Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'International volunteering'

This thesis explores the lives of a group of fifteen exceptional women who were dedicated to the cause of advancing girls and women in sport and physical activity. Over several decades, they worked in a voluntary capacity to transform women in sport through practice and policy development. Moreover, they aligned such unpaid work with personal and local experiences of volunteering that eventually led to their participation in international sport circles and policies. The key settings for their voluntary service came from their roles in the emergence and maintenance of two international women‘s sport organisations – International Association of Physical Education and Sport for Girls and Women (IAPESGW) and WomenSport International (WSI). In addition, their voluntary roles were so substantial that they were inextricably interwoven within all aspects of their lives. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the participants‘ relationships with sport volunteering, in the particular settings of IAPESGW and WSI, whilst analysing the role of volunteering in their lives. The study utilised a holistic framework to gain an in-depth understanding about the women‘s commitment to the cause and how volunteering fits into their lifestyle. As there were no models from the sport volunteering field that were appropriate for this study, the research drew upon and developed Hustinx and Lammertyn‘s (2003) non-sport model called the Collective and Reflexive Styles of Volunteering (SOV). The SOV was valuable because it offered a multi-dimensional approach to explain how, why, and when the participants got involved with advancing women‘s sport and physical activity, and how their involvement related to and influenced their wider lifestyles. A critical realist and social constructionist philosophy was employed to have a greater understanding of the women‘s realities, and life history interviews were conducted to gain a greater understanding about how they constructed their knowledge about themselves, sport, and the world around them. The study illustrated the complexity of the women‘s volunteer participation. The findings suggested that their sport passion and identity guided many of their actions and activities throughout their life, such as choices for higher education and within professional work. In addition, the findings showed that it was their personal experiences and gained knowledge about gender disadvantages in sport that initially stimulated and then repeatedly reinforced their interests and commitment. Although these had strong impacts on the women‘s entrance into and commitment to the cause, the findings highlighted that the women had to identify the conditions of their relationships, family, and types of paid work to be compatible with levels of volunteering. The study concluded that sport researchers can benefit from examining volunteers from a holistic perspective to gain a better understanding of the conditions under which individuals make such an extreme, voluntary contribution to sport.

This research investigates volunteer tourists’ motivations and on-site experiences, alongside hosts’ attitudes towards volunteer tourists at the Home and Life orphanage in Phang Nga province, Thailand. An interpretive paradigm utilising qualitative data collection methods (semi-structured interviews, a focus group, participant observation and diaries) was adopted. The informants included twenty-four volunteer tourists, on a working vacation at the Home and Life orphanage between 1stJuly and 30th September 2011, and twenty hosts from Thai Muang subdistrict. The findings of the research suggest that the volunteer tourists’ motivations and on-site experiences are multidimensional. Five main themes of motivations have been identified: (i) to help the children who were affected by the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami; (ii) to gain personal development and growth; (iii) to gain new experiences; (iv) to learn about/be immersed in local culture; and (v) to meet and make friends. Amongst these, a desire to help the children was the most dominant motivational factor, which was strongly influenced the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. In terms of the volunteer tourists’ on-site experiences, four experiential dimensions were found: (i) personal development and growth; (ii) social; (iii) cultural; and (iv) feeling. The study suggests that the children had played a significant role in making the volunteer tourists’ experience a beneficial one because they were an important source for cultural learning and their lives had taught a number of things to the volunteer tourists. This research also investigates hosts’ attitudes towards the volunteer tourists. It was found that they had very positive attitudes towards the volunteer tourists, based upon two main factors: the volunteer tourists’ conduct and performance; and the perceived benefits they gained from the work of these tourists. The opportunity for the children to study English with English native speakers was cited as the most significant benefit. However, the hosts also had concerns about some aspects of the volunteer tourists’ behaviour and perceived underperformance, which were found to be mainly the result of cultural differences. Additionally, interactions and relationships between volunteer tourists and hosts were also examined by using social exchange theory. The study suggests that the interactions were reciprocal, and that both the volunteer tourists and the hosts enjoyed satisfactory benefits from one another: the volunteer tourist had a desired experience, and the hosts gained benefits from the work of the volunteer tourists.

This thesis explains the emergence of volunteer tourism. By utilizing both a personal experience of volunteer tourism and comparing it to similar experiences described in online Blogs, several preliminary conclusions were made. For comparisons, the motivations, living conditions, and relationships formed for all volunteer tourists were similar. The major findings indicate that further research on the written blogs of volunteer tourists will enable research to understand the lasting impacts of volunteer tourism on both the host and the volunteers.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-68).<br>The study examines two volunteer programmes in Cape Town offered to international volunteers, presents the positive and negative outcomes of these programmes and analyses their value for all parties concerned. On the basis of the data gathered during eight weeks of fieldwork, I argue that these programmes are of value to both the volunteers and to the recipients of their services, albeit in different ways. The positive responses from both sides were significant indicators of the success of the programmes and of the various benefits for all parties. Open-mindedness, enthusiasm and a positive attitude on the part of the volunteers were key characteristics that had a considerable and positive effect on both their and the recipients' experiences.

This thesis discusses the British government’s construction of global citizenship on its recently launched (2011) International Citizen Service (ICS) programme that sends volunteers abroad to work on international development projects. The thesis has two objectives. The first is to understand global citizenship on the ICS programme as it takes shape in a climate of neoliberal policy making. The second is to produce a piece of ‘socially engaged’ research that looks towards a better future. The thesis unfolds as an account of global citizenship as it is produced through the discursive rationalities and circulated affects that have come to define contemporary modes of neoliberal governance. This part of the discussion argues that through ICS the government constructs a markedly neoliberalised version of global citizenship, based on “soft” understandings of development and a heavy emphasis on self-advancement. The inquiry then moves on to consider research performances and how best to conceptualise the relationship between power and people. The case is made that power-centric accounts can reinforce the dominance of power and consequently ‘a better future’ in research might explore the aspects of social life that do not defer to expressions of power. Taking this position to ethnographic data collected from ICS project sites in India the thesis then examines the ways that volunteers contest, subvert and resist the government’s version of global citizenship. As a response to the earlier exploration of rationalities and affects, the presentation of the data illustrates the ways that volunteers on the one hand critically engage with development issues while on the other establish strong affective relationships with host communities. Together, these perspectives show volunteers capable of resisting neoliberal iterations of global citizenship. Instead, the volunteers on the ICS programme practice creative and affective interpretations of global citizenship that, in important ways, transcend the impositions of power and, in so doing, look towards a better future.

This qualitative research study explores how a group of 27 British undergraduate students make meaning of their experiences as they prepare for, participate in, and reflect upon a short-term international volunteer excursion in Kenya. Through a thematic analysis of verbal and visual text (semi-structured interviews, field notes and photographic content posted to Facebook), I seek to understand the narrative claims young people come to make about this unique life episode. In particular, I examine how study participants take-up and employ notions of ‘authenticity’ within their personal travel narratives, and on what bases they claim to have encountered the ‘real Kenya.’ Here, I document the specific criteria participants drew upon to assert the value and legitimacy of their experience, including the remoteness of their destination, their engagement in ‘everyday’ Kenyan life, and their intimate interactions with local people. Next, I explore participants' attempts to differentiate themselves from 'other' volunteers - a grouping they referred to broadly (and derogatorily) as 'voluntourists.' Here, I detail the extent to which the critiques associated with international volunteering have become adopted into mainstream discourse, thereby helping to shape which identities (and particular labels) young travellers embrace and contest. Finally, I analyse the ways participants navigate difficult representational choices when communicating their international volunteer experiences to a public audience via social media. Revealing these practices is key to understanding young people’s impression management strategies and the types of ‘performances’ in which they may be invested. Overall, this thesis is positioned as a sociological inquiry, theoretically informed by the dramaturgical perspective of Erving Goffman and the field of whiteness studies. I further situate findings within the context of late or liquid modernity.

Includes bibliographical references.<br>What motivates a group of young people from a disadvantaged community spend between 20 and 50 hours every week in a voluntary organisation in their area? This dissertation has studied young volunteers aged between 18 and 28, who are working in a non-govemmental organisation (NGO) operating in a disadvantaged local community on the Cape Flats in Cape Town, South Africa. The aim of this research was to gain knowledge of their motivations for being full-time volunteers for this NGO. This is a qualitative, ethnographic study, which seeks to provide information about the young volunteers and volunteering in a descriptive way. The methods used for data collection have been participative observation, interviews, personal conversations, drawings of social network maps and a questionnaire. The numbers of interviewees are 12 in total, viz. ll volunteers and the Manager of the NGO. Clary et al (1992) created an empirical instrument that can be used to map out an individual's reasons for volunteering, namely the 'volunteers function inventory' (VFI), which suggest 6 main motivations for volunteering. This functional approach for studying motivation applies to volunteers in high-risk communities because it relates the individual’s psychological functions to his/her experiences, current life situation and stage of development. The data analysis in this study indicates that there are several motivations at stake, which can operate at the same time as well as change over time. In Cole's recent study (2004), she found that there does not appear to be any one motivational reason for volunteering. People do volunteer work for different reasons, but for volunteers from high-risk communities, values are very important motivators: "I feel compassion toward people in need" seems to apply to the majority of the volunteers who participated in this study. In addition to value based motivations for volunteering, the following three motivations are to be found in this group of 11 volunteers: the social bene&#64257;ts of volunteering, the personal development of being a volunteer and, last but not least, the love for the work they are doing.

Alors que le paradigme de la société de la connaissance tend à investir de plus en plus les champs politiques, économiques et sociaux, appréhender le phénomène du volontariat solidaire international sous ce prisme permet de mettre en avant les relations entre employabilité, citoyenneté et identité cognitive. En effet, le volontariat s’inscrit dans une tension entre une vision utilitariste à travers l’acquisition de compétences, une vision collective à travers sa contribution à l’intérêt général, et une conception individuelle liée à la construction identitaire. Etudier le volontariat solidaire à l’international sous l’angle de sa dimension formative et de ses potentielles répercussions dans la suite des parcours professionnels de jeunes adultes participe donc, à notre sens, d’une réflexion plus globale sur les fins et les moyens des apprentissages dans notre société. C’est à partir des parcours professionnels d’anciens volontaires que nous nous sommes intéressées aux répercussions de ce type d’expériences : qu’apprend-on au cours d’expériences de volontariat solidaire à l’international ? Comment ces apprentissages influent-ils dans la suite des parcours professionnels ? Dans quelle mesure les expériences de volontariat jouent-elles un rôle dans le rapport au travail de celles et ceux qui les vivent ?<br>The paradigm of knowledge society is increasing significantly in political, economic, and social fields. Understanding international volunteering through this lens enables to highlight the links between employability, citizenship and cognitive identity. Indeed, volunteering lies within a tension between a utilitarian vision through skill acquisition, a collective vision by contributing to common interest, and an individual conception linked to identity building. Studying international volunteering for solidarity from the point of view of its formative dimension and its potential impacts on young adults' career paths, contributes to a global reflection on the ends and means of learning in society. Based on career paths of former volunteers, this thesis looks at these experiences' repercussions: what does one learn during an international volunteering experience? What impact does this learning have on career paths' developments? How far are volunteering experiences instrumental in participants' relation to work?

The primary aim of this study is to investigate young people´s motives and expectations for participating in the action two “European Voluntary Service” (EVS) under the Youth In Action programme supported by the European Commission at the youth center Villa Elba in Finland. The study also aims to identify which competences the young people think they have developed through EVS. The study consists of one group interview and one focus group interview with ten EVS volunteers in total who accomplish short-term EVS and long term EVS during one month respectively nine months. The methodology is based upon a qualitative research approach and in order to reach a better understanding of the respondents’ motives for participating in EVS, the theories modernity, reflexive project of the self and the individualized society were chosen. The study is also based upon background information about EVS and earlier research. The results indicate that the EVS volunteers’ main motives for participating in EVS were: acquiring new skills, meet new people, and experience an adventure in another country. The most common competence developments turned out to be in the areas of language, social and initiative skills. Moreover, the study demonstrates that many young people in Europe face difficulties in getting into the labour market and becoming independent. The main reason is the economic recession which has severely affected the situation for young people in Europe and this is also confirmed by earlier research. Even though the respondents had positive opinions about their EVS project, criticism was raised towards the European Union´s ideas of creating a feeling of European Citizenship through programmes such as EVS.

Volunteering overseas has become a popular activity among individuals from developed countries. Governments in these countries often provide volunteer opportunities as part of their aid programs. In Australia, the Australian Government’s Australian Volunteers for International Development (AVID) program offers opportunities for hundreds of skilled Australians to volunteer overseas every year in a range of sectors, organisations and roles. The program and its assignments aim to build the capacity of host organisations in priority fields identified by Australian and partner governments. This thesis seeks to understand how the experience of volunteering is represented by AVID, as well as the range of experiences had by current and former volunteers. The study draws on discourses of development, in particular colonial discourses and the role of volunteers in development. Content and discourse analysis is applied to 10 texts produced by AVID to understand how these representations construct and contribute to discourses of development and power relations. In addition, perspectives of volunteers collected via a survey and interviews are analysed to understand the views and experiences of AVID participants. The findings are compared, revealing both alignment and disconnect between the stories being told about volunteering and the broader realities of the volunteer experience.

A tese propõe uma investigação no âmbito das Relações Internacionais sobre a intervenção e aplicabilidade dos projetos da Assistência Médica Internacional (AMI) nos Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP). A pesquisa e análise de conteúdos centra-se no período temporal compreendido entre os anos de 1987 (data da primeira missão internacional da AMI num PALOP) e 2011, com o objetivo de escrutinar os níveis de cooperação e assistência no âmbito dos Direitos Humanos. Assim são verificadas as mudanças e continuidades da intervenção da AMI nestes países, apontando as interações desenvolvidas com as comunidades locais, com as entidades governamentais, numa perspetiva de análise da sua intervenção e dos seus níveis fundamentais, no qual o voluntariado assume uma importância imprescindível. Nesta lógica, o estudo das distintas motivações destes atores (voluntários) no cenário internacional, a sua atuação de acordo com as diferentes caraterísticas de cada PALOP, acaba por apontar avanços no entendimento da realidade, desenvolvendo neste trabalho situações reais dos projetos da AMI no contexto africano, e da sua intervenção em cada um deles; “The importance of AMI intervention in the PALOP regarding volunteering and its consequences” Abstract: This project proposes an investigation through International Relations about the intervention and the applicability of AMI projects in countries where Portuguese is the official language. With the aim of analysing the levels of cooperation and assistance concerning to Human Rights this research analysis the period from the first international mission of AMI in PALOP countries in 1987 to 2011. The changes and continuities of AMI intervention in these countries are verified, pointing out the interactions within local communities, government agencies, in a prospective of analysis of their intervention and their fundamental levels, in which volunteering plays an essential role. Following this line of thought, the study of the different motivations of volunteers considering as an actor in the international arena, as well as their performance according to the different characteristics of each PALOPs country, end suppointing advances in the understanding of reality, developing in this work real situations of the projects of AMI in the African context, and its intervention in each of them.

Voluntary service is experiencing transition. This transition is marked by social, symbolic and policy changes that have transformed the relationship between paid and unpaid work, and is reordering the connection between voluntary practice and professional expertise. Giddens (1998) identified this as the third way. Rose (2000) sees this transformation as a strategy embodying a tacit regime around the economic transactions that implicate the agent in self-governance based on normative moral possibilities, thus ordering the moral subject. Research has not yet established the fundamental elements of this transforming logic, or the mechanisms by which oppositions such as paid and unpaid are being resolved by voluntary organisations. The thesis argues that third way commentators’ view of the bureaucratic transformation of voluntary service that examines “historical and social conditions, professional strategies, and disciplinary stakes and constraints…” (Shusterman, 1999: 10) does not account for the nature of service, or the practice and logic of that service. Therefore this study interrogates the notion and logic of service for the nature of the discourse and experience of service at the time of the move toward the third way, the point that voluntary values and practices meeting economic action. This logic is examined and extrapolated by empirical examination of the case service in Rotary and Zonta, organisations whose members are professional and act in voluntary positions. Bourdieu’s (for example 1984[1979], 1998, 2002[1977]) work on the logic of practice (featuring field, habitus and practice) frames the theoretical exploration of the embeddedness and logic of a particular social object in the context of practice. Exploring the field, habitus and practice for aspects of service suggests a multidimensional approach that investigates the discourse, experience, dispositions and contextual practice of service. Thus the study of service is conducted by collecting data from codes of professional conduct and objectives of Rotary and Zonta (the discursive level of interpretation); professionals’ experience and interpretation of volunteering (where the habitus of volunteers is made visible); and observations of practice and order at Rotary and Zonta meetings. The data was collected and analysed using Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical analysis (1969a, 1969b, 1989), Erving Goffman’s footing (Burns, 1992; Goffman, 1981), and Harvey Sacks’ indexicality and membership categorisation analysis (Lepper, 2000; Sacks, 2000[1992]). This study examines and reports on elements and relationships in the service discourse such as expertise, judgment and discretion; aspects of the logic of service exhibited in professional agent’s experience of voluntary service, including agency and professional ethics; and the rituals practiced by professionals in the voluntary context. Many of these elements are contextual components of the opposition between economic and symbolic values in the voluntary setting. Empirical evidence presented in this study suggests that voluntary service when practiced within the new frame of economic rationales and bureaucratic structures does not amalgamate opposing sectors so much as expose a common logic of service.

<p>Umeå is a city that is known for its music scene. Credible bands and artists have consequently sprung out and put the city on the map for as long the authors of this paper can remember. The city has a specific image and this study seeks to shine a light on how this came to be. Has there been a conscious marketing strategy in order to gain the reputation that Umeå has, or is the city’s music scene so prominent that it speaks for itself? Data for the study were collected through conducting qualitative interviews with the producers of the two music festivals Umeå Open and Umeå International Jazz Festival. The results show that cultural visions and marketing are constantly interacting, but to the authors’ knowledge, no conscious decisions have previously been taken to market Umeå as a city of music. Still, with current acts like Deportees, David Sandström and Frida Hyvönen just to mention a few, the image of Umeå is more justified than ever.</p>

A côté des grandes ONG qui bénéficient d'une visibilité dans l'espace public national, de nombreux citoyens décident, suite à une expérience vécue dans ou avec le Sud (voyage, résidence, adoption, etc.), de « faire quelque chose » pour améliorer les conditions de vie des populations rencontrées et, avec le concours de quelques amis, créent leur propre association de solidarité internationale. Dans un contexte marqué par la recherche d'une meilleure efficacité des interventions menées dans les pays du Sud, leitmotiv de l'injonction à plus de professionnalisme de la part des acteurs, cette thèse étudie les discours et les pratiques de ces citoyens « ordinaires » afin de mettre en lumière le rôle qu'ils jouent dans le champ du développement à travers l'animation de ces « initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale » (IPSI). Plus précisément, dans la tradition interactionniste de la sociologie des groupes professionnels, nous nous intéressons au processus dialectique par lequel les responsables salariés des ONG et les responsables bénévoles des IPSl construisent et définissent leur légitimité d'amateur et de professionnel, en tant qu'acteur de développement. La sociologie de l'action publique nous invite également à étudier l'influence que les pouvoirs publics, par leurs instruments, ont sur la responsabilité et la légitimité des acteurs, sur leurs interactions, sur leur reconnaissance mutuelle. L'injonction externe au professionnalisme provenant également des exigences formulées par les partenaires du Sud, nous nous intéressons enfin, de manière transversale, aux perceptions de ces derniers, dans le cas de projets soutenus au Sénégal<br>Alongside established, high-profile non-governmental organisations (NGOs), many individuals decide that they need to "do something" to improve the lives of the people they have met (while travelling, living in another country or adopting a child, etc.). These people join forces with a small group of friends to set up their own development organisations (referred, to hereafter as "popular development initiatives", or PDIs). At present, one of the major concerns in international development cooperation is to make development workers more professional in the interest of better aid effectiveness. This thesis therefore looks at the discourses and practices of these "ordinary" citizens, in order to highlight their role and to identify key issues for this sector. More specifically, we study the dialectic process by which NGO staff and PDI volunteers build and define their professional and amateur legitimacy as development actors, through the prism of the interactionist perspective of the sociology of professional groups. We also draw on the sociology of public action to consider how public authorities, through their policy tools, influence the responsibility and legitimacy of these actors, the interactions between them, and their mutual recognition. The need for professionalism also stems from demands by local partners in the developing world, so we have taken an interest in their perceptions in the case of Senegal

Volunteers, governments, agencies and organizations from the North have too often defined the benefits and limitations of international volunteer programs without incorporating the perspectives of the organizations they seek to help. In fact, scholars and practitioners have relied on Northern experiences to develop a critical analysis of this development practice. As the experiences of the South are often absent from the conversations about international volunteerism, the goal of this thesis is to leverage the voices and the stories of Southern hosts to further understand the impact of international volunteerism. The research draws on the experiences of host organizations in Uganda. The interviewed participants are Ugandans who have worked with international volunteers to address various development issues. A review of the existing literature on international volunteerism, combined with the field research, support the analysis of the benefits and limitations of international volunteerism from the perspectives of host organizations. It also enables an exploration of the agency of volunteerism and determines key principles to empower host organizations and their employees. Thus, the analysis establishes the following conclusions: international volunteers are valuable actors for Southern hosts; volunteer programs must consider the impact, the challenges and the recommendations identified by host organizations and their communities; international volunteers enable alternative voices to be heard; and volunteerism fosters cooperation and partnerships within the Global South.

Dans cette enquête ethno-sociologique sur la solidarité internationale au Maroc auprès de 24 ONG (de nationalités française, espagnole, italienne, canadienne et marocaine), nous avons pris le parti de focaliser notre recherche sur les expatriés et le personnel national (de 9 nationalités différentes) en tenant compte du sens que donnent les acteurs à cet engagement et ces pratiques de solidarité internationale tout en restituant les parcours et les conditions sociales de l’entrée dans la solidarité internationale.La première partie sera consacrée à la description du cadre d’intervention des ONG internationales au Maroc et les catégories objectives du personnel humanitaire : volontaire, stagiaire, bénévole et salarié. Puis, nous présenterons les processus de recrutement et les activités menées dans les ONG internationales tels qu’ils sont décrits par les acteurs. En définitive, nous questionnerons la tension entre travail et engagement, l’enchantement et le désenchantement.Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous attacherons à décrire les caractéristiques sociologiques des 68 acteurs humanitaires rencontrés en mettant en exergue les déterminants objectifs et subjectifs de l’engagement et du travail dans ce domaine d’activité. Nous finirons par établir une typologie des pratiques de la solidarité internationale donnant à voir un éthos commun d’une communauté partageant des affinités et des expériences culturelles d’autre part nous envisagerons les acteurs de la solidarité internationale comme un groupe professionnel.Enfin, la troisième section sera consacrée à questionner d’une part la pratique migratoire que constitue la mission de solidarité internationale et d’autre part les capitaux et pré-dispositions nécessaires pour la concrétiser. Nous montrerons que l’analyse du travail et de l’engagement via le cosmopolitisme permet de comprendre le sens à la fois objectif et subjectif que revêt ce type d’activité expatriée. Finalement, le travail en ONG est un moyen pour se réaliser et s’émanciper entre filiation et désaffiliation. Alors que cette action transnationale, orientée en valeurs et vers les autres, suppose une rencontre cosmopolite réussie, nous examinerons, à l’aune de la vie quotidienne, les décalages entre la rencontre attendue et la rencontre réalisée<br>This dissertation contributes to the work of international solidarity NGOs in Morocco through examining the motivations and commitments of their personals. The research focuses on expatriates and national staff, by analysing their career paths and social background, as well as taking into account the sense given to their personal commitments and professional practices while involving in the international solidarity work. The first part devoted to describe the intervention framework of international NGOs in Morocco and the objective of different categories of their humanitarian personals: trainee, volunteer and employee. It examines the processes of recruitment and activities / projects implemented by these international NGOs. Hence, it sought to understand the tensions between job requirements and personal commitments that produced both enchantment and disenchantment among the international solidarity staff. The second part intended to study the sociological characteristics of 68 humanitarian personals that are interviewed from French, Canadian, Spanish, Italian and Moroccan organizations. It highlights the objective and subjective factors that determine their personal commitments and professional performance in this field of work. Therefore, a typology of practices for international solidarity work was set to identify the common ethos within a shared community of different affinities and cultural backgrounds. In addition, it considered the international solidarity actors as professional group. The third part was questioning the migratory practice of the international solidarity mission on the one hand and the financial and pre-arrangements necessary to realize it on the other hand. Furthermore, cosmopolitanism analysis of job requirements and personal commitments was conducted in order to understand the meaning of both objective and subjective in this type of work for the expatriates. Finally, working with international solidarity NGOs becomes a way of achieving and emancipating between affiliation and disaffiliation. While this transnational action is based on values toward others and supposed to develop a successful cosmopolitan encounter, findings from this study reveal the gaps between the expectations and the achievements<br>En esta investigación etno-sociológica sobre la solidaridad en Marruecos (24 ONG de nacionalidad francesa, española, italiana, marroquí, canadiense), hemos centrado el estudio sobre los empleados expatriados y locales (de 9 nacionalidades diferentes) considerando a la vez el significado que los actores dan a este compromiso y a las prácticas de solidaridad restituyendo las carreras y las condiciones sociales de la entrada en la ONG. La primera parte está dedicada a la descripción del marco de intervención de las ONG internacionales en Marruecos y las categorías objetivas de los empleados humanitarios: voluntarios, asalariados, voluntarios no retribuidos y pasantes. Después, expondremos los procedimientos de selección y las actividades cumplidas. Finalmente, preguntaremos la tensión entre el trabajo y el compromiso, el encanto y el desencanto que produce el trabajo humanitario. Luego en la segunda parte, realizaremos la descripción de las características sociales de los 68 empleados destacando los determinantes objetivos y subjetivos del compromiso y del trabajo en este sector profesional. Acabaremos estableciendo una tipología de las prácticas de la solidaridad internacional dando a ver un ethos común de una comunidad compartiendo experiencias culturales considerándola como un grupo profesional. Por fin, la tercera parte será centrada por una vez preguntando la práctica migratoria que constituye la misión de solidaridad internacional y por otra vez las predisposiciones necesarias para su realización. Vamos a demostrar que el análisis del compromiso y del trabajo humanitario vía el cosmopolitismo permite entender el sentido objetivo y subjetivo que lleva este tipo de actividad. Finalmente, el trabajo humanitario es un medio para realizarse y emanciparse entre filiación y desafiliación. Mientras esta actividad internacional de valor y dirigida hacia los otros, supone un encuentro cosmopolita exitoso, examinaremos la vida cotidiana de los actores para destacar las disparidades entre un encuentro tan esperado y el encuentro cumplido<br>In questa inchiesta etnico-sociologica sulla solidarietà internazionale in Marocco – che prende in esame 24 ONG (di nazionalità francese, spagnola, italiana, canadese e marocchina) – abbiamo scelto di focalizzare la nostra ricerca sugli espatriati e sul personale nazionale (di 9 nazionalità diverse) tenendo conto del senso che gli agenti hanno dato a questo impegno e a queste pratiche di solidarietà internazionale e ricostruendo i percorsi e le condizioni sociali dalla loro entrata nella solidarietà internazionale. La prima parte sarà dedicata alla descrizione dell’intervento delle ONG internazionali in Marocco e alle categorie oggettive del personale umanitario: volontari, stagisti, impiegati. Successivamente, presenteremo in cosa consiste il processo di selezione e assunzione del personale e parleremo delle attività svolte nelle ONG internazionali, esattamente come vengono descritte dagli agenti stessi. In ultima analisi, ci interrogheremo sulla tensione tra lavoro e impegno, ciò a cui aspiriamo e ciò che effettivamente realizziamo. In un secondo momento, descriveremo le caratteristiche sociologiche dei 68 agenti umanitari che abbiamo incontrato, valorizzando le caratteristiche oggettive e soggettive dell’impegno e del lavoro in questo campo di attività. Finiremo per stabilire l’esistenza di un modello di pratica di solidarietà internazionale, mostrando che esiste un ethos comune in una comunità che condivide delle affinità e delle esperienze culturali simili, e dall’altra parte prenderemo in considerazione gli agenti della solidarietà internazionale come gruppo professionale. Infine, la terza sezione sarà dedicata ad approfondire da una parte la pratica migratoria che la missione di solidarietà internazionale costituisce e dall’altra parte i capitali e le predisposizioni necessari per concretizzarla. Mostreremo, poi, che l’analisi del lavoro e dell’impegno permette di comprendere, attraverso il cosmopolitismo, il senso alla volta oggettivo e soggettivo che questo tipo di attività riveste. In ultimo possiamo dire che il lavoro in un’ONG è un mezzo per realizzarsi ed emanciparsi al di là dell’affiliazione e della disaffiliazione alle società. Poiché questa azione trans-nazionale, orientata ne dare valore agli altri, presuppone un incontro cosmopolita funzionante, esamineremo nella vita quotidiana, la differenza tra l’incontro atteso e quello che effettivamente abbiamo realizzato<br>تعالج هذه الأطروحة القضايا المتصلة بالتضامن الدولي في المغ رب، وقد تم التركيز فيه على المغتربين والموظفينالوطنيين أخذا بعين الاعتبار المعنى الذي يعطوه هؤلاء الفاعلون لهذا الالتزام ولممارسات التضامن الدولي، مع استحضارالمسارات والشروط الاجتماعية التي أدت إلى دخولهم هذا العالم.وقد خصص الجزء الأول من هذه الأطروحة ل وصف إطار عمل المنظمات غير الحكومية الدولية في المغرب وأنواع أهدافهذه الفئة من الموظفين المشتغلين في المجال الإنساني: المتطوع وذا العالمن والمتدربون والموظفون. وكذا وصف مسلسلات انتقاءالمتعاقد معهم في كل واحدة من هذه الفئات والأنشطة التي تنظمها المنظمات غير الحكومية الدولية كما جاء وصفها علىلسان الفاعلين أنفسهم. حيث درسنا التوترات القائمة بين العمل المهني والالتزام الجمعوي، بين الرغبة الجامحة والإحباط.وقمنا في مرحلة ثانية بوصف الخاصيات والسمات الاجتماعية للفاعلين 68 الذين تم اللقاء بهم بمناسبة إعداد الأطر وحة،وكذا إماطة اللثام عن المحددات الموضوعية والذاتية للالتزام والعمل في هذا المجال. حيث انتهى بنا المطاف بتحديد نوعيةممارسات التضامن الدولي، القائمة على فكر مشترك تتقاسمه مجموعة لها قواسم وتجارب ثقافية مشتركة، على اعتبار العاملينفي هذا المجال مجموعة مهنية قائمة الذات.وعالج الجزء الثالث من الأطروحة ممارسة الهجرة المرتبطة بمهام التضامن الدولي وكذا الرساميل والمؤهلات المستبقة الضروريةلتجسيدها. وسنظهر أن تحليل هذه الجهود وهذا الالتزام عبر منظور الكونية كفيل بتوضيح الصورة وفهم المعاني الموضوعيةوالذاتية المتصلة بهذا النشاط. هذا ويعتبر العمل داخل المنظمات غير الحكومية أخيرا وسيلة لتحقيق الذات والتحرر ما بينالارتباط وفك الارتباط. حيث يقتضي هذا العمل العابر للحدود الوطنية، الموجه من حيث القيم والمستهدف للآخرين،نجاح اللقاء الكوني، وهو ما قمنا بفحصه انطلاقا من الحياة اليومية والتفاوت بين اللقاء المنتظر واللقاء الحقيقي

An increasing interest in international volunteer service (IVS) has resulted in a large number of companies offering volunteers from developed countries the opportunity to work with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and service organisations in developing countries. Amidst a growing body of research into the impacts and benefits of different IVS models, there remains limited literature available on whether IVS can be harmful. A study, entitled 'AIDS orphan tourism: A threat to young children in residential care' by Richter and Norman has given some prominence to IVS harm in residential child care settings and, in part, motivated this study. This descriptive case study explores how benefits and harm in shortterm international volunteer service (STIVS) is understood and experienced by both international volunteers (IVs) and local host organisations (LHOs). The study places emphasis on whether IVs had considered harm prior to starting their IVS, and whether IVs and LHOs shared similar understandings or concerns to those identified in the Richter and Norman study. A problem-driven framework, drawing on quantitative and qualitative approaches, was used to explore the understanding of harm and benefit by IVs and LHOs. The study adopted a mixed methods approach to obtain data from a variety of sources. Univariate statistics, percentages, thematic and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Data was collected between the 27th May and the 31st August 2014 in Cape Town, South Africa. Cross- Cultural Solutions South Africa (CCS-SA) provided the study site, with all field work for this study integrated into the regular operational, monitoring and evaluation processes of the CCS-SA programme.

Constituting a proposal for a book talk associated with the scholarly title Foreign-Born American Patriots: Sixteen Volunteer Leaders of the Revolutionary War, the presenter of this session (and author of the book) will introduce the scholarly work to participants for the purpose of highlighting research based in contribution, rather than interpretation. The author will detail the means by which the investigation of human experience and work product, storylines/patterns, and social cause may provide the context for creative scholarly works. The author will also reveal the unique contribution of Foreign Born American Patriots to historical and Southern Studies discourse, the book serving, up through the date of this proposal, as the only collective work regarding those foreigners who helped the newly formed United States defeat the British Army (many battles fought in the Southern States).

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>公共行政暨政策學系<br>105<br>Global mobility is an important direction of educational policy, our goal is to expand students’ international vision, cultivate international competitive strength, among them, international mobility contains communication, adaptability, profession and the ability to practice. In this thesis, we study and analyzing those students’ self-evaluation to know the impact of global mobility of the college students who has attended International volunteering, to understand the current situation and the problem of global mobility. To understand the situation of the college students attending global volunteer, we applied document analysis and survey investigation method to collect the information we need. By studying relative article, we could infer from the relative article about the concept of global volunteering, the current situation of the clubs of global volunteering in colleges, and then cut in by with the respect of global mobility; we use static analysis of the survey to understand the college students’ improvement on global mobility, and then bring out our conclusions and suggestions. Our study shows joining global volunteering does a great improvement on global mobility, especially in the acceptance in other culture and interest on global. In communication, there are also a great improvement in English; communication between different culture, it is improved the most on understanding South-East Asian people’s communication behavior. On adaptability, in the entry of the acceptance of different culture and adaptability of different country, it shows that, to whom with the experience of having attended global volunteering is much easier to establish good relationship with people in different country. On their professional, owing to the attendants of the clubs were all from different department of college, and the work of volunteering was almost nonprofessional service, we could know that the cultivation of profession was auxiliary property of global volunteering. On the ability of practice, the students with global volunteering experience is more willing to go to other country, but there still some other practical conditions. At last, this thesis concludes the exploration above to brings out suggestions to the group of global volunteering.

Much of our current research about volunteering in later life has been conducted with respondents who dedicate their time and effort to volunteer in their home communities. Some, however, choose to travel to developing countries to volunteer in a number of initiatives. Little research has been done that focuses on what influences their desire and motivation to volunteer in this particular context, what meaning is derived from it, and how it impacts their perception of wellbeing and health in later years. Using an interpretative phenomenological methodology, this project attempted to discover how older Canadians experienced the phenomenon of volunteering in developing countries, asking the questions: What are the factors that lead some older people to choose to travel to volunteer in a developing country at this particular time in their lives? What were the circumstances in their lives that enabled them to be able to make this choice? What meaning did/do they derive from it? In what ways did this experience impact their perceived life satisfaction, health and well-being? The data gathering strategy involved collecting information directly from those who have participated in this phenomenon: interviews with 12 participants, ranging from age 62 to 80, were conducted. In order to understand the context of this experience, the research design also involved gathering demographic data about the participants’ life situations. Interview data gathered from the study were initially analyzed using coding techniques of the constant comparative method. The interpretative phenomenological analysis led to the discovery of core categories in the data, which were then clustered into a conceptual framework. A wealth of concept-rich data emerged to form four key properties that contribute significantly to further understanding about this phenomenon: a significant, disruptive event had occurred in their lives, at a time preceding their volunteer experience; the conviction of being led or guided into pursuing this choice; the discovery of feeling instantly welcomed into a place of belonging, where each felt instantly at home and connected in meaningful ways; and an experience of marginalization, isolation and loss of meaning upon their return home, necessitating a need to ‘re-balance’ their lives and find ways to continue to find meaning. This research study will inform the discourses about elder health and wellbeing, and volunteering in later life, particularly about the social movement of elder volunteering in developing countries. It will contribute to theories of how, and in what ways, older adults achieve meaning and purpose by positively negotiating life transitions, re-inventing themselves, learning and adopting new roles, and creating new behaviours and identities, all of which can contribute to healthy aging in later life.<br>Graduate

碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>區域與社會發展學系碩士班<br>106<br>The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of college students participating in the international volunteer work before, during and after the project. Objectives to understand the motivation and preparation for international volunteer participation, the predicament faced by international volunteers and the ways to deal with them, and the growth and reflection of international volunteers after their participation in the service. And make recommendations based on the conclusions of the study so as to provide a reference for future international volunteers, heads of international volunteer teams and school leaders. In order to achieve this goal, this study adopts a semi-structured interviews of qualitative research to collect, collate and analyze data, and invited 10 international college volunteers to interview. The findings and results are as follows: 1.International volunteers mainly participate in activities through such channels as the after-school instruction groups, service learning centers and student clubs in schools. 2.International volunteers to provide services in the way there are two ways to provide professional skills and labor services. 3.The motivation of international volunteers to participate is self-interest, altruism and other factors. 4.The plight of international volunteers comes from their own factors, lack of service conditions, members have not yet formed a tacit understanding and funding for the four aspects. 5.International volunteers adopted a variety of responses and are positive. 6.Involvement in international volunteering helps to improve one's ability, change of values and change of mentality. 7.To participate in international volunteering, not only internalize the service process, but also develop students' empathy in different places.

碩士<br>育達商業科技大學<br>休閒事業管理系碩士班<br>101<br>The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of international volunteering on women’s life experience. Under the traditional restrictions of gender and the roles in the family, how do women overcome the obstacles before their international volunteering? How do women face the challenges overseas? In what ways does the volunteering experience have an influence on women? These questions were explored by means of a phenomenological study, and in-depth interviews, conducted by a semi-structured interview guide, were used to collect the data needed. A sample of eight international female volunteers was involved in this research, and thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. The findings of this research are as follows: (1) Women’s motives to become international volunteers are of self-oriented and other-oriented. (2) In order to participate in international volunteering, women need to overcome many obstacles including themselves, their families, society, as well as the expenses which form a major part of the obstacles to overcome. (3) Time allowed, family support, and financial subsidies are the factors that help women to volunteer overseas. (4) During overseas service, women volunteers have to face the gap between the ideal and the reality, to receive the challenges to their work, and to adapt to a different cultural circumstance. (5) Personal growth, relationship expansion, and family relationship improvement are the major influence on women after their international volunteering experience.

IN ENGLISH Along growing international cooperation, multicultural interconnectedness and generally improving social situation in Europe a number of international volunteering activities is growing. Much has already been written regarding motivation for such activities as well as about general perception od necessity to help others as a component of well developer civic society but until now there has not been described in detail how such long term international volunteering experience is perceived by volunteers themselves. This Diploma Thesis is a qualitative case study analysing experience of volunteering of six international volunteers from the European Union countries as well as from the countries out of the European Union. The research of their opinion and attitudes shows how they in relation with those opinion value benefits and losses in the Framework of their volunteering experience. In the triangualtion to the perspective of the volunteers, a perspective of all involved pupils and teachers is further analysed. Volunteers'experience is studied based on semi structured interviews, semantic diferential, time lines and their authorial products. To assess the perspective of pupils who reguraly met with the volunteers two anonymous questionnaires were issued. The perspective of involved teachers...

碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>公民教育與活動領導學系<br>97<br>Globalization impacts people in many ways, as it requires the transition to new citizenship which spans the boundaries of nations, culture, race, field, and space. Today, many countries face various “global risks” and need the collaboration of international government organizations, international non-governmental organizations (INGO), and the private efforts of citizens to overcome such problems. Volunteers working for INGO’s achieve great advancements in the area of international affairs. Also, I experienced valuable benefit to being an international volunteer in 2008 at Myanmar. Therefore, the purpose of this research will be to document the accounts of college students who became international volunteers, with information on their overall experience and work as a volunteer, and the overall effect the experience had in developing global citizenship. The methodology is based on qualitative study, and methods included group interview, and documentary analysis to discuss the research of two groups of college students, labeled as groups A and B. In 2008, both groups went to Myanmar Chinese schools for voluntary service. The research revealed that the experience from volunteering abroad can explore, develop, and even transform the characters, ideas, and overall attitude of global citizenship. Through the process of their service, the student volunteers reflect their breaking the limitation of the boundary, while experiencing intercultural diversity, international caring, interfiled partnership, new ideas, and attitude. Consequently, my findings sum up seven results of global citizenship characters through international volunteering as follows: 1. International volunteering can promote the ability of international dialogue while learning to live with different ethnic groups during the experience of international volunteer. 2. International volunteers can enrich and develop international caring and concern through “feel how they feel” and “if I were them”. 3. International volunteer can broaden a volunteer’s international view in “think globally and act locally” while cultivating the open mind of observation and reflection. 4. International volunteering can enhance the ability of international teamwork, communication and interfiled partnership. 5. International volunteering can promote professional capability while developing problem solving skills. 6. International volunteering can provide an extensive chance of youth civic engagement. 7. International volunteering provides a profoundly effective method in developing global citizenship. The findings have implications for those practicing and researching in the field of global citizenship, included the international voluntary training, knowledge of social sciences, trust, and professional capacity of service. Secondly, for those international volunteers, the attitude toward the service should be caring, but not compassion. Finally, for further research should in multiple ways.

The author performed action research over the two years between March 2006 and February 2008 with the Instituto Dois Irmãos (i2i), a non-governmental organization (NGO) in a low-income area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil consisting of a group of approximately 3-5 locals and 2-30 foreigners at any one time that in March 2006 offered few services and lacked the expertise or confidence to offer more. Together, participants and the author improved and increased the NGO’s services and implemented a reading room – a place of information and literacy – for Portuguese-speaking students of English. This dissertation describes participants’, the organization’s, and the author’s journey to transform the i2i into a better functioning organization and to create the NGO’s reading room. The analysis focuses on the practical learning that took place within the i2i. Throughout the research process, the author both made use of and questioned the concepts of participation and development. In the text, she also draws on the experiences of the i2i’s leaders and volunteers to question the prevailing notion of information as a social good. A critical understanding of these three notions is essential for the work of librarians, development professionals, and policymakers alike.<br>text

While the study of volunteer tourism has been growing over the past decade, there is limited literature that takes a global approach, whereby one explores the perspective of a number of stakeholder groups in such experiences. The aim of this project was to fill this gap by looking at the volunteer tourism experience from four perspectives, namely the volunteer, the organization, the host family, and the community at large. The focus in this case was on the experiences and expectations of these groups. The research was qualitative; based primarily upon interviews. The research for this project took place in Ghana. It was found that the three local stakeholders (the organization members, the host family members and people from the broader community) generally viewed the experience similarly. Volunteers often expressed views that set them apart from the other groups. Main themes for the groups generally revolved around cultural differences, communication and progression through stages of the experience. The stages of the experience showed three main stages, those referring to the time before the volunteer, during the volunteer???s stay and the time after the volunteer???s departure. Cultural differences included discussions of culture shock, stereotypes, and mis-communications in cross-cultural dialogue. Communication was a major issue, and was to be found lacking between all groups. In regards to communication there was also a suggestion for continuing contact and relationships between the locals and volunteers beyond the volunteer???s time in the community.

The term "Volunteering" as well as its sence has become well-known in today's society. Less knowledge we have about the process of preparations of volunteers before their final involvement in specific projects. This work focus on preparations of volunteers in organizations who operate in the field of humanitarian aid and development cooperation outside the European Union. The aim of this study is to survey particular phases of the contact between organizations and their volunteers especially the phase of training before sending the volunteers for their mission abroad. Volunteer's comments on the methods of preparations form a part of the work too. To reach the objective, the qualitative research was held, so that it was possible to describe the operating methods in focused organizations. During the research, the direct contact with volunteers and emloyees of organizations played an important role. The work is concluded with the survey of ascertained facts and resulting recomendations. Keywords: Volunteering, volunteer management, humanitarian aid, international development cooperation, volunteer preparation, training

This diploma thesis investigates international volunteering in the context of professional, personal and social development of young volunteers. In the theoretical part, definition, history, forms and subjects involved are presented, together with the impacts and ethical questions related to the field. Next, the professional, personal and social development is defined and international volunteering is put in light as a source of important skills. The empirical part is concerned with one specific form of international volunteering - workcamps. Firstly, organisation INEX-SDA, which sends hundreds of youngsters to workcamps each year, is introduced. Next, methodology and results of an original qualitative research focused on the role of workcamps in workcamp-participants' lifes are discussed. The results suggest that workcamps have various impacts on and connectedness with the participants' development, the professional as well as the personal and social. By some, the workcamp's impact on their life and development is perceived as subtle, while others see significant effects, workcamps had on their life and skills. Whole spectrum of skills and values that can be acquired on workcamps is revealed and described in relation to career and personal life. Key words international volunteering, international...

Since the 1960s, over 65,000 young Canadians have participated in volunteer abroad programs (Tiessen, 2008). Lately, the media and academia have questioned and criticized the benefits of volunteerism as development. This study highlights how issues of power and privilege extend beyond the individual, and reaches into institutional structures. The research design uses Institutional Ethnography (IE) as a method of inquiry, and maps out the social relations between the experiences of seven former youth volunteers and field staff, and their organizations. The aim is to explore how to improve individual and organizational pedagogy in the field of international volunteering, so that equity becomes a commitment by everyone in the development of sustainable and just communities.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)<br>This study examines the essential features of women’s experiences as members of a service association. It uses a qualitative method to understand how women make meaning from their membership in an all-female association and a mixed-gender association. The experiences were examined in comparative contexts. The study finds three common features in each association: joining, volunteering, and leading. In the mixed-gender association, women also experienced a process of assimilating into membership activities. The study provides scholars and association practitioners insights into the complex blend of members’ personal and professional interests with implications for membership recruitment and retention.