Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Internet addiction'

L’addiction à Internet a fait l’objet de nombreuses études à travers le monde durant les vingt dernières années. Pourtant aucun consensus au sujet de sa définition ou de ses critères diagnostiques n’a encore été admis, soulevant ainsi de nombreux débats. Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la conceptualisation de l’addiction à Internet principalement au travers de ses outils d’évaluation, et de combler un manque de données empiriques au sein d’échantillons français.Étude 1 – Objectif : Déterminer le nombre d’outils de mesure de l’addiction à Internet et mettre en avant leurs qualités psychométriques. Résultats : Quarante-cinq outils mesurant l’addiction à Internet ont été identifiés dont seulement dix-sept ayant été évalués plus d’une fois en termes de propriétés psychométriques. La plupart des échelles existantes nécessitent de plus amples travaux de validation. Bien que critiqué, l’Internet Addiction Test (IAT) est l’échelle présentant le plus de supports empiriques. Cependant, de nombreuses échelles prometteuses requièrent un examen plus approfondi. Étude 2 – Objectif : Évaluer les qualités psychométriques de l’Online Cognition Scale (OCS). Résultats : Les analyses factorielles de l’OCS suggéraient un meilleur ajustement du modèle avec une solution à 5 facteurs (27 items), comparé au modèle original (36 items). Nos résultats mettent en avant une excellente consistance interne et des corrélations inter items et test-retest satisfaisantes. Les scores de l’OCS étaient significativement corrélés avec ceux de l’IAT, du temps passé en ligne et des symptômes dépressifs au cours des deux passations. Étude 3 – Objectifs : Évaluer les qualités psychométriques de la Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 et la pertinence du modèle d’Utilisation Problématique Généralisée d’Internet (UPGI) au sein d’étudiants français. Résultats : Les résultats de la modélisation en équations structurelles soutiennent ce modèle conceptuel de l’addiction à Internet, et un bon ajustement du modèle aux données. Les qualités psychométriques de la version française de la GPIUS-2 étaient satisfaisantes, notamment la fiabilité, et les validités convergente et concurrente, confirmant l’utilité de cet outil multidimensionnel. Étude 4 – Objectif : Explorer la relation entre l’UPGI et les Utilisations Problématiques Spécifiques d’Internet (UPSI). Résultats : Nos analyses mettent avant des relations significatives entre l’UPGI, les symptômes psychopathologiques et la plupart des UPSI, avec de nombreuses différences en fonction du genre et de l’âge. Alors que les scores d’UPSIcommunication prédisaient ceux d’UPGI chez l’ensemble des participants, ceux d’UPSIrecherche d’informations et jeux en ligne, ainsi que les symptômes dépressifs n’étaient significatifs que chez les femmes, les hommes et les jeunes adultes, et l’UPSIconsommation de vidéo/musique et le temps passé en ligne uniquement chez les femmes et les jeunes adultes
Internet addiction has been the subject of numerous studies worldwide, during the last twenty years. Yet, no consensus on its definition or diagnosis criteria has been admitted, which therefore is triggering numerous debates. The present research aims to study the conceptualization of Internet addiction mainly through its assessment tools, and to fill in the lack of empirical data among French samples.Study 1 - Aim: To assess the measurement tools for Internet addiction and their psychometric properties. Results: Forty-five tools assessing Internet addiction were identified, of which only seventeen had been evaluated more than once in terms of their psychometric properties. Most of the existing scales for Internet addiction require further validation work. Despite criticism, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) appears to be the scale with the most empirical support. However, numerous promising scales warrant further examination.Study 2 - Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Online Cognition Scale (OCS). Results: Confirmatory factorial analyses showed that the 4-factor solution did not demonstrate satisfactory fit but the 5-factor model was found to better fit the data. Our results revealed that the scale scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency and satisfying inter-item correlation and test-retest reliability. The OCS was significantly correlated with the IAT, time spent online and depressive symptoms at both time points.Study 3 - Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 and the relevance of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use (GPIU) model among French users. Results: Path analysis provided support for this conceptual model of problematic Internet use, and a good fit to the data. The psychometric properties of the French version of the GPIUS-2 were satisfying, including reliability, concurrent and convergent validities, suggesting the usefulness of this multidimensional tool.Study 4 - Aim: To explore the relationship between GPIU and Specific Problematic Internet Uses (SPIU) Results: Our analysis revealed significant relationships between GPIU, psychopathological symptoms and most of SPIU, with many differences according to gender and age. SPIUcommunication scores significantly predict GPIU scores among the whole sample, whereas SPIUinformation seeking and gaming, and depressive symptoms were only significant among women, men and young adults, and SPIUconsumption of video/music and time spent online, among women and young adults

Based on a sample of 1,012 late adolescents and young adults (ages 18-26), the current three interrelated studies tested a series of specific questions and hypotheses focused on understanding Internet Addiction. Study 1 sought to directly compare psychometric properties of four of the most widely used Internet addiction scales based on citation metrics (Internet Addiction Test, Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire, Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 and Chen Internet Addiction Scale), and to aggregate the best items across all scales into a new measure using bifactor IRT analyses. The resulting 10-item Aggregated Internet Addiction Scale (AIAS) consists of the best performing items from the original scales, representing each of Griffiths’ six conceptual criteria, and matches each original scale in performance (reliability, test information, relationship with covariates) with considerably lower item count. This offers an important alternative to scholars seeking a reliable and valid measure which is consistent with Griffiths’conceptual work. Study 2 tested a set of hypotheses based on a behavioral model of Internet addiction in which online activities are used and reinforced as a maladaptive coping strategy to manage stress. If Internet is used to disengage from stressors, it may become associated with the desirable outcome (reducing stress), while not actually solving it; rather, it would exacerbate the underlying problems and therefore create more stress. Stress was found to be positively associated with Internet addiction symptoms; in addition, this effect was mediated by reliance on problem disengagement coping strategies. Self-control was found to moderate the relationship of stress and coping strategies (with exception of problem disengagement); however, it did so in an unexpected direction. At lower levels of self-control the relationship of stress and reliance on engagement strategies becomes more positive, and conversely, more negative for emotional disengagement The moderation, however, had little impact on the indirect effect. Finally, the third study tested a series of hypotheses based on Uses and Gratifications theory (UGT) and the existing literature on predictors of Internet addiction. Specifically, it compared low self-esteem (LSE), perceived social self-efficacy (PSSE), and self-control (SC) as predictors of Internet addiction. Building on UGT, specific online behaviors were examined as mediators of the relationship between known predictors and Internet addiction. Social networking was hypothesized to mediate the pathway from LSE and PSSE to Internet addiction; and the use of internet for entertainment was hypothesized to mediate the path from SC to Internet addiction. Using structural equation model SC was found to be the strongest predictor of Internet addiction, both directly and indirectly through entertainment use. After controlling for SC and entertainment online use, social networking and the hypothesized underlying predictors (LSE and PSSE) had no remaining explanatory power for Internet addiction. There three predictors overlapped to some degree, where SC explained the largest amount of unique variance.

In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the phenomenon of excessive Internet use, variously termed Internet addiction, Internet dependency and problematic Internet use. Despite this, there is still little agreement as to what constitutes this phenomenon, whether it should be considered a clinical disorder or not and what leads to this excessive or maladaptive use. The terminology used in this study is that of Problematic Internet Use (PIU). Several theoretical models have been proposed in the understanding of PIU including personality models, operant conditioning models, social cognitive and cognitive behavioural models (Davis, 2001; LaRose, lin & Eastin, 2003; Young, 1999). A proposed gap in the literature is the lack of studies exploring participant experiences of problematic Internet use. It is for this reason that this study aimed at exploring the experiences of a small sample of individuals with self-identified problematic Internet use. The implications of this phenomenological data for the above-mentioned theoretical models were then reviewed. This study used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach in exploring these aims. A sample of four participants was selected through purposive sampling techniques. Four major themes emerged from the analysis namely: Escapism, Social Insecurity and Validation, Perfectionism and Control. These experiences of participants were also explored in terms of the conceptual models reviewed in order to compare how closely they related to participant experiences. A strong inter-relationship was found between the four themes mentioned above. The Internet appeared to provide a sense of control and validation to these individuals while simultaneously rendering them unable to maintain control of their Internet usage in relation to this. This sense of control was experienced through an escape from negative emotions, offline obligations and at times a dissatisfactory position in reality. Of the four models reviewed, the Social Cognitive model proposed by LaRose et al. (2003) appeared to offer the most relevant understanding of PIU to participant experiences. The presence of maladaptive cognitions also appeared to feature strongly as an underlying factor in participants' PIU, as theorised by cognitive behavioural models (Davis, 2001; Young, 1999) Finally recommendations are made for further more detailed exploration of PIU using interpretative, experiential methods.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
A dependência à Internet constitui-se como um tema de investigação proeminente nos países anglo-saxónicos desde a década de noventa. Apesar das suas várias definições e crescente interesse de investigação, em Portugal até ao momento, esta área de investigação em Psicologia mantém-se pouco desenvolvida. O presente estudo procurou 1) realizar o estudo das qualidades psicométricas e de adaptação do Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998) à população portuguesa do ensino secundário e superior; 2) testar a existência de associações entre a dependência à Internet e a sintomatologia depressiva e; 3) avaliar relações entre a dependência à Internet em relação aos dados sócio-demográficos recolhidos. Participaram neste estudo um total de 545 estudantes portugueses do ensino secundário e universitário (161 masculino e 383 feminino), com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 39 anos (X̅ = 19.52), onde foi preenchida a versão portuguesa do Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998); Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996); e o questionário sócio-demográfico (Pontes & Patrão, 2013). Os resultados revelaram que a dependência à Internet encontrava-se associada positivamente não só aos sintomas depressivos (Rs = 0.222; p-value = 0.000), mas também a factores sóciodemográficos como o sexo do participante, estado civil, idade e ano académico em graus diferentes. Além disso, a versão adaptada do Internet Addiction Test apresentou propriedades psicométricas bastante satisfatórias. Com base nos resultados obtidos, discutiu-se a importância da prevenção e intervenção da dependência à Internet na população jovem, bem como a necessidade de alargar o sentido de consciência e literacia digital dos técnicos de saúde, educadores e pais para a problemática da dependência à Internet.
Internet Addiction is a prominent research field in the Anglo-Saxon countries since midnineties. Despite its various definitions and increasing research interest internationally, so far in Portugal, this new research area remains to be further investigated. The present study attempted to: 1) study the psychometric properties and to adapt the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998) to the Portuguese young adult population; 2) to test whether there was any association between Internet Addiction and depressive symptoms in current sample; 3) to assess Internet Addiction simultaneously with relevant socio-demographic data collected. A total of 545 Portuguese students, from secondary schools and universities (161 males and 383 females), participated in this study. Ages ranged from 15 to 39 years (X̅ = 19.52). All participants filled in the Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998); Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996); and the socio-demographic questionnaire (Pontes & Patrão) The results showed a statistically significant association between the measures of Internet Addiction and the incidence of the depressive symptoms (Rs = 0.222; p-value = 0.000). Additionally, Internet Addiction scores differed significantly according to sex, relationship status, age and academic year. The results obtained allowed us to adapt a short version (12- items) of the Internet Addiction Test with good psychometric properties and reliability. The impact of these results along with the importance of prevention and intervention within the Portuguese young population were further discussed in the study. The authors also reflected on the importance to extend the sense of awareness and also the importance of digital literacy among health practitioners, educators and parents in order to better understand Internet Addiction.

As the Internet becomes increasingly ubiquitous and mobile, Internet addiction appears as a potential mental health problem in adolescents and students. From the reported negative consequences, it appears Internet addiction can have a variety of detrimental outcomes for young people that may require professional intervention. The unique contribution to knowledge of this research is (i) the assessment of the interplay between certain personality traits and the usage of specific Internet applications in contributing to an elevated risk of Internet addiction in two independent samples of 3,105 adolescents in the Netherlands and 2,257 university students in the UK, (ii) the development and testing of the concise Internet addiction components model using the quantitative data obtained, and (iii) the phenomenological exploration of the presenting problem of Internet addiction from the perspective of 20 psychotherapists from Europe, the USA, and Canada. A mixed methods approach was used in the form of psychometric measurement and qualitative interviews. Data were analysed using logistic regression, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling, and interpretative phenomenological analysis. The results of the empirical studies indicate that (i) Internet addiction symptoms are prevalent in approximately 3% of the included adolescent and student populations, (ii) certain personality traits and Internet application usages are risk factors for Internet addiction, (iii) the Internet addiction components model may facilitate initial assessment, and (iv) the presenting problem of Internet addiction is relevant for contemporary psychotherapeutic practice. Overall, this research supports the American Psychiatric Association’s decision to include Internet Gaming Disorder as distinct condition in the appendix of the revised diagnostic manual (DSM‐5), with beneficial consequences for treatment, research, and prevention efforts. Conclusively, additional support is offered for understanding Internet addiction as disease, not as a transient and easily dispensable by‐product of a technophilic generation’s new media consumption.

Previous research on gaming addiction and Internet addiction (IA) has relied on inconsistent definitions and theoretical frameworks to define these constructs, and has negatively impacted on their assessment. However, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) included 'Internet Gaming Disorder' (IGD) as a tentative disorder in need of further investigation in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Following this preliminary recognition of gaming addiction as potential disorder, unification and standardisation in the field in terms of assessment became possible given that the DSM-5 provided a set of official criteria defining IGD that could be implemented in future research. The research in this thesis substantially contributes to knowledge by (i) systematically reviewing the inconsistencies in the psychometric assessment of IGD and IA, (ii) developing a new potentially unifying standardised psychometric assessment framework for both disorders, and (iii) identifying potential risk factors for IGD and IA. A cross-sectional design was employed across all empirical studies (Study 1, N = 1,003; Study 2, N = 1,060; Study 3, N = 1,105; Study 4, N = 1,100), and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling (i.e., measurement model and latent profile analysis), alongside traditional bivariate statistical modelling. The results indicated that, at a theoretical level, the use of inconsistent assessment tools to investigate IGD and IA has hindered progress in the field. At an empirical level, the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test) and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) were developed to assess IGD, and the Internet Disorder Scale (IDS-15) and the Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form (IDS9-SF) were developed to assess IA based on the IGD conceptualisation provided by the APA in the DSM-5. Overall, the research in this thesis confirms the usefulness of the utilisation of the IGD framework and the psychometric tools developed as a potential avenue to overcome the shortcomings related to previous heterogeneity issues in the assessment of both IGD and IA.

Background: Despite its exclusion in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Internet addiction disorder (IAD) has received attention especially from the psychiatric community. Associated with multiple factors, IAD among adolescents may cause physical, emotional, social, and function impairments that extend to adulthood. Objective: This systematic review explores the prevalence of IAD among adolescents and identifies associated factors. Methods: The databases of Medline and PubMed were searched for related literature through the Boolean Advanced Search using the keywords “Internet” or “cyber,” “addiction” or “dependence,” and “adolescent” or “youth” from 2003 to 2013. A total of 232 articles were retrieved and screened. Only 11 cross-sectional studies from 5 countries were included in this systematic review. The age of adolescent participants in these studies ranged from 13.8 to 17.3 years. Four assessments were employed to explore IAD among adolescents in the 11 reviewed studies. Among these studies, 4 employed the Young’s Internet Addiction (IA) Test, 4 utilized the Chen IA Scale, 2 studies used the Internet-Related Addiction Scale, and one study adhered to the Young’s DRM 52 Scale of Internet use among adolescents. Results: The prevalence of IAD among adolescents range from 1.5% to 18.8%. In this review, factors associated with high prevalence of IAD among adolescents include psychological (e.g., depression, attention deficiency, and hyperactivity disorder), social (e.g., family conflict),and demographic factors (e.g., male gender and older age), as well as use of the Internet (e.g., longer use of the Internet, online chatting, and gaming). Conclusions: With the increasing use of the Internet in managing daily activities, including learning, communication, and entertainment, it has become an essential part of human living in the modern world. The negative effects of IAD among adolescents might result in high healthcare cost, particularly in psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation. Thus, prevention of IAD at the early stage and promotion of healthy use of the Internet are important in safeguarding the mental wellness of people. The result of this review showed the prevalence of IAD among adolescents is associated with psychological, socio-demographic, environmental and living factors. Primary preventive education that focuses on the healthy use of the Internet and guidance could be promoted among adolescents and parents at the school and community levels, respectively. Moreover, secondary prevention programs that concentrate on the early prevention and identification of IAD and specifically designed for the at-risk group could be launched. Extra resources for the employment of counseling personnel should be considered. Future research on the at-risk group population of IAD among adolescents could be conducted. These initiatives could assist in designing a tailor-made intervention, and eventually in preventing the early onset of IAD.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-43).
Technology use-particularly the use of the Internet-is a pervasive component of modem society. The Internet has changed the way we work and the way we play, creating new possibilities for self expression and communication. But it also enables (and possibly encourages) compulsive behavior. Internet Addiction is the compulsive use of the computer and the Internet. Internet use is considered compulsive when the user engages in the behavior to such an extent that he is no longer able to meet his responsibilities and physical and emotional needs. Case studies and experts from the realms of medicine and media studies provide a description of the disorder and some of the causes that contribute to the dysfunctional behavior. The author also tackles a larger question: What does Internet Addiction mean in the context of our modem society?
by Rachel Diane VanCott.
S.M.in Science Writing

The articles studies the frequency and purpose of Internet use, the indicators of risk for Internet addiction and the persona lit y of 66 university students from a private university in Lima. These variables are analyzed together with the dimensions and facets of the NEOPI-R, based in the big five model. An association was found between the facets values (04) and actions (06), which belong to the Openness dimension (O), and the risk of Internet addiction. A deeper analysis reveals a positive relationship between the number of symptoms of Internet addiction and the Neuroticism (N) dimensiono Additionally, there is a negative relationship between the number of symptoms and the Consciousness (C) dimension,especially on the facets self-discipline (CS), dutifulness (C3), achievement-striving (C4) and deliberation (C6).
Se analizan los hábitos de consumo en Internet: frecuencia y finalidad de uso; los indicadores de riesgo de adicción al Internet, y la personalidad de 66 estudiantes de una universidad particular de Lima Metropolitana. Estas variables se analizan junto con las dimensiones y facetas del Inventario de Personalidad NEO-PI-R a partir del modelo de los cinco factores . Se encuentra una asociación entre las facetas valores (04) y acciones (06), pertenecientes a la dimensión Apertura (O), y el riesgo de adicción al Internet. Un análisis más profundo revela una relación positiva entre el número de síntomas de adicción al Internet y la dimensión Neuroticismo (N). Existe también una relación negativa entre el número de síntomas de adicción al Internet y la dimensión Conciencia (C), especialmente con las facetas autodisciplina (CS), sentido del deber (C3), motivación de logro (C4) y reflexión (C6).

A review of the literature on the relationship between Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and depression was conducted; a total of 22 papers met inclusion criteria. The review was structured by three questions: 1) Is there an association between IGD and depression? 2) What mediators and moderators may be involved in this relationship? 3) Is there any evidence to suggest causal pathways? The majority of the reviewed research identified an association between IGD and depression. Some potential mediators and moderators were identified, including self-esteem and loneliness, although methodological limitations restricted the inferences that could be drawn from the findings. The research is still in its infancy and more sophisticated research methods are required to further understand the nature of the association between IGD and depression. A quasi-experimental design was used to explore the proposed association between reward disturbances, internet addiction and depression. Specifically, it was hypothesised that the internet addict group would experience reduced ‘liking’ of positive stimuli and increased ‘wanting’ of internet stimuli, whilst being less motivated to obtain reward in comparison with controls. The internet addiction group reported significantly higher depression scores, however there were no differences in groups’ ‘liking’ of stimuli, yet the internet addiction group reported greater arousal overall. There were no between group differences for motivation, although within group correlations revealed that for the internet addiction group there was a dissociation between ‘liking’ of rewards and motivation to obtain them; there was also a positive correlation between BDI-II scores and motivation. These findings were not in line with hypotheses, and may suggest that the internet addiction group experience greater reward sensitivity, and are therefore drawn to internet use to satiate this heightened rewardsensitivity; or that internet addiction may serve as a form of experiential avoidance, thus potentially maintaining depression.

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between two external contingencies of self-worth (CSWs) in relation to Internet addiction among adolescents in Hong Kong. Based on past studies which indicated that external CSWs are vulnerable to threat, heighten perception of future interpersonal threat, and result in self-regulation problems, it was hypothesized that social competence and other approval CSW would be positively related to Internet addiction, and that this relationship would be mediated by perceived interpersonal threat. In addition, it was predicted that differences would be found in adolescents with high and low levels of perceived social competence. 804 local adolescents aged 11 to 19 participated in the study. Results of analyses supported the relationship between social competence and other approval CSWs and Internet addiction, which was mediated by perceived interpersonal threat. Perceived social competence was found to buffer the impact of perceived threat for individuals with social competence CSW. Findings are discussed within a cognitive-behavioral framework and potential clinical implications are suggested.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences

Rao, Yichen.
Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-184).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on 26, October, 2016).

碩士
中山醫學大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
104
Purpose　This study aimed to：(1) explore internet addiction trends during 2010 to 2014；(2) understand the relationship between internet addiction and health-related factors among college students in central Taiwan stratified by gender. Method　Three-year cross-sectional data were collected from 1,766 medical university students in central Taiwan by an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey at 2010, 2012 and 2014. Independent variables were smartphone with Internet, health-related factors (smoking, exercise habits, Body Mass Index, physical and psychological adaptation, depression). Dependent variable was internet addiction that was derived from Chinese Internet Addiction Scale-Revision (CIAS-R). The internet addiction score higher than 64 was defined as internet addict. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software (version 9.4). Chi-square test, t test were used for descriptive statistics and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results　According to bivariate analysis, the internet addiction rate in three waves cross-sectional surveys data showed significant time trend that 2010(26.45%) significantly higher than 2014(19.97%) and 2012(19.64%) in total sample. The major reason was whether smartphone with Internet. Smartphone with Internet and internet addiction will be varies with year. Based on the results of gender stratified multivariate logistic regression analysis, the time trend of internet addiction was not no longer existence after adjusted for demographic and health-related factors. Internet addiction was significantly associated with higher external physical symptoms score and a higher depression score in the female. For male students, internet addiction was significantly associated with higher perceived health status score, slight emotional disturbance and a higher depression score. Conclusion and suggestion　It seems that there are no significant time trend of internet addiction in the smartphone era. But the mechanism need further research to clarify. Our study found that the internet addiction associated with mental health among college students whatever male or female. This result could provide information for education and health authorities while they may pay more attention to the internet use and mental health education in the future.

碩士
高雄醫學大學
行為科學研究所碩士班
93
Internet addiction is one of the most important problems among adolescents in Taiwan. In the present study, we had made a survey for risk factors of internet addiction in adolescents. 3467 internet users (male 63.3%, female 36.7%) from junior high schools, senior high schools and vocational high schools in Taiwan were recruited in the study. The demographic data, characteristics of internet behaviors, severity of internet addiction, self-esteem, family function, and psychological status were assessed by self administrated questionnaire for risk factors survey. Students were divided to two groups according to total scores of Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised (CIAS-R): ≧64 for “case group” (750 students, 21.6%) , and ≦63 for “non-case group” (the cut-off value of CIAS-R is 63/64). The result revealed that male, vocational school students, low self-esteem, low satisfaction with family function, and poor psychological status correlated with internet addiction. Among psychological status, hostility, depression and phobic anxiety were the most significant predictor in the regression model for internet addiction. Gender differences were also found in Internet Addiction. In male, the significant predictors included vocational school students, self-esteem, satisfaction with family function and psychological status (especially hostility and phobic anxiety). In female, the significant predictors included satisfaction with family function and psychological status (especially hostility and depression). Adolescents with internet addiction were found to show low self-esteem, inadequate family function and poor psychological health.

碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
106
The purpose of this study is to explore the Internet use of New Taipei Municipal Jinhe High School students, motivation to personality, interpersonal relationships and Internet addiction. In May 2018, we randomly selected and sampled in the school as a research sample and collected 255 valid questionnaires.With the method of the statistical analysis, the conclusions drawn in this study were summarized as follows: collected 255 valid questionnaires.With the method of the statistical analysis, the conclusions drawn in this study were summarized as follows: 1.Among the personal background variables of this study,the performance of academic achievement and Internet addiction were significant. The results of this study showed no significant relationship among gender, grade and parental attitudes and internet addiction. Therefore, only the performance of academic achievements was significantly connected to the Internet addiction. 2.Among the Personality, the variables of Negative reached a significant and Positive correlation, Neuroticism, Extroversion , Smart openness, Agreeableness , Rigorous self-disciplineand Internet addiction were not significant. who has more Negative, the higher the chance of Internet addiction would be. In this section, only the average number of Negative was significantly related to the second hypothesis. 3.The real interpersonal relationship was negatively related to Internet addiction. The better the interpersonal relationship was, the lower the chances of Internet addiction would be. On the other hand, Internet interpersonal relationship was significantly and Positive correlation related to Internet addiction. The better the Internet interpersonal relationship was, the higher the chance was to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, the connection between the interpersonal relationship and the Internet addiction was strongly established. According to the findings, parents and school teachers are advised to discuss with their children the time length to use the Internet, plan more outdoor activities and design interesting curriculum to reduce their Internet access time so as to reduce the chance of Internet addiction. Keywords: Personality, Interpersonal, Internet addiction

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
輔導與諮商學系所
99
Abstract The purpose of this research aimed to construct an assessment module of Internet addiction of children. This research collected Internet addiction studies by systematic reviews. Internet addiction related variables were sorted into the most important eight types, including low self-esteem, the detachment of peers, poor family function, stress on study, boredom proneness, neuroticism, depression, social anxiety. The research tools used in this study were Chen Internet Addiction Scale for Children(CIAS-C), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Real Interpersonal Interaction Questionnaire, Family APGAR index, Stress Experience and Perceived Impact Scale(SEPIS), Boredom Proneness Scale-Short Form (BPS-SF), Personality Self-rating Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale(SIAS). The samples were 1,468 elementary school students of Taiwan. The statistic methods adopted in the study were descriptive statistic, Chi-square, t-test, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, Multiple regression, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The data were analyzed by SPSS12.0 and Amos18.0. The main results were as follows: 1. Each scale has substantial internal consistency and validity in assessment module of Internet addiction of children. 2. The rate of the Internet addiction subjects was about 18.8% of the overall samples. 3. Male subjects had a significantly higher rate of Internet addiction than female subjects. 4. Grades didn’t indicated statistical significant difference on Internet addiction. 5. Internet addiction children showed significant higher scores of low self-esteem, poor family function, stress on study, external/internal boredom proneness, neuroticism, depression, and social anxiety than non-Internet addiction subjects. 6. There was significant correlation between Internet addiction and low self-esteem, poor family function, stress on study, external/internal boredom proneness, neuroticism, depression, and social anxiety, but the detachment of peers was not significantly related to Internet addiction. 7. Gender differences were also found in Internet addiction. In male subjects, significant predictors included external boredom proneness, social anxiety, and depression. In female subjects, the significant predictors included social anxiety, depression, internal boredom proneness, and poor family function. According to the findings, several comments and suggestions are offered to further researchers and practitioners.

碩士
輔仁大學
心理學系
89
As the popularity of the Internet grows as well as its users, the problems caused by pathological internet use (PIU) such as family conflicts, academic failure, and deteriorating job performance, are gaining more attention then before. However, the psychological mechanism behind PIU is yet clear, for the scarcity of research done on this issue. What the general public knows about PIU, or Internet addiction, is mostly stereotypes learned from the media. The fact that people get addicted to the Internet has overshadowed the efforts put by the governments worldwide to encourage their people to go online. Learning more about the Internet addiction has become an urgent issue now. Most of the studies done before have all concentrated on pinpointing the addictive personality traits or additive Internet activities. However, there exist many different types of Internet addiction, including Internet sex addiction, Internet relationship addiction, compulsive Internet use, information anxiety, and computer addiction. Internet users with variant personality traits are drawn to different Internet activities, which would lead to disparate kinds of Internet addiction. Internet addition is the results of the interaction between Internet addictive traits and addictive activities. The efforts to single out certain type of addictive personality trait or any addictive Internet activity without taking into consideration the interaction effect would be confusing rather than clarifying our understanding on Internet addiction. In this research we first focus on the features of the online relationships, and then on the personality traits that are most easily to be drawn to the relationships online. Virtual relationships are featured by higher level of intimacy, self-disclosure, and uncertainty than in real life. Among all the three styles of attachment, the internal working model of the ambivalently attached are the closest to those features of the Internet described above. The Internet also provides the opportunity for individuals to engage in role reconstruction. People with low self-esteem, who usually have lesser self-concept clarity, might have been attracted to this Internet feature. The results of the study show that those who are more involved in the online relationships are more inclined to get addicted to the Internet. Ambivalent individuals compared to secure or avoidant people scored higher on the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). People low in self-esteem and those who are less certain on their self-descriptions are more prone to be Internet addicted. However, the interaction effects are not found between online relationship involvement and ambivalence, self-esteem, or self-concept certainty. Further discussion about the interaction effects can be found in the thesis.

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
研發科技與資訊管理研究所
102
Nowadays, the Internet is essential information medium, include personal communication, information search, academic research, online shopping, information exchange and on entertainment. The Internet has become an important part of our lives. In recent years, the development of Internet technology is fast, people can use mobile Internet device everywhere. However, overuse of the Internet can become a problem, someone has problem with “Internet Addiction.” This study aims to investigate the relationships among Internet addiction, Internet use motivation, personality traits, and interpersonal relationship of college students. This study utilized the questionnaire survey method. The participants of the study were college students in Taiwan. There were 450 students participating in the study, complete with 431 valid samples. We use regression analysis to verify all hypotheses. The result is summarized as following: All of the Internet use motivations for Internet addiction have a significant impact for college students. The personality traits of neuroticism for Internet addiction have a negative and significant impact for college students. The personal relationships for Internet addiction have a negative significant impact for college students. The personality traits of neuroticism moderate the relationship between personal relationships for Internet addiction has a significant impact for college students. Finally, according to the result of this research provide discussions and suggestions.

Internet is a global phenomenon with an ever increasing amount of users. More and more, people are easily and continuously online, due to the use of laptops, smartphones and tablets. Internet has its disadvantages, usually related to the problematic use of the internet, referred as internet addiction. The psychological variables that are associated with this addiction are still being investigated. Therefore we decided to study the relationship between internet addiction and self-esteem. This dissertation is composed of three parts. The first part is an introduction to the work elaborated, and contains the objectives and the context of the dissertation. The second part includes the article “Relationship between internet addiction and selfesteem: Cross cultural study in Portugal and Brazil”, written in English, to be submitted to the journal: Computers in Human Behavior. The article is divided in introduction, theoretical background and hypothesis, method, results, discussions and references. To summarize the investigation contained in the article, we can say that the sample included 1399 Portuguese and Brazilian internet users, from 14 to 83 years old, who responded to the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998b) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (Rosenberg, 1989). A factor analysis of the IAT was conducted, revealing three factors: withdrawal & concealment, social & personal consequences, and excessive use. Using Pearson correlation, we found a negative correlation among internet addiction and self-esteem. Linear regression indicated that low self-esteem explained 11% of internet addiction, and negative feelings caused by internet addiction (withdrawal & concealment) explained 13% of selfesteem. In the analysis of the IAT, we found that the individuals with higher levels of internet addiction were: (a) man; (b) Brazilian; and (c) young (14 to 25 years old). The third part includes the final considerations about the article and the dissertation. There are also two Appendixes. The first is a more extensive theoretical background about internet addiction and self-esteem. The second contains the author information pack, for the journal Computers in Human Behavior, in which the norms for the article were based.
A internet é um fenómeno global com uma quantidade cada vez maior de utilizadores. Cada vez mais, as pessoas estão mais facilmente e de forma contínua ligadas à internet, devido ao uso de computadores portáteis, telemóveis com acesso à internet e tablets. No entanto, a internet tem desvantagens, geralmente relacionadas com o seu uso problemático, designado como adição à internet. As variáveis psicológicas que estão associados a essa adição ainda estão a ser investigadas. Deste modo, o objetivo desta dissertação é analisar a relação entre adição à internet e autoestima. Esta dissertação é composta por três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo inclui uma introdução ao trabalho elaborado e, contém os objetivos e âmbito da dissertação. O segundo capítulo compreende o artigo "Relationship between internet addiction and self-esteem: Cross cultural study in Portugal and Brazil" (Relação entre adição à internet e autoestima: Estudo transcultural Portugal/Brasil), escrito em Inglês, para ser submetido à revista Computers in Human Behavior. O artigo está dividido em: introdução, fundamentação teórica e hipóteses, método, resultados, discussão e referências. Sumarizando, a investigação contida no artigo, podemos referir que a amostra incluiu 1399 utilizadores da internet, portugueses e brasileiros, dos 14 aos 83 anos, que responderam ao Teste de Adição à Internet (IAT) (Young, 1998b) e à Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) (Rosenberg, 1989). A análise fatorial do IAT foi realizada, revelando três fatores: abstinência e encobrimento, consequências sociais e pessoais, e uso excessivo. Usando a correlação de Pearson, foi encontrada uma correlação negativa entre adição à internet e autoestima. A regressão linear indicou que a baixa autoestima explicava 11% da adição à internet, e os sentimentos negativos causados pela adição à internet (abstinência e encobrimento) explicavam 13% da autoestima. Na análise do IAT, descobrimos que os indivíduos com níveis mais altos de adição à internet foram: (a) homens; (b) brasileiros; e (c) jovens (14 a 25 anos). A terceira parte inclui as considerações finais acerca, mais particularmente, do artigo e gerais da dissertação. Foram também incluídos dois Anexos. O primeiro é uma contextualização teórica, mais ampla, acerca da adição à internet e autoestima. A segunda contém o pacote de informação para autores, da revista cientifica Computers in Human Behavior, no qual se basearam as normas usadas no artigo.

碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
107
The study aimed to deal with the correlation among academic achievement, interpersonal relationship and Internet addiction in senior high students in Mingder Senior High School, New Taipei City. This study adopts the online questionnaire method, based on Chen Shuhui's internet addiction questionnaire, the interpersonal relationship questionnaire of Chen Yeh Zhu, together with other related questionnaires and articles.. Of the data randomly retrieved in January, 2019, 315 are valid questionnaires. The statistics analysis was performed on SPSS 22.0 for Windows software. The research findings are presented as follows. First, of the variables concerning personal background, there existed no significant difference among gender, grade, parental occupation and parent attitude. Under Assumption A, therefore, no one is observed related to Interaction Addiction. Secondly,among academic achievement, the grade of literature, the grade of science,and total score were not significant. Under Assumption B, therefore, no one is observed related to Interaction Addiction. Thirdly, The real interpersonal relationship was negatively related to Internet addiction. The better the interpersonal relationship was, the lower the chances of Internet addiction would be. On the other hand, Internet interpersonal relationship was significantly related to Internet addiction. The better the Internet interpersonal relationship was, the higher the chance was to be addicted to the Internet. Therefore, the connection between the interpersonal relationship and the Internet addiction was strongly established. Based on the research findings, the researcher thus suggests parents and schoolteachers discuss with their children about the time allocated in Internet use, plan more outdoor activities, and design interesting programs or curriculum to help their children reduce the time spent on the Internet. Besides, parents are suggested to develop more mutual understanding and beneficial interactions between their children so that so that the chances of Internet addiction can be lowered.

碩士
大葉大學
教育專業發展研究所
96
The purposes of this study are to explore the Parenting style, Internet using behaviors , Internet addiction, and related factors among high school students in Taiwan. The study exame the difference of Parenting style, Internet using behaviors, and Internet addiction of subjects; analyzes the background variables in the Parenting style, Internet using behavior, and Internet addiction on the students. Moreover, this study develops the structural equation model of background variables, Parenting style, Internet using behaviors, and Internet addiction, which serves the purpose of illustrsting the linear strutural relationships among the relevant variables. This study used a questionnaire survey to 12 high schools in Taiwan, including 1,111 students to study, imposed by the "Internet Addiction Scale", "Internet Use Scale," "Father Style Scale ", and" Mather Style Scale " Descriptive statistics, t-test analysis of variance, the typical related, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression were applied for the data analysis, using SPSS 12.0, and the good-of-fit of structural modeling and the relationships between dominant variables and observing data were investigated, using AMOS 5.0 (Analysis of Moment Structure). The research results are that there were significantly differences in gender in Internet using behavior and Internet addiction. There were significantly differences in social status in information of the use of the Internet. There were significantly differences in parenting style in Internet using behavior and Internet addiction. The parenting style, Internet using behaviors and Internet addiction had a significant correlation. There were significant forecasting role in Internet using entertainment、Internet using pornography, Internet using sociability, and parenting reaction in Internet addiction. There was a good fit measure result and the parenting reaction in high school students had significantly affections on Internet addiction. Internet using entertainment、Internet using pornography, and Internet using sociability in high school students had significantly affections on Internet addiction.

碩士
國立臺南大學
社會科教育學系碩士班
92
The purposes of the study were to analyze the correlation of internet usage between internet addiction and internet literacy on elemetntary school students, and the internet usage of high-risk group students.The study used the Chinese Internet Addiction Disorder scale and Internet Media Literacy questionnaire as insrumentation which was amended to fit the elemetary school student. Using the judgmental sampling to question 12 classes of the sixth grade in Tainan city, The questionnaire was send out from 19th to 26th in April in 2004.390 students participated in the study.72.3％ of the students linked the internet in their home.Information searching , e-mail, and on-line games were the main choices of their internet applications.On-line games was the most frequent choice of the internet applications of the students.Over half of the students delayed some activities because of using the internet.In the aspect of internet literacy , the highest average apeared in‘‘internet safe ability’’and the lowest in ‘‘internet law ability’’.The study showed internet addiction had appeared in the elementary school.The 5％ of the internet addiction scores of the sampling set in 68 showing high tendency of internet addiction.23 students were selected to interview from who got scores above 60 in chinese internet addcition disorder scale (the highet 15％ of the whole sampling ).The purposes of the interview were to analyze the internet using condiction of students , the relation between child and parents, and the internet addiction tendency of students. The primary findings as follows: Ⅰ.Male showed more easier internet addiction tendency than female.Students addict in web-cafe showed higher internet addiction tendency. The more the use of cyber-commuication ,the more easier internet addiction would show. Ⅱ.The history of internet using did not affect internet addiction tendency. Ⅲ.The computer knowledge of the internet addiction high-risk group was higher than their parents. Ⅳ.The higher the internet addiction appeared, the lower internet literacy showed. Ⅴ.Male showed lower ‘‘internet safe ability ’’. Ⅵ.The students who could link the internet at home showed the lower ‘‘internet law ability ’’.And some wrong idea of the law in intenet may passed in the classmates.

博士
國立成功大學
健康照護科學研究所
104
Background ＆ Objective: With the growing importance of the Internet in everyday life, mental health professionals have noted that a percentage of people using the web do so in an impulsive and out-of-control manner. Previous studies explored personality characteristics that are vulnerable to the development of Internet addiction (IA). A high rate of PD was found in individuals with IA in previous studies using clinical and limited sample sizes, and lacked case-control designs. Thus, the purpose of study one attempted to recruit from community-based colleges using a larger sample and a case-controlled study. Study one examined the prevalence of IA among college students with PD and made further comparisons between gender using a control group to compare the frequencies of PD between individuals with IA and those without IA. Furthermore, being the most widely studied and most commonly seen personality disorder in clinical settings, borderline personality disorder (BPD) deems to be a complex and chronic mental disorder that is often comorbid with serious behavioral problems such as addiction that can cause significant distress. Results from study one found that females with IA had a higher frequency of BPD, but due to the cross-sectional design, results were not able to illuminate the causal relationship and possible mechanisms between BPD and IA. Past literature have illuminated the high association between Internet use positive outcome expectancy and IA. Due to their symptoms of affect instability and impulsivity, we speculate BPD to be at higher risk of IA and use the Internet in order to alleviate their negative emotions, as well as to emancipate their desires. Thus, using a one-year follow-up design, the purpose of study two aimed to examine whether Internet use expectancy for tension reduction and disinhibition in time 2 (T2) was able to mediated the relationship between BPD features in time 1 (T1) and IA severity in time 2 (T2). Method: The present dissertation included two studies, of which the procedures and methods are described below. Study one analyzed the database collected by the projects supported by the grants from the National Science Council (NSC 96-2413-H-006-007) and the Medical Foundation of Behavioral and Women Medicine to Huei-Chen Ko. The author served as a part-time research assistant in the projects, and participated in parts of drafting the project proposals and data collecting through survey administration and semi-structured interview. Under the supervision and assistance of Huei-Chen Ko and Hsien-Yuan Lane, parts of the study has been submitted and published in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. In study one, 556 college students were recruited in 2009 from 5 colleges located in Southern Taiwan through convenience sampling. During the first phase of the study, self-report surveys were completed, including demographic background, Personality Disorder Features Scale used as a preliminary screening instrument to identify individuals with personality disorder features, and Chen’s Internet Addiction scale-revised to assess whether an individual has IA. During the second phase of the study, participants were given diagnostic interviews to confirm a PD diagnosis using the Chinese version of the Modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime short form, and were incorporated into the study analyses. All statistical calculations and analyses were done using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, Version 19.0. Descriptive statistics determined the demographic data characteristics of the student population. t-test was conducted to compare the age, Internet usage time, IA severity, and IA subscales between the IA and non-IA groups. Finally, chi-square analyses analyzed the difference in frequencies of personality disorders between the IA and non-IA groups. A P〈.05 was considered as significant. Study two analyzed the database collected by the projects supported by the grants from the Medical Foundation of Behavioral and Women Medicine and the National Science Council (NSC93-2520-S-006-002; NSC94-2520-S-006-001) to Huei-Chen Ko. The author served as a part-time research assistant in the projects, and participated in parts of drafting the project proposals, and data collecting through survey administration. Under the supervision and assistance of Huei-Chen Ko, Yuk-Ying Tung, and statistical assistance by Cheng-Chieh Li, parts of the study has been submitted and published in the Computers and Human Behaviors. Study two was a longitudinal study. 1,826 students were collected from Southern Taiwan colleges and universities, sampled through a stratified and random clustering in 2004 (time 1: T1), and 623 students (consisting of the students who were freshmen, sophomores and juniors in T1) were followed up one year later in 2005 (time 2: T2). A comprehensive survey including demographic background, as well as Borderline Personality Disorder Features Scale, Chen’s Internet Addiction scale-revised, and Internet Use Expectancy of Tension Reduction and Disinhibition questionnaire were administered. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, Version 20.0. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the non-followed-up and followed-up participants, and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the association between all measures. Based on the theoretical framework, structure equation modeling (SEM) analysis was applied to examine the mediating effect of Internet use expectancy for tension reduction and disinhibition (IUETRD) between BPD features (T1) and IA severity (T2). The criterion for statistical significance was set at P 〈 .01. Results: Study one found that out of the 556 students, 73 were classified into the IA group (≥68 on the CIAS), including 32 (9.4%) females and 41 (19.1%) males. For the entire sample as a whole, 20 of the 73 in the IA group (27.4%) and 67 of the 483 in the non-IA group (13.9%) were diagnosed with at least one PD. Compared between genders, 11 of the 32 females in the IA group (34.4%) and 41 of the 309 in the non-IA group (13.3%) were diagnosed with at least one PD; on the other hand, 9 of the 41 males in the IA group (22.0%) and 26 of the 174 in the non-IA group (14.9%) were diagnosed with at least one PD. Males with IA showed a higher frequency of narcissistic PD, while females with IA showed a higher frequency of borderline, narcissistic, avoidant or dependent PD when compared to those without IA. Study two examined the hypothesized model through SEM and found that IA severity (T2) was significantly predicted by BPD features (T1), fully mediated through Internet use expectancy for tension reduction and disinhibition (T2). The model yielded an adequate fit, and was able to explain 43.0% of the variance. We further analyzed the model between males and females, but no significant difference was observed between the models of the two genders. Thus, only the overall model was considered. Discussion: Study one was the first study to incorporate a control group and make comparison between genders to examine the relationship of PD to IA. Compared to college students without IA, college students with IA showed a higher frequency of PD in both genders; gender differences were observed in the relationship between PD and IA. However, the cross-sectional design cannot illuminate the underlying relationship between PD and IA. Additionally, other possible mediating or moderating factors, such as the role of outcome expectancy of Internet use, affective dysregulation, or interpersonal interaction, should also be incorporated to examine the association of PD and IA. Study two was the first research to use a longitudinal design to clarify the causal relationships between BPD features and IA severity. Results found that BPD features (T1) predicted IUETRD (T2), mediated through the positive expectancy of Internet use (T2), illuminating the importance of the social-learning model in how expectancy may play a part in BPD individuals. It is likely that high BPF individuals are more likely to become Internet addicted due to their positive outcome expectancies for “tension reduction” and “disinhibition.” To minimize the severity of IA among college campuses, future studies can develop interventions and verifications of study results focused on college students with high BPD features. Cognitively, programs can focus on discussing the consequences of IA, and challenge or help students to decrease their positive outcome expectancy of Internet use. Additionally, interventions should be designed in teaching students how to effectively express their negative affect and to develop alternative coping strategies to control their disinhibition. Additional factors may also play part in the learning process (such as depression, emotion regulation, social influence) and should be incorporated in future studies to provide a more comprehensive expectancy model of the cognitive process among college students with BPD features. Aside from BPD, the present dissertation did not examine the cognitive process in the development of IA among other PDs (especially pertaining to the other three PDs found in study one to be highly associated with IA, including narcissistic PD, avoidant PD, and dependent PD). It is probable that the common symptomology in cluster B or cluster C PDs are worthy to be further investigated in its relationship to IA, and that mediating and moderating roles of influential factors may serve an important area for future research.

碩士
世新大學
企業管理研究所(含碩專班)
102
According to TWNIC, the public announced number of total population on the internet has been reached 1,593 million in 2012. The growth rate is 3.56%. The rate of the youths before 12 who have internet access are almost 79.18%. Compared with the data five years ago, 70.98% of people on the web less than 3 hours have come to 20% growth. This research places internet utilization as the background, anticipating to provide the basic manifestation of people on the internet in general. Furthermore, this research also expects to inspect the internet addiction and the relationships among internet self-cultivation, social support and life satisfaction. The research exploits ordinary people as research samples, and on-line internet questionnaires for the benefits of easier recovery. Moreover, at the same time, seeking helps from friends and colleagues to gather information by emailing or calling people around. Additionally, I also use laptop or tablet computer to conduct interviews with the public in general. This research has sent 520 copies of questionnaires out, retrieving 507 copies back, deducting 24 copies of invalid questionnaires. The valid questionnaires are 483 copies. After recycling those valid questionnaires, by means of manual examination utilizing SPSS19.0 software as analyzing tools, this research went through descriptive statistical analysis, factors analysis , and reliability analysis to test the validity of the numbers as well as the hypothesis. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: 1.The internet self-cultivation and social support are clearly positively correlated. 2.The social support and life satisfaction are distinctly positively correlated. 3.The internet self-cultivation and life satisfaction are markedly positively correlated. 4.Internet addiction possesses moderating influences on Internet self-cultivation and social support. 5.Internet addiction holds mediating effects on social support and life satisfaction. 6.Social support has intermediary effects to both internet self-cultivation and life satisfaction. This research suggests future investigation can improve by profoundly interviewing experts in subjects, or case by case study. Through enhanced quality and greater quantity of research methods, the investigation can prove that the internet addiction will progress better because of internet self-cultivation, social support and life satisfaction.

碩士
聖約翰科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
105
With the development of science and technology and the internet in general, the internet has become an indispensable part of modern life. Therefore, more and more people have internet addiction phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among internet attitude, internet addiction, and resilience. In this study, questionnaires are used to study a case of New Taipei Municipal Jin-shan High School, including samples of 1078 students. The inventories of the research include “Internet Attitude Scale”, “Chen Internet Addiction Scale”, and “Inventory of Adolescent Resilience”. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results are as follow: 1. Internet Attitude has a significant impact on Internet addiction, among them, the Internet Attitude of toys, tools, telephones and trade has a significant positive effect on Internet addiction. 2. Internet addiction has a significant impact on resilience, there are significant negative effects on compulsive internet, and time management problem. 3. Internet Attitude has a significant impact on resilience, among them, the Internet Attitude of treasure of information, territory, tools and trade has a significant positive effect on Internet addiction. Finally, according to the research conclusion, the researchers put forward the relevant suggestions as educators and counselors and future research reference.

碩士
高雄醫學大學
行為科學研究所碩士班
93
Internet Addiction is a critical issue for mental health for adolescents in Taiwan. In order to prevent the adolescents from harm of internet addiction, preventive program developed according the risk factors of it was very important. Unfortunately, mountains studies focus on the risk factors of internet addiction lack assessment tool and diagnostic tool based on empirical data. Besides, most studies are cross-section study. It is difficult to clarify the causal or temporal relationship of these factors. In present study, by prospective study designed, we develop two cross section investigations for genius high school students in one year. In the first investigation, we assess the severity of internet addiction, the self esteem, the mental health, the family support, the life satisfaction, the personality, the stress level, family factor, online behavior, and demographic data. In the second investigation one year later, we investigate the severity of internet addiction, the self esteem, the family support, the life satisfaction, and the ADHD symptoms. Based on above assessment, higher sensation seeking, lower reward dependence, lower self esteem, lower family support, the sibling’s internet habit, online gamine, and higher hostility were revealed to be the associative factors for emergency of internet addiction. Besides, higher interpersonal sensation, higher hostility, and “not live with mother” were revealed to be the associative factors for maintenance of internet addiction. The result could provide to establish the guild for preventive and treatment schedule for internet addiction.

碩士
中原大學
心理學研究所
102
Background and Purpose: The rapid development of the internet makes it become one of the necessary tools in daily life, and internet usage problems also appear. The condition that excessively using internet results in physiological, psychological and life functional difficult is generally called internet addiction. Impulsivity is one of the risk factor for internet addiction. The purpose of the present study is to exam difference of delay discounting (DD) between internet addicts and non-internet addicts. Participants are Chung Yuan Christian University psychology department students. The research process divides into two stages. First, 250 participants complet Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). According to the result of CIAS, if the score is higher than (include) 68 , the participant will be classified as Internet addiction group. On the contrary, if the score is lower than (include) 50, the participant will be classified as non-Internet addiction group. Next, 31 internet addicts and 31 non-internet addicts participate computerized delay discounting task. Results: The following are the major findings. Males tend to have Internet addiction. They spend more time on the Internet and engage in online games and online chat. Those are positive with CIAS. Internet addiction group's DD and BIS-11 scores significantly higher than non- Internet addiction group. Discussion: Using DD task further finds that internet addicts prefer to choose the small and immediate reward. It means that immediate gratification for internet addicts is more important. For those have immediate feedback activities, online games and online chat are , people who takes more time to engage in these kinds of activities may have internet addiction tendencies. However, it is still an important issue whether using hypothetical amounts can represent an individual who faces the real rewards.

碩士
佛光大學
管理學系
99
With the progressive development of information technology and the open access of online games to the public, using computers to connect to the Internet for playing online games offers a new communicative media and activity zone. However, the popularization of online gaming has let partail consumers make playing them as a daily habits, and then gradually and unconsciously, they has become addicted to online games, become online-game addicts. The purpose of this study is to understand what factors has led to online-game addiction. Through the image based on interviews with a metaphor for the extraction technology (Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique, ZMET) , I, as a reserchers, tries to establish a consensus map of the players to find out the inner and metal factors that leads to online-game addiction. Also, based on the core symptoms of Internet addiction (IA-Sym) , this study tries to adapte them to set up a standard to measure online-game addiction, and then to verify the impact of these symptoms and inner factors on online-game addiction for the consumers. After interviewing 12 players in ZMET way, and through the establishment of a consensus map, this study gains 19 addictive factors, and going a step further, relates them to 16 constructs. According to these 16 constrcts, the resercher designs its questionary for the follow-up quantification reserch in online-game factors. After the resercher received 286 valid smapling（questionaries）in return, response rate 95%, and then analyzed them, the result showes that the 16 constrcts can be divided into two factors, "virtual and achievement" and "passion and enthusiasm”, and furthermore, that this two categories of factors have significant and positive influences on the core symptoms of those online-game addicts.

碩士
長庚大學
護理學研究所
90
Internet is very hot in the 21th century and results in various mental disasters in the E-generation. Thus, internet addiction becomes the new and developing topic. The aims of this study were to understand the internet addiction, and to examine the relationship between the internet addiction and demographic characteristics, internet using experience, psychological state, personality trait, stress in life. Moreover, the predictors of the internet addiction was explored. This study recruited 1591 undergraduates of a university located in the north of Taiwan and applied the questionnaires to collect the data . The results of the study were found as followings： 1.The ratio of the male and female was 1.14：1 for the internet explorers of the undergraduates. Subjects were age 21 in the average. Most of them were first grade students and in the medical college . 2.Most of the undergraduate internet explorers owned their own computers . The length of the internet experience was longer than 4 years. The exploring times were more than once per day, less 20 hours per week and they often used internet in the campus. 3.The undergraduate internet explorers often used BBS, WWW and E-mail. Besides, the popular types of website were searching engines, media news and the entertainments. 4.Ninty-four addictive subjects(5.96%) were identified. In the average, they were 20 years old and spent over 40 hours on the internet per week. 5.The undergraduate internet explorers who were male, PC owners, had more exploring times, and longer length per week were easier to have internet addictive behaviors when compared to the opposites. 6.The high risking group of internet addiction and the common group had significant differences from sex, exploring length, psychological state, personality trait and subjectively positive and negative stress in life when compared to the opposites. 7. Demographic data, owning a PC or not, exploring times and length, psychological state, personality trait, stress in life had significant relationships with internet addiction. 8.The significant predictors of internet addiction were depression, social anxiety, subjectively negative stress in life, sex, grade, college, subjectively positive stress in life, exploring times and length, PC owner. Predictors explained 16.8% of the total variance . This study provides several suggestions for the further studies and the counseling unit in the campus. In the future, the proper preventions and solutions can promote the health of E-generation students.

碩士
亞洲大學
心理學系
106
As the times evolve and advances in technology, the internet addiction has been a topic that has been heavily emphasized and discussed in recent years. The internet addiction can cause not only physical damage but also psychological effects. However, some studies have pointed out that the Internet using does not bring just disadvantages. The use of the internet itself is a complicated behavior and long-term use of the Internet may also lead to cognitive improvement due to cognitive training. The research purposes was to understand the relationship between the internet addiction and cognitive abilities, and discovered the patterns in resting state. First, we have correlations between the internet addiction, multitasking ability and working memory. Then, we calculated every subjects’ links strength in 14 networks and found correlations between the links and cognitive abilities (internet addiction and multitasking ability). As the result, there was no correlation between the internet addiction and multitasking ability, but a significant correlation between internet addiction and working memory. It meant that the internet addiction may only enhance specific cognitive abilities rather than comprehensive promotion. There was a significant positive correlation between multitasking ability and working memory. In resting state, the study also found that the higher the tendency of the internet addiction, the more debilitating the connections in many brain networks. Multitasking ability was significantly positively correlated with many functional networks, reflecting the ability which include a lot of cognitive functions in reality.

碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
106
With the advances in information technology, Internet has become an important part of everybody’s lives, which has led to the emergence of phubbers or Internet addicts, who spent long hours in the cyberspace. High frequencies are found in teenagers’ Internet use, who pour themselves into the virtual network but overlook interpersonal relationships and communications in real life and thus have brought about some potential problems. The study aimed to deal with the correlation among emotional management, parentchild relationships and Internet addiction in senior high students in Senior High School, New Taipei City. Of the data randomly retrieved in June, 2018, 367 are valid questionnaires. The statistics analysis was performed on SPSS 22.0 for Windows software. The research findings are presented as follows. First, of the variables concerning personal background, academic achievements showed significant difference in Internet addiction while there existed no significant difference among gender, grade, and parent attitude. Under Assumption A, therefore, academic achievement alone is observed related to Interaction Addiction. Secondly, emotional management is found to have negative correlation with Internet Addiction with significant difference. On the other hand, there is little significance in correlation between emotion awareness, emotion expression and Internet addiction. In other words, the better the emotional management is, the fewer chances of Internet addiction are. Thus the emotional management is partly agreed to Assumption B. Thirdly, there is negative correlation between parent-child relationships and Internet addiction, with significant difference. The better trust and mutual understanding the parents and children have, the fewer chances of Internet addiction are. Mutual trust, independence, and friend-like interactions between parents and children are observed to have positive correlation in Internet addiction, with significant difference. That is, a better relationship between parents and children helps lower the possibilities of Internet addiction. Therefore, parent-child relationship and Internet addiction under Assumption C is observed correlated. Based on the research findings, the researcher thus suggests parents and schoolteachers discuss with their children about the time allocated in Internet use, plan more outdoor activities, and design interesting programs or curriculum to help their children reduce the time spent on the Internet. Besides, parents are suggested to develop more mutual understanding and beneficial interactions between their children so that so that the chances of Internet addiction can be lowered.

碩士
國立臺南大學
諮商與輔導學系碩士在職專班
104
The purposes of this study were exploring the relationship among attachments, social interest and internet addiction of high school students. The participants of the study were 946 high school students in Taiwan. Questionnaire survey was used as the method of this study, and the instruments used in this research included subject basic information, Relationship Structures Questionnaire - Chinese, the Social Interest Scale, and Chen Internet Addiction Scales. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The main findings of the study are as follows: 1. Attachments of high school students have significant difference among genders, father’s and mother’s parenting attitudes. 2. Social Interest of high school students have significant difference among genders, mother’s parenting attitudes. 3. Internet addiction of high school students have significant difference among genders, father’s parenting attitudes. 4. There are significant negative correlations between attachments and social interest. 5. There are significant positive correlations between attachments and internet addiction. 6. There are significant negative correlations between social interest and internet addiction. 7. Anxious attachment to friend, sense of belonging, anxious attachment to father, can significantly predicate the internet addiction. According to the research findings, this study provides some suggestions to parents, counselors and further researches

碩士
國防大學政治作戰學院
心理碩士班
104
Recently internet is so popular and convenient that many internet users have internet addition. Research showed internet flow experience had a positive impact for internet addiction tendencies. The researcher proposed that if there were some external constraints such as parenting attitude in internet, it might reduce the draftees of Internet addiction tendencies, and thereby reducing the problems during service. Therefore, this study adopted questionnaire and convenient sample 482 draftees in the northern troops of as samples. The instruments were self compiled flow experience questionnaire, the revision of internet parenting style questionnaire and Chen’s Chinese Internet Addiction Scale. The conclusions were: 1. Internet flow experience had a positive impact in draftee’s internet addiction tendencies；2.The non-permissive in internet parenting style had a positive correlation with internet addiction tendencies of draftee；3.Non-permissive in internet parenting style had moderating effect between internet flow experience and internet addiction tendencies. The researcher also proposed some discussions and future research suggestions based on the research results aboved.

博士
國立高雄師範大學
教育學系
92
The main purposes of this study were to explore the relationship between Internet activity and Internet addiction among adolescent students. In this study, the researcher focused on the relationships among the following variables：adolescents’ background, personality traits, living adjustment, psychological needs, Internet activities, Internet addiction, positive and negative effect on adolescent for their Internet experience. The subjects included 1199 adolescent students, they were sampled from Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas. The research instruments, including Internet Usage Survey, Internet Addiction Scale, Internet Psychological Need Scale, Personality Traits Scale, Living Adjustment Scale, and Internet Effect Scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, MANOVA, canonical correlation, multiple regression analysis, cluster analysis and SEM. The main findings were as follows: 1. The students in higher education stage would spend more time on-line and get higher tendency of Internet addiction than the students in lower education stage. 2. The personality traits, living adjustment, psychological needs were significant different between high-risk internet addicts and general internet users. 3. High school students were more addicted to “on-line games” and “porno websites” than university students. 4. There was a tendency that the male students were easier to get internet addiction than the female students. 5. There was the strongest relation between on-line games and Internet Addiction Scale. 6. To satisfy the psychological needs was the strongest motive for Internet in adolescents 7. Internet addiction with positive and negative influences in the same time. Finally, based on the findings, some suggestions for parents, teachers and future study were presented.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
教育研究所
89
Internet Using Behaviors, Internet Addiction, and Related Factors among University Students in Taiwan Sen-chi Yu Abstract The purposes of the study were to explore the internet using behaviors, internet addiction and related factors among university students in Taiwan. The study examed the difference of addiction proneness and internet using behaviors of subjects; explored different addiction-pattern clusters; and found out discriminate factors related to personality traits, life events, psychological variables and internet addiction. Moreover, this study developed the structural equation model of personality traits, internet addiction, depression, and anxiety, which served the purpose of illustrating the linear structural relationships among the relevant variables. Subjects of 801 university students were evaluated by the instruments, including Internet Usage Survey, Internet Addiction Scale, Five Factor Model Personality Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Anxiety Scale. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square Test, Pearson Product-moment Correlation, Phi-coefficient, Crame''s Vc Coefficient, Canonical Correlation, Discriminate Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling. The main finding were as follows: 1.The subjects used internet average 164.0 minutes per day. The most popular internet using behaviors were WWW, BBS, E-mail, ICQ, and internet games. 2.There was significant addiction proneness among different grades, colleges, lodging conditions, and broad-band usages. 3.Internet addicted subjects spent more time on internet. Besides, they had poorer grades, smaller social network, and lager virtual social network. 4.Internet addicted subjects used significantly more time in WWW, Chat rooms, ICQ, BBS, internet games, and internet pornography. But there were no significant differences in FTP, on-line shopping, and on-line gambling. 5. Internet addicted subjects had higher scores of depression and anxiety than those of general users. 6. Concerning Five-Factor Model Personality Traits, internet addicted subjects had higher scores of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness; and lower scores of Conscientiousness as well; but no significant differences in Agreeableness. 7. Personality traits, depression, and anxiety could significantly distinguish internet addicted and non-addicted subjects. 8. According to Cluster Analysis, internet addicted subjects could divide to four clusters, including internet pornography and video game addiction proneness, on-line shopping addiction proneness, virtual friendship dependence addiction proneness, and compulsive information seeking addiction proneness. 9. There was significant correlation between internet addiction and internet using behaviors. 10. The theoretical model constructed in the study could explain the relationship among main variables tested by LISREL. Finally, some suggestions for teachers, schools, students and further study were made according to the findings. Key Words: Internet Addiction, Internet Applications, Personality Traits, Depression, Anxiety, Structural Equation Modeling.

碩士
大葉大學
教育專業發展研究所
103
The purpose of this study is to explore parenting styles, Internet using behaviors, and Internet addiction, and related factors among junior high school students in Taiwan. The study examines the difference of parenting styles, Internet using behaviors, and Internet addiction of subjects; analyzing background variables in the parenting styles, Internet using behaviors, and Internet addiction on the junior high school students. Moreover, this study develops test of background variables, parenting styles, Internet using behaviors, and Internet addiction on the prediction. This study, which is imposed by Father Styles Scale, Mother Styles Scale, Internet Using Behaviors Scale, and Internet Addiction Scale, adopts questionnaire survey on students in 15 classes (450 subjects) in Tatung Junior High School, Changhua County. Lastly, descriptive statistics, t-test analysis, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression are applied for analysis by means of SPSS12.0. Also, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the results by means of AMOS5.0. The finding shows that gender giver significant differences between Internet using behaviors and Internet addiction. There are significant differences between parenting styles and Internet addiction, which shows a significant correlation. There exists a predictable effect on information reading, in time spending on the Internet, and mother’s attitude in Internet addiction. The SEM model fits well and parenting styles of subjects have negative and divect effects on Internet addiction. However, Internet using behaviors have positive and divect effect on Internet addiction.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系碩士班
98
Go is an ancient game. As the Internet developed, it gives Go a new feature. This study focuses on the relationships among motivation, leisure benefits, and Internet addiction for Internet Go participants. In this study, convenience sampling was conducted with the online questionnaire to collect the data in Youthwant Questionnaire network (http://survey.youthwant.com.tw/). The main contents of the questionnaire include four parts, "Motivation", "Leisure benefits", "Internet Go addiction", and "Personal features". 397 useful questionnaires were collected from March 15, 2010 to April 17. This study used the SPSS for windows 12.0 statistical software to analysis questionnaire data. Statistical methods include reliability analysis, factor analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson''s correlation. The major findings of this study are as follows: The majority of the Internet Go participants are male, the ages are below 17 years old, the levels of education are academy and University, and the occupation are students. The majority of participants begin to learn Go in Go Classes, have 4~7 years’ Go qualifications, have below or inclusive of 3 years’ Internet Go qualifications. Most of the Internet Go ranks is degree 1 to degree 4. Most participants don’t pay for Internet Go, spent at most 4 hours on Internet Go every week, don’t spent any time in face-to-face Go every week, don’t participate in Go competition in the last 12 months. The highest motivation of Internet Go is convenience-leisure. The following motivations are education, self-affirmation, escapism, and social contact. The highest leisure benefits of Internet Go is education-psychological benefits. The following benefits are aesthetic benefits, social benefits, and relaxation benefits. Every dimensions of motivation and every dimensions of leisure benefits are positive correlated (r=.200**~.723**). Besides, the average motivation and the average leisure benefits are positive correlated (r=.808**). It shows that higher motivation, higher leisure benefits. The hightest Internet Go addition is core symptoms of Internet addiction, and core symptoms of Internet Go addiction and all motivations are positive correlated (r=.199**~.370**). Because core symptoms of Internet Go addiction mean the extent of fascination for Internet Go, it shows that higher motivation, higher the extent of fascination for Internet Go. On the other hand, related problems of Internet Go addiction is only positive correlated to escapism (r=.108*) and self-affirmation (r=.133**) motivation. Because related problems of Internet Go addiction mean the problems that Internet Go causes to participants’ life, it shows that higher the escapism and self-affirmation motivation, higher the life-related problems that Internet Go may cause.