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Donaldson, Michael R., Nicholas J. Burnett, Douglas C. Braun, Cory D. Suski, Scott G. Hinch, Steven J. Cooke, and Jeremy T. Kerr. "Taxonomic bias and international biodiversity conservation research." FACETS 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2016-0011.
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While greater research on threatened species alone cannot ensure their protection, understanding taxonomic bias may be helpful to address knowledge gaps in order to identify research directions and inform policy. Using data for over 10 000 animal species listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we investigated taxonomic and geographic biodiversity conservation research trends worldwide. We found extreme bias in conservation research effort on threatened vertebrates compared with lesser-studied invertebrates in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats at a global scale. Based on an analysis of common threats affecting vertebrates and invertebrates, we suggest a path forward for narrowing the research gap between threatened vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Mopay, Maratade, Stenly Wullur, Hens Onibala, Elvy Like Ginting, Inneke F. M. Rumengan, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, and Deiske A. Sumilat. "Molecular Identification And Conservation Status Of Sharks From The Fins Trade In Manado City North Sulawesi." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v9i2.36016.
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Sharks are a group of cartilaginous fish that are vulnerable to overfishing. Genetics approaches play an important role in shark conservation. Shark fishing has become the main activity of fishermen in several areas, including in North Sulawesi. This research is focused on the molecular aspects and conservation status of shark species obtained from the shark fin trade in Manado, North Sulawesi. COI gene was amplified using Fish BCL5 (for) and HCO219 (rev) primers. Nucleotide sequences of each sample were aligned with the closest sequences in the GenBank database using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment and Search Tool) method. The conservation status of the shark species is carried through the IUCN (International Union for the conservation of nature red list) Red list website. Molecular identification results showed that the shark’s fins from Manado had high similarity with Carcharhinus falciformis (HM1 and HM2) and Carcharhinus melanopterus (HM3). According to IUCN red list data, the C. falciformis and C. melanopterus were categorized as vulnerable to extinction (VU).Keywords: Molekuler; COI; Shark; Manado and IUCN Red list . AbstrakHiu merupakan kelompok ikan bertulang rawan yang sangat rentan terhadap dampak penangkapan secara berlebihan. Informasi terkait genetik hiu yang semakin terancam populasinya sangat berperan penting dalam upaya konservasi hiu. Penangkapan hiu telah menjadi aktivitas utama nelayan di beberapa daerah, termasuk di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada aspek molekuler dan penentuan status konservasi spesies hiu menggunakan sampel sirip yang di dapatkan dari perdagangan sirip hiu, di kota Manado. Amplifikasi gen COI dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer Fish BCL5 (for) dan HCO219 (rev). Sekuens nukleotida masing-masing sampel disejajarkan dengan nukleotida terdekat yang ada dalam database genbank menggunakan metode BLAST (Basic Local Aligment and Search Tool) Penentuan status konservasi dilakukan melalui penelusuran spesies rujukan di situs IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red list. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukan bahwa sampel sirip hiu dari kota Manado memiliki kemiripan yang tinggi dengan spesies : Carcharhinus falciformis (HM1 dan HM2) dan C. melanopterus (HM3). Menurut data IUCN Red list, C. falciformis dan C. Melanopterus merupakan jenis hiu dalam status konservasi rentan punah (VU). Kata Kunci: Molekuler; COI; hiu; Manado dan IUCN Red list
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Nihal, Davood, N.M. Naseem, N. Abhirami, and M.P. Prabhakaran. "Landings of IUCN Red Listed finfishes at Chetlat Island of Lakshadweep, southeastern Arabian Sea." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 6 (June 26, 2022): 21285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7871.14.6.21285-21289.
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The Lakshadweep Islands are well-known for their abundant fishery resources. Present study primarily focused on the systematic representation of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red Listed marine finfish landings of Chetlat Island of Lakshadweep archipelago (India). Monthly collections were carried out from September 2019 to February 2020 from the study area. A list of finfishes along with their scientific name, common name, family, and present conservation status was prepared. As per the IUCN Red List, out of 41 fish species identified, one species is ‘Endangered’ (EN), two species are ‘Near Threatened’ (NT), four species are ‘Vulnerable’ (VU), one species ‘Data Deficient’ (DD), 29 species ‘Least Concern’ (LC), and four species are ‘Not Evaluated’ (NE) categories. Information on the conservation status of fishes plays a significant role in fisheries science since it forms the basis for managing marine fishery resources.
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Basu, Saikat Kumar. "Book Review: Species on the Edge of Survival. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List." Blue Jay 69, no. 4 (December 25, 2011): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/bluejay334.
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Bullock, Robert W., Henriette M. V. Grimmel, Ellie E. Moulinie, Dillys K. Pouponeau, and James S. E. Lea. "Using Global Red List Data to Inform Localised Research and Conservation Priorities—A Case Study in the Republic of Seychelles." Diversity 14, no. 8 (August 20, 2022): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080681.
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Global Red List assessments are powerful tools for informing large-scale conservation decision-making processes, however, they can also be used to inform more localised research and conservation priorities. Here, a conservation status assessment was conducted for the marine vertebrate biodiversity of two recently designated marine protected areas in the Republic of Seychelles. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments were compiled and trends in data analysed for the 524 species recorded locally. Findings suggest that 5.5–23.1% of all marine vertebrate biodiversity at the site is threatened or near-threatened with extinction (combined as ‘elevated risk’), and highlights sharks and rays as contributing two thirds (67.9%) to the ‘elevated risk’ biodiversity of the site. Fishing activities constitute the largest threat to every ‘elevated risk’ species using the site, with sharks and rays being most impacted. Species richness analysis across major habitat types evidence the high value of coral reef areas to almost all species and the importance of adjacent deep-water areas for ‘elevated risk’ species. Theoretical national assessments showed that the majority of globally ER species remained in the same Red List category in their respective national assessment. This study demonstrates the value of global Red List data for optimising research efforts and conservation practices on a localised scale and for informing the design and zonation of marine protected areas.
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PELSER, PIETER B., DANIEL L. NICKRENT, ANDREW R. T. REINTAR, and JULIE F. BARCELONA. "Lepeostegeres cebuensis (Loranthaceae), a new mistletoe species from Cebu, Philippines." Phytotaxa 266, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.266.1.8.
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Lepeostegeres cebuensis is described as a new species from Cebu Island, Philippines. It is unique among currently known species in the genus by having peculiar ridges of orange-brown scales on the young leaves and internodes. This discovery brings the total number of Philippine Lepeostegeres species to three. We consider Lepeostegeres cebuensis to be Data Deficient (DD) following the Red List Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
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Hambali, Kamarul, Nor Fakhira Muhamad Fazli, Aainaa Amir, Norashikin Fauzi, Nor Hizami Hassin, Muhamad Azahar Abas, Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Karim, and Ai Yin Sow. "The discovery of a melanistic Leopard Panthera pardus delacouri (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) at Bukit Kudung in Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia: conservation and ecotourism." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 17513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6060.13.1.17513-17516.
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Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. During a study near an ecotourism site, we recorded a melanistic Leopard Panthera pardus delacouri on top of Bukit Kudung in Jeli District. This finding is considered important because the Indochinese Leopard P.p. delacouri is classified as Critically Endangered in the Red List of Threatened Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We hope that this record will foster conservation efforts in the area.
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Branco, Paulo, Pedro Segurado, Maria João Costa, Afonso Teixeira, José Maria Santos, Maria Teresa Ferreira, and Gonçalo Duarte. "Knowledge Gaps in the Definition of Threats for the Red List Assessment of European Freshwater-Dependent Fish Species." Biology 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2021): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10070680.
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Freshwater ecosystems are disproportionally important for biodiversity conservation, as they support more than 9% of known animal species while representing less than 1% of the Earth’s surface. However, the vast majority of the threats (99%, or 826 out of 837) identified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species known to affect the 434 known freshwater-dependent fish and lampreys of Europe are not supported by validated published scientific knowledge. This general lack of information about freshwater-dependent fish and lamprey species may have deleterious effects on species conservation, and additional funding is required to fill baseline knowledge gaps.
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Hayssen, Virginia, and Paula Noonan. "Crocuta crocuta (Carnivora: Hyaenidae)." Mammalian Species 53, no. 1000 (April 17, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seab002.
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Abstract Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777), the spotted hyena, is a large, widespread, terrestrial carnivore with a female-dominant social system. It ranges from about 17°N to 28°S and lives in diverse habitats from savannas to swamps (but not rain forests) and up to 4,000 m in elevation. As assessed in 2014, C. crocuta is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species version 2016.1.
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Camacho, Francisco, and Gwendolyn Peyre. "Red List and Vulnerability Assessment of the Páramo Vascular Flora in the Nevados Natural National Park (Colombia)." Tropical Conservation Science 15 (January 2022): 194008292210869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829221086958.
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Background and research aims. The Andean páramo is renowned for its unique biodiversity and sensitivity to environmental threats. However, vulnerability assessments remain scarce, which hinders our capacity to prioritize and apply efficient conservation measures. To this end, we established the Red List of the páramo vascular flora from the Nevados National Natural Park and proposed conservation strategies for its threatened species. Methods. We performed International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments by evaluating Criterion B, including sub-criteria B1–Extent of Occurrence and B2–Area of Occupancy, and using a systematic geographic-ecological approach for conditions a (Location analysis) and b (Continuing decline). We then executed a Conservation Gap Analysis to prioritize species for in- situ and/or ex-situ conservation. Results. Summing our 233 evaluated species with previous assessments, we completed the Red List of 262 páramo species and encountered 3% Threatened (7 VU, one EN), 44% Not Threatened (65 LC, 50 NT), and 53% Data Deficient. We acknowledged Lupinus ruizensis as Endangered and Aequatorium jamesonii, Carex jamesonii, Elaphoglossum cuspidatum, Miconia latifolia, Miconia alborosea, Pentacalia gelida, and Themistoclesia mucronata as Vulnerable. Conclusion. The eight threatened species should be included as target species in the PNN Nevados management plan 2023–2028 and regarded as national conservation priorities. Implications for Conservation. We recommend in-situ conservation for Medium-Priority species A. jamesonii, E. cuspidatum, and T. mucronata with thorough monitoring, paired with sub-population transfers for High-Priority species C. jamesonii. For the endemic L. ruizensis and P. gelida, we suggest combined in-situ/ex-situ strategies taking advantage of national germoplasm collections, like the seed bank of the Bogotá Botanical Garden José Celestino Mutis.
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Böhm, Monika, David L. Waldien, Gregory P. Setliff, Kristine O. Abenis, Luis F. Aguirre, Perpetra Akite, Marnelli S. Alviola, et al. "Catalyzing Red List Assessments of Underrepresented Taxa through Partner Networks and Student Engagement." Diversity 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090723.
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Global biodiversity decline is continuing largely unabated. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (hereafter, Red List) provides us with the gold standard for assessments, but taxonomic coverage, especially for invertebrates and fungi, remains very low. Many players contribute to the Red List knowledge base, especially IUCN Red List partners, IUCN-led assessment projects, and the Specialist Groups and Red List Authorities (RLA) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. However, it is vital that we develop the next generation of contributors and bring in new, diverse voices to build capacity and to sustain the huge assessment effort required to fill data gaps. Here, we discuss a recently established partner network to build additional capacity for species assessments, by linking academia directly into the assessment processes run by Specialist Groups and RLAs. We aim to increase Red List “literacy” amongst potential future conservationists and help students to increase publication output, form professional networks, and develop writing and research skills. Professors can build Red List learning into their teaching and offer Red Listing opportunities to students as assignments or research projects that directly contribute to the Red List. We discuss the opportunities presented by the approach, especially for underrepresented species groups, and the challenges that remain.
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Cuckston, Thomas. "Making extinction calculable." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 849–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2015-2264.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species in achieving biodiversity conservation and preventing the extinction of species. The Red List is a calculative device that classifies species in terms of their exposure to the risk of extinction. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on theorising in the Social Studies of Finance literature to analyse the Red List in terms of how it frames a space of calculability for species extinction. The analysis then traces the ways that this framing has overflowed, creating conditions for calculative innovations, such that assemblages of humans and calculative devices (i.e. agencements) are constructed with collective capabilities to act to conserve biodiversity and prevent species extinctions. Findings This paper has traced three ways that the Red List frame has overflowed, leading to calculative innovations and the construction of new agencements. The overflow of relations between the quality of “extinction risk”, produced by the Red List, and other qualities, such as location, has created opportunities for conservationists to develop agencements capable of formulating conservation strategies. The overflow of relations between the identity of the “threatened species”, produced by the Red List, and other features of evaluated species, has created opportunities for conservationists to develop agencements capable of impelling participation in conservation efforts. The overflow of ecological relations between species, discarded by the Red List’s hierarchical metrology of extinction risk classifications, has created opportunities for conservationists to develop agencements capable of confronting society with the reality of an extinction crisis. Originality/value The paper contributes to the accounting for biodiversity literature by addressing its fundamental challenge: explaining how accounting can create conditions within society in which biodiversity conservation is made possible.
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Krömer, Thorsten, Amparo R. Acebey, Samaria Armenta-Montero, and Thomas B. Croat. "Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation Status of Araceae in the State of Veracruz, Mexico." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 104, no. 1 (February 27, 2019): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2018214.
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We present an overview of the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of all 54 taxa of Araceae that are currently known from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. We provide a reference list that gives information about overall distribution, endemism, and occurrence in Mexican states and administrative regions/municipalities of Veracruz. For this latter state, we also provide information on life form, elevational range, habitat, uses, and distinguishing characters useful for species identification. We performed an assessment of conservation status at the regional and global level for 51 and three taxa, respectively, considering International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria. About 80% of aroid taxa from Veracruz belong to a threatened category, mainly because of the continued loss and fragmentation of their natural habitats caused by the lack of protected areas that include tropical humid and humid montane forests.
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Hoffmann, Michael, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Ariadne Angulo, Monika Böhm, Thomas M. Brooks, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Kent E. Carpenter, et al. "The Impact of Conservation on the Status of the World’s Vertebrates." Science 330, no. 6010 (October 26, 2010): 1503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1194442.
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Using data for 25,780 species categorized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we present an assessment of the status of the world’s vertebrates. One-fifth of species are classified as Threatened, and we show that this figure is increasing: On average, 52 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians move one category closer to extinction each year. However, this overall pattern conceals the impact of conservation successes, and we show that the rate of deterioration would have been at least one-fifth again as much in the absence of these. Nonetheless, current conservation efforts remain insufficient to offset the main drivers of biodiversity loss in these groups: agricultural expansion, logging, overexploitation, and invasive alien species.
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Meng, Xia, Huasheng Huang, Luo Guo, Dan Wang, Rui Han, and Kexin Zhou. "Threatened Status Assessment of Multiple Grassland Ecosystems and Conservation Strategies in the Xilin River Basin, NE China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031084.
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The Red List of Ecosystems, proposed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature can determine the status of ecosystems for biodiversity conservation. In this study, we applied the Red List of Ecosystems Categories and Criteria 2.0 with its four major criteria (A, B, C, and D) to assess twelve dominant ecosystems in the Xilin River Basin, a representative grassland-dominating area in China. We employed Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing to process the obtained satellite products from the years 2000 to 2015, and generated indicators for biological processes and degradation of environment with boreal ecosystem productivity simulator. The results show that all twelve ecosystems in the Xilin River Basin confront varying threats: Artemisia frigida grassland and Festuca ovina grassland face the highest risk of collapse, sharing an endangered status; Filifolium sibiricum meadow grassland and Leymus chinensis grassland have a least concern status, while the remaining eight ecosystems display a vulnerable status. This study overcomes the limits of data deficiency by introducing the boreal ecosystem productivity simulator to simulate biological processes and the plant–environment interaction. It sheds light on further application of the Red List of Ecosystems, and bridges the research gap and promote local ecosystems conservation in China.
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Fallon, Candace E., Anna C. Walker, Sara Lewis, Joseph Cicero, Lynn Faust, Christopher M. Heckscher, Cisteil X. Pérez-Hernández, Ben Pfeiffer, and Sarina Jepsen. "Evaluating firefly extinction risk: Initial red list assessments for North America." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): e0259379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259379.
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Fireflies are a family of charismatic beetles known for their bioluminescent signals. Recent anecdotal reports suggest that firefly populations in North America may be in decline. However, prior to this work, no studies have undertaken a systematic compilation of geographic distribution, habitat specificity, and threats facing North American fireflies. To better understand their extinction risks, we conducted baseline assessments according to the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List for 132 species from the United States and Canada (approximately 79% of described species in the region). We found at least 18 species (14%) are threatened with extinction (e.g. categorized as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable) due to various pressures, including habitat loss, light pollution, and climate change (sea level rise and drought). In addition, more than half of the species (53%) could not be evaluated against the assessment criteria due to insufficient data, highlighting the need for further study. Future research and conservation efforts should prioritize monitoring and protecting populations of at-risk species, preserving and restoring habitat, gathering data on population trends, and filling critical information gaps for data deficient species suspected to be at risk.
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TUNNICLIFFE, VERENA, and CORINNA BREUSING. "Redescription of Bathymodiolus septemdierum Hashimoto and Okutani, 1994 (Bivalvia, Mytilida, Mytilidae), a mussel broadly distributed across hydrothermal vent locations in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans." Zootaxa 5214, no. 3 (December 2, 2022): 337–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.3.2.
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Mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus Kenk & Wilson belong to the foundation fauna at hydrothermal vents in the global deep sea. In the western Pacific and Indian oceans, the three nominal taxa B. septemdierum Hashimoto and Okutani, B. brevior Cosel, Métivier & Okutani and B. marisindicus Hashimoto are currently recognized as separate species despite morphological and genetic evidence for their conspecificity. All three are listed with the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List based on highly restricted ranges. We compile and supplement existing morphometric and molecular data to revise the Bathymodiolus septemdierum species group. We redescribe B. septemdierum as a single species with B. brevior and B. marisindicus recognized as junior synonyms. Given the exceptionally broad range of B. septemdierum, we propose removal of these three taxa from the IUCN Red List.
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López Berrizbeitia, M. Fernanda, and M. Mónica Díaz. "Cynomops planirostris (Chiroptera: Molossidae)." Mammalian Species 53, no. 1013 (December 1, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seab016.
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Abstract The southern dog-faced bat, Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866), is a molossid that occurs from Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas, through Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil to Paraguay and Argentina. It is insectivorous, inhabiting areas near rivers and forests. The species is characterized by having a chest and venter with a white or cream-colored spot, a broad upper lip that projects forward, and ears almost touching at their base. Cynomops planirostris is presently listed as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.
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Sellera, Fábio, Lorie Tukamoto Fernandes, Carlos Roberto Teixeira, Fabio Celidonio Pogliani, Gustavo Henrique Pereira Dutra, and Cristiane Lassálvia Nascimento. "Photodynamic therapy in consolidation of carapace fracture in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)." Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (August 14, 2017): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/spc2237-9290.2015.001.0005.
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Sea turtles have great longevity and exhibit a complex life history that includes pronounced changes in their development. All sea turtles species are on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature/IUCN, classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. Among traumatic changes that affect turtles, there are the carapace and plastron fractures that can occur primarily as a result of attacks by predators, boar propellers, among others. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy in consolidation of fracture in a species of green turtles (Chelonia mydas).
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Viracheva, Lyubov L. "Conservation and study of introduced herbal perennials in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden." Transaction Kola Science Centre 12, no. 6-2021 (December 31, 2021): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5252.2021.6.12.9.029.
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The collection fund of perennial plants of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden includes 2535 specimens of 1409 species from 1204 genera of 270 families. 59 species are included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and need the protection. Methods for the selection of material for the collection and the study of the rhythm of growth and development of plants are presented. The creation of a unique collection of relocated plants is the main result of the introduction of herbaceous plants. This is a repository of the gene pool of rare species, as well as a kind of testing ground for scientific and scientific-educational work.
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Nainggolan, Frans Hamonangan, Bainah Sari Dewi, and Arief Darmawan. "Bird Conservation Status: Case Study in Cugung Village Forest Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung Model Rajabasa Rajabasa Regency District South Lampung." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1752-61.
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Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Lindung (KPHL) Model Rajabasa has a potential habitat for wildlife. Cugung Village forest is intended to optimize forest resources utilization in KPHL Model Rajabasa. Birds are part of the wildlife and natural resources which are priceless, so its sustainability needs to be maintained. Information of protected bird species diversity in the area became the basis of this research. The study aimed to determine the birds conservation status in the Cugung Village forest of KPHL Model Rajabasa based on (1) PP No. 7/1999, (2) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and (3) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List conservation status in November 2016. Induces Ponctuel d’Abodance method was used on the five observation points. The results based on (1) the protected status of PP No. 7/1999 found ten birds species of three families belong to the protected status: Accipiter trivirgatus, Haliastur indus, Spizaetus cirrhatus, Spizaetus alboniger, Ictinaetus malayensis, Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus, Spilornis cheela, Halcyon symrnensis, Todirhamphus chloris and Anthreptes simplex, (2) CITES status trade found seven species of birds in Appendix II category which are A. trivirgatus, H. indus, S. cirrhatus, S. alboniger, I. malayensis, I. ichthyaetus and S. cheela, and (3) IUCN Red List conservation status found one types Near Threatened category which is I. ichthyaetus.Keywords: forest resources, birds conservation, wildlife
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Nguyen, Tam T. "Fish composition in Dong Nai biosphere reserve in Vietnam." Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 06 (December 27, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.5.06.2019.
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Dong Nai biosphere reserve (DNBR) is well known for its high level of biodiversity and of global meaningful ecosystem. The fauna includes 84 species of mammals belonging to 28 families, 10 orders; 407 bird species; 141 reptile and amphibian species; 175 fish species; 2,017 insect species. The fish fauna of DNBR maintains many rare and endangered fish species recorded in the Vietnam red book and international union for conservation of nature red list (IUCN's red list) such as Scleropages formosus and many other rare fish species, such as Morulius chrysophekadion, Chitala ornata, Probarbus jullieni, Cyclocheilichthys enoplos… This study was aimed to identify fish composition distributed in DNBR. After the sampling period (01/2019 to 08/2019), a total of 114 fish species belonging to 11 orders and 28 families were recorded in DNBR. There were 09 species of fish on the list of rare and endangered fish species of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam, 3 species (Chitala ornata, Cosmochilus harmandi and Hemibagus filamentus) on the Vietnam red list book; 01 species (Ompok bimaculatus) on the IUCN's red list, 11 exotic species, 78 commercial species and 13 species having potential as aquarium fish. In addition, the study also found the first presence of a species of phallostethid, Phenacostethus smithi in DNBR
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Cayuela, Luis. "Computer-Based Activity to Engage Students in Exploring Biodiversity Decline & Extinction." American Biology Teacher 84, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.2.82.
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Understanding the main causes of biodiversity decline is an essential part of the syllabus of any university-level course in conservation biology. A novel computer-based activity is described for introducing students to using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List database. The specific objectives of this activity are (1) to understand the main causes that threaten species worldwide and, if these causes differ, to try to elucidate the underlying processes that might be responsible for these differences in a given country and (2) to train students how to use digital biological data platforms, such as the IUCN Red List, and how to analyze and interpret biological data. To achieve these goals, students must obtain information from the IUCN Red List to assess why species are threatened globally and in a given country. Based on the total number of threatened species, students calculate the percentage of species affected by each threat within each Red List category and for all categories combined both globally and at the national level. The activity ends with a discussion in the classroom where the students are expected to share their interpretations about the main causes that threaten biodiversity at different scales of analysis and the applications of their findings in a conservation context. The activity is expected to increase the awareness of students regarding environmental issues and to develop different key competencies and basic skills as learning outcomes, including expertise in biological diagnosis, information management, and using the internet as an information source.
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Amos, Rob. "Assessing the Impact of the Habitats Directive: A Case Study of Europe’s Plants." Journal of Environmental Law 33, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 365–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqab006.
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Abstract The Habitats Directive will remain central to the EU’s continuing efforts to halt and ultimately reverse biodiversity loss under its 2030 Strategy for Biodiversity. Understanding the role this Directive plays in protecting European species is, therefore, critical if the EU is to deliver on its ambitious nature conservation agenda. This article presents a new study that furthers our understanding of EU law’s ability to deliver meaningful changes to a species’ conservation status by comparing the status of European plants that are protected under the Habitats Directive with those that are not, using the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List. Its findings suggest that the Directive has had only a limited impact on European flora. The article concludes by proposing reforms that could address the shortcomings in the EU’s approach to conservation which are highlighted by the study.
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Kiffner, Christian, John Kioko, Thomas M. Butynski, Yvonne A. de Jong, and Dietmar Zinner. "Population dynamics of the Manyara monkey (Cercopithecus mitis manyaraensis) and vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania." Primate Biology 9, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-9-33-2022.
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Abstract. Estimating population densities and their trends over time is essential for understanding primate ecology and for guiding conservation efforts. From 2011 through to 2019, we counted two guenon species during seasonal road transect surveys in Lake Manyara National Park: the Tanzania-endemic Manyara monkey Cercopithecus mitis manyaraensis (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, IUCN, Red List category of “endangered”) and the vervet monkey Chlorocebus pygerythrus (Red List category of “least concern”). To account for imperfect detectability, we analysed the data in a line distance sampling framework, fitted species-specific detection functions, and subsequently estimated seasonal densities. To test for seasonal differences and yearly trends in the species-specific density estimates, we fitted generalized additive models. Seasonal point density estimates fluctuated considerably during the 9 years (2011–2019) of our study, ranging from 3 to 29 individuals km−2 for Manyara monkeys and from 19 to 83 individuals km−2 for vervet monkeys. Densities of both taxa did not differ seasonally, and we did not detect marked directional population trends. Our study illustrates the utility and limitations of line distance sampling for long-term primate monitoring. Beyond informing primate ecology and management, our results highlight the conservation importance of Lake Manyara National Park for primate conservation.
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Castro-Vargas, Fernando, Yerson Cruz-Mendivelso, Darwin Ortega-Chamorro, and Fredy Palacino-Rodríguez. "Birds from northeastern Bogotá Savannah, Cundinamarca, Colombia." Check List 16, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 1375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.5.1375.
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The northeast area of the Bogotá Savannah (Cundinamarca, Colombia) is a region where biodiversity requires research because of few records in the current literature. We present a list of birds from the northeast area of the Bogotá Savannah. A systematic sample was conducted in the Ecoparque Sabana Nature Reserve (Tocancipá) to record the frequency of occurrence of bird species, while opportunistic observations were made at Parque Jaime Duque Nature Reserve (Tocancipá) and Aguablanca wetland (Sesquilé). A total of 820 h of sampling was done between February 2016 and June 2019. We provide a list with 128 species belonging to 37 families. Of these species, eight are newly recorded from the Bogotá Savannah; one species is considered Endangered and three are Near Threatened according to the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The species richness found in our study supports the importance of protected areas in the northeast area of the Bogotá Savannah. Protected areas here help conserve the biodiversity of birds of the Andean region.
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Mendes, Natália J., Vanessa P. Cruz, Fernando Y. Ashikaga, Sâmia M. Camargo, Claudio Oliveira, Andrew N. Piercy, George H. Burgess, et al. "Microsatellite loci in the tiger shark and cross-species amplification using pyrosequencing technology." PeerJ 4 (August 30, 2016): e2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2205.
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The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has a global distribution in tropical and warm temperate seas, and it is caught in numerous fisheries worldwide, mainly as bycatch. It is currently assessed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In this study, we identified nine microsatellite loci through next generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) using 29 samples from the western Atlantic. The genetic diversity of these loci were assessed and revealed a total of 48 alleles ranging from 3 to 7 alleles per locus (average of 5.3 alleles). Cross-species amplification was successful at most loci for other species such asCarcharhinus longimanus, C. acronotusandAlopias superciliosus. Given the potential applicability of genetic markers for biological conservation, these data may contribute to the population assessment of this and other species of sharks worldwide.
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Fournel, Jacques, Claire Micheneau, and Claudia Baider. "A new critically endangered species of Angraecum (Orchidaceae) endemic to the island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean." Phytotaxa 222, no. 3 (August 19, 2015): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.222.3.4.
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Angraecum jeannineanum, a new species endemic to Mauritius, is described and its ecology and conservation status are discussed. Angraecum jeannineanum differs from A. cadetii, which is the morphologically most closely related species, as follows: (i) leaves are smaller, thicker and darker green, (ii) inflorescences and flowers are thinner and smaller, (iii) flowers are more greenish and non-fleshy. Angraecum jeannineanum belongs to Angraecum section Hadrangis, endemic to the Mascarenes, which also includes A. bracteosum, A. cadetii and A. striatum. An updated key for the section is provided. The species should be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the Red List Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This assessment is based on the highly restricted species distribution, small population size, and habitat sustaining degradation by invasive alien plants and animals.
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Welch, Jessica, and Jeremy Beaulieu. "Predicting Extinction Risk for Data Deficient Bats." Diversity 10, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10030063.
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Conservation biology aims to identify species most at risk of extinction and to understand factors that forecast species vulnerability. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is a leading source for extinction risk data of species globally, however, many potentially at risk species are not assessed by the IUCN owing to inadequate data. Of the approximately 1150 bat species (Chiroptera) recognized by the IUCN, 17 percent are categorized as Data Deficient. Here, we show that large trait databases in combination with a comprehensive phylogeny can identify which traits are important for assessing extinction risk in bats. Using phylogenetic logistic regressions, we show that geographic range and island endemism are the strongest correlates of binary extinction risk. We also show that simulations using two models that trade-off between data complexity and data coverage provide similar estimates of extinction risk for species that have received a Red List assessment. We then use our model parameters to provide quantitative predictions of extinction risk for 60 species that have not received risk assessments by the IUCN. Our model suggests that at least 20 bat species should be treated as threatened by extinction. In combination with expert knowledge, our results can be used as a quick, first-pass prioritization for conservation action.
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Williams, R. J., C. H. Wahren, K. A. J. Stott, J. S. Camac, M. White, E. Burns, S. Harris, et al. "An International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List ecosystems risk assessment for alpine snow patch herbfields, South-Eastern Australia." Austral Ecology 40, no. 4 (May 12, 2015): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12266.
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GANZHORN, JÖRG U., THEODORE MANJOAZY, OLINGA PÄPLOW, ROMA RANDRIANAVELONA, JULIE H. RAZAFIMANAHAKA, WILLIAM M. RONTO, ESTER VOGT, FRANK WÄTZOLD, and RYAN C. J. WALKER. "Rights to trade for species conservation: exploring the issue of the radiated tortoise in Madagascar." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 4 (October 30, 2014): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892914000332.
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SummaryIn many developing countries, people rely on natural resources for subsistence and cash income. The trade ban on species listed as critically endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List may be counter-productive, as increasing the rarity and thus price of these species acts as a stimulus to illegal markets rather than a deterrent. Since illegal markets cannot have legal property rights, there is no basis for any form of sustainable harvesting based on property rights. The Malagsy radiated tortoise (Astrochelys radiata) is an example of a species that is threatened by domestic and international trade; legalizing international trade could, under certain circumstances, provide financial incentives that might effectively reduce the domestic trade and subsistence harvest of this animal. This paper argues this critically-endangered species may be more effectively conserved by assigning trading rights to local communities, rather than demanding a trade ban that cannot be enforced successfully.
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Ullah, Inayat, and Dong-Young Kim. "Inclusive Governance and Biodiversity Conservation: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073847.
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We examine the conservation effects attributable to changes in the size of community-governed protected areas (PAs) by adopting a generalized difference-in-difference (DID) design with a two-way fixed effect regression model and synthetic control methods. Panel data from the extraordinary datasets of the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPAs) and the Red List of International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are used for 32 Sub-Saharan African countries in this study. Our generalized DID estimates show that countries with community-governed PAs have reduced the IUCN Red List threat level by 17% for mammals. We also find stronger evidence of the effect of community-governed PAs on the IUCN threat level using synthetic control method that allows us to match the “intervention countries” with those countries that exhibit similar pre-intervention threat level. Our results are robust on alternate specifications in which we exploit variations in the cumulative size of the designated PAs differentiated by the IUCN governance types. We also compare the effect of strictly state-governed PAs with community-governed PAs. Our findings provide evidence in support of recent qualitative studies that find positive responses of community participation towards common goods that carry potential economic incentives. This paper contributes to the idea that inclusive environmental policies and legislations yield environmental gains not at the cost of social exclusion.
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Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia, Clinton N. Jenkins, Varsha Vijay, Binbin V. Li, and Stuart L. Pimm. "Incorporating explicit geospatial data shows more species at risk of extinction than the current Red List." Science Advances 2, no. 11 (November 2016): e1601367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601367.
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The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List classifies species according to their risk of extinction, informing global to local conservation decisions. Unfortunately, important geospatial data do not explicitly or efficiently enter this process. Rapid growth in the availability of remotely sensed observations provides fine-scale data on elevation and increasingly sophisticated characterizations of land cover and its changes. These data readily show that species are likely not present within many areas within the overall envelopes of their distributions. Additionally, global databases on protected areas inform how extensively ranges are protected. We selected 586 endemic and threatened forest bird species from six of the world’s most biodiverse and threatened places (Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Central America, Western Andes of Colombia, Madagascar, Sumatra, and Southeast Asia). The Red List deems 18% of these species to be threatened (15 critically endangered, 29 endangered, and 64 vulnerable). Inevitably, after refining ranges by elevation and forest cover, ranges shrink. Do they do so consistently? For example, refined ranges of critically endangered species might reduce by (say) 50% but so might the ranges of endangered, vulnerable, and nonthreatened species. Critically, this is not the case. We find that 43% of species fall below the range threshold where comparable species are deemed threatened. Some 210 bird species belong in a higher-threat category than the current Red List placement, including 189 species that are currently deemed nonthreatened. Incorporating readily available spatial data substantially increases the numbers of species that should be considered at risk and alters priority areas for conservation.
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Gallo, Jorge Alberto, Mariella Superina, and Agustín Manuel Abba. "Chaetophractus villosus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)." Mammalian Species 54, no. 1014 (February 1, 2022): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seab017.
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Abstract Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) is commonly known as the large hairy armadillo. It is one of two living species of Chaetophractus. Like all armadillos, it bears a dorsal carapace of ossified dermal scutes covered by epidermal scales. Dorsal hair is sparse, long, and black and brown. This semifossorial armadillo inhabits grasslands, savannas, steppes, forests, and even degraded areas such as agroecosystems of Argentina, the “Gran Chaco” of Bolivia and Paraguay, and southern Chile. Chaetophractus villosus is omnivorous–carnivorous. It is listed as “Least Concern” (LC) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species, and is mainly affected by hunting, persecution as an agricultural pest, and vehicle collisions.
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YI, XIN-YU, DAN XIE, CHENG ZHANG, YU-QIN WANG, YONG-QUAN KANG, BIJAY RAJ SUBEDEE, and DAI-GUI ZHANG. "Adenophora xiaoxiensis (Campanulaceae), an Endangered Species from China." Phytotaxa 402, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.2.
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Adenophora xiaoxiensis (Campanulaceae), a new species from central China is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid regions trnL-F and matK) and morphology support recognition of A. xiaoxiensis as a distinct species sister to A. wilsonii. Adenophora xiaoxiensis has ovate-elliptic to broadly lanceolate cauline leaves with irregularly biserrate margins, triangular-ovate calyx lobes with 1-3 pairs subulate or linear teeth and a white corolla. About 70 individuals were observed in a restricted area of less than 100 m2. The habitat could be easily disturbed or destroyed, thus, we assessed it as endangered (EN), based on Criteria D of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Categories.
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Rismiller, Peggy D., and Frank Grutzner. "Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae)." Mammalian Species 51, no. 980 (October 3, 2019): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sez012.
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Abstract Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw, 1792) is a monotreme commonly called the short-beaked echidna. Although considered Australia’s most common native mammal because of its continent-wide distribution, its population numbers everywhere are low. It is easily distinguished from all other native Australian mammals because of its spine-covered body, hairless beak, and unique “rolling” gait. The five subspecies, one of which is found in Papua New Guinea, show variations in fur density, spine diameter, length, and number of grooming claws. The Kangaroo Island short-beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus is listed as “Endangered” but all other Tachyglossus are listed as “Least Concern” in the 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List.
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Caetano, Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira, David G. Chapple, Richard Grenyer, Tal Raz, Jonathan Rosenblatt, Reid Tingley, Monika Böhm, Shai Meiri, and Uri Roll. "Automated assessment reveals that the extinction risk of reptiles is widely underestimated across space and phylogeny." PLOS Biology 20, no. 5 (May 26, 2022): e3001544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001544.
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The Red List of Threatened Species, published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), is a crucial tool for conservation decision-making. However, despite substantial effort, numerous species remain unassessed or have insufficient data available to be assigned a Red List extinction risk category. Moreover, the Red Listing process is subject to various sources of uncertainty and bias. The development of robust automated assessment methods could serve as an efficient and highly useful tool to accelerate the assessment process and offer provisional assessments. Here, we aimed to (1) present a machine learning–based automated extinction risk assessment method that can be used on less known species; (2) offer provisional assessments for all reptiles—the only major tetrapod group without a comprehensive Red List assessment; and (3) evaluate potential effects of human decision biases on the outcome of assessments. We use the method presented here to assess 4,369 reptile species that are currently unassessed or classified as Data Deficient by the IUCN. The models used in our predictions were 90% accurate in classifying species as threatened/nonthreatened, and 84% accurate in predicting specific extinction risk categories. Unassessed and Data Deficient reptiles were considerably more likely to be threatened than assessed species, adding to mounting evidence that these species warrant more conservation attention. The overall proportion of threatened species greatly increased when we included our provisional assessments. Assessor identities strongly affected prediction outcomes, suggesting that assessor effects need to be carefully considered in extinction risk assessments. Regions and taxa we identified as likely to be more threatened should be given increased attention in new assessments and conservation planning. Lastly, the method we present here can be easily implemented to help bridge the assessment gap for other less known taxa.
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BAIDER, CLÁUDIA, and F. B. VINCENT FLORENS. "Eugenia alletiana (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered species endemic to the island of Mauritius." Phytotaxa 94, no. 1 (April 16, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.94.1.1.
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Eugenia alletiana, a new endemic species from Mauritius, is described and its ecology and conservation is discussed. The morphological diagnostic features for Eugenia alletiana are chartaceous, discoloured leaves, very thin terminal branchlets, flowers solitary or in fascicles of 2–3 flowers, totally fused hypanthium without apical pore or calyptra, that encloses the numerous stamens (> 500) and petals before anthesis; seed enclosed in a woody endocarp with a lamellated outer surface. The species should be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the Red List Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. This assessment is based on the plant’s restricted distribution, very small population size, a habitat sustaining degradation by invasive alien plants and animals and predation of immature fruits and seeds by invasive alien monkeys and rats respectively leading to a weak regeneration.
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BAIDER, CLAUDIA, and F. B. VINCENT FLORENS. "A new and critically endangered species of Turraea (Meliaceae) endemic to the island of Mauritius." Phytotaxa 247, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.247.3.5.
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Turraea dargentiana (Meliaceae), a new endemic species from Mauritius, is described, its ecology and conservation are discussed, and a revised key to the Mascarenes species of Turraea is provided. Turraea dargentiana is the smallest and the only species of the genus known to display cryptic dioecy in the Mascarenes, and also the only one possessing adult leaves that are often irregularly lobed in their distal half. The species appears restricted to the understory of relatively well-preserved native vegetation remnants in a few wet mountain tops and ridges. Given this restricted distribution, a small total population size and the encroachment of invasive alien plants, which are causing continued degradation of the species’ habitat, the species should be considered as Critically Threatened according to the Red List Categories and Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature.
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Попов, И. Ю., and Д. А. Стариков. "УЯЗВИМЫЕ ВИДЫ ПОЗВОНОЧНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ НИЖНЕ-CВИРСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА." Biosfera 14, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v14i2.672.
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Establishment of protected areas is one of the most effective measures for the environment protection. The reserves, i.e. the areas where any human activity is not allowed, are especially effective. It is expected that they would become shelters for the threatened species. One of such areas is Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve at the eastern shore of Lake Ladoga. It was established in 1980, and since then no intervention in natural processes has been taking place there. Thirty-five threatened species of vertebrate animals have been registered in the reserve: 33 species of birds and two species of mammals. These species are either listed in the Red Book of Russia, or are considered as threatened or near-threatened in the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). At the water borders of the reserve, salmon and whitefish migrate, their local populations being rated as protected in Russia. Most of registered threatened animals stay in the reserve for shorts periods during migrations or visit it occasionally. Only 8–10 species live in it relatively constantly. The small number of vulnerable species under protected conditions indicates that the creation of reserves may not be sufficient to solve the problem of their conservation. Generalization of data related to threatened animals of the Nizhne-Svirsky Reserve reveals significant contradictions between the Red Book of Russia and the IUCN Red List: some species are considered threatened in Russia but not in the IUCN Red List, although a significant part of their range is located in Russia; or vice versa: some species in Russia are considered common or even game species, whereas according to the IUCN Red List, they raise concern. In the present case, the first option often relates to raptors, whereas the second one to waders and ducks.
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Kherwar, Pramod Kumar, and Ajaya Bhattarai. "Conservation Efforts of Asian Wild Water Buffalo." Journal of Buffalo Science 10 (July 9, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2021.10.08.
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Asian Wild Water Buffalo with the scientific name Bubalus bubalis arnee is recorded as an imperiled species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN's) Red List of Threatened Species wetland-subordinate. More number Wild Water Buffalo in Nepal are found at the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), situated on the floodplain of the Koshi River in Province 1. This species is in danger because of a high anthropogenic pressing factor going from natural surroundings weakening to hybridization with homegrown Buffalo. Various preservation and work mediations have been attempted to shield the biodiversity, especially the wild buffalo populace in the KTWR. The people group-based supportable administration approach profiting both protection and work of neighborhood individuals is important to guarantee the drawn-out preservation of the species. But it is not happening, so the Government of Nepal translocated 18 Wild Water Buffaloes to Chitwan National Park, and the environment is not suitable for them. There is the possibility to translocate Wild Water Buffaloes in the Babai flood plain of Bardia National Park for conservation.
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Havrylenko, V., V. Dumenko, and I. Polishchuk. "The role of the biosphere reserve «Askania-Nova» in preserving the rare fauna of national and international importance." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.03.003.
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The ecosystems of the modern biosphere reserve «Askania-Nova» have been signifi cantly transformed in the course of almost 120 years of its existence and have in their natural-anthropogenic line all the variants of na- ture management inherent in the Dnieper-Molochnianske interfl uve. The largest protected steppe ecosystem of Europe and the oldest one on the planet has become a steppe oasis among the agrolandscape. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the species diversity of rare fauna in the territory of the biosphere reserve, protected by the Red Book of Endangered Species of Ukraine, the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and according to international conventions for biodiversity preservation. Methods. The studies were conducted via the analysis of literature and archive data, electronic databases of the authors, visual observa- tions over animals within the boundaries of the biosphere reserve and insects from light traps, application of ultrasound Pettersson D 240x and Pettersson D 500x detectors with further processing using BatSound and Excel 2016 software. Results. 130 species of animals listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 324 protected ones according to the Bern (1979) and Bonn (1979) conventions, as well as 66 species included in the list of the International Union for Nature Conservation were found in the biosphere reserve «Askania-Nova». A gradual decrease of the special steppe rare fauna with a simultaneous increase in ecological niches for rare animals of other climatic zones is traced. The character of the stay of the protected species changes and the quantita- tive indices of steppe taxa are reduced with the simultaneous increase in wetland and polyecotopic ones. Conclusions. The relevance of the correction of the existing edition of the Red Book of Ukraine has been proven, which concerns additional listing of 87 animal species as well as their current status for the territory of the biosphere reserve.
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Recher, Harry F. "The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 3 (2012): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130215.
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THIS is the third Action Plan for Australian Birds produced since 1992 by Stephen Garnett and his colleagues. Each reviews the conservation (threatened) status of the 1266 indigenous bird taxa (species and distinct populations; excluding vagrants) found in Australia and its territories. Threats, important habitats, and gaps in information are given for each taxon listed. Twenty-seven taxa are extinct, with 20 critically endangered, 60 endangered, 68 vulnerable, and 63 near threatened. One-thousand and twenty-eight are taxa of “least concern” and are not listed. For each threatened taxon the reasons for listing are explained, the taxon’s past and present distribution and abundance given, and the threats the taxon faces summarized. There is also a brief account of each taxon’s ecology and a bibliography of relevant publications. Recommendations are made for conservation action, including research, with the aim of minimizing threats and ensuring the taxon’s survival. Status is assessed using the criteria of the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
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Holinei, H. M., M. Z. Prokopiak, O. V. Roketska, L. O. Shevchyk, and M. A. Kryzhanovska. "ВИДИ ПІДРОДИНИ NIMPHALINAE В ЗООЛОГІЧНИХ КОЛЕКЦІЯХ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ ВОЛОДИМИРА ГНАТЮКА." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 81, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.1-2.2.
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The species diversity of the insects of Nimphalinae subfamily (Lepidoptera order), which are stored in the entomological collection of The Botany and Zoology Department of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University were studied. The insects were collected by the students during their teacher training and also by the amateur entomologists during 2000–2020. These insects are in the collections of The Botany and Zoology Department. The species composition of the collected insects was analyzed. There are 202 individuals of Nimphalinae subfamily. Identified insects belong to five genus (Vanessa, Inachis, Agаlis, Polygonia, Nymphalis). The largest number of individuals of this subfamily was calculated (Inachis io –75, Vanessa atalanta – 52, Cynthia cardui – 45). Also 13 individuals of Agаlis urticae and 12 individuals of Polygonia c-album were found. All species of Rhopalocera of European fauna are in The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Most of them are classified as Least Concern (LC). Widespread, numerous and common species of the Nimphalinae subfamily were found in the funds of The Botany and Zoology Department. Identified species belong to the LC category of The IUCN Red List. The Compton tortoiseshell (Nymphalis vaualbum) is included in The Red Data Book of Ukraine (2009). Its conservation status is invaluable. Nymphalis vaualbum was not found in the entomological collections of The Botany and Zoology Department of TNPU.
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Cogoni, Donatella, Molly K. Grace, Barney Long, Simone Orsenigo, and Giuseppe Fenu. "The IUCN Green Status of Species: A Call for Mediterranean Botanists to Contribute to This New Ambitious Effort." Plants 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 2592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192592.
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In the Mediterranean Basin, a critical focal point for the conservation of plant diversity, there has been a large increase in practical conservation actions for many plant species to prevent extinction and to improve their conservation status; quantifying the effectiveness of these initiatives in reversing species declines is urgently important. In 2021, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) launched a new tool that allows the impact of conservation actions on plant species to be assessed. The Green Status of Species is a new set of metrics under the Red List of Threatened Species that assigns species to recovery categories, complementary to the classic extinction risk categories. Crucially, the Green Status of Species provides methods to evaluate the impact of past conservation, and the potential for future conservation impact, on species status and recovery in a standardized way. Considering the efforts made so far for the conservation of Mediterranean threatened plants, using the Green Status of Species would be highly useful to direct future conservation policies. We, therefore, encourage botanists and practitioners working on threatened plants in the Mediterranean area to use this new assessment tool to inform conservation and recovery programs.
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Di Marco, Moreno, Ben Collen, Carlo Rondinini, and Georgina M. Mace. "Historical drivers of extinction risk: using past evidence to direct future monitoring." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1813 (August 22, 2015): 20150928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0928.
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Global commitments to halt biodiversity decline mean that it is essential to monitor species' extinction risk. However, the work required to assess extinction risk is intensive. We demonstrate an alternative approach to monitoring extinction risk, based on the response of species to external conditions. Using retrospective International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessments, we classify transitions in the extinction risk of 497 mammalian carnivores and ungulates between 1975 and 2013. Species that moved to lower Red List categories, or remained Least Concern, were classified as ‘lower risk'; species that stayed in a threatened category, or moved to a higher category of risk, were classified as ‘higher risk'. Twenty-four predictor variables were used to predict transitions, including intrinsic traits (species biology) and external conditions (human pressure, distribution state and conservation interventions). The model correctly classified up to 90% of all transitions and revealed complex interactions between variables, such as protected areas (PAs) versus human impact. The most important predictors were: past extinction risk, PA extent, geographical range size, body size, taxonomic family and human impact. Our results suggest that monitoring a targeted set of metrics would efficiently identify species facing a higher risk, and could guide the allocation of resources between monitoring species' extinction risk and monitoring external conditions.
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TANDANG, DANILO N., ROSARIO R. RUBITE, RAUL T. ANGELES JR., and MARGARET C. DE GUZMAN. "Begonia titoevangelistae (sect. Baryandra, Begoniaceae) a new species from Catanduanes Island, the Philippines." Phytotaxa 282, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.282.4.4.
Full textAbstract:
Begonia titoevangelistae from Nahulugan Falls, Gigmoto, Catanduanes Island is described as a new species endemic to the Philippines. It resembles Begonia neopurpurea but is distinguished by the variegated leaves where the veins and midrib are dark green to almost black contrasting with light green interveins in the adaxial surface. In the abaxial surface, the veins are maroon contrasting with cream interveins, and its wide obliquely ovate leaf is elongated with shallowly undulate and minutely lobed leaf margin and long acuminate apex. Based on International Union for the Conservation of Nature red list criteria, B. titoevangelistae was assessed to be critically endangered, since it consists of one population with 300 individuals on a 100 m area around the waterfalls, which is being developed into a tourist spot.
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Soldo, Alen, and Lovrenc Lipej. "An Annotated Checklist and the Conservation Status of Chondrichthyans in the Adriatic." Fishes 7, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050245.
Full textAbstract:
Although there is a high number of publications listing fish species in the Adriatic, only a few have focused on chondrichthyans, while their conservation status has been investigated even less. Thus, this paper aims to provide an updated and annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans occurring in the Adriatic waters with their presence and conservation status. Each species is evaluated against the criteria defined in IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List Categories and Criteria and according to the guidelines for national and regional level assessments. In total, 60 chondrichthyan species from 27 families and 42 genera are listed. The list contains 33 species of sharks, 26 species of rays and one chimera. Assessment of the conservation status reveals that three species are now considered Regionally Extinct (namely Squatina oculata, Pristis pectinata and Rhinobatos rhinobatos). A total of 21 species are assessed as Critically Endangered, 8 are Endangered and 10 are Vulnerable. Of the remaining species, six are Near Threatened and the same number of species are Least Concern and Data Deficient. Considering that the principal driver of chondrichthyan decline and regional extinction is overfishing, it is recommended that the Adriatic countries adopt the same management measures and strengthen their coordination.
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Alfonzetti, Matthew, Malin C. Rivers, Tony D. Auld, Tom Le Breton, Tim Cooney, Stephanie Stuart, Heidi Zimmer, et al. "Shortfalls in extinction risk assessments for plants." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 6 (2020): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20106.
Full textAbstract:
Research on species recovery, reintroduction, and conservation disproportionally focusses on birds and mammals. Typically, less attention is given to hyper-diverse but ecologically important groups such as plants and invertebrates. In this study, we focussed on a continent with one of the world’s highest proportions of endemic plant species (Australia) comparing the number of extinction risk assessments relative to birds and mammals. Specifically, we generated a checklist of Australian endemic vascular plants and used three resources which differ in styles and scope to collate information on how many have an extinction risk assessment – the ThreatSearch database, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, (EPBC Act). Between 76 and 93% of endemic Australian plants examined lack an extinction risk assessment based on data from our three sources. We also compared the proportions of endemic plants assessed relative to birds and mammals. Of all endemic plant taxa examined, only 6.8% have been assessed under the EPBC Act, compared with 9.4% of birds and 28.9% of mammals. Similarly, only 8.8% of endemic plants have been assessed for the IUCN Red List, compared with 29.1% of birds and 61.1% of mammals, whereas all birds and mammals have been examined in National Action Plans. This represents a significant underestimation of the actual proportion of Australian endemic plants that are likely to satisfy extinction-risk criteria for listing as threatened. This shortfall in risk assessments for plants is a matter of international significance for conservation given Australia’s high rate of plant endemism. A change in policy and approach to assessing extinction risk is needed to ensure adequate assessment effort across different taxonomic groups.
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Jones, Holly P., Nick D. Holmes, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Bernie R. Tershy, Peter J. Kappes, Ilse Corkery, Alfonso Aguirre-Muñoz, et al. "Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 21, 2016): 4033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521179113.
Full textAbstract:
More than US$21 billion is spent annually on biodiversity conservation. Despite their importance for preventing or slowing extinctions and preserving biodiversity, conservation interventions are rarely assessed systematically for their global impact. Islands house a disproportionately higher amount of biodiversity compared with mainlands, much of which is highly threatened with extinction. Indeed, island species make up nearly two-thirds of recent extinctions. Islands therefore are critical targets of conservation. We used an extensive literature and database review paired with expert interviews to estimate the global benefits of an increasingly used conservation action to stem biodiversity loss: eradication of invasive mammals on islands. We found 236 native terrestrial insular faunal species (596 populations) that benefitted through positive demographic and/or distributional responses from 251 eradications of invasive mammals on 181 islands. Seven native species (eight populations) were negatively impacted by invasive mammal eradication. Four threatened species had their International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List extinction-risk categories reduced as a direct result of invasive mammal eradication, and no species moved to a higher extinction-risk category. We predict that 107 highly threatened birds, mammals, and reptiles on the IUCN Red List—6% of all these highly threatened species—likely have benefitted from invasive mammal eradications on islands. Because monitoring of eradication outcomes is sporadic and limited, the impacts of global eradications are likely greater than we report here. Our results highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands for protecting the world's most imperiled fauna.