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Journal articles on the topic 'International Yacht Racing Union'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Herreshoff, Halsey C. "A History of America's Cup Yacht Racing." Marine Technology and SNAME News 29, no. 02 (1992): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1992.29.2.51.

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The 140-year history of the America's Cup, the oldest and most distinguished prize in world sport, is summarized from the author's vantage point of belonging to a family of boat designers and builders who contributed to the total dominance of American yachts from the beginning into the 1980s. Particulars and performance of the most important designs are illustrated. The sensational quarrel in the 1980s over how the design rules should be interpreted, culminating in the bizarre race of 1988, is described. The new International America's Cup Class is evaluated for the 1992 event in San Diego and
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2

MacLane, Duncan T. "The Cogito Project: Design and Development of an International C-Class Catamaran and Her Successful Challenge to Regain the Little America’s Cup." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 04 (2000): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.4.163.

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In January 1996, Cogito, the U.S. challenger, defeated the Australian defender, Yellow Pages Edge, by the score of 4–0 in the 22nd running of the International Catamaran Challenge Trophy. This brought the trophy, better known as the Little America's Cup, back to the United States after an eleven-year stay in Australia. The Cogito project was three years in length and encompassed the design/construction phase, initial sailing and tuning at her home, the Bristol Yacht Club in Bristol, Rhode Island, and the final training and competition at the race venue, McCrae Yacht Club on Port Philip Bay sou
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3

Strohmeier, Daniel D. "Fastnet Disaster: Capsizing Study." Marine Technology and SNAME News 22, no. 04 (1985): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1985.22.4.373.

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The 1979 Fastnet Race was beset by an intense gale that caught 303 yachts in the Western Approaches to the United Kingdom. Only 28 percent finished the 605-mile race. In the breaking seas 48 percent were knocked down to 90 deg and 33 percent beyond. Many capsized 360 deg, some pausing at 180 deg. In the disaster, 15 lives were lost. Why? A joint project of SNAME and United States Yacht Racing Union sought an understanding of the capsize phenomenon. Much has been learned, starting with tank testing. This paper touches on the highlights of that effort to date.
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4

Trinh, Giang Tue. "The attendance at sporting events: A generalized theory and its implications." International Journal of Market Research 60, no. 3 (2018): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785318774677.

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This article generalizes the well-known negative binomial distribution (NBD) theory to attendance behavior at sporting events. Using data from a large national survey across a range of sporting events in Australia, including Australian football, rugby league, soccer (outdoor), horse racing, motor sports, rugby union, cricket (outdoor), netball (indoor and outdoor), basketball (indoor and outdoor), harness racing, and dog racing, we show that the NBD is very robust in describing sporting event attendance behavior. This result has implications for sporting event marketing activities, such as whi
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5

Horne, Mark J. "The relationship of race discipline with overall performance in sprint and standard distance triathlon age-group world championships." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 12, no. 6 (2017): 814–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117738878.

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The study analysed data of 25 - to 29-year-old athletes from the 2015 International Triathlon Union Age-group World Championship. Four separate draft-illegal races were analysed (male standard, male sprint, female standard and female sprint). The correlation of individual race disciplines with overall finish time, and the variance accounted for by each discipline was considered. Running had the strongest relationship with finishing time in standard racing. Cycling had the strongest relationship in sprint racing. There were no gender differences in correlations or in the greatest predictors of
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6

Michalski, Tomasz. "Czy mamy do czynienia z regresem małych polskich portów i przystani morskich?" Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG 23, no. 5 (2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.032.13249.

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The aim of the article is to show how the hitherto important functions of small Polish ports and marinas are disappearing. This was done by analyzing the volume of cargo turnover, the number of international passengers and the gross tonnage (GT) of cutters. The analysis covers the years 1996-2018. It was found that the transhipments increased in Gdańsk, Gdynia and Świnoujście while decrease was observed in Szczecin and small ports. International passenger traffic (after a peak in 1997-2001 in some of them) is currently at a minimal level. Also after Poland’s accession into the European Union,
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7

McDonald-Walker, Suzanne. "Driven to Action: The British Motorcycle Lobby in the 1990s." Sociological Review 48, no. 2 (2000): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.00211.

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The creation of the first riders'-rights organization [RRO] at Mallory Park in 1960 heralded a transformation among Britain's motorcyclists. Until this time, motorcycling was exclusively a practical and/or social activity, the main organized expression of which was the Auto Cycle Union; a sports-oriented organization dedicated primarily to racing. However, since that time the riders'-rights organizations – that is, organizations dedicated not to motorcycles but to the political rights of motorcyclists – have expanded both nationally and on an international basis.
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8

Saycell, Jane, Mitch Lomax, Heather Massey, and Mike Tipton. "Scientific rationale for changing lower water temperature limits for triathlon racing to 12°C with wetsuits and 16°C without wetsuits." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 11 (2018): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098914.

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ObjectivesTo provide a scientific rationale for lower water temperature and wetsuit rules for elite and subelite triathletes.Methods11 lean, competitive triathletes completed a 20 min flume swim, technical transition including bike control and psychomotor testing and a cycle across five different wetsuit and water temperature conditions: with wetsuit: 10°C, 12°C and 14°C; without wetsuit (skins): 14°C and 16°C. Deep body (rectal) temperature (Tre), psychomotor performance and the ability to complete a technical bike course after the swim were measured, as well as swimming and cycling performan
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9

Wolfsthal, Jon Brook. "Why Arms Control?" Daedalus 149, no. 2 (2020): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01792.

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America survived the nuclear age through a complex combination of diplomatic and military decisions, and a good deal of luck. One of the tools that proved its value in both reducing the risks of nuclear use and setting rules for the ongoing nuclear competition were negotiated, legally binding, and verified arms control agreements. Such pacts between the United States and the Soviet Union arguably prevented the nuclear arms racing from getting worse and helped both sides climb off the Cold War nuclear precipice. Several important agreements remain in place between the United States and Russia,
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10

Etxebarria, Naroa, Jackson Wright, Hamish Jeacocke, Cristian Mesquida, and David B. Pyne. "Running Your Best Triathlon Race." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 5 (2021): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0838.

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Negative or evenly paced racing strategies often lead to more favorable performance outcomes for endurance athletes. However, casual inspection of race split times and observational studies both indicate that elite triathletes competing in Olympic-distance triathlon typically implement a positive pacing strategy during the last of the 3 disciplines, the 10-km run. To address this apparent contradiction, the authors examined data from 14 International Triathlon Union elite races over 3 consecutive years involving a total of 725 male athletes. Analyses of race results confirm that triathletes ty
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11

Boyd, S. W. "THE RE-EXAMINATION OF IOR YACHT PERFORMANCE – OBTAINING DATA FOR VELOCITY PREDICTION AND SENSITIVITY TO DATA ACCURACY AND QUALITY." International Journal of Small Craft Technology 159, B1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijsct.2017.b1.196.

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The International Offshore Rule (IOR) provided a handicap system for racing yachts in the 1970s, 80s and 90s. It was accepted worldwide and many of the famous yacht designers of today made their name in the high profile events that took place under this rule. There is a large body of commentary and opinion regarding yachts of this era, in which the rule allowed the designer to explore the design space in search of designs that rated lower than their size. Yachts, particularly in the early IOR era, were designed through experience, knowledge of the rule and inherent talent. Computing power was
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12

Miller, Paul H., and Michael G. Morabito. "Considerations of Hull Structural Deformation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Sailing Yachts." Journal of Ship Production and Design, January 24, 2023, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.10210025.

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Abstract The increasing availability of affordable finite element modeling software and computational fluid dynamics codes have given today’s sailing yacht designers tools that, in the past, were only available to designers of yachts competing in the most high-profile events. This paper provides a case study on the structural design of the International America’s Cup Class Yacht Stars & Stripes USA-34, which won the U.S. defender series, the Citizen Cup, leading up to the 29th America’s Cup competition in 1995. The authors have recently been able to publicly share this information, and fee
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13

Boyd, S. W. "Analysis of Yacht Performance Under the IOR Rule: The Relationship Between Geometry and Speed Potential." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 162, A4 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.2020.a4.232.

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The International Offshore rule (IOR) provided a handicapping system for racing yacht between 1972 and 1994. During this period great advances in both the materials used in construction and designs specifically to the rule, were made. The popular press discussed, at great length, how loopholes in the rules were exploited to gain a favourable rating. This led to the perception that the exploitation of geometric measurements was leading to boats with poor performance characteristics. This paper aims to address this, firstly through an analysis of the geometric parameters and their evolution thro
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14

Boyd, S. W. "ANALYSIS OF YACHT PERFORMANCE UNDER THE IOR RULE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOMETRY AND SPEED POTENTIAL." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 162, A4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v162ia4.1150.

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The International Offshore rule (IOR) provided a handicapping system for racing yacht between 1972 and 1994. During this period great advances in both the materials used in construction and designs specifically to the rule, were made. The popular press discussed, at great length, how loopholes in the rules were exploited to gain a favourable rating. This led to the perception that the exploitation of geometric measurements was leading to boats with poor performance characteristics. This paper aims to address this, firstly through an analysis of the geometric parameters and their evolution thro
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15

Palmer, Debbie, Geraint Florida-James, and Chris Ball. "Enduro World Series (EWS) Mountain Biking Injuries: A 2-year Prospective Study of 2010 Riders." International Journal of Sports Medicine, December 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1320-1116.

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AbstractThe sport of Enduro is the newest International Cycling Union sanctioned discipline in mountain biking. There are a number of studies reporting mountain biking injury to date however there are none detailing injuries in Enduro. The aim of the present study was to determine the rate, severity and nature of rider injury during the Enduro World Series. Rider injury, and race and practice exposure data were recorded prospectively during 10 events across the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Incorporating 2010 riders (males 90%; females 10%) from 46 countries. 8.9% of riders were injured with mean 12.
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