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Gunay, Sedat Ilgaz. "Internationalization Of Capital, Globalization, And The State." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614763/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, the relation between the internationalization of capital and the national state in the context of globalization is put under critical scrutiny. Elucidation of the dynamics of the globalization process constitutes a crucial significance for the understanding of the contemporary transformations in the capital accumulation and the state. It is aimed to propose a conceptual framework to transcend the dualist comprehensions between the political and economic, capital and the state, and global and national that are widespread within the analyses of globalization. It is asserted that dualist conceptualizations obscure the elucidation of the underlying social relations that pave the way for the internationalization of capital. It is argued that a relational perspective, which emphasizes the social relational character of the state and capital, can explicate the contradictory unity of the political and economic by conceiving these phenomena as forms of presence of the capitalist relations of production. It is claimed that a relational perspective provides a fertile framework of analysis for the elucidation of the process of globalization by overcoming the juxtaposition of the global capital and the national states through the argument that they exist in and through their internal relations within the capitalist relations of production. It is proposed that, the internationalization of capital should not be conceived as a recent phenomenon, but as an incessant process reconstituted through different forms beginning from the historical constitution of the capitalist relations of production. Furthermore, a relational perspective, which conceives the international system of national states not as in opposition to the international capital accumulation but as an indispensible internal part of it, is proposed. In the thesis, neo-Gramscian analyses, the regulation school and the relational approaches are critically examined in terms of their conceptualizations of the relations between the political and economic, capital and the state, and global and national. It is intended to propose a conceptualization that enables the elaboration of the continuity and unity of the internationalization of the capitalist relations as well as their differentiation and uneven development.
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Bendriss, Rachid. "Internationalization Efforts at State Universities in Florida." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2185.
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Today's global environment poses more and more challenges for higher education institutions to provide learning opportunities that enable students to become globally competent and prepared to face the challenges of an increasingly global society. For many universities, internationalizing their campuses can help students acquire knowledge, skills, and experiences to be able to compete in the global economy and become productive members of a diverse world society. The purpose of the study was to explore the extent to which internationalization had been realized in Florida's public universities by determining (1) whether there was a relationship between articulated commitment and the level of internationalization; (2) whether there was a relationship between curriculum and the level of internationalization; (3) whether there was a relationship between organizational infrastructure and the level of internationalization; (4) whether there was a relationship between funding and the level of internationalization; (5) whether there was a relationship between institutional investment in faculty and the level of internationalization; and (6) whether there was a relationship between international students/student programs and the level of internationalization. Data derived from the internationalization survey were used to analyze the six research questions by employing descriptive statistics, Pearson coefficient of correlation, and Chi-Square tests. There were strong positive correlations between the six categories noted above and the level of internationalization efforts in Florida public universities. Implications for practice include the development of various strategies to help internationalize their campuses and the student learning experience.<br>Ed.D.<br>Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership<br>Education<br>Educational Leadership EdD
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Arreola, Maria Fernanda. "The effects of state ownership in the internationalization of emerging multinationals." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11925.
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-28<br>This thesis is a collection of three different research projects analyzing the effect of state ownership in the internationalization of Emerging Multinationals (EMNEs). The participation of the state as shareholder is a phenomenon that can bring new light into the governance, management and strategic impact of having states participate as owners in different levels. These studies will allow us to explore, from different perspectives, the extent to which states, while owners, can impact the EMNE. The studies thee contained go from exploring the selection mechanisms for a firm to become the target of state ownership to its effect on the internationalization pace, passing through the revision of the mechanisms available for the state to gain control and access to a firm’s decision making, through changes to its corporate governance.<br>Esta tese é um compendio de três trabalhos de pesquisa que visam analisar o efeito da participação do estado na estrutura de propriedade das Multinacionais de Países Emergentes (EMNEs). A participação do estado como acionista é um fenómeno que pode trazer novas contribuições no âmbito da governança corporativa, administração da empresa e a tomada de decisões estratégicas. Os estudos aqui inclusos permitem identificar, a partir de momentos, diferentes, até que ponto o estado, na posição de proprietário da EMNE, pode impactar a mesma. Os trabalhos vão desde os mecanismos de escolha de firmas nas quais investir ate o impacto no ritmo de internacionalização das empresas, explicando também os mecanismos que o estado usa para ganhar aceso à tomada de decisões por meio de mudanças na governança corporativa
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Carrera, Junior José Marcos. "State ownership and Brazilian multinational enterprises: degree of internationalization and financial performance." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24473.
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Previous issue date: 2018-06-21<br>State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are a mechanism adopted by emerging countries to fulfill the need for investment in specific areas. Under import substitution industrialization (ISI) policy marked by state intervention in the economy, SOEs and national private companies became protected from foreign competition and enjoyed great market power. However, economic shocks during the 1970s and 1980s, along with the growing inefficiency of these enterprises due to agency problems, led to losses. During the 1990s, Latin-American countries opened their economy and undertook privatization programs. However, since strong national companies may be useful for the State because they control strategic resources, and in order to maintain national sovereignty by preventing the acquisition of SOEs by foreign investors, the Brazilian State kept a minority equity stake in these companies. In addition, the Brazilian State also invested in some companies to make them globally competitive ("national champions"), while also holding minority equity stakes to avoid their acquisition by foreigners. We argue that the government has not abandoned its previous policy of intervention in the economy, instead, it has adapted it to new circumstances. We evaluate the influence of state ownership on the companies’ degree of internationalization and performance. SOEs may perform worse than privately controlled firms because of agency problems, while government as a minority shareholder can assist firms by providing financial and political resources. Analyzing a panel of non-financial listed companies in Brazil between 2002 and 2016, we found that the higher the state ownership by means of pension funds and BNDES, the higher the degree of internationalization measured by the foreign sales to total sales ratio. The degree of internationalization was even higher when the government was the minority shareholder of family-controlled companies. Analyzing the impact of state ownership on firm-level financial performance, we found that firms in which the government was one of the shareholders did not underperform in comparison to privately controlled firms before the Brazilian crisis of 2014- 2016 crisis. However, during the crisis, when government support decreased, we verified that the relation between majority state ownership and financial performance measured by the return on assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q was negative. Although negative, there was no statistically significant effect of minority state ownership. Our study suggests the need for governmentinvested enterprises to develop skills to perform well when they cannot rely on government assistance. Furthermore, the degree of internationalization did not soften the effects of the crisis on the firm-level financial performance, which may indicate that the domestic institutional environment has a strong influence on the performance of Brazilian companies.<br>Empresas públicas são um mecanismo adotado por países emergentes para suprir a necessidade de investimento em áreas específicas. Na política de industrialização por substituição de importações marcada pela intervenção do Estado na economia, protegidas da competição estrangeira, empresas públicas e privadas nacionais usufruíam de amplo poder de mercado. Entretanto, choques econômicos das décadas de 70 e 80, associados à crescente ineficiência destas empresas devido a problemas de agência, geraram perdas. Durante a década de 90, os países latino-americanos, abriram sua economia e adotaram programas de privatizações. Empresas nacionais fortes podem ser úteis ao Estado por controlarem recursos estratégicos, e visando manter a soberania nacional, para evitar que as empresas públicas fossem adquiridas por investidores estrangeiros, e para continuar mantendo influência sobre sua gestão, o Estado brasileiro manteve uma participação acionária minoritária. Além disso, o governo brasileiro investiu em algumas empresas para torná-las competitivas globalmente (“campeãs nacionais”), mantendo também participação minoritária para evitar sua aquisição por estrangeiros e manter influência sobre elas. Argumentamos que o governo não abandonou sua política de intervenção na economia, apenas a adaptou à novas circunstâncias. Empresas públicas podem performar pior do que empresas privadas devido a problemas de agência, ao passo que o governo como acionista minoritário pode auxiliar as empresas ao prover recursos financeiros e políticos. Desta forma, avaliamos a influência da propriedade do Estado sobre o grau de internacionalização e desempenho financeiro das empresas. Analisando um painel de companhias não financeiras listadas entre 2002 e 2016, verificamos que quanto maior o nível de participação do governo brasileiro na propriedade, principalmente por meio de fundos de pensão e BNDES, maior o grau de internacionalização medido pela razão entre as vendas no mercado externo e vendas totais. O grau de internacionalização foi ainda maior quando o governo foi o acionista minoritário de empresas controladas por famílias. Ao analisar o impacto da propriedade estatal na performance financeira das empresas, verificamos que embora antes da crise brasileira de 2014-2016 as empresas que tinham o governo como acionista não tiveram um desempenho pior do que empresa privadas, durante a crise, quando o suporte governamental diminuiu, a relação entre participação majoritária do estado e desempenho foi fortemente negativa, ao passo que embora negativo, não houve efeito estatisticamente significativo da participação minoritária, evidenciando a necessidade das empresas investidas pelo governo em criarem competências para performarem bem mesmo sem o apoio estatal. O grau de internacionalização não amenizou os efeitos da crise para as empresas analisadas, o que pode indicar que o ambiente institucional do país de origem tem forte peso no desempenho das empresas.
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Li, Ye, and Xin Tong. "A case study of CNOOC (China National Offshore OilCorporation) : the future of Chinese state ownedenterprises." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7757.
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Essex, Jamey Stuart. "The state as site and strategy neoliberalization, internationalization, and the Foreign Agricultural Service /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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AMARAL, RENATA DO. "THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF STATE-OWNED COMPANIES FROM EMERGING MARKETS: THE CASE OF ELETROBRAS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20284@1.
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Alguns países emergentes têm se destacado com empresas de forte atuação
no mercado externo, competindo em setores antes dominados por multinacionais
de países de economias desenvolvidas. O presente estudo descreve e analisa as
características da internacionalização da Eletrobras, um caso particular de uma
empresa estatal que concorre em um setor regulado. Com base em entrevistas com
executivos da empresa e em dados secundários, o estudo descreve as motivações
para internacionalização, os critérios para seleção de países e os modos de entrada
no exterior empregados pela Eletrobras. Uma análise deste caso específico, à luz
das principais teorias de internacionalização e de tipologias de multinacionais de
países emergentes, contribui para um melhor entendimento do fenômeno de
internacionalização de empresas de países emergentes.<br>Some emerging countries have stood out with strong companies presence in
foreign markets, competing head-to-head in sectors traditionally dominated before
by multinationals from developed economies. The present study describes and
analyzes the characteristics of the internationalization of Eletrobras, a particular
case of a state owned company that competes in a regulated sector. Based on
interviews with company executives and secondary data, the study outlines the
motivations for internationalization, the criteria for selecting countries and entry
modes used by Eletrobras. The analysis of this specific case, through the lenses of
the major theories of internationalization and typologies of multinationals from
emerging countries, contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon of
internationalization of companies from emerging countries.
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Shen, Liang. "Corporate financial management in the internationalization of China's state-owned enterprises : the case of CNOOC." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636251.
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Long, Tony W. "Perceived Roles of Academic Advisors in Pursuing Internationalization at Public State and Community Colleges in Florida." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7543.
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This research study investigated the perceptions of academic advisors in the Florida College System (FCS) concerning globalization, internationalization, and their role in the process of internationalizing their colleges. Participants in the study included 54 academic advisors from 15 of the 28 colleges in the FCS. The sample was comprised primarily of female advisors with master’s degrees, who had been working in higher education for less than 13 years. This was a nonexperimental, quantitative study and analyses included descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares regression, and Pearson’s product moment correlations.
The results revealed that the responding advisors believe that globalization is inevitable and good, and that colleges must prepare to face any challenges that result from it. They also indicated that the advisors thought colleges should engage in several strategies that could lead to progress in internationalization, including international exchanges of faculty and staff, study abroad opportunities for students, and the development of collaborative relationships between their college and foreign institutions. Advisors also indicated relatively strong support for the assertions that globalization and internationalization were important, and would continue to increase in importance going forward. They also generally agreed with the concept that academic advisors should be involved in the process of internationalization at their colleges, but their agreement in this instance was not as strong as it was when discussing globalization and internationalization more generally.
In contrast, advisors did not as readily agree that students should take additional courses in foreign language, or that colleges should actively recruit foreign students. The majority of advisors also rejected the idea that the college should adopt a broad, international/global definition of diversity that includes language, customs, and ethnicity. They did not as readily envision the role of academic advisors in the process of internationalization to be as important or necessary as the overall concept of progress in the areas of internationalization and globalization. That is, advisors indicated more agreement with the theory, but not as much agreement with the practice, of internationalization as it relates to their job responsibilities.
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Flodin, Ellen, and Frida Jansson. "Service Firms in an Early stage of Internationalization." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21570.
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Purpose The aim of this study is to explore, describe and analyze how service firms overcome barriers of internationalization at an early stage. Thus, this study is aiming to increase a better understanding of what kind of preconditions these firms have in the very early stages of internationalization. Methodology This research has been based on qualitative case study and abductive approach. We wanted to pursue this research strategy since we were aiming to receive an in-depth understanding of service firms’ early internationalization process. A delimitation we further have applied in this study is a focus only on early entry to Norwegian market and on Swedish consulting firms. These delimitations have been based mainly on the fact that it would be easier to compare the results from the empirical data. We have furthermore conducting a total of 5 interviews with 6 interviewees. Three of these have been with our chosen case companies and the other two have been with two external actors with profound knowledge about the Norwegian market. Conclusions In our conclusions, we have identified the main characteristics of barriers in an early internationalization stage for service firms and enablers to overcome these barriers. The three key enablers are networks and relationships, international entrepreneurship and presence at the foreign market.
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Santos, Filho Jorge Ferreira dos. "Internationalization of state-owned banks : a case study of Banco do Brasil, Bank of China and WestLb." Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2017. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/283.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-22<br>Esta dissertação de Mestrado estuda o processo de internacionalização do Banco do Brasil, do Banco da China e do WestLB como SOBs comerciais, considerando a proposição de que os bancos estatais possuem ativos intangíveis específicos que beneficiam seu processo de internacionalização.O arcabouço teórico baseia-se nas teorias clássicas da internacionalização de empresas e suas aplicações para a internacionalização dos bancos, literatura específica relacionada à propriedade estatal, abordagem institucional e ativos intangíveis. Através de um estudo de caso múltiplo das empresas acima mencionadas, este projeto explora as características únicas e as idiossincrasias presentes na internacionalização de grandes bancos estatais.
O resultado da pesquisa emprírica apóia a principal proposição deste estudo de que os bancos estatais têm ativos intangíveis específicos que influenciam em seu processo de internacionalização, bem como a evidência empírica de que esses intangíveis estão relacionados a vantagens de propriedade específicas decorrentes da propriedade estatal altamente correlacionadas. a reputação da empresa de conhecimento específico e a reputação do país.<br>This Master’s Dissertation studies the process of internationalization of Banco do Brasil, Bank of China and WestLB as commercial SOBs considering proposition that state-owned banks have specific intangible assets that benefits their process of internationalization.The theoretical framework is based on the classical theories regarding internationalization of enterprises and their applications to the internationalization of banks, specific literature related to state ownership, institutional approach and intangible assets. Through a multiple-case study of the above-mentioned companies, this project explores the unique characteristics and the idiosyncrasies present in the internationalization of large state-owned banks. The result of emprirical research support the main proposition of this study that state-owned banks banks have specific intangible assets that influence in their process of internationalization as well as the empirical evidence that these intangibles are related to specific ownership advantages deriving from state ownership highly correlated to specific knowledge company’s reputation and country’s reputation.
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Ludwig, Barbara G. "Internationalizing extension : an exploration of the characteristics evident in a state university extension system that achieves internationalization." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1146146542.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1994.<br>Advisor: R. Kirby Barrick, Dept. of Agricultural Education. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-170). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Burdzinski, Donna Rae. "Attitudes About Globalization, Internationalization, and the Role of Student Affairs Administrators in Internationalizing Florida's Community and State Colleges." Scholar Commons, 2014. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4991.
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ABSTRACT
This study had a three-fold purpose: first, to assess the attitudes of student affairs administrators working in the Florida College System (FCS) about globalization, internationalization, and their strategies for effecting internationalization efforts at their community/state colleges. This study also investigated the relationship between student affairs administrators' attitudes about globalization and internationalization and what they considered to be the role of student affairs administrators in internationalizing the community/state college. Finally, this study examined the relationship between student affairs administrators' attitudes about their perceived role in internationalizing the community/state college and certain demographic variables. No study has been found which asks these research questions related to the role of student affairs administrators in internationalizing the community college. This quantitative study was conducted with student affairs administrators working at a FCS community or state college. The specially devised survey instrument was administered online and all responses were anonymous. Data analyses, including Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), post hoc Tukey's tests, regressions, and descriptive statistics, were calculated. Survey findings indicated that student affairs administrators working in the FCS have positive attitudes about Globalization and Internationalization, and that these positive attitudes correlate strongly with their perceptions regarding the Role student affairs administrators should serve in internationalizing the community/state college. Respondents agreed that the role of student affairs administrators is central to internationalization of the college, and they generally agreed on what activities were critical to the role of the student affairs administrator. The data showed that student affairs administrators who possess higher levels of fluency in a language other than English are more likely to view foreign language skills as being important to internationalizing the community/state college than those who are less proficient in another language or who possess no foreign language skills. Data also indicated that respondents who categorized themselves as possessing "extensive" or "very good" international activity experience, as compared with their peers who ranked their international activity as being "nominal," exhibited stronger composite mean scores related to student affairs administrators' role in internationalizing the college. This ranking indicated that those who possess more international activity experience also are more likely to have an increased perception of the role student affairs administrators should have in internationalizing their community/state colleges. Colleges desiring to enhance their internationalization endeavors might wish to support opportunities for student affairs administrators to study a language other than English since this variable had a statistically significant effect on student affairs administrators' perceptions of internationalizing colleges. Additionally, more extensive international travel experiences correlated with support for internalization activities, so colleges might benefit from providing opportunities for student affairs administrators to gain international travel experience, especially for those administrators with less higher education experience.
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Vainula, Irja. "The role of business networks in internationalization." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10778.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial<br>O case study integra os modelos incrementais de internacionalização, com a perspectiva de rede. Estes resultados mostram que, devido à limitação de recursos e das poucas relações em rede, a internacionalização inicial de empresa tem um padrão incremental. Como as empresas começaram a desenvolver as suas relações de rede, eles ganharam acesso a recursos de outras empresas. Através dos seus parceiros de rede, as empresas também tiveram acesso aos novos mercados internacionais e, consequentemente, acelerou-se o seu processo de internacionalização. Durante o processo de internacionalização, as empresas também podem ficar bloqueadas em relações pouco produtivas, que por sua vez inibe o desenvolvimento das suas actividades internacionais.<br>Based on multi case-study method, this thesis examines the role of the business networks on the internationalization process of three Portuguese companies. The study empirically integrates the stage models of internationalization with network perspective. These findings show that due to limited resources and limited network relationships, firm´s initial internationalization had an incremental pattern. As companies started to develop their network relationships, they gained access to other firms´ resources. Through their network partners, companies also gained access to new foreign markets and consequently hastened its internationalization process. During the internationalization process, firms may lock in unproductive relationships, which in turn inhibit the development of its international activities.
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Nguyen, Bao Quoc. "Internationalization at Jesuit Colleges and Universities in the United States: Tensions between the Jesuit Mission and Internationalization in Strategic Plans." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107905.
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Thesis advisor: Johannes de Wit<br>While internationalization in higher education is widely documented, little research has been conducted on how internationalization efforts at the 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States have been operated. Through three exploratory case studies at Boston College, Saint Louis University, and the University of San Francisco, administrators, faculty members, and students were interviewed to address questions of rationales, strategies, outcomes with respect to internationalization, in relation to the Jesuit mission. Information from institutional websites and Jesuit documents served to round out the analysis of global engagement at Jesuit higher education institutions in the United States. Informed by the literature, the study draws on data collected from the 24 semi-structured interviews including individual and focus groups of international and study-abroad students. The study employs the conceptual framework of three pillars of internationalization at home, abroad, and through partnerships, provided by De Wit, Howard, Egron-Polak, & Hunter (2015). The findings show the growth of Jesuit institutions in the United States in the number of their internationals students, more concentration on global curricula, more opportunities for study abroad, and promotion of international partnerships. However, the study illustrates that Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States are still more regional or national institutions and are involved in internationalization at a preliminary stage of the process with ad hoc and fragmented strategic plans. The thesis ends with recommendations for more global collaboration and frequent assessment among Jesuit entities in order to sustain their operation and continually pursue the international mission of their Jesuit tradition, for a more balanced approach between the business/reputation model and the mission model, for more faculty and international students support, and for more attention to international alumni<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education<br>Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education
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Menezes, Mafalda. "Internationalization strategy of ABotoa/Skypro shoes to United States of America." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9556.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>In a world where it is even more important to be a global company to remain competitive, it is important that companies act not only regionally but also in foreign markets. In this report, I will develop an internationalization strategy for a small and medium enterprise, Abotoa, in order that one of its brand, SKYRO SHOES enters the USA market. Since the company already supplies the majority of the Portuguese airlines and has the desire to increase its sales volume and improve its brand awareness, following an internationalization process seems the right way to do this. It is important to note that I will highlight only one brand of the Abotoa, SKYPRO, because it is the one that, presently, has the highest potential for internationalization and that generates higher profits. At the end of this work project, I will provide reliable recommendations and solutions that could be adopted by Abotoa, in order to help this company to achieve its goals.
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Brandenburg, Torsten [Verfasser]. "Bridging the knowledge gap: internationalization and privatization of higher education in the State of Qatar and the Sultanate of Oman / Torsten Brandenburg." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025406613/34.
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GARCIA, ANA E. SAGGIORO. "THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF BRAZILIAN COMPANIES DURING THE LULA ADMINISTRATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL AND STATE IN CONTEMPORARY BRAZIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20964@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Esta tese pretente examinar a expansão internacional de empresas brasileiras e as políticas públicas relacionadas a essa expansão, problematizando a relação entre capital e Estado na atuação internacional do Brasil. Empresas multinacionais têm um papel importante no desenvolvimento capitalista, contribuindo historicamente para a transformação de Estados em potências hegemônicas. Os Estados, por sua vez, financiam e estruturam o campo jurídico e político para que as empresas atuem no plano interno e externo. No Brasil, no período recente, o apoio a empresas com capacidade de competir globalmente tem sido central para a estratégia de desenvolvimento, assim como para seu novo papel como país emergente na ordem mundial. O interesse nacional mescla-se, em muitos casos, com os interesses privados das multinacionais brasileiras no exterior. Impactos negativos sobre comunidades locais, trabalhadores e o meio-ambiente mostram, entretanto, que a ascensão internacional dessas empresas não é somente consenso (em torno do aumento da competitividade do país no cenário internacional), mas também conflito dentro e fora do Brasil. Aspectos sociais, ambientais e trabalhistas vem sendo sistematicamente excluídos das principais análises e reflexões sobre o papel do Estado no apoio à internacionalização das empresas brasileiras. Iniciaremos esse trabalho apresentando diferentes perspectivas sobre as tendências atuais de mudança na ordem mundial, procurando situar o debate sobre a ascensão dos BRICS no campo teórico das Relações Internacionais. Logo, apresentamos alguns dos principais estudos sobre empresas multinacionais de países em desenvolvimento, analisando seus reflexos sobre a discussão em torno da internacionalização de empresas brasileiras. Verificamos que a expansão internacional dessas empresas está estreitamente relacionada à busca do país pela diversificação de relações político-comerciais, com a ampliação e o aprofundamento das relações com outros países e regiões do Sul, que formam, por sua vez, as bases a partir das quais o Brasil busca ter maior participação e incidência nas instituições e fóruns multilaterais. Apontamos que a atual fase de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras é decorrente tanto da formação de monopólios no mercado doméstico, quanto de políticas públicas proativas, que buscam a melhor inserção do país no âmbito da competição capitalista global. Dentre as políticas públicas e institucionais, destacamos o papel da política externa e a política de crédito, que foi reforçada, de forma significativa, através de mudanças ocorridas no BNDES a partir de 2003. Procuramos demonstrar, assim, que o projeto econômico (a expansão das empresas e grupos multinacionais com sede no Brasil) está integrado ao projeto político (o de ser uma potência). Partindo dessas análises empíricas, refletimos sobre o campo teórico, aprofundando a leitura sobre os conceitos de imperialismo e hegemonia, e o debate sobre a relação capital-Estado. Traçamos um caminho do empírico para o teórico, para averiguar de que maneira as reflexões existentes sobre hegemonia e imperialismo são apropriadas, ou necessitam ser reformuladas e renovadas diante das novas dinâmicas nesta fase atual do capitalismo. Buscamos compreender, portanto, qual o lugar e o papel do Brasil (assim como dos demais países emergentes) na estrutura global de reprodução expandida do capital.<br>The thesis aims to investigate the internationalization of Brazilian companies and public policies related to this process , questioning the relationship between capital and state in the context of Brazil s international relations during the Lula administration. Multinational companies play an important role in capitalist development, contributing to the historical transformation of states in hegemonic powers. States, in their turn, structure and finance the legal and political framework – both domesticaly and internationally - inside which companies act. In Brazil, in recent years, support for companies capable of competing globally has been central to the development strategy, as well to the its role as an emerging country in the world order. The so-called national interest is often mixed with private interests of Brazilian multinationals operating abroad. Negative impacts on local communities, workers and on the environment have shown, however, that the internationalization of Brazilian companies is not only about consensus (regarding the country s increasing competitiveness in the international arena), but also about conflict, both inside and outside Brazil. Social, environmental and labor aspects have systematically been excluded from chief analysis and reflections on the role of the State in supporting the internationalization of Brazilian companies. This thesis starts by presenting different perspectives on the current trends and changes in the world order, situating the debate about the rise of the BRICS in theory of International Relations. Then, we present some of the main studies on multinational enterprises of developing countries, analysing their reflections on the discussion about the internationalization of Brazilian companies. The thesis argues that the internationalization of these companies is closely related to the Brazil s search for diversification of its political and commercial relations and to the more general process of broadening and deepening of South-South relations. There one may find the basis over which Brazil has sought for greater participation and influence inside multilateral institutions and forums. The thesis point out that the current phase of internationalization of Brazilian companies follows both the formation of monopolies in the domestic market and proactive public policies aiming to achieve better positions for the country in global capitalist competition. Considering the main public and institutional policies, the thesis highlights the role played by foreign and credit policies, reinforced by changes in BNDES since 2003. It is demonstrated, therefore, that the economic project (on the internationalization of Brazilian multinationals) is integrated to the political project (of expanding Brazilian power in the world system) . Based on empirical analysis, the thesis finishes with a theoretical reflection, going further in some readings concerning the concepts of imperialism and hegemony and in the debate on the capital-state relationship. Going from the empirics to theory, the thesis investigates whether the present literature on hegemony and imperialism are suitable or need to be adapted and renewed, in a way to reflect on the new dynamics of the current phase of capitalism. In sum, the thesis intend to problematize the place and role of Brazil (as well as by other emerging countries) in the overall structure of the expanded reproduction of capital.
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Roriz, Anna Lysie, and Nicola Feletto. "Behind the Internationalization Process of Northeast Italian SMEs : An Abductive Approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176697.
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This study strives to investigate why some small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from Northeast Italy internationalize at inception and some internationalize gradually. The main literature regarding both, Born Globals and Stage-Models, were reviewed. In face of a high degree of fragmentation in the Born Global literature the study was developed through an abductive logic of reasoning. This basically means that we started by clustering already accepted internal and external factors, working then, towards a unified explanation. A qualitative study was developed with four SMEs. The main results show that no factor can singularly drive a company to internationalize at inception. Instead, the interaction of internal and external factors determines how SMEs internationalize. The findings provide empirical insights on the internationalization behavior of SMEs and redress the apparent theoretical gap in this field.
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Ahmed, Khondoker Emran, and Suman Karmakar. "Challenges in the initial stage of internationalization : A study of Swedish and Bangladeshi SMEs." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19549.
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Internationalization is a topic of much importance because of its complex nature. In this study, the focus is on the initial challenges that the SMEs have to face when they go international. The literature suggests that, due to the simple structure and comparatively weaker financial base of SMEs, they face many hurdles when entering into a foreign market. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate what challenges a Swedish and a Balangedishi SME are faced with in the initial stage of the internationalization process. We have used a qualitative method and collected empirical data through interviews. For the analysis, we use a theoretical framework that emphasizes the Uppsala Internationali-zation Model. Our main results show that the SMEs suffer because of the challenges to collect appropriate information and to reduce cultural differences. With this thesis we hope to contribute with a new understanding of challenges that can help the SME to better cope with challenges in practice when involving in internationalization.
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Garcia, Olga. "Critical success factors in the internationalization to the United States : the case of portuguese companies." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10417.
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Mestrado em Marketing<br>O presente estudo apresenta um modelo para a internacionalização de sucesso para os Estados Unidos e outro para os cinco factores críticos de sucesso para este mercado, o chamado "Modelo Circular". A pesquisa quantitativa na forma de um estudo multi-sectorial de 230 empresas portuguesas que operam no mercado dos EUA foi realizada a fim de examinar as relações entre os determinantes propostos e o desempenho das empresas portuguesas no mercado dos EUA.<br>The present study introduces a model for successful internationalization to the United States and another for the five critical success factors for this market, the so called "Round Model". A quantitative research in the form of a multi-sector survey study of 230 Portuguese firms operating in the U.S. market was conducted in order to examine the relationships between the proposed determinants and performance of Portuguese firms in the U.S. market.
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Nunes, Moema Pereira. "Going abroad for new sourcing possibilities: an analysis of the adoption of strategic global sourcing by emerging companies: a case study in the electrical and electronic industry in Rio Grande do Sul state." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3166.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-28<br>Nenhuma<br>Companies are moving abroad to look for advantages in alternative sources of supply. Primarily associated with the lack of local suppliers or lower acquisition costs, these reactions have driven business to a more proactive perspective by the adoption of Strategic Global Sourcing (GS). GS is conceptualized as the company's strategic direction for the search and monitoring of global supply markets and their efficient management through the integration and coordination of activities related to the functional areas of business, as well as the units of local purchases of a set of related companies. Companies from emerging countries are developing their own GS, in the same manner as companies from developed countries. Most GS literature considers emerging companies the emerging companies to be the suppliers, not the buyers. These "late movers" have more strategic motivation, as well as goals, to internationalize their activities. In this study, we investigated emerging Brazilian companies in the electrical and electronic industries from the state of Rio Grande do Sul as buyers in the global market. The initial step was a literature review, followed by the development of a theoretical framework. The framework was applied to a case study. Six companies from the selected industry sector were investigated. Four were classified as adopting GS. The main motivations that led these companies to adopt GS were identified as faster access to new technologies, the establishment of presence in global markets and the motivation to become a global player. The cultural differences were identified as the main difficulty. A set of differences between these companies and the adoption of GS from traditional MNCs in terms of the structure and process were also identified with special consideration given to the use of IPOs in earlier stages of internationalization sourcing. It was possible to confirm that the adoption of GS is a competitive advantage for these companies.
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Vifell, Åsa. "Enklaver i staten : internationalisering, demokrati och den svenska statsförvaltningen /." Stockholm : Department of Political Science, Stockholm University [Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-981.
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Mwangi, Peter N. "The Impact of the STARTALK Language Program on the Internationalization of Higher Education in the United States." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1479124046459707.
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Moore, Elizabeth Louise. "Science, internationalization, and policy networks, regulating genetically-engineered food crops in Canada and the United States, 1973-1998." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ53851.pdf.
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Shimmi, Yukiko. "Experiences of Japanese Visiting Scholars in the United States: An Exploration of Transition." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3783.
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Thesis advisor: Philip G. Altbach<br>The purpose of this study is to examine the reasons why Japanese visiting scholars visited the United States, their activities and experiences during their visits, their challenges and support for their transition, and personal and contextual factors that affected their transition in different stages. Although short-term international scholar mobility has recently increased, there are few studies on the population of international visiting scholars. In addition, while there is an overall increase in the number of international scholars, the number of Japanese scholars is decreasing. This qualitative study explores the Japanese visiting scholars' experiences of transition by drawing upon Schlossberg's adult transition model (e.g., Anderson, Goodman, and Schlossberg, 2011). The findings show that the purpose of visit and activities during the visits varied by individuals, although most activities were individual and professional ones, such as conducting research, networking, and teaching. While the first-time visiting scholars engaged in English practice and observation of cultural differences, the scholars with family members reported social experiences through their children's schools. Several scholars worked on institutional relations during their visits. The challenges that the visiting scholars faced varied by the timing during their transition. Common challenges included finding opportunities at their home institutions, finding the host universities, setting up life in a new community, finding opportunities for interactions, and dealing with language and cultural issues. The expected challenges after their returning to home were mainly related to institutional arrangements and societal differences. The factors that influenced their transition included the arrangements at home and host institutions, academic fields, past American academic experiences, existing networks with Japanese and American colleagues, and their personalities. Recommendations are provided for American and Japanese universities, individual visiting scholars, and the Japanese government. As for implications from this study, since the Japanese visiting scholars mostly relied on their personal connections and previous experiences for transitions, in order to utilize international visiting scholars for short-term brain circulation, institutional and governmental support and policy arrangements need to be structured as a part of the initiative for the internationalization of higher education<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education<br>Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education
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Konečná, Radka. "Příležitosti MSP při pronikání na zahraniční trhy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192757.
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This master thesis aims to explore the conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises in expanding to foreign markets and to find opportunities that will help these businesses to grow. By opportunity it is meant the company's own effort, or state and non-state support of SME's. In the thesis there is analyzed the situation of SME's in the Czech market and the services and support that businesses can use while expanding abroad, it also analyses the modern methods in this area. The aim of the thesis is to analyze trends in the field of internationalization of SMEs, to identify the key needs of Czech companies and to compare them with the actual support offered in the Czech market. Based on a comparison with foreign practice, namely New Zealand, it should propose new ways and opportunities in the process of expansion.
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Hulagu, Demirbilek Funda. "Restoring Class Power Over The Police: The Role Of The International In Neoliberal Police Reform In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613859/index.pdf.
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This thesis provides a critical analysis of the post-Soviet police transformation that has been on the agenda for about two decades in all over the world. To elaborate and rethink this analysis within a concrete historical process, the transformation of the police in Turkey is focused on. However, as the number of political science-based studies on the police are very limited, and as the dominant academic studies on neoliberal police reform have been determined by policy makers themselves, that state of affairs has necessitated a prior theoretical research to be made on the question of &ldquo<br>what the police is&rdquo<br>. For, it is proved to be impossible to produce critical knowledge on police transformation without developing a theoretical framework on the nature of the modern police and the tensions embedded in it. Hence, before analyzing the neoliberal period, the thesis attempts to develop a class-based theoretical framework on the formation of the modern police in the 19th century, and concludes that the modern police apparatus has been shaped by a specific political division of labour between the state power and the class power. The form of the police is defined according to by which of these powers it is determined more, a process which has been constituted since the 19th century by a transnational collective agency that includes various fractions of the ruling classes as well as police chiefs and police intellectuals. It is the historical materialist method that provides the theoretical toolset to make sense of the transformation taking place in the police. Having analyzed the neoliberal police reform by the help of this theoretical toolset, the thesis maintains that in the neoliberal era the police apparatuses have been reintroduced to the political sphere as &ldquo<br>anti-statist non-state&rdquo<br>actors, and started making transformative interventions in the modern political field. The police restructured as a non-state actor has been dissolving the modern political field through various strategies. The thesis specifies these strategies on the basis of the police transformation process in Turkey. The police apparatus in Turkey has been constructing itself even as a &ldquo<br>civil society&rdquo<br>organization, and redefining the processes of legitimation, and mass participation of people in politics &ndash<br>which are necessary aspects modern political field- through its new police ideology. The main argument of the thesis is that this process as a whole is one that restores the class power of the capitalists over the police.
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Oliveira, Mariana Sandoval de. "O processo de internacionalização de empresas da China: estratégias empresariais e diplomacia econômica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9221.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-08<br>The dissertation will examine the internationalization of a group of major Chinese companies, aiming to characterize the process of internationalization and its goals and to answer to what extent the process can be explained by the usual standards of large companies around the world and to what extent the process follows, accompanies or is strongly conditioned by the state goals, as part of Chinese economic diplomacy. The hypothesis is that the internationalization of large Chinese companies are oriented towards ensuring access to and supply of ores, fuel and food, an issue vital to the security of China, as well as providing the domain of complex technological processes, a topic of great relevance to the objectives China's rise and consolidation of its development. The dissertation will also examine the instruments of state support for the internationalization of Chinese companies in order to determine their relevance for Chinese companies in the sample. It also seeks to examine China's economic diplomacy and its possible implications for the internationalization strategies of companies<br>A dissertação analisará a internacionalização de um grupo de grandes empresas chinesas, com o objetivo de caracterizar seu processo de internacionalização e seus objetivos, com destaque para a pergunta: em que medida o processo pode ser explicado pelos padrões usuais de grandes empresas pelo mundo e em que medida o processo obedece, acompanha ou é condicionado fortemente por objetivos de Estado, como parte da diplomacia econômica chinesa. A hipótese é que a internacionalização de grandes empresas chinesas está orientada para garantir o acesso e o fornecimento de minérios, combustíveis e alimentos, questão vital para a segurança da China, além de viabilizar o domínio de processos tecnológicos complexos, tema de grande relevância nos objetivos de ascensão da China e de consolidação do seu desenvolvimento. A dissertação analisará também os instrumentos estatais de apoio à internacionalização de empresas da China, de modo a verificar sua relevância para o grupo de empresas chinesas. Pretende também analisar a diplomacia econômica chinesa e suas possíveis implicações para as estratégias de internacionalização de empresas
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Gharib, Ireen, and Shkodran Murseli. "How the Swedish banks took over the financial system in the Baltic States : A study about what factors impacted the internationalization process of Swedish banks to the Baltic States." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58777.
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The purpose of this thesis is to gain deeper knowledge on what factors impacted the internationalization process of Swedish banks. By distinguishing the factors the goal is to increase the understanding and awareness of the effect of these factors can have on foreign banks or financial institutions when internationalizing to a transition economy. To be able to create a wider perspective the study has been conducted through a qualitative method and an abductive research approach. We have been able to collect primary data by conducting interviews with the banks that have been a part of this multiple case study. In order to develop an understanding and to be able to fulfil our purpose with the thesis the main research question is formulated as follows: What factors have impacted the internationalization of Swedish banks to the Baltic market? The theoretical review includes previous research and theories related to internationalization, business environment and factors that can impact the internationalization process. The methodology chapter explains the approach, method and design we have used. The empirical data and the theoretical framework are discussed in order to find out what drove the banks to the internationalization. The analysis will describe how the banks have internationalized, why the banks chose one specific market in the beginning and the reason to why the internationalization occurred in the first place. The conclusion shows that the most important factor of the internationalization to the Baltic countries was because of the change in the governmental and economical structure. The factors that affect the choice of country is also significant, with the reason to see which country was most developed during the time the Swedish banks entered the market.
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Troestler, Andrea, and Hsin Ping Lee. "The adaptation and standardization on websites of international companies : Analysis and comparison from websites of United States, Germany and Taiwan." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9801.
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<p>To find an appropriate balance between centralization and localization is a key factor for a successful international company. From a company perspective, this thesis tries to figure out if the different aspects such as organizational culture, national culture and industry sector determine the standardization or adaptation of companies' websites and which website features are affected. The internationalization typology of Barlett and Ghoshal has been used to classify 12 companies from 3 industry sector according to their international strategy. Then their websites in United States, Germany and Taiwan will be analysed to compare if the internationalization types among their websites correspond to the expected. The results show that the three aspects impact the appearence of their websites.</p>
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Eriksson, Jakob, and Emanuel Snårelid. "Virtual teams make SMEs leap like frogs : A research regarding how virtual teams influence the internationalization process within a SME." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74678.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine what impact the new phenomena of virtual teams have on a Swedish SMEs internationalization process. The method of the thesis was decided to be a qualitative study, together with an abductive approach. The data was collected by interviewing managers from six different SMEs that have implemented virtual teams in their organization. All companies are located in Sweden, and are active on the international market, or aim to be internationalized in a near future. Multiple theories are presented in the theoretical framework, the theories chosen to support this thesis are Internationalization, Small-medium enterprise, Virtual teams vs physical teams, and cultural dimensions influencing the team. Based on the theories, a conceptual framework model was developed to show the connection between the mentioned theories. All findings extracted from the interviews is presented in the empirical findings chapter, where the primary data describes each case answers regarding the specific topics and theories. The analysis chapter visualizes the connection between empirical findings and the different theories, presenting advantages and challenges when using a virtual team. The conclusion of the thesis show that implementation of virtual teams can help Swedish SMEs leap over stages in a classical internationalization process. The thesis intends to influence managers of SMEs to implement virtual teams to digitalize their company, or to make their internationalization process easier. Ending the thesis with recommendations for future research
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Pinder, Anthony Louis. "Internationalizing the black college: an investigation of the stage of readiness of private black colleges as it relates to select benchmarks for comprehensive internationalization." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2012. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/272.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of internationalization at the private Historically Black Colleges/Universities (HBCUs), and to identify select factors that drive or restrain the internationalization process at these particular institutions. The problem of practice explored by this study was that despite the research in U. S. higher education on internationalization, unique conditions exists, which impact comprehensive internationalization at private HBCUs. The problem of research addressed by this study was that although the literature indicates a wide array of approaches to internationalization in higher education, it does not include a study that specifically examines the unique challenges internationalization present to private HBCUs, or the applicable internationalization strategies given their unique institutional missions, cultures, histories, and priorities.
This mixed methods multi case study employed philosophical assumptions, the combined use of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, and a sequential explanatory research strategy to examine the state of internationalization at private HBCUs. As a result of the quantitative phase, an Internationalization Index was created to select two private HBCUs (one Highly Active and one Less Active) institutions engaged in internationalization. Data were collected by on-line surveys, interviews, document analysis and qualitative observations and analyzed through within-case and cross-case examinations.
The findings indicate that four of the eight dimensions of internationalization introduced in this study were the least utilized strategies for achieving comprehensive internationalization at private HBCUs. The study revealed that the absence of assessment of global learning outcomes, foreign students, an internationalization review and an internationalized curriculum as strategies severely restrained the ability of the private HBCUs of this study to successfully achieve comprehensive internationalization. The conclusion drawn from the findings suggest that it is critical for private HBCUs to integrate the goals of all eight dimensions (internationalization strategies) into one comprehensive strategic plan to achieve sustainable internationalization, and subsequently, aligned with other institutional priorities.
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Gomes, Sobrinho Lirandina. "Luzes e sombras no litoral norte da Bahia : os efeitos territoriais, socioambientais e econômicos da implantação das redes hoteleiras espanholas e portuguesas." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2011. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5437.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This research analyses the social, spatial, environmental and economical repercussions originated from spanish and portuguese hotel networks of litoral norte along bahia state
seashore. Therefore, a wide documental and bibliographical research were undertaken along with a field research which made it possible to verify that the production and organisation of such area is an incidence result and interaction of global economic logic allied to some local
and regional developments of economic and potical nature.Those economical processes have broght into existence spaces on diferent stages of development and territoriality which could be defined as modern territory on one side and underdeveloped territory on another, also
as densification, favelização (new slums), wealth islands versus poverty. The insertion of litoral norte (northern seashore) of bahia state into the national and international of touristic, hotel and real state network lead by the state government and political arrangements with international hotel network companies, mainly the portuguese and spanish ones. This process is characterized by implantation of touristic enclaves, the so called megaresorts and condominiums to satisfy the global market demand focusing on its countries of origin. It is still at stake on that region a kind of complex urban-regional development model which is enphasized through two kinds of macro-urbanization : the linear one identified by the tendency and formation of a linear urban continual of metropolitan character along with ba- 099 highway which links the towns of lauro de freitas, camaçari and the city of salvador and the scattered one identified by the formation of touristc enclaves described as specialized spaces focusing on the consumption associated to leisure, touristic and alternative residence activities stood by modern infra-structures and services. These touristic complex for
residence is laid along the first coastal line drawn up by houses and apartments positioned strategicallly across the sea landscape, built according to the closed model which offers security to its costumers and several other of services. This issue is about spaces socially distinguished from the regional context due to the predominance of high income groups of national and international origin. The coexistence between linear and scattered macrourbanization trends to increase socio-environmental conflicts due to the privatization of access to the beaches, rivers, lagoons and other natural resources. The interviews analyses to the hotel companies spokesmen lead to identification of similarities and differencies in the process of international expansion and action strategies of the those companies.<br>Esta pesquisa analisa as repercussões socioespaciais, ambientais e econômicas decorrentes da implantação das redes hoteleiras espanholas e portuguesas no Litoral Norte da Bahia. Para tanto, foi realizada uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e pesquisa de campo, as quais permitiram constatar que a produção e organização deste espaço são resultado da incidência e a interação de lógicas econômicas globais, aliadas a processos econômicos e
políticos regionais e locais. Esses processos econômicos geraram espaços em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento e territorialidades bem definidas como: territórios modernos e
territórios atrasados , densificação, favelização, ilhas de riqueza versus pobreza. A inserção do Litoral Norte da Bahia ao circuito turístico-hoteleiro e imobiliário nacional e internacional foi protagonizada pelo governo estadual em articulação com grupos hoteleiros internacionais, em especial, as redes hoteleiras espanholas e portuguesas. Esse processo é caracterizado pela implantação de enclaves turísticos, megaresorts hoteleiros e condomínios residenciais que
visam atender a demanda do mercado global, focando os seus países de origem. Encontra-se em curso nesta região um modelo de desenvolvimento urbano-regional complexo que se
evidencia em uma macrourbanização: uma linear caracterizada pela tendência e formação de um contínuo urbano linear de caráter metropolitano ao longo da rodovia BA- 099, integrando
os municípios de Salvador- Lauro de Freitas e Camaçari e pela macrourbanização dispersa; caracterizada pela formação de enclaves turísticos, espaços especializados focados no consumo vinculados ao lazer, ao turismo e a segunda-residência, que contam com modernas infraestruturas e serviços. Esses Complexos Turísticos Residenciais acompanham a primeira linha costeira, com casas e apartamentos vista mar construídos segundo um modelo
fechado que oferecem segurança aos seus clientes e múltiplos serviços. Trata-se de espaços que se distinguem socialmente do contexto regional, devido ao predomínio de grupos de alta renda, nacionais e estrangeiros. A coexistência da macrourbanização linear e dispersa tende a aumentar os conflitos socioambientais, devido à privatização do acesso às praias, rios, lagoas e outros recursos naturais. A análise das entrevistas com os representantes das empresas hoteleiras permitiu identificar similaridades e diferenças no processo de expansão internacional e nas estratégias de ação das empresas.
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Ekesiöö, Sara, and Johanna Widengren. "Internationalisering och finansiell prestation : En studie över sambandet mellan internationaliseringsgrad och finansiell prestation i svenska börsnoterade företag." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-194042.
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Internationalisering har länge ansetts vara positivt och bra för företags ekonomiska tillväxt och globala konkurrenskraft. Det finns dock både fördelar och nackdelar, vilka varierar beroende på företagets internationaliseringsprocess, det vill säga på vilket sätt och till vilken grad företaget internationaliseras. En mängd forskare inom internationell affärsverksamhet har tidigare studerat sambandet mellan internationaliseringsgrad och finansiell prestation. Resultaten har dock varit varierande, men många av de senare forskningsresultaten tyder på att ett icke-linjärt samband existerar. Inga likande studier har gjorts på svenska företag vilket denna studie ämnar göra. Vi har tillämpat en poolad tvärsnittsanalys för att utreda om skillnader i internationaliseringsgrader har olika effekt på företagens finansiella prestation. Vidare har vi i linje med tidigare studier testat för om ett icke-linjärt samband även finns hos svenska företag. Resultatet från våra statistiska analyser kunde inte bevisa att ett icke-linjärt samband mellan internationaliseringsgrad och finansiell prestation existerar. Dock visar resultatet att internationalisering skapar värde i svenska företag men att det inte har någon effekt på lönsamheten.
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Bizzotto, Magalhaes Garcia Rafael. "International Market Assessment and Entry – United States’ Fast Casual Firm Entering the Brazilian Food Market." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1560964690816666.
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Delespierre, Adrien. "L'internationalisation des grandes écoles d'ingénieurs françaises : une recomposition de la noblesse d'Etat." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E038/document.
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Les grandes écoles d’ingénieurs font, depuis les années 1980, l’objet de critiques annonçant la fin d’un modèle en déclin, condamné à disparaître ou à s’adapter aux exigences de la « mondialisation » ; elles sont ainsi amenées à se redéfinir de manière à préserver leur légitimité. Sont notamment pris pour cible plusieurs traits hérités de la période qui s’étend de l’Ancien Régime à la Restauration, et dont la combinaison fait la spécificité nationale de ces établissements : élitisme scolaire, recrutement sur concours à l’issue des classes préparatoires, petite taille des effectifs d’élèves, enseignement à vocation théorique et généraliste, et distance marquée vis-à-vis du monde professionnel. À travers ces propriétés particulières du système français des grandes écoles, les attaques des réformateurs mettent en question le rapport étroit qui le lie traditionnellement à l’État. Ce travail entreprend d’analyser la manière dont les écoles d’ingénieurs ont modifié leur structure, leur recrutement et leurs programmes pédagogiques pour intégrer ces injonctions à « s’internationaliser », terme ambigu dont on tâche de déconstruire le sens : l’examen des nouvelles formes de compétition entre grandes écoles d’ingénieurs montre notamment que les évolutions du modèle français de la formation des élites ne bouleversent pas pour autant les principes d’organisation et de hiérarchisation du champ national. L’étude de la circulation internationale des élèves ingénieurs amène également à nuancer l’hypothèse d’un « marché éducatif mondial » se substituant progressivement aux États. On s’interroge enfin sur les métamorphoses de ce que Bourdieu désignait comme la noblesse d’État, et sur la question de savoir en quoi elle constitue une élite en voie d’internationalisation<br>Since the 1980’s, French grandes écoles are undergoing critics announcing the end of a declining educational model, which is condemned to disappear or to adapt itself to requirements of “globalization”. In order to integrate new criteria of excellence, French engineering schools reform their pattern of selection and education, which is traditionally founded on academic values. Through the special characteristics of the French system of grandes écoles, reformers are challenging the traditionally close relationship that binds these institutions to the State. This work is aiming to analyze how engineering schools have changed their structure, their recruitment and educational programs to integrate these injunctions to "internationalize". The study about new forms of competition among engineering schools brings to light that changes in the French model of elite’s reproduction do not upset the national principles of organization and hierarchy. The analysis of international flow of engineering students also leads to nuance the hypothesis of a "global education market" gradually replacing the States. This research finally examines the metamorphoses of what Bourdieu designated as “State Nobility”, and it questions the actual range of its internationalization
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Guimarães, Orlineya Maciel [UNESP]. "A internacionalização do ensino superior: estudo de caso sobre a mobilidade internacional de estudantes de graduação da Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, campus de Franca, no período de 2003 a 2014." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137864.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-15<br>Esta pesquisa pretende analisar a política pública de internacionalização do ensino superior, enfocando o aspecto específico da promoção da mobilidade acadêmica internacional de estudantes de graduação. Por meio da análise de aspectos normativos, estruturais e quantitativos relacionados a esta mobilidade, o presente trabalho apresenta o estudo de caso dos alunos dos cursos de graduação da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Unesp, campus de Franca. Seu objetivo é, portanto, analisar a política de internacionalização existente na Universidade, apresentando a relação entre as questões procedimentais e os resultados obtidos na execução desta política entre os anos de 2003 e 2014. Abordou-se as questões pedagógicas envolvidas com a realização do intercâmbio acadêmico internacional, buscando a compreensão da construção e as legislações pertinentes aos quatro cursos de graduação existentes no campus. Por meio de dados primários coletados são descritas as características da mobilidade acadêmica internacional dos estudantes de graduação da Unesp, campus de Franca, e os dados socioeconômicos destes alunos intercambistas. Por meio da investigação documental e relatos históricos é apresentada uma abordagem quanti e qualitativa, de modo a demonstrar de que forma esta mobilidade efetivamente foi assimilada e realizada no campus de Franca da Unesp.<br>This research aims to analyze the public policy concerning the internationalization of higher education, focusing on the specific aspect of the international academic mobility of undergraduate students. Based on the analysis of normative, structural and quantitative aspects related to this mobility, this dissertation presents a case study of students in undergraduate courses of Sao Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”), Unesp, at Franca. Its objective is therefore to analyze the existing policy in the University, and present the relationship between procedural issues and the results obtained in implementing this policy between 2003 and 2014. It also concerns pedagogical issues involved with the international academic exchange academic, as well as the relevant legislation and internal norms applied to the four existing undergraduate courses on this campus. Using primary data, this dissertation describes the characteristics of international academic mobility of undergraduate students of Unesp, at Franca, and socioeconomic data of involved students. It uses also documental research and historical data presenting quantitative and qualitative analysis in order to demonstrate how this mobility was effectively assimilated and held on the campus of Franca.
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Gonçalves, Monique Fernandes Aragão. "Fatores influenciadores na decisão de internacionalização de um banco estatal: o caso da aquisição de um banco argentino pelo Banco do Brasil." Associação Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2015. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/33.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-23<br>Entre uma gama de possíveis escolhas estratégicas para diversos países do mundo, o Banco do Brasil S.A. maior banco estatal brasileiro optou por incrementar, via aquisição, suas posições no mercado bancário argentino, em 2009. A partir desta constatação, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender quais foram os fatores determinantes para que o Banco do Brasil tomasse a decisão estratégica de incrementar, via aquisição de um banco, sua posição na Argentina, em detrimento de mercados de maior porte e potencial econômico. Adicionalmente o trabalho analisa as influências do ambiente institucional Argentino no processo de internacionalização do banco para aquele país. O referencial teórico se baseia nas teorias clássicas de internacionalização de empresas e suas aplicações à internacionalização de bancos, com estudos feitos principalmente em economias desenvolvidas e com bancos privados. Através de um estudo de caso único, este trabalho levanta especificidades e idiossincrasias presentes na internacionalização de um banco estatal de grande porte, a partir de um país emergente para outro país
emergente. A aquisição de um banco na Argentina foi a primeira investida deste tipo para o Banco do Brasil que, desde 1941 vinha praticando uma internacionalização baseada na abertura de escritórios, agências e estabelecimento de subsidiárias no exterior. Esta pesquisa demonstra quais foram os fatores determinantes para esta mudança no comportamento estratégico de internacionalização: A vontade do governo à época como acionista controlador, a crise financeira internacional, os movimentos dos concorrentes e consequente necessidade de proteção da base de clientes e as limitações impostas pelo modelo de crescimento orgânico. Após a tomada de decisão de alteração no modo de entrada, o banco optou por analisar possíveis mercados na América do Sul. Foram fatores determinantes para este recorte geográfico: O gigantismo do BB na região, a pretensão do acionista controlador e a menor distância psíquica percebida em relação a outras regiões geográficas. Já a opção pela Argentina, para implementação da estratégia de aquisição, teve como fatores determinantes: a menor distância psíquica percebida, a presença de empresas brasileiras, a necessidade de proteção da base de clientes, o fluxo comercial, o potencial do agronegócio no país, fatores geopolíticos, o retorno sobre o investimento e a experiência prévia no mercado Argentino. Após analisadas as influências do ambiente institucional argentino no processo de internacionalização do Banco para aquele país, encontrou-se que o BB, sendo uma empresa proveniente de um país emergente, acredita que sabe lidar com ambientes instáveis. Adicionalmente, os executivos da instituição acreditam no fortalecimento das instituições Argentinas no longo prazo.
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Caiado, André João Galo. "A utilidade das visitas oficiais: a percepção dos empresários que integram as comitivas oficiais." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10800.
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Economia e Gestão Internacional<br>Master in International Economics and Management<br>A participação de empresários em visitas oficiais realizadas por Chefes de Estado ou de Governo é uma forma das entidades oficiais promoverem a internacionalização e as exportações das empresas. Existe um vasto corpo de literatura sobre estudos que se debruçaram sobre a promoção das exportações e sobre a avaliação de programas de promoção das exportações. Contudo, até à data, parece não ter sido avaliada a utilidade das visitas oficiais como meio de promoção das exportações. Nesse sentido, este estudo é um contributo para a literatura teórica e empírica. É apresentada uma base teórica para fundamentar a utilidade das visitas oficiais, elaborada a partir da literatura existente sobre a promoção das exportações, programas de promoção das exportações e missões comerciais. A nível empírico, este estudo aferiu a percepção dos empresários portugueses acerca da utilidade das visitas oficiais, através da realização de um inquérito aos empresários que participaram em 12 visitas oficiais organizadas pelos Chefes de Estado e de Governo, entre 2005 e 2008. Adicionalmente, o estudo propõe um modelo multivariável que analisa em que medida as características estruturais das empresas, e, as características associadas à visita oficial, podem afectar o modo como os empresários avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a concretização de determinados objectivos. Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade dos contactos e das informações obtidas durante a visita é um factor estatisticamente significativo e contribui positivamente para todos os objectivos avaliados. Os resultados revelam ainda, que factores como a dimensão, o capital estrangeiro, a intensidade exportadora, a intensidade de inovação, a experiência exportadora no mercado visitado, a existência de contactos ou negócios prévios, ou o facto de ser a primeira vez que a empresa visita o mercado, tendem a afectar o modo como as empresas avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a realização de determinados objectivos.<br>The participation of businessmen in official visits done by Heads of State or Government is a way found by official authorities to promote exports and the internationalization of the firms. There is a large body of literature about export promotion and the evaluation of export promotion programs. However, to date, it seems has not been evaluated the usefulness of official visits as a way to promote firms exports. This study provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature. The study presents a theoretical basis to substantiate the usefulness of official visits found in the literature about export promotion, export promotion programs and trade missions. A survey was done questioning Portuguese businessmen who had participated in 12 official visits to evaluate the usefulness of those visits. Additionally, the study proposes a multivariable model to examine how firm and visit caractheristics do affect, or not, the firms evaluation about official visits. The estimated results suggest that the quality of contacts and information gained during the visit positively affect the impact over a set of objectives. The results also reveal that factors such as firm s size, foreign ownership, export intensity, R&D intensity, experience in the market, the existence of previous contacts or business, or first visit to the market affect the firms evaluation about some objectives of official visits.
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Caiado, André João Galo. "A utilidade das visitas oficiais: a percepção dos empresários que integram as comitivas oficiais." Dissertação, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10800.
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Economia e Gestão Internacional<br>Master in International Economics and Management<br>A participação de empresários em visitas oficiais realizadas por Chefes de Estado ou de Governo é uma forma das entidades oficiais promoverem a internacionalização e as exportações das empresas. Existe um vasto corpo de literatura sobre estudos que se debruçaram sobre a promoção das exportações e sobre a avaliação de programas de promoção das exportações. Contudo, até à data, parece não ter sido avaliada a utilidade das visitas oficiais como meio de promoção das exportações. Nesse sentido, este estudo é um contributo para a literatura teórica e empírica. É apresentada uma base teórica para fundamentar a utilidade das visitas oficiais, elaborada a partir da literatura existente sobre a promoção das exportações, programas de promoção das exportações e missões comerciais. A nível empírico, este estudo aferiu a percepção dos empresários portugueses acerca da utilidade das visitas oficiais, através da realização de um inquérito aos empresários que participaram em 12 visitas oficiais organizadas pelos Chefes de Estado e de Governo, entre 2005 e 2008. Adicionalmente, o estudo propõe um modelo multivariável que analisa em que medida as características estruturais das empresas, e, as características associadas à visita oficial, podem afectar o modo como os empresários avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a concretização de determinados objectivos. Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade dos contactos e das informações obtidas durante a visita é um factor estatisticamente significativo e contribui positivamente para todos os objectivos avaliados. Os resultados revelam ainda, que factores como a dimensão, o capital estrangeiro, a intensidade exportadora, a intensidade de inovação, a experiência exportadora no mercado visitado, a existência de contactos ou negócios prévios, ou o facto de ser a primeira vez que a empresa visita o mercado, tendem a afectar o modo como as empresas avaliam a utilidade das visitas oficiais para a realização de determinados objectivos.<br>The participation of businessmen in official visits done by Heads of State or Government is a way found by official authorities to promote exports and the internationalization of the firms. There is a large body of literature about export promotion and the evaluation of export promotion programs. However, to date, it seems has not been evaluated the usefulness of official visits as a way to promote firms exports. This study provides a theoretical and empirical contribution to the literature. The study presents a theoretical basis to substantiate the usefulness of official visits found in the literature about export promotion, export promotion programs and trade missions. A survey was done questioning Portuguese businessmen who had participated in 12 official visits to evaluate the usefulness of those visits. Additionally, the study proposes a multivariable model to examine how firm and visit caractheristics do affect, or not, the firms evaluation about official visits. The estimated results suggest that the quality of contacts and information gained during the visit positively affect the impact over a set of objectives. The results also reveal that factors such as firm s size, foreign ownership, export intensity, R&D intensity, experience in the market, the existence of previous contacts or business, or first visit to the market affect the firms evaluation about some objectives of official visits.
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Bäckström, Adam, and Roland Khadampour. "Internationalization : The theoretical relevance in internationalization." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15024.
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During the past few decades something interesting has occurred. The internationalization of firms has changed business between and in different countries. New technology and improved communication tools create opportunities for firms´ internationalization, which has led to increased internationalization today.The purpose of this dissertation is to explore different theoretical models applicability to firms’ internationalization today. The data collection consists both of primary –and secondary data. The primary data was collected through interviewing decision makers in leading positions in firms with insights of internationalization. Moreover, different perspectives of internationalization was elaborated in this research because interviews were established in firms from different industries. The secondary data collection consisted of information from the firms´ websites and the firms' annual reports to analyze the degree of internationalization. The combination of data collection provided better insights of the different firms´ internationalization. To be able to secure that this research is realistic, exploration of three different theoretical models that describe internationalization was implemented.The results show that some theoretical models are applicable to some firms and industries. Internationalization depends on two factors: What type of products the firm have, and what type of business the firm is in. Therefore, it internationalize accordingly. Thus, the theoretical models are created to focus on different internationalizations such as fast expansion and Step by Step expansion. Moreover, there are also different internationalization approaches in different industries. Firms have a unique business concept and, therefore, their internationalization processes are different from one another in some ways. This shows that one theoretical model cannot explain all the different types of internationalization. However, all three theoretical frameworks are applicable to today´s internationalization in different ways.
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Alvarez, João Fábio Meggiolaro. "Internacionalização de instituições financeiras de língua espanhola e portuguesa." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11522.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-07<br>O objetivo do artigo é determinar quais são as variáveis que impactam a escolha de um país para operar no processo de internacionalização de bancos de língua espanhola e portuguesa. Além disso, o artigo busca identificar se há diferenças nestas variáveis para bancos públicos e privados. A amostra é composta por 141 bancos com operações em 59 países e, utilizando um modelo logite, conclui-se que estes bancos operam em países com maior integração comercial e linguística ao seu de origem, além de serem próximos entre si, e com maior oportunidade de crescimento. A internacionalização seria feita, principalmente, por bancos maiores e aponta que há diferenças na magnitude do impacto das variáveis entre bancos públicos e privados.<br>The objective of this paper is to determine which variables impact the choice of a country to operate in the process of internationalization of Spanish and Portuguese speaking banks. Furthermore, the article seeks to compare the possible differences in these variables for public and private banks. The sample consists of 141 banks operating in 59 countries and, using a logit model, concludes that these banks choose countries with greater trade integration and language to their countries, and are closer to each other, and with more opportunity for growth. The internationalization would be mainly taken by larger banks and points out that there are differences in the magnitude of the impact of variables between public and private banks.
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Bell, Robin Stuart. "A study into the direct export stage of the internationalization of manufacturing small to medium sized enterprises from China : the influence of experiential knowledge and entrepreneurial input on the perception of barriers to export." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2012. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/1221/.
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The Uppsala Process Theory of Internationalization (PTI) and the International New Venture Theory of Internationalization (INV) are two of the most influential and well researched behavioural theories of internationalization to have emerged from the internationalization literature stream. They offer alternative descriptions of the path that enterprises take to internationalization and have both led to streams of literature focusing on different aspects of the internationalization process. Both models explain how an enterprise moves from an initial ‘low’ domestic starting point and progresses to become an international enterprise. The two models both explain the behaviours and attributes that are necessary in order to successfully develop along their respective predicted international trajectories. These behaviours and attributes highlighted within each model are said to be highly influential in helping to overcome and/or mitigate the barriers on the predicted trajectory to internationalization. However, the impact that these behaviours/attributes have on the perception of barriers to export has rarely been tested directly. This research is designed to investigate the relationship between experiential knowledge (a fundamental concept within the PTI model) and entrepreneurial input (a fundamental concept within the INV theory), on the perception of a range of selected barriers to manufacturing export, from the Chinese province of Ningxia. This research developed a conceptual framework and testable models based on experiential knowledge and entrepreneurial input. It then identified a selection of barriers to manufacturing export from the Chinese province of Ningxia. These were selected from the export barrier literature stream. This research took a positivist view and quantitative data was obtained from the use of structured self-administered questionnaires administered through judgement sampling techniques at business seminars and consultancy sessions. A total of ninety-eight valid responses were used for quantitative analysis. Correlation and regression techniques were used to analyse the data and new combined models from the experiential knowledge and entrepreneurial input model variables were developed using Stepwise Regression. The study found, in the majority of cases, that as the individual experiential knowledge and entrepreneurial input model variables increased, the perception of difficulty of the individual selected barriers to export decreased. The experiential knowledge model could best explain the reduction in the perception of twelve of the barriers to export, whereas the entrepreneurial input model could best explain the reduction in the perception of six different barriers. Of the eighteen selected barriers to export, the constructed combined models better explained the reduction in the perception of the individual barriers to export in thirteen cases. Other findings of this research include; the ‘export intensity’ variable best explained the reduction in the perception of nine of the eighteen barriers to export; the ‘attitude to risk’ variable best explained the reduction in the perception of four barriers; the ‘years of international involvement’ best explained the reduction in the perception of two barriers, and finally the ‘level of education of the decision maker’ variable best explained the reduction in the perception of two barriers, which included the ‘identification of new markets’ and ‘overcoming unfamiliar documents and procedures’ barriers. The research ends with a discussion of SME development policy in the light of the research findings.
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Faircloth, Catherine. ""Work Hard, Depend on Yourself": The Transition Stories of Seven International Master's Students at an Elite U.S. School of Education." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107591.
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Thesis advisor: Audrey Friedman<br>As increasing numbers of international students enroll at US universities, these institutions must consider how best to create inclusive campus environments that serve varied learning needs. While international student enrollment at schools of education remains low, some elite programs are drawing growing numbers, but there is a dearth of research regarding international students' transitions into this culturally-embedded field. These experiences warrant investigation so that faculty, administrators, and fellow students might better understand, accommodate, and empower the international students in their midst. The purpose of this dissertation is to describe how 7 female international students from China, South Korea, and India perceive their transition experiences in Master’s programs at an elite US graduate school of education. Three interviews were conducted with each woman, using questions based on Charmaz's (2006) life change protocol. Research sub-questions concerned: a) the decision to study in the US, b) the women’s personal characteristics and background experiences, c) challenges and changes, d) strategies, and e) forms of support. Grounded theory was paired with narrative methods to analyze and present findings, highlighting themes within and across participants’ transitions. Schlossberg’s transition model (Anderson et al., 2012) was used to interpret results, especially women's coping resources. Three main themes emerged: the complexity of self-determination, hard work and its limits, and marginalization and attempts to minimize it. Despite positive experiences, the women faced challenges. While most gained a sense of independence, some resented their new responsibilities and missed previous support networks. All women reported hard work as a key academic strategy, but their diligence was not always enough to transcend language and cultural barriers. Faced with segregation and/or marginalization in America, most women attempted to enrich their experience, surrounding themselves with caring people, volunteering, or seeking resources to achieve goals. The findings suggest that institutions of higher education should assess the social and academic needs of international Master's students and offer tailored support services that address language and cultural barriers inherent in their programs<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education<br>Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Laucius, Rimgaudas. "Internationalization of Compilers." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20071204_102058-99395.
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The experience gained when participating in the projects of “OpenOffice.org”, “Mozilla”, “AbiWord” and other software localization has revealed that even the software developed for international markets is often insufficiently internationalized. Because of that its localization is more difficult and followed by various problems. By investigating the origin of a low software internationalization level and looking for the solution of this problem, some hypotheses have been made and tested. Tasks of the work: 1. To analyse scientific and methodical literature, related with software internationalization and discuss the theoretical aspects. 2. To analyse and compare the most frequently used compilers in terms of internationalization. 3. Experimentally internationalize the chosen compiler. After corroboration of the hypotheses, additional objectives have been made: 4. To analyze aspects of internationalization of compilers and systemize them. 5. To prepare the method of internationalization of compilers.<br>PĮ internacionalizavimas yra gamintojo prerogatyva ir tai yra PĮ gamybos proceso dalis. Todėl didelę įtaką jam turi gamybai naudojamų priemonių internacionalizacijos lygis. Jei priemonės nėra pakankamai internacionalizuotos, tuomet šis procesas yra neįmanomas arba reikalauja didesnių papildomų investicijų. Pavyzdžiui, akivaizdu, kad programuotojas susidurs su sunkumais kurdamas internacionalizuotą PĮ, jei programavimo priemonės neleidžia pirminiame tekste naudoti daugiakalbio teksto. Ankstesni PĮ lokalizavimo darbai [DL03] [La03] [DL04] ir Free Pascal kompiliatoriaus pritaikymo Lietuvos mokykloms [DL01] [La01] srityse atskleidė, kad lokalizuojant PĮ vis dar išskyla daugybė problemų, kurių priežastimi yra nepakankamas jos internacionalizacijos lygis. Daugelis autorių linkę šių priežasčių ieškoti PĮ gamybos (internacionalizavimo) procese [Yo01] [Ye03] [Su01]. Tačiau pagrindinės priežastys kyla iš giliau t. y. iš nepakankamo PĮ gamybos priemonių internacionalizacijos lygio. Darbe pateiktas kompiliatorių internacionalizuotumo lygio įvertinimo metodas leis įvertinti kompiliatorių internacionalizuotumo lygį. Tai leis įvertinti kompiliatorių galimybes kurti internacionalizuotą PĮ, juos palyginti internacionalizuotumo aspektu.
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François, Sébastien (Sébastien Emmanuel). "Challenges for internationalization models : the case of e-commerce ventures' informal internationalization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72871.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34).<br>This paper investigates if internationalization models can be applied to American e-commerce ventures. Empirical results show that e-commerce ventures do not follow internationalization models, in which companies either focus on their national market before expanding to other markets or aim for an early internationalization. Many e-commerce ventures start with informal exports and then either formalize these sales channels, either focus only on the US market. The probability of informal exports declines when firm size increases. These results challenge internationalization models and call for a revision of them to include informal exports.<br>by Sébastien François.<br>S.M.
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Vithanage, Radeeka, and Solongo Oyuntugs. "Internationalization of Family Firms : The effect of family-specific resourceson internationalization decisions." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43822.
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Background: Sweden is known for encouraging entrepreneurship where 99.9% of the business organizations are SMEs. Including Sweden, several other countries in the world provide significant importance to family firms, as their contribution is noteworthy to the global economy. Due to numerous reasons such as globalization and growth aspects, FSMEs are forced to gain competitive advantage through international diversification. Internationalization of FSMEs can be influenced by unique characteristics of family firms.Purpose: Internationalization is a process where the decision of internationalization can be affected by several factors including resources. Among unique characteristics of family firms, FSMEs also possess family-specific resources that may influence these decisions. Hence the purpose of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding on which and how family-specific resources influence internationalization decisions.Method: With the use of a single case study method, we gained valuable insight of a Swedish candy manufacturing family firm which engaged in internationalization successfully. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, company website, published press interviews, press articles and other databases.Conclusion: Internationalization can be a daunting decision for family firms where availability of resources play a major role. The key family-specific resources that influenced the decision of internationalization of the family firm studied in this thesis were bridging social capital, human capital and governance capital. The remaining capitals may have contributed to the internationalization process. Other than the family-specific resources, factors such as generational change and ability to gain substantial financial support in further influenced their internationalization decisions. These findings likewise confirm the existence of heterogeneity of family firms which makes them unique.
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Anderson, William. "INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TELEMETRY SYSTEMS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613055.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>The international market for telemetry systems is growing, and U.S. companies offer technology that cannot be matched. Foreign customers increasingly require local language user interfaces on delivered systems. Emerging software standards allow these requirements to be addressed.
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Carona, Eduardo João Bonneville Torres. "H3 internationalization to Brazil." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9523.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>h3 is a Portuguese firm competing in the fast food market with a hamburger gourmet
concept. The firm is now a strong player in Portugal (39 stores); Poland, Warsaw (1
store); Spain, Madrid (1 store) and Brazil, São Paulo (2 stores). As a result of their
successes in the domestic market, internationalization was a natural step. One of the
major challenges the firm faces is the model to use in expanding into the Brazilian
market. The aim of this project is to suggest to the firm the best approach for h3 in their
expansion into Brazil. In order to assess the best mode of entry into new markets within
Brazil, an in depth analysis of the h3 success performance in Portugal is necessary. By
analyzing the Brazilian fast food market, we can see to what extent these markets
achieve and do not achieve parity. As we shall see from the analysis, expansion is
completely viable within the Brazilian market, to the states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and
Estado Federal. Furthermore, the existing model h3 uses in its current Brazilian stores,
that is, a joint venture model with h3 and its Brazilian partners as the master franchiser,
will be the most successful route to rapid expansion in the region and in ensuring that
competitors do not steal the concept h3 has pioneered.