Academic literature on the topic 'International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List'

While greater research on threatened species alone cannot ensure their protection, understanding taxonomic bias may be helpful to address knowledge gaps in order to identify research directions and inform policy. Using data for over 10 000 animal species listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we investigated taxonomic and geographic biodiversity conservation research trends worldwide. We found extreme bias in conservation research effort on threatened vertebrates compared with lesser-studied invertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats at a global scale. Based on an analysis of common threats affecting vertebrates and invertebrates, we suggest a path forward for narrowing the research gap between threatened vertebrates and invertebrates.

Sharks are a group of cartilaginous fish that are vulnerable to overfishing. Genetics approaches play an important role in shark conservation. Shark fishing has become the main activity of fishermen in several areas, including in North Sulawesi. This research is focused on the molecular aspects and conservation status of shark species obtained from the shark fin trade in Manado, North Sulawesi. COI gene was amplified using Fish BCL5 (for) and HCO219 (rev) primers. Nucleotide sequences of each sample were aligned with the closest sequences in the GenBank database using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment and Search Tool) method. The conservation status of the shark species is carried through the IUCN (International Union for the conservation of nature red list) Red list website. Molecular identification results showed that the shark’s fins from Manado had high similarity with Carcharhinus falciformis (HM1 and HM2) and Carcharhinus melanopterus (HM3). According to IUCN red list data, the C. falciformis and C. melanopterus were categorized as vulnerable to extinction (VU).Keywords: Molekuler; COI; Shark; Manado and IUCN Red list . AbstrakHiu merupakan kelompok ikan bertulang rawan yang sangat rentan terhadap dampak penangkapan secara berlebihan. Informasi terkait genetik hiu yang semakin terancam populasinya sangat berperan penting dalam upaya konservasi hiu. Penangkapan hiu telah menjadi aktivitas utama nelayan di beberapa daerah, termasuk di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada aspek molekuler dan penentuan status konservasi spesies hiu menggunakan sampel sirip yang di dapatkan dari perdagangan sirip hiu, di kota Manado. Amplifikasi gen COI dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer Fish BCL5 (for) dan HCO219 (rev). Sekuens nukleotida masing-masing sampel disejajarkan dengan nukleotida terdekat yang ada dalam database genbank menggunakan metode BLAST (Basic Local Aligment and Search Tool) Penentuan status konservasi dilakukan melalui penelusuran spesies rujukan di situs IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red list. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukan bahwa sampel sirip hiu dari kota Manado memiliki kemiripan yang tinggi dengan spesies : Carcharhinus falciformis (HM1 dan HM2) dan C. melanopterus (HM3). Menurut data IUCN Red list, C. falciformis dan C. Melanopterus merupakan jenis hiu dalam status konservasi rentan punah (VU). Kata Kunci: Molekuler; COI; hiu; Manado dan IUCN Red list

The Lakshadweep Islands are well-known for their abundant fishery resources. Present study primarily focused on the systematic representation of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red Listed marine finfish landings of Chetlat Island of Lakshadweep archipelago (India). Monthly collections were carried out from September 2019 to February 2020 from the study area. A list of finfishes along with their scientific name, common name, family, and present conservation status was prepared. As per the IUCN Red List, out of 41 fish species identified, one species is ‘Endangered’ (EN), two species are ‘Near Threatened’ (NT), four species are ‘Vulnerable’ (VU), one species ‘Data Deficient’ (DD), 29 species ‘Least Concern’ (LC), and four species are ‘Not Evaluated’ (NE) categories. Information on the conservation status of fishes plays a significant role in fisheries science since it forms the basis for managing marine fishery resources.

Global Red List assessments are powerful tools for informing large-scale conservation decision-making processes, however, they can also be used to inform more localised research and conservation priorities. Here, a conservation status assessment was conducted for the marine vertebrate biodiversity of two recently designated marine protected areas in the Republic of Seychelles. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments were compiled and trends in data analysed for the 524 species recorded locally. Findings suggest that 5.5–23.1% of all marine vertebrate biodiversity at the site is threatened or near-threatened with extinction (combined as ‘elevated risk’), and highlights sharks and rays as contributing two thirds (67.9%) to the ‘elevated risk’ biodiversity of the site. Fishing activities constitute the largest threat to every ‘elevated risk’ species using the site, with sharks and rays being most impacted. Species richness analysis across major habitat types evidence the high value of coral reef areas to almost all species and the importance of adjacent deep-water areas for ‘elevated risk’ species. Theoretical national assessments showed that the majority of globally ER species remained in the same Red List category in their respective national assessment. This study demonstrates the value of global Red List data for optimising research efforts and conservation practices on a localised scale and for informing the design and zonation of marine protected areas.

Lepeostegeres cebuensis is described as a new species from Cebu Island, Philippines. It is unique among currently known species in the genus by having peculiar ridges of orange-brown scales on the young leaves and internodes. This discovery brings the total number of Philippine Lepeostegeres species to three. We consider Lepeostegeres cebuensis to be Data Deficient (DD) following the Red List Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. During a study near an ecotourism site, we recorded a melanistic Leopard Panthera pardus delacouri on top of Bukit Kudung in Jeli District. This finding is considered important because the Indochinese Leopard P.p. delacouri is classified as Critically Endangered in the Red List of Threatened Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We hope that this record will foster conservation efforts in the area.

Freshwater ecosystems are disproportionally important for biodiversity conservation, as they support more than 9% of known animal species while representing less than 1% of the Earth’s surface. However, the vast majority of the threats (99%, or 826 out of 837) identified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species known to affect the 434 known freshwater-dependent fish and lampreys of Europe are not supported by validated published scientific knowledge. This general lack of information about freshwater-dependent fish and lamprey species may have deleterious effects on species conservation, and additional funding is required to fill baseline knowledge gaps.

Abstract Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777), the spotted hyena, is a large, widespread, terrestrial carnivore with a female-dominant social system. It ranges from about 17°N to 28°S and lives in diverse habitats from savannas to swamps (but not rain forests) and up to 4,000 m in elevation. As assessed in 2014, C. crocuta is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species version 2016.1.

Background and research aims. The Andean páramo is renowned for its unique biodiversity and sensitivity to environmental threats. However, vulnerability assessments remain scarce, which hinders our capacity to prioritize and apply efficient conservation measures. To this end, we established the Red List of the páramo vascular flora from the Nevados National Natural Park and proposed conservation strategies for its threatened species. Methods. We performed International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments by evaluating Criterion B, including sub-criteria B1–Extent of Occurrence and B2–Area of Occupancy, and using a systematic geographic-ecological approach for conditions a (Location analysis) and b (Continuing decline). We then executed a Conservation Gap Analysis to prioritize species for in- situ and/or ex-situ conservation. Results. Summing our 233 evaluated species with previous assessments, we completed the Red List of 262 páramo species and encountered 3% Threatened (7 VU, one EN), 44% Not Threatened (65 LC, 50 NT), and 53% Data Deficient. We acknowledged Lupinus ruizensis as Endangered and Aequatorium jamesonii, Carex jamesonii, Elaphoglossum cuspidatum, Miconia latifolia, Miconia alborosea, Pentacalia gelida, and Themistoclesia mucronata as Vulnerable. Conclusion. The eight threatened species should be included as target species in the PNN Nevados management plan 2023–2028 and regarded as national conservation priorities. Implications for Conservation. We recommend in-situ conservation for Medium-Priority species A. jamesonii, E. cuspidatum, and T. mucronata with thorough monitoring, paired with sub-population transfers for High-Priority species C. jamesonii. For the endemic L. ruizensis and P. gelida, we suggest combined in-situ/ex-situ strategies taking advantage of national germoplasm collections, like the seed bank of the Bogotá Botanical Garden José Celestino Mutis.

Globally, over a million species are threatened with extinction from habitat loss, climate change, over-exploitation as well as other anthropogenic activities. Orchids are particularly at risk in part due to their distinctive ecology including high species diversity, often limited geographic range for many species, and tight ecological relations with specific symbionts. They are the most diverse group of flowering plants with ~28,000 species and are found on all but one continent. However, due to increasing pressures from humans many orchids are threatened with extinction. It is therefore important to assess what is threatening them and where. Therefore, this thesis assesses threats to orchids at a global and continental scale to highlight the most significant threats to orchids, where orchids are threatened and by what, and to prioritise conservation actions and future research. The range and diversity of threats to orchids was globally assessed and mapped using data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (Chapter 2). For the 442 orchids on the Red List, the most common threats were biological resource use (80% species), agriculture (53%), human intrusion and disturbance (36%) and development (35%) and were most commonly found in Africa (predominantly Madagascar), South and East Asia and South America. These threats often interacted and co-occurred with four major threat syndromes. Understanding threat syndromes is vital for orchid conservation as they can create more consistent conservation planning and help focus efforts on the specific threats in a given region. Globally the scale and extent of tourism and recreation is increasing, including nature-based tourism. As a result, tourism and recreation is increasingly recognised as a threat to plants including orchids. Therefore, the extent and nature of tourism and recreation as a threat to orchids globally was also assessed in more detail using data from the IUCN Red List (Chapter 3). This demonstrated that 149 of the 442 listed orchids were threatened by tourism and recreation including impacts of residential and commercial development for tourism infrastructure (22%), intentional collecting within protected areas (17%), and human intrusion and disturbance from recreational activities (20%). Tourism and recreation threats were severe, impacting many populations of some orchids and causing rapid decline. These findings highlight how tourism and recreation can threaten specific groups of plants in diverse habitats, but particularly in forests and shrublands and these threats often co-occurred as threat syndromes. To better facilitate orchid conservation, a more detailed analysis of geographical patterns in threatened orchids and threats to orchids was conducted at a continental scale using a methodology that could be adapted to other threatened taxa (Chapter 4). By utilising data on threatened orchids from the Australian Government, combined with species occurrence data from the Atlas of Living Australia, the distribution of the most severe threats to orchids in Australia were mapped. This included identifying locations where habitat modification, changing fire regimes, grazing, weeds, tourism and recreation and illegal collection occurred, including where they co-occurred as threat syndromes. This study shows that the loss of native vegetation is a key driver of most threats, while increases within protected areas was associated with an increased threat from tourism and recreation. This study also provides critical information for formulating conservation and management strategies for threatened orchids and other species in a changing environment. To ensure the successful conservation of orchids, researchers need to understand research and conservation priorities at a global scale. Therefore, conservation and research priorities for orchid conservation were assessed (Chapter 5) using data on research publications on orchid conservation from Scopus, data on conservation priorities from the Red List, and species occurrence records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This study highlighted the increase in conservation research and important gaps as well as key conservation priorities which were analysed to guide recommendations on future priorities. Based on the results, orchid conservation and research globally should increasingly focus on monitoring population, trends and distributions including the impacts of climate change, ecology, threats and threat mitigation, protection and management of species and their habitats and increasing education and awareness. The research in this thesis demonstrated how orchids are significantly threatened by anthropogenic activities at a global and continental scale including impacts from habitat loss, illegal collecting, tourism and recreation, increased fire regimes and invasive species. However, it is also evident that climate change is underrepresented as a threat to orchids and needs to be considered in future research. These studies highlight the prevalence and importance of threat syndromes and provide novel methods for spatially assessing them. It is evident from these studies that orchid conservation will benefit from global collaboration and focussed conservation priorities.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 is the third in a series of action plans that have been produced at the start of each decade. The book analyses the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status of all the species and subspecies of Australia's birds, including those of the offshore territories. For each bird the size and trend in their population and distribution has been analysed using the latest iteration of IUCN Red List Criteria to determine their risk of extinction. The book also provides an account of all those species and subspecies that are or are likely to be extinct. The result is the most authoritative account yet of the status of Australia's birds. In this completely revised edition each account covers not only the 2010 status but provides a retrospective assessment of the status in 1990 and 2000 based on current knowledge, taxonomic revisions and changes to the IUCN criteria, and then reasons why the status of some taxa has changed over the last two decades. Maps have been created specifically for the Action Plan based on vetted data drawn from the records of Birds Australia, its members and its partners in many government departments. This is not a book of lost causes. It is a call for action to keep the extraordinary biodiversity we have inherited and pass the legacy to our children. 2012 Whitley Award Commendation for Zoological Resource.

Prized by instrument makers for its tone and resiliency since the early nineteenth century, the African Blackwood tree (Dalbergia melanoxylon), also known as granadilla or mpingo (Swahili), faces an uncertain future. Often overharvested and inefficiently used, African Blackwood has been on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s “near threatened” red list since 1998 and is categorized by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in Appendix II, which restricts and controls trade. As instrument manufacturers, makers, and musicians continue to purchase the wood, there is little recognition of the sustainability issues around the tree. Furthermore, many communities that harvest the wood are unaware of the musical nature of the product. The purpose of this presentation is to introduce an interdisciplinary approach to conservation of and education about African Blackwood. Since 2010, Daraja Music Initiative (DMI), a 501(c)3 nonprofit and a Tanzanian NGO, has provided music and conservation education in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, where mpingo is the national tree. By bridging seemingly divergent disciplines, DMI has raised awareness of sustainability issues both in Tanzania and internationally through the global clarinet community. This presentation will give a brief historical overview of African Blackwood trade, highlight the major conservation issues, and provide information about developing partnerships for increased sustainability in a community setting.

The era of the Information Technology revolution has endeavored mankind with enormous technological comforts. Apart from human health care, cloud computing integrated with other technologies can be exploited for the welfare of endangered wildlife animals that are currently on the verge of facing extinction in the near future. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has declared a huge number of wildlife species into red list falling into 'critically endangered', 'endangered' and 'vulnerable' species because of pathogenic diseases, poaching, habitat degradation, and climate change. The aim of the chapter is to propose a cloud computing based wildlife health care model to preserve, sustain and protect the global wildlife heritage and wildlife conservation by identifying and providing treatment to diseased animals, monitoring their health conditions periodically and protecting against poaching. The proposed health care model makes use of various wearable sensors implanted on and within the body of an animal. The sensors perform data gathering about different body-related parameters to be transmitted to a cloud system for analysis and reporting a required timely action. When a cloud system senses emergency with respect to the health-related or threat-related incident, the information is immediately signaled to wildlife physician and wildlife ranger respectively to act accordingly.

Abstract This chapter focuses on evidence for declines in populations, which is difficult because it requires both evaluation of land-use change (habitat conversion) and changes within habitats. Examples are given of declines attributed to a single COPHID threat, including many in protected areas resulting from harvesting, disease, and invasive species. Three approaches to evaluating population changes are considered: the first compares pristine habitat with disturbed areas, finding that undisturbed habitat is critical to the maintenance of many species, especially in tropical rainforests. The second studies time series, exemplified by the North American Breeding Bird Survey, which finds a 30% decline in the number of birds between 1970 and 2010. This decline is attributed to multiple causes, including the rise of new generations of pesticides. The third uses the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List to document the number of species considered threatened. For the best studied groups (amphibians, birds, and mammals combined) the figure is 20%.

The era of the Information Technology revolution has endeavored mankind with enormous technological comforts. Apart from human health care, cloud computing integrated with other technologies can be exploited for the welfare of endangered wildlife animals that are currently on the verge of facing extinction in the near future. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has declared a huge number of wildlife species into red list falling into 'critically endangered', 'endangered' and 'vulnerable' species because of pathogenic diseases, poaching, habitat degradation, and climate change. The aim of the chapter is to propose a cloud computing based wildlife health care model to preserve, sustain and protect the global wildlife heritage and wildlife conservation by identifying and providing treatment to diseased animals, monitoring their health conditions periodically and protecting against poaching. The proposed health care model makes use of various wearable sensors implanted on and within the body of an animal. The sensors perform data gathering about different body-related parameters to be transmitted to a cloud system for analysis and reporting a required timely action. When a cloud system senses emergency with respect to the health-related or threat-related incident, the information is immediately signaled to wildlife physician and wildlife ranger respectively to act accordingly.