekam medis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BTA negatif dengan lesi minimal 21 dari 34, BTA+1 dengan lesi minimal 18 dari 23, BTA +2 dengan lesi moderately advanced 14 dari 21, dan BTA +3 lesi far advanced 16 dari 23. Hasil analisis Fisher’s Exact didapatkan nilai p=0.00 dengan kekuatan korelasi (rho) 0,51. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan cukup erat antara hasil pemeriksaan sputum basil tahan asam dan gambaran luas lesi radiologi pasien tuberculosis paru di RS Al Islam Bandung periode 2016–2017.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPUTUM EXAMINATION RESULTS OF ACID FAST BACILLI AND EXTENT OF RADIOLOGICAL LESIONS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AT AL ISLAM HOSPITAL BANDUNGTuberculosis (TB) is still a public health problem in the world, although direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy control has been implemented in many countries. The problem faced in both developed and developing countries is the delay in diagnosing pulmonary TB. The delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB can come from the patient or from the health care system. The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between sputum examination results of acid fast bacilli (AFB) according to International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and extent of radiological lesions in patients with adult pulmonary TB at Al Islam Hospital Bandung from 2016–2017. This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted in March–June of 2018 and the subjects of this study were pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Al Islam Hospital with a minimum of 76 samples selected by purposive sampling and meeting inclusion criteria. Instrument data collection in the form of medical record. The results showed AFB negative with minimal lesion 21 of 24, AFB + 1 with minimal lesion 18 of 23, AFB +2 with moderately advanced lesions 14 of 21, and AFB +3 far advanced lesions 14 of 23. Fisher’s exact analysis results obtained p=0.00 with correlation power (rho) 0.51. In conclution that there is a sufficiently close relationship between the results of examination of acid fast bacilli sputum and an extend of radiological lung tuberculosis patients in RS Al Islam Bandung from 2016–2017.
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Schwobel, V., C. S. B. Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, M.-L. Moro, et al. "Standardization of antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance in EuropeRecommendations of a World Health Organization (WHO) and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) Working Group." European Respiratory Journal 16, no. 2 (2000): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16b28.x.
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Schwbel, V., C. S. B. Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, M.-L. Moro, et al. "Standardization of antituberculosis drug resistance surveillance in Europe Recommendations of a World Health Organization (WHO) and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) Working Group." European Respiratory Journal 16, no. 2 (2000): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00.16236400.
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Skodric-Trifunovic, Vesna. "New insights into transmission of tuberculosis." Medical review 57, no. 11-12 (2004): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0412561s.
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Introduction Considering the fact that tuberculosis is a global problem, that one third of the world population is infected with tuberculosis and that 8-10 million of newly recognized cases are detected per year, the need for acquiring new knowledge on pathogenesis and transmission of tuberculosis becomes obvious. Application of molecular biology methods in clinico-epidemiology practice has identified transmission chain of tuberculous bacilli in numerous intrahospital outbreaks of tuberculosis. Conditions favoring transsmition of tuberculous The possibility of transmission primarily depends on the following conditions: contagiousness of the patient who is a source of infection, conditions in which the exposure takes place, length of exposure, as well as the immune status of the exposed individual. Risk factors for transsmition of tuberculosis Unrecognized, i.e., untreated tuberculosis represents a major risk factor for environmental spread of the bacillus. Therefore, early diagnosis and initiation of adequate therapy are priority tasks. High risk of tuberculous bacilli transmission is associated with all diagnostic and therapeutic procedures inducing cough, such as bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, induction of sputum, inhalation therapy as well as work in microbiological laboratories dealing with identification of M. tuberculosis. Discussion Results of numerous studies indicate that there is significant risk for transmission and infection of individuals exposed to the source of infection in family settings, work environment or other close contacts. The problem of exposure of health workers at their workplaces represents a problem in institutions dealing with diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion A more comprehensive insight into significance of the problem and application of measures aimed at preventing transmission of tuberculosis sholud lead to practical application of preventive measures proposed by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, in both hospital and non-hospital environments.
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Task Force of ERS, WHO and the Europe Region of IUATLD, G. b. Migliori, M. c. Raviglione, et al. "Tuberculosis management in EuropeRecommendations of a Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) Europe Region." European Respiratory Journal 14, no. 4 (1999): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14d43.x.
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Afridi, NK, S. Fatima, S. Khan, and B. Thapa. "Adherence of the NTP to DOTS recommended defaulters tracing mechanism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 9, no. 1 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6958.
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Introduction: Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem worldwide. Pakistan is one of the few countries with extremely high tuberculosis (TB) incidence and ranks sixth among the 22 high TB burden countries. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) advocate the use of DOTS strategy to control tuberculosis. The study aimed to determine the adherence of DOTS facilitators and treatment supporters to the defaulter tracing mechanisms in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methodology: A Cross Sectional study was conducted in fi ve districts Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 200 participants were included in the study of which 150 were DOTS facilitators and 50 were treatment supporters. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to the participants. Five randomly districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were selected out of the total of 24 districts and from each district 10 health facilities were then chosen. The DOTS facilitator and treatment supporters attached to these health facilities were interviewed. Two Focus Group Discussions were also held from a group of defaulted patients. Results: The study showed that 90% of the health facilities did not have desk guides and 82% of the treatment supporters did not receive training in DOTS strategy. The reasons of defaulting mentioned by DOTS defaulters in the Focus Group Discussion were lack of defaulter tracing mechanism that approach them and health education regarding the hazards of treatment interruption. Conclusion: The study is very signifi cant as it highlights the deficiencies in implementation of DOTS tracing mechanism. The findings of the study could be of help to national as well as provincial tuberculosis programme. The main recommendation is to provide training to treatment supporters in DOTS strategy and to update guidelines for defaulter tracing. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS 2012; IX (1) 1-7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v9i1.6958
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Migliori, G. B., M. C. Raviglione, T. Schaberg, et al. "Tuberculosis management in Europe Recommendations of a Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) Europe Region." European Respiratory Journal 14, no. 4 (1999): 978–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.99.14497899.
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BURNEY, P. G. J., S. CHINN, J. R. BRITTON, A. E. TATTERSFIELD, and A. O. PAPACOSTA. "What Symptoms Predict the Bronchial Response to Histamine? Evaluation in a Community Survey of The Bronchial Symptoms Questionnaire (1984) of The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease." International Journal of Epidemiology 18, no. 1 (1989): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/18.1.165.
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Iskandar, Andi Ishak, Mukramin Amran, and Lutfiah Sahabuddin. "ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KETIDAK SEMBUHAN PASIEN TB DENGAN METODE DOTS DI PALU." Medika Alkhairaat : Jurnal Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 2, no. 2 (2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31970/ma.v2i2.50.
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Tuberculosis paru adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang merupakan basil tahan asam, sehingga bakteri ini dapat bertahan hidup berbulan-bulan di luar tubuh manusia. WHO dan International Union Agains Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) telah mengembangkan strategi penanggulangan TB yang dikenal sebagai strategi Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse chemotheraphy (DOTS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidak sembuhan pasien TB dengan metode DOT di Puskesmas Palu pada tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi observasional dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Pengumpukan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara langsung pada penderita tuberkulosis paru. Dari 82 sampel yang terdiri dari 41 orang kelompok pasien TB Sembuh dan 41 orang kelompok pasien TB tidak sembuh yang berobat di wilayah kerja puskesmas terpilih selama 11 November – 30 Januari 2016. Penelitian ini menunjukkan : (1) Distribusi penderita didapatkan terbanyak untuk status gizi kurang (52,4%), (2) pengetahuan yang buruk (53,7%), (3) akses ke puskesmas dengan jarak jauh (58,5%), (4) peran PMO yang buruk (47,0%), dan (5) tersedianya OAT di Puskesmas (100%). Hasil analisa chi square didapatkan hasil faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketidak sembuhan pasien TB yaitu faktor status gizi (p value 0,015) dan faktor pengetahuan (p value 0,002). Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan daktor status gizi dan faktor pengetahuan dengan ketidak sembuhan pasien TB.
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Eliseev, P. I., А. Detjen, R. Dacombe, P. Phillips, S. B. Squire, and А. O. Мaryandyshev. "The Use of Molecular Genetic Diagnostic Tests to Improve MDR TB Treatment Outcomes in Arkhangelsk Region." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 99, no. 8 (2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2021-99-8-21-26.
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The use of molecular genetic tests as a part of tuberculosis patients examination made it possible to reduce the time for TB diagnosis and determination of drug resistance (DR) of M. tuberculosis (MTB) in Arkhangelsk Region. Early detection of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) made it possible to prescribe the adequate chemotherapy regimen promptly and thus to improve treatment outcomes.The objective of the study: to evaluate the results of treatment of MDR TB patients in whom MDR TB was diagnosed by molecular genetic tests. It was assumed that the introduction of molecular genetic tests would result in improved treatment outcomes in MDR TB patients [(the research project of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis Control Program of Arkhangelsk Region of the PROVE-IT LPA (Policy Relevant Outcomes from Validating Evidence on Impact of Line Probe Assays)].Subjects: 295 MDR TB patients detected in Arkhangelsk Region were enrolled in the study. MDR TB was detected by molecular genetic tests in the main group (132 patients) and by culture in the control group (163 patients). Patients from both groups received the standard chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy outcomes were compared in both groups.Results. Treatment outcomes were better in the group (MGT group) where molecular genetic tests were used for drug susceptibility testing (p = 0.003) versus the comparison group where the culture was used. Effective treatment was documented more frequently (65.2%) in the MGT group versus the comparison group (44.8%). All-cause mortality was lower in the MGT group (7.6%) than in the comparison group (15.9%). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the time when sputum conversion (by smear and culture) was achieved.
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Jackson-Morris, Angela, and Ehsan Latif. "Index of tobacco control sustainability (ITCS): a tool to measure the sustainability of national tobacco control programmes." Tobacco Control 26, no. 2 (2016): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052799.
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ObjectiveTo produce a tool to assess and guide sustainability of national tobacco control programmes.MethodA two-stage process adapting the Delphi and Nominal group techniques. A series of indicators of tobacco control sustainability were identified in grantee/country advisor reports to The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease under the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Control (2007–2015). Focus groups and key informant interviews in seven low and middle-income countries (52 government and civil society participants) provided consensus ratings of the indicators’ relative importance. Data were reviewed and the indicators were accorded relative weightings to produce the ‘Index of Tobacco Control Sustainability’ (ITCS).ResultsAll 31 indicators were considered ‘Critical’ or ‘Important’ by the great majority of participants. There was consensus that a tool to measure progress towards tobacco control sustainability was important. The most critical indicators related to financial policies and allocations, a national law, a dedicated national tobacco control unit and civil society tobacco control network, a national policy against tobacco industry ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR), national mortality and morbidity data, and national policy evaluation mechanisms.ConclusionsThe 31 indicators were agreed to be ‘critical’ or ‘important’ factors for tobacco control sustainability. The Index comprises the weighted indicators as a tool to identify aspects of national tobacco control programmes requiring further development to augment their sustainability and to measure and compare progress over time. The next step is to apply the ITCS and produce tobacco control sustainability assessments.
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Quist-Therson, Rita, Desmond Kuupiel, and Khumbulani Hlongwana. "Mapping evidence on the implementation of the WHO’s collaborative framework for the management of tuberculosis and diabetes: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (2020): e033341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033341.
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IntroductionThe emergence of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) coepidemic threatens the gains made in fighting the prevalence of these two diseases. As a result, in 2011, WHO and the International Union Against Lung Disease launched a framework to address the growing TB-DM coepidemic across the world. The aim of the proposed review study is mapping evidence on the implementation of the WHO collaborative framework for the management of TB-DM using a scoping review.Methodology and analysisThis study will map literature on the global implementation of the WHO collaborative framework for the management of TB-DM, using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. An extensive literature search for the peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, unpublished studies, thesis, studies in the press and a list of references from the selected studies will be conducted to find eligible studies. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, the EBSCOhost platform (Academic search complete, health source: nursing/academic edition, CINAHL with full text) and the WHO library will be used to source literature. The researcher will perform title screening of articles using keywords in the databases, and two independent reviewers will then screen abstracts and full articles. The screening will be guided by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool V.2018 will be used to examine the quality of studies to be included. The findings will be analysed using the thematic content analysis approach and the results presented in the form of a narrative report.Ethics and disseminationThe study did not require ethics approval because it is a scoping review protocol. Findings from this study will be disseminated by print and electronic mediums.
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Triyani, Yani, Ida Parwati, I. Sjahid, and J. E. Gunawan. "PERALIHAN (KONVERSI) SPUTUM BTA ANTARA PEMBERIAN DOSIS BAKU (STANDAR) DAN TINGGI RIFAMPICIN PADA PENGOBATAN (TERAPI) ANTI TUBERKULOSIS KELOMPOK (KATEGORI) I." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 14, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v14i1.917.
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Acid fast bacilli (AFB) sputum microscopy is used as a diagnostic tool of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in TB eradication program with directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy. The AFB sputum microscopy should be performed before treatment,two months after intensive phase and four months after advance phase treatment. This study is a part of a research to compare thestandard (450 mg) and high (600 mg) rifampicin dose in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. The aim of this studywas to detect the sputum conversion time of AFB in pulmonary TB patients who obtained category I antituberculous treatment with standard dose compared to one who received high dose of rifampicin at the beginning and at the end of the intensive phase. This AFB sputum microscopy have been performed from September 2003 until August 2005 from 85 pulmonary TB patients every two weeksusing Ziehl Neelsen and read by means of International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) scale, in PoliklinikParu Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru-paru and Department of Internal Medicine RS. Dr. Hasan Sadikin. Patients with pulmonary TBwho obtained category I antituberculous treatment of the intensive phase were divided randomly double blind into two groups, usingstatistical analysis by Page test for order alternative and Mann Whitney test. After randomization, there were 52 patients who receivedstandard dose and 33 patients who had high dose of rifampicin. Sputum conversions of AFB on week 2, 4, 6, and 8 were 36.1%, 63.9%,75%, and 91.7% for standard dose group. Sputum conversions of AFB on week 2, 4, 6, and 8 were 46.2%, 80.8%, 80.8%, and 84.6%for high dose group. Sputum conversion of AFB for high dose group were faster than standard dose group (p=0.030). Dropout (DO)patients were 5.9% (5/85) and no sputum conversion of AFB on week 8 was 8.3% and 15.4% for standard dose group and high dosegroup of rifampicin, respectively. Sputum conversions of AFB for high dose group were found significant more quickly than standarddose group of rifampicin statistically.
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Hossain, Md Imam, Masum Parvez, Fatama Tous Zohora, Md Shariful Islam, and Luthfunnesa Bari. "Prevalence of asthmatic respiratory complications among the rural community of Tangail area in Bangladesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 4 (2018): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181204.
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Background: Asthmatic respiratory complications appear to be a notable public health consequence and associated with mortality, morbidity and economic burden worldwide. Globally several epidemiological studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of asthmatic respiratory complications. As far our knowledge very few population based study have been conducted in Bangladesh to assess the magnitude of asthmatic respiratory complications focusing the rural community. Therefore the study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of asthma and related respiratory complications in the rural community of Tangail area in Bangladesh.Methods: This human population based cross-sectional survey study was conducted during the period of August to December 2016 on some villagers of Tangail area in Bangladesh using a pre-standardized questionnaires called "IUATLD -1984 bronchial symptoms questionnaires", designed by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD). The demographic data of the study subjects were collected by interviewing the subjects and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The results demonstrated that a substantial proportion of study subjects showed the main characteristic symptoms of asthma i.e., wheeze last 12 months is about 18.27%, shortness of breath (SOB) without strenuous work were 21.84%, nocturnal SOB 14.70%, morning cough 13.26%, nocturnal cough 17.25% and morning phlegm 10.37%. Overall 9.69% of the subjects were found to be asthmatic. Female study subjects showed more asthmatic complications than male subjects and in the higher aged group asthmatic symptoms were more prevalent.Conclusions: Among the study subjects, asthmatic complications were found to be substantial. Further clinical study is necessary to confirm the findings.
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Kar, Sonali, Ipsa Mohapatra, and Amrita Konar. "Epidemiologic Correlates of Chronic Respiratory Infections in Adults an Urban Slum of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 4 (2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n4p64.
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<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> Urbanization is marked by emergence of slum areas, wherein migrants from the nearby villages stay in temporary establishments for seeking avenues of employment. These dwellings lack most of the essential living conditions like safe water, healthy living conditions and access to health services. This population is also vulnerable to social evils like alcohol and tobacco addiction. KIMS, a medical college in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India has an Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) that caters to a slum population of nearly 12,000 population for their primary health needs. Out of the monthly average of 200 patients /day, it is observed that respiratory symptoms complaints were highest both among the young and adults. Hence the study was conceived with the following objectives.</p><p><strong>AIMS &amp; OBJECTIVES:</strong> To assess the cumulative prevalence of Chronic Respiratory Infections and prevalence of specific respiratory symptoms in urban slum population along with a gender break up.</p><p>To assess the association between the living conditions, tobacco use with the respiratory manifestations if any.</p><p><strong>METHODOLOGY:</strong> A house to house survey was done wherein all population aged 20-64years were interviewed using a pretested predesigned questionnaire adapted from questionnaire used in International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) study. Given the prevalence of nearly 4%, with 95% CI and a relative error of 20%, the optimum sample is considered to be nearly 400. For the study Chronic Respiratory Infections (CRI) was defined as reporting of 3 or more episodes of some specific common respiratory symptoms in last one year or a diagnosed case of asthma/COPD, warranting medical treatment.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The cumulative prevalence for CRI was seen as 11.7%, dry cough being the most common complaint ie 23.25% in both sexes. Smoking (both men and women), overcrowding and history of TB were seen as positive predictors of the disease. Use of wood or kerosene in case of women gave an OR of 6.1 times for manifestation of the disease.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Chronic Respiratory Illness is a major burden for slum dwellers and they should be educated against the risk factors and take appropriate precautions to safeguard against the illness. </p>
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Mulu, Andargachew, and Afework Kassu. "Assessment of physical conditions and current practice in laboratories carrying out sputum smear microscopy in Northwest Ethiopia." Tropical Doctor 35, no. 4 (2005): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947505774938774.
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A cross-sectional study was conducted in Northwestern Ethiopia involving 18 health-care institutes in August 2003 to assess the physical conditions and current laboratory practice, pertaining to handling sputum specimens in the health-care laboratories carrying out sputum smear microscopy. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information. The laboratories had an area of less than 25 m2. None of them had separate rooms or safety cabinets for sputum smear preparation. Only three laboratories used facemasks. QJ;Decontamination of sputum specimens prior to disposal was reported in only two. Incineration as a means of sputum specimen disposal was used in only six laboratories. The physical conditions of the laboratories were found below the standard set by the International Union Against Tuberculoses and Lung Diseases. A large number of sputum specimens continue to be handled, despite the poor conditions and procedures in all the healthcare laboratories. Laboratory safety standards need to be improved, to minimize the risk of infection. In addition, there is an urgent need for education, training and supervision of the staff involved in sputum microscopy.
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Zuñiga, Joaquin, Diana Torres-García, Teresa Santos-Mendoza, Tatiana S. Rodriguez-Reyna, Julio Granados, and Edmond J. Yunis. "Cellular and Humoral Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Tuberculosis." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/193923.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection is a major international public health problem. One-third of the world's population is thought to have latent tuberculosis, a condition where individuals are infected by the intracellular bacteria without active disease but are at risk for reactivation, if their immune system fails. Here, we discuss the role of nonspecific inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines and chemokines induced by interaction of innate receptors expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). We also review current information regarding the importance of several cytokines including IL-17/IL-23 in the development of protective cellular and antibody-mediated protective responses against Mtb and their influence in containment of the infection. Finally, in this paper, emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of failure of Mtb control, including the immune dysregulation induced by the treatment with biological drugs in different autoimmune diseases. Further functional studies, focused on the mechanisms involved in the early host-Mtb interactions and the interplay between host innate and acquired immunity against Mtb, may be helpful to improve the understanding of protective responses in the lung and in the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic tools in TB.
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Flieder, Douglas B. "Commonly Encountered Difficulties in Pathologic Staging of Lung Cancer." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 7 (2007): 1016–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1016-cedips.
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Abstract Context.—Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite technological, therapeutic, and scientific advances, most patients present with incurable disease and a poor chance of long-term survival. For those with potentially curable disease, lung cancer staging greatly influences therapeutic decisions. Therefore, surgical pathologists determine many facets of lung cancer patient care. Objective.—To present the current lung cancer staging system and examine the importance of mediastinal lymph node sampling, and also to discuss particularly confusing and/or challenging areas in lung cancer staging, including assessment of visceral pleura invasion, bronchial and carinal involvement, and the staging of synchronous carcinomas. Data Sources.—Published current and prior staging manuals from the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union Against Cancer as well as selected articles pertaining to lung cancer staging and diagnosis accessible through PubMed (National Library of Medicine) form the basis of this review. Conclusions.—Proper lung cancer staging requires more than a superficial appreciation of the staging system. Clinically relevant specimen gross examination and histologic review depend on a thorough understanding of the staging guidelines. Common sense is also required when one is confronted with a tumor specimen that defies easy assignment to the TNM staging system.
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Fandi, Abderrahim, Mounir Bachouchi, Nacer Azli, et al. "Long-Term Disease-Free Survivors in Metastatic Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Nasopharyngeal Type." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 6 (2000): 1324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.6.1324.
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PURPOSE: To review incidence and analyze profile of long-term complete responders among patients with undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (UCNT) treated at a single institution.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We present a cohort of 20 long-term unmaintained complete responders to chemotherapy for metastatic UCNT treated at the Institut Gustave Roussy between April 1978 and November 1996. A patient was considered a long-term survivor if he or she was disease-free for more than 36 months without treatment after obtaining a complete response by chemotherapy. Patient characteristics were as follows: sex, 17 men and three women; median age, 28 years (range, 9 to 62 years); median World Health Organization performance status, 1; and initial tumor-node-metastasis stage (International Union Against Cancer–American Joint Committee on Cancer, 1987) of T3 to T4, 60%, and of N2b to N3, 75%. Epstein-Barr virus serology was characteristic in 19 patients. Of 16 pretreated patients, 11 were pretreated by radiotherapy alone and five by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thirteen patients had metastatic relapses of locally controlled UCNT. Tumor sites were bone in 15 patients, lung in four, and liver (biopsy-proven) in two. Chemotherapy included the following: cisplatin, bleomycin, and fluorouracil in five patients; bleomycin, epirubicin, and cisplatin in seven patients; fluorouracil, mitomycin, epirubicin, and cisplatin in four patients; and fluorouracil, bleomycin, epirubicin, and cisplatin in one patient. Three patients were treated with platinum-based regimens before 1985. Patients received a median of six cycles (range, three to 13). Thirteen patients with bone metastases received consolidating radiotherapy.RESULTS: As of June 1999, 14 of 20 patients were still alive with no evidence of disease after treatment (disease-free survival time, 82+ to 190+ months), three patients died of other causes while in complete response at 61, 109, and 208 months after treatment, and three patients died of disease at 42, 89, and 115 months after treatment. Long-term complete responses were obtained in both bone and visceral disease.CONCLUSION: Our data support a curative role for chemotherapy in metastatic UCNT and are a major incentive to continue research for better combinations to increase the percentage of patients with metastatic UCNT who attain complete responses and long-term survival.
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Becker, Klaus. "Health Effects of High Radon Environments in Central Europe: Another Test for the LNT Hypothesis?" Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, Medicine 1, no. 1 (2003): 154014203908444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401420390844447.
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Among the various “natural laboratories” of high natural or technical enhanced natural radiation environments in the world such as Kerala (India), Brazil, Ramsar (Iran), etc., the areas in and around the Central European Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) in the southern parts of former East Germany, but also including parts of Thuringia, northern Bohemia (now Czech Republic), and northeastern Bavaria, are still relatively little known internationally. Although this area played a central role in the history of radioactivity and radiation effects on humans over centuries, most of the valuable earlier results have not been published in English or quotable according to the current rules in the scientific literature and therefore are not generally known internationally. During the years 1945 to 1989, this area was one of the world's most important uranium mining areas, providing the former Soviet Union with 300,000 tons of uranium for its military programs. Most data related to health effects of radon and other carcinogenic agents on miners and residents became available only during the years after German reunification. Many of the studies are still unpublished, or more or less internal reports. By now, substantial studies have been performed on the previously unavailable data about the miners and the population, providing valuable insights that are, to a large degree, in disagreement with the opinion of various international bodies assuming an increase of lung cancer risk in the order of 10% for each 100 Bq/m3 (or doubling for 1000 Bq/m3), even for small residential radon concentrations. At the same time, other studies focusing on never-smokers show little or no effects of residential radon exposures. Experiments in medical clinics using radon on a large scale as a therapeutic against various rheumatic and arthritic disease demonstrated in randomized double-blind studies the effectiveness of such treatments. The main purpose of this review is to critically examine, including some historical references, recent results primarily in three areas, namely the possible effects of the inhalation of very high radon concentrations on miners; the effect of increased residential radon concentrations on the population; and the therapeutic use of radon. With many of the results still evolving and/or under intense discussion among the experts, more evidence is emerging that radon, which has been inhaled at extremely high concentrations in the multimillion Bq/m3 range by many of older miners (however, with substantial confounders, and large uncertainties in retrospective dosimetry), was perhaps an important but not the dominating factor for an increase in lung cancer rates. Other factors such as smoking, inhalation of quartz and mineral dust, arsenic, nitrous gases, etc. are likely to be more serious contributors to increased miner lung cancer rates. An extrapolation of miner data to indoor radon situations is not feasible. Concerning indoor radon studies, the by far dominating effect of smoking on the lung cancer incidence makes the results of some studies, apparently showing a positive dose-response relationship, questionable. According to recent studies in several countries, there are no, or beneficial, residential radon effects below about 600 to 1000 Bq/m3 (the extensive studies in the U.S., in particular by B. Cohen, and the discussions about these data, will not be part of this review, because they have already been discussed in detail in the U.S. literature). As a cause of lung cancer, radon seems to rank — behind active and passive smoking, and probably also air pollution in densely populated and/or industrial areas (diesel exhaust soot, etc.) — as a minor contributor in cases of extremely high residential radon levels, combined with heavy smoking of the residents. As demonstrated in an increasing number of randomized double-blind clinical studies for various painful inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatism, arthritic problems, and Morbus Bechterew, radon treatments are beneficial, with the positive effect lasting until at least 6 months after the normally 3-week treatment by inhalation or bathes. Studies on the mechanism of these effects are progressing. In other cases of extensive use of radon treatment for a wide spectrum of various diseases, for example, in the former Soviet Union, the positive results are not so well established. However, according to a century of radon treatment experience (after millenniums of unknown radon therapy), in particular in Germany and Austria, the positive medical effects for some diseases far exceed any potential detrimental health effects. The total amount of available data in this field is too large to be covered in a brief review. Therefore, less known — in particular recent — work from Central Europe has been analyzed in an attempt to summarize new developments and trends. This includes cost/benefit aspects of radon reduction programs. As a test case for the LNT (linear non-threshold) hypothesis and possible biopositive effects of low radiation exposures, the data support a nonlinear human response to low and medium-level radon exposures.
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Karmali, Reem, Hagop Youssoufian, Kam Sprott, et al. "A Phase 2, Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Arm Study Comparing 2 Intermittent Dosing Schedules of Duvelisib in Patients with Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (iNHL) (TEMPO)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 5251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124406.
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Background Duvelisib, an oral dual PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ inhibitor, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) after ≥ 2 prior systemic therapies. In multiple phase 1-3 studies that included patients with iNHL, duvelisib was shown to be efficacious, with a favorable risk-benefit profile. This study will evaluate whether duvelisib efficacy at the approved 25 mg twice daily (BID) dose can be achieved and maintained with an acceptable or improved safety profile by the inclusion of prespecified 2-week drug holidays in patients with R/R iNHL. Study Design and Methods TEMPO is a randomized, open-label, multicenter, international, phase 2 study of duvelisib in adult patients with R/R iNHL in whom ≥ 1 line of prior therapy has failed. The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of duvelisib administered with prescribed drug holidays, with the primary endpoint of overall response rate (ORR) by the 2007 revised International Working Group criteria. Key secondary endpoints include ORR by the 2014 Lugano criteria, progression-free survival, overall survival, time to treatment failure, duration of response, lymph node response rate, time to the first response, adverse event profile, and determination of pharmacokinetics parameters. Exploratory objectives include assessment of quality of life and biomarkers of treatment response and toxicity. Key inclusion criteria include histologically confirmed FL grades 1 to 3a, marginal zone lymphoma (splenic, nodal, or extranodal) or small lymphocytic lymphoma, radiological evidence of disease progression and ≥ 1 bidimensionally measurable lesion ≥ 1.5 cm, adequate organ function, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 2. Key exclusion criteria include prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant; previous treatment with a PI3K inhibitor; history of drug-induced colitis or drug-induced pneumonitis; ongoing treatment for systemic infection; central nervous system NHL; prolonged QT interval; history of tuberculosis treatment within the 2 past years; history of stroke, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or ventricular arrhythmia requiring medication or mechanical control within the past 6 months; history of or concurrent interstitial lung disease of any severity and/or severely impaired lung function; ongoing treatment with chronic immunosuppressants; and any unstable or severe uncontrolled medical condition. A total of 102 patients are planned to be enrolled. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to 2 arms and stratified by number of prior therapies (1 or > 1), bulky disease status (longest diameter of baseline lesion < 5 cm or ≥ 5 cm), and time since last recurrence (≥ 24 months or < 24 months). In arm 1, patients will receive duvelisib 25 mg BID for one 10-week (W) cycle followed by 25 mg BID on W3 and W4 of each subsequent 4-week cycle. In arm 2, patients will receive duvelisib 25 mg BID on W1, W2, W5, W6, W9, and W10 of one 10-week cycle and then on W3 and W4 of each subsequent 4-week cycle. Patients will be treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. This study will test the null hypothesis that the ORR in each arm is ≤ 30% against the alternative that the ORR is ≥ 55%. The study has a 2-stage design. In stage 1, 15 patients will be enrolled in each arm, with response assessment after ≥ 3 cycles. If there are fewer than 6 partial or complete responses, consideration may be given to terminating the arm. Otherwise, in stage 2, 36 additional patients will be enrolled, for a total of 51 per arm. Enrollment is planned to be initiated in August 2019. Approximately 50 sites will be open for enrollment across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Disclosures Karmali: Takeda, BMS: Other: Research Funding to Institution; Gilead/Kite; Juno/Celgene: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Astrazeneca: Speakers Bureau. Youssoufian:Verastem Oncology: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Sprott:SMOC Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership; Verastem Oncology: Employment, Equity Ownership. Weaver:FemtoDx: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties: Inventor; Verastem Oncology: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties: Inventor; Hillstream Biopharma: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Narasimhan:Verastem: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lustgarten:Verastem: Employment. Patrick:Verastem Oncology: Employment. Zalutskaya:Verastem Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gordon:Gilead: Other: Advisory Board; Juno/Celgene: Other: Advisory Board, Research Funding; Zylem LLC: Other: co-founder; research in nanoparticles in cancer; Bayer: Other: Advisory Board. OffLabel Disclosure: Duvelisib (DUV), a dual PI3K-delta,gamma inhibitor, is US FDA approved at 25 mg twice daily (BID) for the treatment of R/R chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma after at least 2 lines of prior therapy and R/R follicular lymphoma after at least two prior systemic therapies.
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"Kongressbericht - 42. Weltkongress der "International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"." Pneumologie 66, no. 04 (2012): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1311733.
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"World Conference on Lung Health." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 4 (1989): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.2016.
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The World Conference on Lung Health, sponsored by the American Lung Association, the American Thoracic Society, and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, will be held in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 20–24, 1990.
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"World Conference on Lung Health." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.2189.
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The World Conference on Lung Health, sponsored by the American Lung Association, The American Thoracic Society, and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, will be held in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 20-24, 1990.
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"Tuberculosis: Is control under control? (Joint Symposium with the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease)." Clinical Microbiology and Infection 3 (May 1997): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00928.x.
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"Conference on Global Lung Health and the 1996 Annual Meeting of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) Paris, France, 2–5 October 1996." Tubercle and Lung Disease 77 (October 1996): 1–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-8479(96)90089-1.
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Salifu, Rita Suhuyini, and Khumbulani W. Hlongwana. "Frontline healthcare workers’ experiences in implementing the TB-DM collaborative framework in Northern Ghana." BMC Health Services Research 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06883-6.
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Abstract Background Over the past decade, global health policy has increased its focus on measures to halt further increase in tuberculosis (TB) incidence and management of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the vertical management of these two diseases have not achieved much in addressing the adverse effects of the rising tuberculosis-diabetes co-epidemic. This necessitated the World Health Organisation and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease to develop a framework to manage this dual disease burden. TB-DM co-epidemic is a public health concern in Ghana, adversely threatening the country’s fragile health systems. Since frontline healthcare workers are critical in health policy implementation, this study used Lipsky’s theoretical framework of street-level bureaucracy to explore their experiences in implementing the collaborative framework at the health facility level in Ghana. Methods This qualitative study was conducted between July to September 2019 using an exploratory design. Data was generated using a semi-structured interview guide designed to elicit information on knowledge of TB-DM comorbidity as well as systems for co-management. Twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted among purposively selected frontline healthcare workers (doctors, nurses, TB task- shifting officers, TB institutional coordinators and hospital managers) from three health facilities in the Northern Region of Ghana. The lead author also conducted observations and document reviews, in order to fully address the study objectives. Thematic analysis was guided by the Lipsky’s theoretical framework of street level bureaucracy. Results The findings revealed three main themes and six sub-themes. Main themes were Prioritisation of TB/HIV co-infection while negating TB-DM comorbidity, Poor working conditions, and Coping mechanisms, whereas sub-themes were Low knowledge and awareness of TB-DM comorbidity, Limited awareness of the collaborative framework, High workload in TB & DM Clinics, Multiple roles, Inadequate training, and Space shortage. Conclusions Frontline healthcare workers had limited knowledge of TB-DM comorbidity and the collaborative framework, which, in turn adversely affected the effectiveness in implementing the framework. The effective implementation of the framework begins with raising awareness about the framework through in service training amongst the frontline healthcare workers. Additionally, an integrated screening tool to detect both TB and DM would help achieve early detection of TB-DM comorbidity.
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Grey, Alexander B. J., Melissa M. Cadelis, Yiwei Diao, et al. "Screening of Fungi for Antimycobacterial Activity Using a Medium-Throughput Bioluminescence-Based Assay." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (September 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.739995.
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There is a real and urgent need for new antibiotics able to kill Mycobacteria, acid-fast bacilli capable of causing multiple deadly diseases. These include members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, which causes the lung disease tuberculosis (TB) as well as non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) a growing cause of lung, skin, soft tissue, and other infections. Here we describe a medium-throughput bioluminescence-based pipeline to screen fungi for activity against Mycobacteria using the NTM species Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium marinum. We used this pipeline to screen 36 diverse fungal isolates from the International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) grown on a wide variety of nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor media and discovered that almost all the tested isolates produced considerable anti-mycobacterial activity. Our data also provides strong statistical evidence for the impact of growth media on antibacterial activity. Chemical extraction and fractionation of a subset of the ICMP isolates revealed that much of the activity we observed may be due to the production of the known anti-mycobacterial compound linoleic acid. However, we have identified several ICMP isolates that retained their anti-mycobacterial activity in non-linoleic acid containing fractions. These include isolates of Lophodermium culmigenum, Pseudaegerita viridis, and Trametes coccinea, as well as an unknown species of Boeremia and an isolate of an unknown genus and species in the family Phanerochaetaceae. Investigations are ongoing to identify the sources of their anti-mycobacterial activity and to determine whether any may be due to the production of novel bioactive compounds.