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Rhoades, Emily B. "An examination of the adoption of the internet in agriculture magazines." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004567.
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McGinley, Susan. "Going the Distance: Real-time Internet Course from Arizona to Jordan." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295901.
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Freeborn, Jennifer. "Hedonic price analysis of the internet recreational equine market." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1129.
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Brown, P., and B. Russell. "How to Obtain Cotton Advisories from the Internet." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197069.
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Weekly advisories developed by the Arizona Cotton Advisory Program are now available from the Internet. Nineteen location-specific advisories are developed each Monday morning and then transferred to the Main AZMET Internet Web Page located at URL address http://ag.arizona.edu/azmet. To retrieve advisories from the Internet users must 1) log on to the Internet using the procedures required by your Internet service provider; 2) enter the URL for the Main AZMET Web Page; 3) move to the Cotton Advisory sub-page; and 4) select the advisory of interest. Advisories for the most recent week, this year to date, and all of 1998 are available at this Internet address.
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Brown, P., and B. Russell. "How to Obtain Cotton Advisories from the Internet." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197460.
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Weekly production advisories and weather updates are now available from the Internet. Nineteen location-specific advisories are developed each Monday morning and then transferred to the Main AZMET Internet Web Page located at URL address http://ag.arizona.edu/azmet. To retrieve advisories or updates from the Internet users must 1) log on to the Internet using the procedures required by your Internet service provider; 2) enter the URL for the Main AZMET Web Page; 3) move to the Cotton Advisory sub-page; and 4) select the advisory or update of interest. Advisories for the most recent week, this year to date, and all of 1999 are available at this Internet address.
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Chen, Yibo. "Routing algorithm dedicated to environmental data collection : precision agriculture." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22572/document.
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Les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fil (RCSF ou Wireless Sensor Network - WSN) sont l'une des technologies les plus importantes du 21ème siècle. La plupart des chercheurs et les analystes estiment que, dans un proche avenir, ces micro-capteurs seront intégrés partout dans l’environnement de notre vie quotidienne. Ces dernières années, l'Internet des Objets (Internet of Things - IoT) est également une des technologies émergentes qui se développe rapidement. Deux nouveaux standards permettent de déployer des réseaux sans fil de faible consommation énergétique connectés à internet : le protocole 6LowPAN (Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks) qui permet notamment d’apporter l’adressage IPv6 aux capteurs grâce à l’encapsulation et la compression des données et le protocole de routage RPL (IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy network) qui permet à l’information de circuler dans les WSN de proche en proche à un faible coût énergétique. Bien que le développement de ces techniques soit extrêmement rapide, plusieurs problèmes causés principalement par le manque de ressources des micro-capteurs (puissance limitée de traitement, problèmes de bande passante et de connexion des liens avec perte de données, problème de ressource énergétique limitée) demeurent et doivent être résolus, notamment pour les applications agro-environnementalesThe wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the most important technologies of the 21st century. Most researchers and technical analysts believe that in the near future, these micro-sensors will be integrated into the environment of our daily lives. In recent years, the IoT (Internet of Things) and WoT (Web of Things) technologies also have great forwarding. Especially, the IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) protocol has allowed the use of IPv6 protocol stack in the field of WSN, thanks to its encapsulation and compression mechanisms in IPv6 packet header. Moreover, the RPL (IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Network) provides such a powerful routing function that can be applied for a variety of application scenarios. These two key standards of IoT and WoT technologies for WSN can be used in an IPv6 stack, and they will successfully achieve the connection between Internet and micro-sensors. Thus, due to the availability of IPv6 address (128-bit), all the communicating objects, such as smart device, sensor, and actuator, can be connected to the Internet. That is the greatest advantage brought by the IoT. Although the progress of these techniques is extremely fast, several issues caused by resource constraints of micro-sensor (limited processing power, bandwidth and lossy connection link, and energy), such as QoS, energy efficient, robustness and lifetime of WSN, and the most important, the special requirement of agricultural applications. Notice that Precision Agriculture is are still very challenging and waiting to be solved. Essentially, these open questions would dabble in the aspects like telemedicine, remote home automation, industrial control etc. Thus, the results obtained in this work will have a significant impact on both economic and scientific. Economically, it can offer a solution for WSN to support sustainable development in the field of agriculture automation. While scientifically, we will contribute to the routing protocol standardization of wireless micro-sensors in the domain of environmental monitoring
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Uludag, Tuba. "LoRaWAN IoT Networks for Precision Agriculture Applications." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Precision Agriculture (PA) is an emerging technology which enables efficient irrigation by employing the Internet of Things (IoT). We split the thesis in two parts. The first part is estimation of humidity level via experimentation. We focus on measuring Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to obtain humidity level of the field. Thus, we aim at eliminating the humidity sensors which are very expensive and estimate soil moisture through the variation of RSSI values measured by wireless devices buried underground. In the second part of the thesis, we aim at building
an accurate and reliable irrigation system by the help of IoT technology via simulations. The advantage brought by our Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is twofold: it minimizes the amount of wasted water during irrigation in farming, and it increases the yield with efficient irrigation. For these purposes, we tested the performance of LoRa protocol in different scenarios
in both parts of the thesis.
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CUNHA, Angélica Angélica Carvaho. "Sistema web responsivo para gestão do controle da produção de café." Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, 2016. http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/172.
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Angélica Carvalho Cunha Dissertação.pdf: 1798701 bytes, checksum: cbd5719edb73329b81ca6331087f0eae (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-14T19:38:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angélica Carvalho Cunha Dissertação.pdf: 1798701 bytes, checksum: cbd5719edb73329b81ca6331087f0eae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-12
The south region of Minas Gerais stands out nationally for its coffee culture, where most of its producers have family farming characteristics, thus having certain technological need. Considering these aspects, many producers do not have software to carry out the management control of their productions. Information systems have greatly added in various industries, and it would be no different in agribusiness. Thus, it is essential that the lagged technologically farmers can have access to the tools to become more competitive enterprise. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop web system that aims to coffee production management. Such a system was developed from interviews with coffee farmers in the southern region of Minas Gerais, where ascertained how it is necessary to online systems that auxiliary in the management of properties. To develop the system used the PHP web programming language, JavaScript and MySQL database. It should be noted that the system has the responsive feature, adapting well in different sizes and shapes of devices. The system was developed by the importance of having a friendly interface and easy to use.
A região Sul de Minas Gerais destaca-se nacionalmente pelo seu cultivo de café, onde a maioria de seus produtores têm características de agricultura familiar, desta forma tendo certa carência tecnológica. Diante destes aspectos, muitos produtores não possuem softwares que realizem o controle de gestão de suas produções. Os sistemas de informação muito têm acrescentado em diversos setores, e não seria diferente no agronegócio. Sendo assim, torna-se imprescindível que os produtores rurais defasados tecnologicamente possam ter acesso às ferramentas que permitam tornar o empreendimento mais competitivo. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver sistema web que tem como finalidade a gestão da produção de café. Tal sistema foi desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas realizadas com produtores de café da região Sul de Minas Gerais, em que averiguaram o quão se faz necessário sistemas online que os auxiliassem na gestão das propriedades. Para desenvolvimento deste utilizou-se a linguagem de programação web PHP, JavaScript e banco de dados MySQL. Deve-se ressaltar que o sistema apresenta a característica responsiva, adaptando assim a diversos tamanhos e formatos de dispositivos. Desenvolveu-se o sistema mediante a importância de se ter uma interface amigável e de fácil utilização. Utilizou-se a modalidade web e com a característica responsiva tendo em mente que o produtor rural pode fazer o controle de sua produção em sua propriedade rural e também de outros locais, bastando ter acesso à Internet e estar em posse de um dispositivo de sua preferência.
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Chappell, Glenn Franklin II. "Barriers to Internet-Based Learning Systems in a Select Virginia Agricultural Population." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/25974.
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The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers Virginia agricultural producers encounter when using the Internet and their preferences when seeking information delivered via the Internet. The results are expected to provide Extension educators needed information about producer Internet use patterns and their preferences related to Internet-based learning systems.
The survey population (N = 370) consisted of Virginia agricultural producers currently known to be using the Internet as identified by the county Agricultural Extension agents. Data were collected online via an interactive, encrypted Web site and analyzed with SAS/STAT software.
The 186 usable producer responses indicated that they were predominately white (98.36%), males (82.87%) averaging 51 years of age with some college education. Their primary occupation was farm or ranch work (41.71%) with a gross value of agricultural sales of $100,000 - $249,999. Nearly 60% conducted Internet agricultural marketing activities; three quarters purchased agricultural supplies, 43.17% conduct non-agricultural Internet business, and 50% use dialup services to access the Internet. In total, 95.68% of the responding producers access the Internet at least once a week and 31.60% reported previous participation in Internet-based learning.
Producers below 30 years of age considered their lack of experience/training to be less of a barrier than older producers. Time constraints associated with job responsibilities, isolation from other program participants, and their ability to learn at a distance were seen as greater barriers by males than females. Producers listing their primary occupation as other than farming saw time constraints associated with their job as a greater barrier than those retired but still farming. Producers with a high school education generally rated barriers associated with Internet-based learning as greater obstacles than those with advanced degrees. Following an exposure to an Internet-based learning experience, no differences were observed related to the producersâ age, gender, primary occupation, and the operationâ s gross value of agricultural sales and the selected factors.
Producers making agricultural Internet purchases, perceived their motivation to participate in Internet-base learning as less of a barrier than those that did not. Generally, as the producersâ Internet use frequency increased, their perception of the barriers was reduced and those with previous Internet-based learning experience saw their ability to learn at a distance as less of a barrier than did those with no experience.
A comparison of pre- and post-exposure data, revealed time constrains associated with job responsibilities, access to instructors/specialists, feedback/instructor contact, and the motivation to participate as the greatest barriers to Internet-base learning. Differences in pre- and post-exposure assessments confirm that producersâ perception of the barriers were worse than actuality.
Extensionâ s Internet-based learning experiences should be accessible from a familiar Internet location. The learnersâ abilities and connectivity should be considered when developing systems to minimize barriers associated with these factors. Internet-based activities should be relevant to the learner. Experiences should be available in multiple formats including video, audio, print and combinations of the aforementioned. Learners should be afforded the opportunity to interact with the presenter/instructor via the most acceptable and timely means.Ph. D.
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Kintoki, Alain Nzuzi. "The e-agriculture research landscape in South Africa : a systematic literature review." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2586.
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Thesis (MTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The objective of this study was to determine the current status of e-agriculture research in the South African context. A systematic literature review was used to gather and analyse data in alignment with the objective of the study. The researcher used keywords and combined search keywords on web search engines and digital databases to obtain pertinent research papers. The scope of the study was limited to the period 2000-2016. The books, theses, conference papers and journal articles identified as pertinent to conduct the study, amounted to 114 in number. The analysis of the study described the focus of research papers, research methods, research approaches, theoretical lenses, units of analysis and observation, levels of analysis, historical development, and major concepts and disciplines used by authors in their studies. The study also sought to discover the year of publication and assessment of searchability of the papers. The results indicate that 13 papers (11.4%) were published in the first five years (2000- 2004) and 51 papers (44.7%) in the last five years (2012-2016) of the delimited period for the study. The results of the study further indicate that the application of geographic information systems (GISs) towards improving agriculture was the most prominent eagriculture research area in South Africa (27 papers, 23.6%), followed by the use of satellite enhancing agriculture (26 papers, 22.8%). E-government direct services, mobile in agriculture, and agricultural information systems were the least prominent e-agriculture research areas in South Africa with a contribution of two papers (1.8%) each. The results of this study show that information mapping was the most used research method by researchers in their studies (57 papers, 50%), followed by the case study method with 31 papers (27.1%). The results further denote that the least used research method was industry reports with no mention of it in any of the pertinent papers, followed by grounded theory with two papers (1.7%). Interpretivism was the most used research approach by researchers (six papers, 5.2%) during the period 2000-2016. The findings of this study clearly show that researchers still need to address certain issues or problems regarding e-agriculture in South Africa in order to improve the agricultural sector. The contribution of the study is to understand the importance of enhancing research capability and socio-economic transformation of farmworkers and farmers through enhanced communication of agriculture research knowledge in the area of agricultural informatics. A foundation for further studies was created for continuous e-agriculture research in South Africa.
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Nguyen, Quang-Duy. "Interoperability and Upgradability Improvement for Context-Aware Systems in Agriculture 4.0." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC017.
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La prochaine évolution de l’agriculture est l’Agriculture 4.0. Dans ce domaine, les nouvelles technologies de l’Internet des Objets (IdO) et les systèmes contextuels sont utilisés pour améliorer les performances des activités agricoles. Un système contextuel est un système capable de réagir automatiquement et adéquatement en fonction du contexte. Le fait d’utiliser un tel système permet non seulement de réduire la charge de travail des agriculteurs, mais aussi d’améliorer la précision des activités agricoles. Cependant, leur emploi dans le monde rencontre deux obstacles spécifiques. Le premier obstacle est le besoin de mettre régulièrement à jour le système contextuel sans changer sa fonctionnalité. Ce besoin s’appuie sur le fait que l’agriculture est une activité saisonnière, avec un lieu de travail externe, ce qui implique plusieurs facteurs imprévisibles qui influent sur les aspects logiciels et matériels du système. Le deuxième obstacle est l’hétérogénéité de données générées à partir du système contextuel. Dans le domaine agricole, on trouve des capteurs variés observant des phénomènes variés et produisant des données également variées. Représenter ces données est un fait nécessaire pour l’interopérabilité des dispositifs à l’intérieur un système contextuel, ou pour l’interopérabilité de plusieurs systèmes contextuels différents à l’intérieur l’écosystème de l’IdO. Cette thèse propose trois contributions. La première est une architecture s’appuyant sur le principe de microservice. Cette architecture est une pile de services pour les systèmes contextuels, qui permet aux développeurs d’un système de se focaliser sur les objectifs des services plutôt que leurs aspects logiciels et matériels. La deuxième contribution est une ontologie, intitulé CASO, dédiée aux systèmes contextuels. Cette ontologie fournit un vocabulaire pour modéliser les données générées par le système contextuel. De plus, elle inclut un mécanisme pour créer des règles de raisonnement. La troisième contribution est un système d’aide à la décision (SAD) pour l’irrigation automatique, développé à partir d’IRRINOV® , une méthode d’irrigation manuelle. Il fait partie d’un système contextuel dédié à l’irrigation de l’équipe TSCF d’INRAE. Ce SAD est basé sur la pile de services pour les systèmes contextuels,et utilise l’ontologie IRRIG, une spécialisation de CASO dédiée à l’irrigation. Les trois contributions vont être appliquées dans un système contextuel d’irrigation déployé dans l’AgroTechnoPôle, situé à Montoldre, en FranceThe next evolution of agriculture is Agriculture 4.0. Agriculture 4.0 is about using technologies ofthe Internet of Things (IoT) and Context-Aware Systems (CASs) to increase the performance offarming activities. A CAS can react automatically and adequately to the environment based onits context. Applying CASs in agriculture can reduce farm labor and increase the precision offarming activities. However, it encounters two challenges specific to agriculture. The firstchallenge relies on the need to upgrade a CAS regularly with new computing devices orsoftware programs without changing its functionality. Indeed, natural factors, such as violentweather and wild animals, can damage the computing devices located on farmland. Moreover,after each farming season, farmers may need to upgrade their system with new computingdevices and software programs. The second challenge is the data heterogeneity generated froma CAS. In agriculture, various phenomena involve the need to have different sensor devices thatmake numerous types of measurements and produce heterogeneous data. Representing all ofthese heterogeneous data is necessary for the interoperability of different computing devices ina CAS or the interoperability between different CASs in the IoT ecosystem. This thesis proposesthree contributions. The first contribution addresses the first challenge. It is a new architecturebased on the microservice mindset that allows system developers to focus on the services’goals rather than the computing devices and software programs of a CAS. This newarchitecture is called the stack of services for CASs. The second contribution addresses thesecond challenge. It is a new ontology for CASs named CASO. The ontology provides avocabulary to model heterogeneous data generated from CASs and embodies a mechanism tomake rules for reasoning. The third contribution is to build a decision support system (DSS) forthe irrigation CAS in the research unit TSCF, INRAE. The design of the DSS relies on the stackof services for CASs. Moreover, the DSS uses a new ontology called IRRIG, a specialization ofCASO for irrigation. The DSS is an automation version of the manual irrigation methodIRRINOV®. All the guidelines for farmers in IRRINOV® are transformed into rules for reasoning.The contributions of this thesis are going to be applied to build a smart irrigation CAS deployedin AgroTechnoPôle, located in Montoldre, France
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Starasts, Ann Maree Taylor. "Battling the knowledge factor : a study of farmers" use of the internet to support information seeking, learning and knowledge processes in Queensland /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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Torres, Andrei Bosco Bezerra. "Fusão de dados multinível para sistemas de internet das coisas em agricultura inteligente." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/25592.
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TORRES, A. B. B. Fusão de dados multinível para sistemas de internet das coisas em agricultura inteligente. 2017. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.Submitted by Renato Vasconcelos (ppgeti@ufc.br) on 2017-09-09T02:35:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_abbtorres.pdf: 4603894 bytes, checksum: 67f76d807aebb885f45a8f8bfd33f83a (MD5)
Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Andrei, Existe uma orientação para que normalizemos as dissertações e teses da UFC, em suas paginas pré-textuais e lista de referencias, pelas regras da ABNT. Por esse motivo, sugerimos consultar o modelo de template, para ajudá-lo nesta tarefa, disponível em: http://www.biblioteca.ufc.br/educacao-de-usuarios/templates/ Vamos agora as correções sempre de acordo com o template: 1. A ordem da hierarquia institucional é nome da instituição, nome do CENTRO, nome do DEPARTAMENTO e nome do PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO (sem siglas). 2. A pesar de não ser obrigatório, sugerimos colocar data da defesa na folha de aprovação. 3. Na lista de referencias os subtítulos não ficam em negrito. Quando as correções forem feitas enviaremos o nada consta por e-mail. Att. Marlene Rocha mmarlene2ufc.br on 2017-09-11T14:03:36Z (GMT)
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Rejected by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br), reason: Prezado Andrei, Falta ainda corrigir a ordem da hierarquia institucional que deve ser assim : UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ, CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA, DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA DE TELEINFORMÁTICA, PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA DE TELEINFORMÁTICA. Não precisa colocar que é mestrado acadêmico na capa. on 2017-09-11T17:14:05Z (GMT)
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The usage of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to detect and monitor phenomena isn’t a new concept, with studies dating back to 1980, but it has gained momentum with the expansion of Internet of Things (IoT), which aims to enable day to day objects to sense, identify and analyze our world. For IoT to be viable, it is necessary for the objects/sensors to be low-cost, and that implies a series of limitations: low battery, low processing and storage capabilities, low accuracy, etc. In this context, data fusion techniques can be used to mitigate some of these limitations and make the adoption of low-cost sensors viable. This dissertation proposes a data fusion architecture for IoT, improving sensor accuracy, detecting events/anomalies (such as sensor failure) and enabling automated decision making. As a case study, experimental cultures of precocious dwarf cashew and coconut trees were monitored.
A utilização de Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) para detecção de fenômenos e monitoramento de ambientes não é um conceito novo, com estudos iniciados na década de 1980, mas ele tem ganhado força pela expansão da Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT), que trata de capacitar os objetos ao nosso redor de sensoriar, identificar e analisar o mundo. Para tornar a IoT viável em larga escala, é necessário que os objetos/sensores sejam de baixo custo, e isso implica uma série de limitações: bateria limitada, baixa capacidade processamento e armazenamento, baixa acurácia, dentre outros. Nesse contexto, técnicas de fusão de dados podem ser utilizadas para mitigar algumas das limitações citadas e viabilizar a adoção de sensores de baixo custo. A proposta desta dissertação é uma arquitetura de fusão de dados multinível para IoT para melhorar a acurácia dos sensores, detectar eventos/anomalias (como a falha de sensores) e possibilitar tomadas de decisões automatizadas. Como estudo de caso, foram realizados experimentos em conjunto com a Embrapa em um projeto de pesquisa de Agricultura de Precisão no monitoramento de cultivos experimentais de coco e de caju anão-precoce.
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Iraba, Marie Louise. "Inexpensive mobile technologies to empower rural farmers with m-agriculture." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9526_1370595447.
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Market information and established communication between seller and buyer play an important role in business activities. This thesis investigates the Transkei area in the Eastern Cape
Province, South Africa to find out how to empower rural farmers by providing them with less-expensive mobile technology enabling them to post and advertise their produce, access market
information on a common database, and find and communicate with potential customers. The farmers&rsquo
requirements were identified using quantitative and qualitative methods and a prototype
consisting of USSD and web applications was developed. It allows the farmer to follow a sequence of menu commands to send a request to the database and access market information, such
as commodity prices, and post information about their own produce so as to attract more customers. The low cost of USSD and the ubiquity of mobile phones enable the system to be usable, affordable and effective. During the final stage of development, the system was tested successfully and addressed a major problem faced by farmers, i.e. lack of access to market information.
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Jonarv, Hultgren Susanne, and Philip Tennevall. "Saving resources through smart farming : An IoT experiment study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-17968.
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Context: Smart farming, agritech, is growing in popularity and is starting to develop rapidly with some already existing technology that is implemented in agriculture for both industrial and private use. Objectives: The goal of this thesis is to investigate the benefits and issues with implementing technology in agriculture, agritech. In this thesis the investigation and research is performed by conduction a literature study and an experiment. Realization: A prototype was created to monitor the soil moisture level and calculating the average soil moisture value, then water the plants when needed. This was then compared to a manually watered pot to investigate if agritech could reduce the water usage when maintaining plants. Results: The result of the experiment indicates that it is possible to improve the use of resources such as human labor, time spent on maintaining the plants and water usage. Conclusions: The conclusion of this thesis is with the help of agritech, human workers can spend more time on other tasks and maintain the technology implemented. Instead of observing the plants to see if they need watering and watering them manually. Water usage may also be minimized with the help of sensors that make sure the plants only get watered when needed by constantly checking the soil moisture level.
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Shaif, Ayad. "Predictive Maintenance in Smart Agriculture Using Machine Learning : A Novel Algorithm for Drift Fault Detection in Hydroponic Sensors." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42270.
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The success of Internet of Things solutions allowed the establishment of new applications such as smart hydroponic agriculture. One typical problem in such an application is the rapid degradation of the deployed sensors. Traditionally, this problem is resolved by frequent manual maintenance, which is considered to be ineffective and may harm the crops in the long run. The main purpose of this thesis was to propose a machine learning approach for automating the detection of sensor fault drifts. In addition, the solution’s operability was investigated in a cloud computing environment in terms of the response time. This thesis proposes a detection algorithm that utilizes RNN in predicting sensor drifts from time-series data streams. The detection algorithm was later named; Predictive Sliding Detection Window (PSDW) and consisted of both forecasting and classification models. Three different RNN algorithms, i.e., LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and GRU, were designed to predict sensor drifts using forecasting and classification techniques. The algorithms were compared against each other in terms of relevant accuracy metrics for forecasting and classification. The operability of the solution was investigated by developing a web server that hosted the PSDW algorithm on an AWS computing instance. The resulting forecasting and classification algorithms were able to make reasonably accurate predictions for this particular scenario. More specifically, the forecasting algorithms acquired relatively low RMSE values as ~0.6, while the classification algorithms obtained an average F1-score and accuracy of ~80% but with a high standard deviation. However, the response time was ~5700% slower during the simulation of the HTTP requests. The obtained results suggest the need for future investigations to improve the accuracy of the models and experiment with other computing paradigms for more reliable deployments.
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Barros, Marcelo Freire de. "Seletor adaptativo de tecnologia de comunicação para nós multitecnológicos em aplicações agrícolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-14122016-084744/.
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Os processos de produção e distribuição agrícolas fazem uso de diversas tecnologias usadas para coleta de dados e gerenciamento de recursos e atividades, dentre as quais as Redes de Sensores Sem Fio, Identificação por Radiofrequência e o Wi-Fi. Devido a falhas na infraestrutura e variações ambientais, essas tecnologias possuem diversas limitações, como por exemplo, o atraso com que os dados chegam aos sistemas de gerenciamento, comprometendo a eficiência do processo. Uma solução com nós multitecnológicos, baseada nos princípios da Internet das Coisas, poderia oferecer dados de todo o processo produtivo e de distribuição, em tempo real; mas, para que esta solução seja realmente eficiente, necessita de um seletor adaptativo de tecnologias de comunicação para os \"objetos\" de campo que se adapte ao ambiente em tempo de execução. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor e avaliar a funcionalidade de um seletor adaptativo para esse fim. Para a proposição do seletor, buscou-se embasamento em técnicas adaptativas que oferecessem solução adequada para processos de aprendizagem pelo seletor. Dentre essas técnicas, elegeram-se as Árvores de Decisão Adaptativas para implementar a operação do seletor. A funcionalidade do seletor foi avaliada por simulações, tanto quanto ao aspecto de seleção da opção tecnológica mais adequada para o momento e a situação em questão, quanto à facilidade de se adaptar a mudanças de cenário. Os resultados das avaliações mostram que a simulação inicial, feita a partir de um cenário correspondente à fase inicial de uma cultura de milho não apresenta resultados satisfatórios. Entretanto, após alguns ciclos de aprendizagem do seletor, os resultados evoluem e superaram as exigências de qualidade propostas. Em uma segunda fase, novas simulações foram realizadas, alterando-se o cenário inicial para que, aos poucos, correspondesse à fase de colheita do milho. Nestas simulações, o processo de aprendizagem continuou ocorrendo sempre que as exigências de qualidade deixaram de ser satisfeitas, até que alcançassem a qualidade de comunicação exigida. Estes resultados permitiram concluir pela validade do seletor proposto.Agricultural production and distribution processes employ different technologies. They are used for data collection and management of resources and activities, among which Wireless Sensor Networks, Radiofrequency Identification and WiFi. These technologies have several limitations due to flaws in infrastructure and environmental variability. For example, data arrive at management systems late, compromising process efficiency. Multi-technology nodes can be a solution to obtain real-time data from the production and distribution processes, particularly if Internet of Things principles are present. Yet, for this solution to be efficient, a communication technology selector for field \"objects\" must be necessary, which must adapt to the environment in run time. Therefore, the goal is to propose and to assess this Selector functionality. This proposition was based on adaptive techniques, which offered an appropriate solution for learning processes by the selector, such as the Adaptive Decision Tree. The selector uses an Adaptive Decision Tree to select the communication technology. The selector functionalities, such as the appropriate technology selection for the moment and how they adapt changes in scenario, were evaluated by the simulation method. Evaluation results show that simulations made from a scenario corresponding to the initial phase of a corn crop did not show satisfactory, but the results evolved and met the quality requirements after some learning cycles. In a second step, new simulations were conducted, changing the scenario slowly to the harvest phase. The learning process continued to occur whenever the quality requirements were no longer met. These results showed the validity of the proposed selector.
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Denk, Ann. "Interest Rate and Commodity Price Impacts on Farm-Level Financials." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31149.
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The agriculture industry has been around for hundreds of years. Although farmers and ranchers work every day to put food on the tables of billions of people from all around the world, most agricultural producers require assistance to finance their operations and continue production. This research is motivated by recent changes in interest rates and the downturn in agricultural commodity prices. This study examines how farm-level financial statements are impacted by changes in interest rates and agricultural commodity market prices. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to model several stochastic variables and derive key financial calculations. This study shows how the financial statements of different agricultural operations change due to factors that are largely beyond the control of agricultural producers.
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Scott, Hannah Marie Stith. "Interest Groups and Contemporary Agricultural Policy: An Examination of Niche Theory." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439935627.
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Murungi, Kellen. "Interest Rate Ceilings and Agriculture Financing in Kenya." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33891.
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The agriculture sector in Kenya contributes about 34% of the GDP and is a major employer both formally and informally. The sector has historically experienced challenges in accessing commercial financing, with banks committing less than 5% of their portfolio to agriculture, which has limited the sector's growth. In August 2016, the Kenyan government introduced interest rate ceilings in a bid to reduce the cost of borrowing, thereby releasing more capital to all enterprises, including those in the agricultural sector. This study sought to examine the effect of these interest rate ceilings on the growth in lending to the agricultural sector in Kenya. The study estimated a panel multiple regression model for 26 commercial banks, spanning a 5-year period between 2014 and 2018. The analysis revealed that the amount of credit supply to the agricultural sector increased following the imposition of interest rate ceilings. The findings from the panel regression analysis confirmed that variations in the amount of loans to the agricultural sector were affected by the imposition of interest ceilings. The finding held after controlling for bank-specific characteristics, such as firm size, equity, asset quality, liquidity and interest spread, suggesting that interest rate ceilings, if prudently applied, could lead to increased access to credit for the agricultural sector. However, the subsequent reversal of the interest rate capping law demonstrated that this is a blunt tool for enabling access to credit not only because of its ineffectiveness but due to the fact that it is prone to politicisation. This study, therefore, recommends that the government creates a favourable policy environment that enhances competition and information sharing in the banking sector which will lead to lower costs of credit. If they are deemed necessary, interest rate caps should be selectively used to enhance lending only to sectors where there is sufficient empirical evidence of their effectiveness.
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Rech, Ilirio José. "Formação do valor justo dos ativos biológicos sem mercado ativo: uma análise baseada no valor presente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-19032012-185759/.
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Este estudo contribui para a área contábil ao contemplar a discussão científica e acadêmica quanto à mensuração dos ativos biológicos, analisando os principais elementos usados para estimar o valor justo com base nos conceitos de valor presente. Portanto, tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica da formação do valor justo dos ativos biológicos que não apresentam mercado ativo usando como base os fundamentos e técnicas de valor presente. Para alcançar o objetivo foi estabelecida como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos. Nesse sentido, foi realizado um estudo de caso em três grandes empresas do setor rural que exploram a produção de ativos biológicos, a fim de verificar como mensuram o valor justo dos ativos biológicos. Os principais elementos analisados foram as receitas, os custos de produção e as taxas de desconto usados no processo de mensuração. Os principais parâmetros estabelecidos com base nos conceitos teóricos e práticos foram: a) estimar a produção esperada com base na experiência passada da empresa, projetada para toda a fase produtiva do ativo que pretende explorar; em se tratando de ativos frutíferos, ou, estimar com base no ponto ótimo de colheita para os ativos que devem ser exauridos; b) calcular o preço de venda do produto usando o preço de mercado da data de elaboração das demonstrações financeiras; c) os custos diretos de produção como mão de obra e insumos devem ser inclusos como redutores da receita para a formação do fluxo de caixa com base nos preços de mercado da data da mensuração; d) os custos indiretos devem ser incluídos na mesma proporção e critério que os adotados para fins de tomada de decisões gerenciais. Neste quesito destacam-se alguns custos que, efetivamente, não devem ser incluídos na formação do fluxo de caixa, tais como: custos de remuneração do capital investido para a produção e os impostos sobre a renda desses ativos; e) sugere-se o uso de modelos de precificação de ativos como o CAPM e o SIM para se estimar as taxas de desconto, sendo que os melhores resultados nos ensaios realizados foram obtidos com o uso do modelo CAPM. No estudo de casos múltiplos constatou-se que as empresas estudadas não adotam os parâmetros recomendados. Foi, ainda, demonstrado que todas as emrpesas usaram a estimativa de produção com base nas expectativas próprias, porém foi diversa a forma de estabelecer o preço de venda para obter a receita bruta. Os parâmetros adotados para estimar a receita foram: a) a média de preços de mercado de um período anterior e b) os preços cotados no mercado de futuros. Na formação dos custos verificou-se que as empresas adotam as mesmas premissas de análise de investimentos e consideram como custo a remuneração do capital investido em terra, infraestrutura e o imposto de renda como dedução do fluxo de caixa futuro. Quanto às taxas de juros, verificou-se que as empresas adotam premissas baseadas no WACC ajustado pela estrutura de capital e taxas de desconto arbitrárias ou pelo menos sem explicação nos relatórios acessados.This study contributes to the accounting department to consider the scientific and academic discussion on the measurement of biological assets, analyzing the main elements used to estimate the fair value based on the concepts of present value. Therefore, aims to conduct a critical analysis of the formation of the fair value of biological assets that do not have an active market using as basis the fundamentals and present value techniques. To achieve the goal was established as the exploratory research methodology and research strategy as the study of multiple cases. In this sense was carried out an case study in three large companies in the rural sector to explore the production of biological assets, in order to verify how they measure the fair value of biological assets. The main elements were analyzed revenues, production costs and discount rates used in the measurement process. The main parameters established on the basis of theoretical and practical concepts were: a) estimating the expected production based on past experience of the company, designed for all the productive phase of the asset you want to explore, in the case of active fruitful, or estimate based on optimum harvest for assets that must be exhausted; b) calculate the selling price of the product using the market price of the date of preparation of financial statements; c) the direct costs of production as labor and supplies must be included as a reduction of revenue for the formation of the cash flow based on market prices of the measurement date; d) the indirect costs should be included in the same proportion and that the criteria adopted for purposes of managerial decision making. This item stand out some costs that effectively should not be included in the training of cash flows, such as costs of return on capital invested in production and taxes on incomes of those assets; e) suggests the use of asset pricing models such as CAPM and the SIM to estimate discount rates, and the best results were obtained in tests performed using the CAPM. In multiple case study it was found that the studied companies do not adopt the recommended parameters. It was also shown that all companies used to estimate production based on their own expectations, but it was a diverse way to establish the selling price to obtain the gross revenue. The formation of the cost was found that companies adopt the same assumptions of investment analysis and consider cost as the return on capital invested in land, infrastructure and income tax as a deduction from future cash flow. Regarding interest rates, it was found that companies adopt assumptions based on WACC adjusted for capital structure and arbitrary rates discounts or at least unexplained reports accessed.
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Yanti, Nuri Dewi. "Sustainability analysis of farming systems in tidal swamplands : a case study in South Kalimantan, Indonesia." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0218.
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[Truncated abstract] The initial success of the Green Revolution notwithstanding, the ability of our planet to produce sufficient food to support its growing population is causing growing concern. Indonesia, like many other countries, cannot produce sufficient rice to feed its people. This creates an imperative to import rice that Indonesia wishes to overcome. In addition, agricultural intensification has created ecological contamination from overuse and the mismanagement of chemical inputs. These problems threaten the sustainability of agricultural lands and Indonesia's ability to support national food selfsufficiency. The extension of agricultural lands is one alternative that has been implemented by the Indonesian government for more than two decades. Families from the crowded islands of Java and Bali have been translocated to the outer islands of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. In South Kalimantan, the tidal swampland areas are one of the resettlement destinations; which are usually reclaimed for the purpose of increasing rice production. However, the difference between the natural characteristics, socialeconomics, language, and culture in South Kalimantan, compared with the homelands of the transmigrant farmers, has the potential to adversely affect the farming activities of both the transmigrant and the local indigenous farmers. This in turn might affect the sustainability of the tidal wetlands for agricultural production. It may also damage the ecological integrity of the coastal environment ... The research findings indicate that farming practices by the groups differed significantly. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the cultivation of traditional rice varieties and the HYV. Farming practices performed by the indigenous local farmers, who have lived in the swamplands for centuries, were more ecologically sustainable than those of their transmigrant counterparts in both of the tidal swamplands being assessed. Likewise, traditional (indigenous) rice variety cultivation appears to be more sustainable than the HYVs. Among the socio-economic and agronomic influences of the farming practices selected for statistical analysis, only the non-formal education variable had a significant impact on the sustainability index. Tidal swampland Type B has lower yields than Type A, but in both swampland types, indigenous farmers produce higher yields than the transmigrant farmers, while the HYV has a higher yield over the traditional one. Indigenous farmers received higher financial returns per ha compared to the transmigrant returns in tidal swampland Type A and Type B. The higher yields produced by the HYVs are not accompanied by a higher financial return per ha compared to the traditional variety. The conclusions of this research are that not only are indigenous farming practices more sustainable but that indigenous farmers achieve a higher overall output and higher returns per ha from their farming activities. Future research should be formulated to further investigate the implications for both increasing rice production and sustainability by extending the use of indigenous farming systems. The sustainability index developed in this research should be investigated for adaptation in other areas of Indonesia and possibly by other farming areas internationally.
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Landel, Pauline. "Participation et verrouillage technologique dans la transition écologique en agriculture. Le cas de l'Agriculture de Conservation en France et au Brésil." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0022/document.
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Les modèles techniques agricoles fondés sur l’utilisation de produits phytopharmaceutiques (pesticides) ont des impacts environnementaux et sanitaires face auxquels les pouvoirs publics affichent la volonté d’une « transition écologique ». Dans ce contexte, on s’interroge de plus en plus sur la notion de verrouillage technologique pour comprendre la persistance de ces modèles et les obstacles au développement d’alternatives techniques moins consommatrices de ces produits (Cowan, Gunby, 1996 ; Vanloqueren, Baret, 2008). Les analyses mettent en avant l’importance des dimensions cognitives pour expliquer les situations de verrouillage (influence des cadres cognitifs et normes pour l’action, dispositifs matériels d’accès aux connaissances techniques – Stassart, Jamar, 2009 ; Labarthe, 2010). Parallèlement, la « participation » est souvent invoquée comme un moyen d’améliorer la mobilisation des connaissances dans les situations de choix technologiques (Barber, 1984 ; Callon et al., 2001…).L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre à l’épreuve cette conviction sur la participation, à partir de l’étude du cas de l’agriculture de conservation (AC) en France et au Brésil. L’AC est un modèle technologique innovant qui émerge comme « candidat » à l’agriculture durable dans le débat public, en dépit de la dépendance de certaines techniques à l’utilisation d’herbicides.Pour comprendre les effets de la participation sur la capacité des acteurs à accéder aux connaissances et à faire des choix technologiques, la thèse analyse la façon dont l’idée de participation se décline concrètement dans le régime d’accès aux connaissances en agriculture. L’évolution de la politique agricole en France et le passage d’un référentiel « modernisateur » à un « référentiel de marché » (Muller, 2000) a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, mais peu souvent menées depuis le point de vue des connaissances. Or, de profonds changements sont en cours, suite au tournant libéral des années 1990 et à la transformation du rôle de l’Etat vers la mise en œuvre d’une régulation par l’information (Majone, 1996). L’analyse de ces transformations en France révèle que l’Etat ne s’est pas doté des dispositifs institutionnels et matériels adéquats pour assurer cette fonction de régulation dans le domaine de l’agriculture et de l’utilisation des pesticides. Dans ce contexte, la participation est invoquée pour organiser de grandes consultations nationales (Grenelle de l’Environnement) visant à produire du consensus sur des sujets controversés, tandis que les moyens matériels d’accès à des connaissances adéquates pour évaluer et débattre des options technologiques font défaut dans les services de l’Etat et auprès d’autres acteurs du débat public. adéquats La participation est aussi utilisée pour renvoyer l’innovation à des dispositifs locaux « en partenariat » ou « en réseaux » associant public et privé (et notamment les firmes d’amont fournisseuses de produits phytopharmaceutiques, porteuses de conflits d’intérêt), où les moyens mutualisés pour l’accès aux connaissances manquent. L’analyse des réseaux d’action publique impliqués dans le développement de l’AC confirme cette fragmentation croissante des conditions d’accès aux connaissances, entre accumulation des ressources cognitives par les firmes, et inégalités d’accès aux connaissances entre agriculteurs développant des alternatives. Dans ce contexte, la référence à « la participation » ne permet pas de compenser ces changements structurels à l’œuvre, et masque au contraire le retrait de l’Etat d’une politique volontariste en faveur de la réduction de pesticides et la perte d’un certain nombre de ses prérogatives liées aux connaissances. La dimension comparative avec le Brésil permet de confirmer l’existence de tels effets « pervers » en termes de dépolitisation des débats sur les évolutions du régime d’accès aux connaissancesIntensive use of pesticides in agriculture has environmental and sanitary impacts that led to the need for less harmful techniques. Policy makers are claiming for an “ecological transition” of the sector but they are facing technological lock-ins : pesticides-based solutions remain dominant because of institutional and cognitive factors that prevent the development of other alternatives (Cowan, Gunby, 1996; Vanloqueren, Baret, 2008…). In this context, the idea of enlarging the participation of new actors in technological decisions has gained success as it is supposed to enlarge the range of available evidence and lead to better and fairer technological choices (Barber, 1984; Callon et al., 2001; Elgert, 2010)This PhD research aims at questioning the idea of participation as a way to unlock technological lock-ins , using the case of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in France and Brazil, an innovation presented as based on participatory dynamics of R&D and a way to achieve sustainable agriculture, in spite of the dependence of some practices on an intensive use of herbicides. Data was collected from academic literature, documentary analysis, and semi directive or collective interviews with 51 actors both in France and Brazil. Results show the deep changes the regime of knowledge in agriculture has undergone in the last decades under the liberalization of the sector- and why referring to the idea of participation is unefficient to counterbalance these structural changes, or can even have perverse effects.Academic literature described the evolution of agricultural policies, at the international, European and French levels, analyzing the “environmental” turn of the 1980s and the “liberal” turn of the 1990s-2000s (Fouilleux, 2003; Muller, 2000; Trouvé, 2007). But few studies focused on the impacts these changes had on how decision makers and farmers have access to scientific and technical evidence to innovate and cope with new situations. This PhD research shows how the regime of knowledge in France evolved from the modernization period (1960s) - when access to reliable evidence was an issue of public concern and funding in the State administrations and extension services; to a turning point in the 2000s when the State progressively disengaged from the debate on the technological trajectory of the sector and private firms became more and more implicated. In the case of CA, the results of a policy networks analysis show the concentration of material resources to produce robust evidence (R&D, extension services, databases ) in the hands of private firms wishing to develop technological packages based on the use of pesticides. On the other hand, local farmers trying to reduce their consumption of pesticides lack resources to systematically evaluate the innovations they produce.In this context, the idea of participation refers to organizing big national consultations (as the Grenelle de l’Environnement) that rather aim at producing consensus than shedding light on existing controversies and alternatives. It is also used to discharge the responsibility for producing pesticide-less alternatives to different kinds of partnerships at a local level (sometimes associating private firms with commercial interests in selling pesticides).This research therefore shows that, besides other institutional and cognitive factors, the issue of accessing adequate evidence is of crucial importance to understand changes in policy making and the State and at the heart of great economic and socio-political conflicts. It also highlights the importance of taking into account structural determinants and evidence-related power games in order to evaluate the impacts of “participation” on improving technological choices
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Kovaleva, Nadejda V. "Restructuring of European Union agriculture : enforcement and recognition of environmental interest." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391081.
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Khater, Mohga Wagdy Yehia Mohamed. "Nanoparticle-based sensors for pathogen nucleic acid detection with interest for agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667373.
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La presente tesis describe el desarrollo de sensibles, bajo coste y portátiles métodos de sensado basados en nanomateriales aplicados en la detección de ADN de patógenos relacionados a plantas. El trabajo se presenta avances significativos en el campo de los biosensores para el diagnóstico de las enfermedades en las plantas. En el Capítulo I se da una visión general de las aplicaciones llevabas a cabo y mejoras aportadas por parte del uso de nanomateriales diferentes en el campo de los biosensores, y las nuevas aplicaciones en la detección de enfermedad de las plantas en lo punto de atención. En las secciones siguientes se presentan tres estrategias de sensado para la detección de secuencias de ADN específicas para el virus del cidro (citrus tristeza virus (CTV)), un virus modelo. Los sistemas están basados en las técnicas electroquímicas y ópticas.
El Capítulo III se presenta el uso de electrodos serigrafiados de carbono (SPCEs) como plataforma para hibridación y detección del ADN mediante impedancia. Esta plataforma se adaptó mediante la disposición de nanopartículas de oro (AuNPs), con el fin de obtener una estrategia más simple, sin marcas, menos costosa y más rápida.
Del mismo modo, en el Capítulo IV se centra en el desarrollo de nuevos métodos para la amplificación y la detección de ADN de CTV en SPCE modificados con AuNPs. Este biosensor opera en modo libre de marcas y con límite de detección (LOD) conseguido está en el rango de 1000 fg μL-1.
Finalmente, en el Capítulo V se presenta la tercera plataforma utilizada, que fue basada en papel y tiene el formato de un inmunoensayo de flujo lateral (LFIA, del inglés lateral flow immunoassays). En esta plataforma, las nanopartículas de oro se usan como marcas para obtener señal de color rojo, con el fin de realizar nuevas aplicaciones en diagnóstico de plantas, más rápido y simpleThis thesis aims at developing sensitive, affordable and portable biosensors based on nanomaterials for the determination of nucleic acid related to plant pathogens. The work strives to contribute to the keeping up in the advancements of biosensing systems relevant to plant infection diagnostics which would be an essential solution in the future to the issues of plant disease monitoring and food security. Following Chapter I, state-of-the-art on the latest trends in the development of advantageous biosensors based on both antibody and DNA receptors for early plant disease detection, as well as the use of different nanomaterials such as nanochannels and metallic nanoparticles for the development of innovative and sensitive biosensing systems for the detection of pathogens (i.e. bacteria and viruses) at the point-of-care is given. The next sections of this dissertation will describe three diagnostic biosensing strategies for the detection of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) related nucleic acid using electrical and optical transducing techniques. The electrical sensing of CTV through DNA hybridization based approach and the in situ amplified nucleic acid method will be achieved on carbon sensing substrate modified with gold nanoparticles, while paper-based sensors will be operated in lateral flow format for the gold nanoparticle-based optical detection of CTV. Furthermore, all aspects of the developed biosensing systems, from the bioassay and biosensor design to their development and optimization are presented in which will be organized in the following manner: Chapter III will present highly specific DNA hybridization sensor based on AuNP-modified SPCE employing label-free impedance for the detection of the CTV-related nucleic acid, together with dedicating emphasis to the study of electrodeposition time of AuNPs, whose precise particle size and shape will be required for the enhancement of DNA hybridization rate. A set of voltammetric studies of deposited AuNPs will be discussed. Particular attention will be paid for assembling the thiolated DNA probe as sensing layer for biosensor construction. The main sensor design aspects such as AuNPs size, probe DNA concentration and immobilization time together with DNA hybridization time will be optimized, in order to precisely select the best working conditions for this diagnostic platform. Chapter IV will cover the whole process undertaken for preparation of in situ nucleic acid amplification on gold nanoparticle-modified sensor for sensitive and quantitative detection of CTV. Plant disease (Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)) diagnostics was selected as relevant target for the demonstration of the proof-of-concept. This chapter will include two parts, the first one focuses on the design of RPA amplification assay, primers design, optimization of all essential bioassay aspects such as amplification temperature, volume and screening primers and finally the electrophoresis analysis for RPA products. The second part of this chapter will demonstrate label-free highly integrated in situ RPA amplification/detection approach at room temperature that takes advantage of the high sensitivity offered by gold nanoparticle-modified sensing substrates and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) detection. Chapter V focuses on the application of isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology in simple lateral flow platform. The preparation of AuNP-based LFA for the highly sensitive direct detection of RPA amplified nucleic acid, the assembling of lateral flow step, the conjugation of AuNPs to the antibodies used for colorimetric detection, as well as the optimization of all working conditions and finally the analytical performance of the bioassay in LF will be explored. Moreover, aiming at truly achieving the point of care requirements of simple and affordable diagnostic technologies, the work here will present the possibility of amplifying nucleic acid without heat source and visual color detection. This approach would be of great potential as point of care diagnostics.
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Noble, Elisa Lynn. "Sources of information utilized by California agricultural interest groups." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4257.
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Existing interest group theory describes legislative decision-making as a communication process whereby interest groups research information on issues, combine this information with constituent opinions, and present the resulting information to legislators. Legislators then use this information in developing legislation. The original source of information used by lobbyists greatly impacts the interest groupâÂÂs ability to effectively represent its policy objectives in the decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate sources of information utilized by selected California agricultural interest groups. This study determined common sources used among selected California agricultural interest groups, how and why groups choose their sources, the role of trust in information source selection, and what purposes interest groups have for using the information. Data from this study suggest lobbyists of California agricultural interest groups are primarily researching for lobbying purposes. Lobbyists acknowledged the importance of research in their lobbying work. Specifically, two main themes developed from the intervieweesâ responses: 1) lobbyists gather the political and technical information needed to thoroughly understand an issue before lobbying on it, and 2) lobbyists find the appropriate information to support their organizationâÂÂs policy objectives. The purpose of their research and the type of information needed drive how lobbyists research an issue and what information sources they utilize. Lobbyists rely on their previous experiences to determine which sources will provide them with the necessary information. Data from this study suggest four main factors that impact which information sources lobbyists choose to utilize: 1) what information is needed, 2) who their contacts and personal relationships are with, 3) how much they trust potential sources, and 4) other characteristics of the sources such as accessibility, quality and accuracy, brevity and readability, experience of source, current information, scientifically-based, sincere, and/or a source that provides needed pictures or graphics.
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Zetterman, Björn-Erik Adrian. "Beekeepers usage of IoT : Data collection, sharing and visualization in the domain of beekeeping." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77814.
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This master thesis is exploring Beekeepers usage of Internet of Things, or “Internet of Bees”. Since most of the prior contributions are focusing on data gathering, the approach to focus on the users needs is central to take next steps in the field of using IoT for Beekeeping. After the introduction a chapter with an overview of current research and commercial solutions are presented. This is followed by a quantitative study with 222 responds, answering what beekeepers like to know about their bees, what platforms used by end users and what the beekeeper as a user expects. An demo of an existing commercial system is set up in real conditions, describing how to mount and configure a demo. Communication, synchronization and presentation is described. A closed user interface and a public user interface are a part of the demonstration. Potential users of this technique are interviewed to gain better understanding of users opinion of the demo. This is followed by another demo using a free of charge app where sound analysis processed with AI is tested. This thesis explains what beekeepers as users of Internet of Things could gain added value to their beekeeping.
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Franzke, Jochen. "Managing sectoral transition : the case of Slovak agricultural administration." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/594/.
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Agricultural policy in the transition states of Central Eastern Europe is a very complex issue
– ranging from privatisation of farm land, the establishment of agricultural markets to detailed
questions of veterinary care, plant health and animal nutrition. Its main elements are the introduction
of market liberalization, farm restructuring, privatisation, the reform of the sector and
the creation of supporting market institutions and services.1 In this process central state agriculture
administration plays a decisive role.This paper is summing up the research of the author on Slovak agricultural administration between 2002 and 2004. This work was part of a DFG-funded research project on “Genesis, Organization and Efficiency of the central-state Ministerial Administration in Central and Eastern Europe”. The project was analysing the processes, results and efficiency of administrative structures at central-state level in Estonia, Poland and Slovakia with reference to public administration in the policy fields of agriculture and telecommunications. The paper is reflecting the situation in the sector and its administration at the beginning of 2004.
At first, an overview of the role of the agricultural sector in Slovak economy in the past and presence is provided (section I). Against this background, the development of the agricultural policy in the different periods since 1989 will be analysed, mainly what privatisation, accession to the EU and subsidy policy are concerned (section II). A detailed study of the developments in agricultural administration forms the next part of the paper (section III), i.e. the changes taking place in the ministry of agriculture and in the other institutions responsible for the implementation of agricultural policy. The role of interest groups in agriculture is briefly analysed (section IV). In the conclusions two different scenarios on the further development of Slovak agricultural administration will be deployed.
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Ahnström, Johan. "Farmland biodiversity - in the hands and minds of farmers : effects of landscape structure, management and the farmer's interest in nature /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://epsilon.slu.se/200934.pdf.
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Handy, Lanae Cynthia. "Planting the seeds of biotechnology : interest group influence on USDA agricultural research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66746.
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Camargo, Wladimir Pena. "Desenvolvimento de um ambiente Web para a interação entre participantes de projetos de agricultura de precisão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-01072005-155828/.
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Agricultura de Precisão é um novo paradigma de gestão da produção agrícola, que considera as variabilidades da produtividade e dos fatores de produção. Nesse novo paradigma de produção os agrônomos especializados em Agricultura de Precisão utilizam softwares para o gerenciamento de dados e visualização de mapas que são gerados nas diversas fases do processo. Estes softwares são caros e complexos, o que dificulta para os usuários não especialistas o acesso aos mapas, ficando o seu uso restrito apenas ao usuário especializado. o objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um ambiente, com interface amigável e de baixo custo, que opere pela internet, permitindo aos usuários menos especializados a visualização dos mapas e a inserção de informações indexadas ao talhões de produção em uma base de dados remota. Foi desenvolvida uma solução de software utilizando componentes de software livre como servido web Apache, a linguagem interpretada PHP, o módulo do Apache Mapscript e o Banco de Dados MySQL. Para a interação dos usuários com a imagem dos mapas foi proposto e desenvolvido um algorítmo para a criação de pontos clicáveis que são gerados dinamicamente.Precision Agriculture is a new paradigm to manage yield variability and the agricultural inputs. The agricultural engineer specialized in Precision Farming uses softwares to manage data and to visualize maps that are made in the many steps of the process. These softwares are expensive and complex and, thus, dificult to those users who are not specialized in accessing the maps. The aim of this work is to develop a system, with a friendly-user and low cost interface, that operates through the internet, allowing unspecialized users to visualize thos maps and to insert field indexed information in a remote database. A software was developed using free components like Apache webserver, PHP script language, Mapscript Apache's module and the Mysql database. For user interaction with the map image, a algoritm to dinamicly create link poinst was proposed and developed.
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Karim-Sesay, Peter Abdul Ndoinje. "A vested interest approach to the understanding of agriculture and environmental attitudes in the state of Ohio." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101845103.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 117 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-106).
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Tsinisizelis, M. "The politics of the Common Agricultural Policy : A study of interest group politics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379144.
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Karim-Sesay, Peter Abdul. "A vested interest approach to the understanding of agriculture and environmental attitudes in the state of Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101845103.
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Conceição, Ariane Fernandes da. "QUEM ESTÁ ONLINE? - UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE O USO E APROPRIAÇÃO DA INTERNET POR AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES DE ESTRELA/RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8869.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Internet has emerged to overcome the place of the traditional formats of information industry and communication, leading to several changes in them and the world, allowing an exchange of real-time knowledge and the development of interest groups. Thus, the present study, we will discuss the changes occurring in rural areas, emphasizing the process called "rurbanization," primarily due to the advent of the internet in family farming, which now have access to benefits previously considered privilege only of the urban . Thus, the general objective of this study was to identify how is the use and appropriation of the Internet by rural farmers Estrela/RS. It also sought to determine whether, due to this fact, changes in daily life of farmers could be observed, as well as ascertaining the processes that characterize these changes and how they are produced. Faced with these questions, we tried to find answers to questions about the influence of the Internet in everyday family farmers Estrela/RS. The use and appropriation of the Internet by the farmers in rural Estrela/RS, changed the daily lives of residents of rural communities, since the internet has provided an expansion with respect to access to communication and to obtain information, allowing increased access of populations to different materials, such as information about new products, new crops and production techniques, providing farmers with improvements in their practices and an increase in production efficiency. Moreover, the Internet allows an exchange of real-time knowledge and the development of interest groups, through alliances that serve as a tool for building different types of knowledge, experience, skills and abilities that previously were not possible or facilitated. It is believed that the Internet not only end the isolation of the field but also can generate a major change in daily life and imagination of people living there.
A Internet surgiu para superar o lugar dos formatos tradicionais da indústria da informação e da comunicação, desencadeando diversas transformações neles e no mundo, permitindo uma troca de conhecimento em tempo real e o desenvolvimento de grupos de interesses. Sendo assim, na presente pesquisa, serão abordadas as transformações ocorridas no meio rural, ressaltando o processo chamado de rurbanização , principalmente em virtude do advento da internet na agricultura familiar, que passa a ter acesso a vantagens consideradas anteriormente privilégio somente do meio urbano. Para tanto, o objetivo geral desse estudo foi identificar como se dá o uso e a apropriação da internet por agricultores familiares do meio rural de Estrela/RS. Buscou-se também verificar se, devido a este fato, mudanças no cotidiano dos produtores rurais podiam ser observadas, assim como averiguar quais os processos que caracterizam essas mudanças e como são produzidos. Frente a essas questões, procurou-se encontrar resposta para o questionamento sobre qual a influência da internet no cotidiano dos agricultores familiares de Estrela/RS. O uso e a apropriação da internet por parte dos agricultores familiares no meio rural de Estrela/RS, modificou o cotidiano dos moradores das comunidades rurais, uma vez que a internet proporcionou uma ampliação no que diz respeito ao acesso à comunicação e à obtenção de informações, viabilizando um aumento do acesso das populações a diversos conteúdos, tais como informação sobre novos produtos, novas culturas e técnicas de produção, proporcionando aos agricultores melhorias nas suas práticas e um aumento na eficiência da produção. Além disso, a internet possibilita uma troca de conhecimento em tempo real e o desenvolvimento de grupos de interesses, através de alianças que servem como ferramenta para a construção de diferentes tipos de conhecimento, experiências, competências e habilidades que, antes, não seriam possíveis ou facilitadas. Acredita-se que a internet não só acabará com o isolamento do campo como também poderá gerar uma grande alteração no cotidiano e no imaginário das pessoas ali residentes.
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Halpin, Darren Richard. "Authenticity and the representative paradox : the political representation of Australian farmers through the NFF family of interest groups /." View thesis View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030527.163228/index.html.
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Berman, Hugo. "Les petits et les moyens agriculteurs de canne à sucre de Simoca (Tucuman, Argentine) : organisation interne et articulation." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030095.
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Les agriculteurs ont ete caracterises selon l'organisation de leurs exploitations et leur articulation dans un complexe agro-industriel sucrier. Apres une discussion theorique sur la paysannerie, on propose l'utilisation de categories originales adaptees a cette realite concrete. Pour arriver a notre objectif il a fallu une approche historique sur les origines de la culture de canne a sucre, les caracteristiques des agriculteurs et le role de l'etat en tant que protecteur et regulateur de l'activite. Cette evolution, a tucuman, se manifeste a travers une structure agraire caracterisee par la concentration subdivision extreme de la terre. La culture de canne a sucre presente ces memes caracteristiques et le marche du travail s'est adapte a son cycle de production. Le travail sur le terrain, a simoca, permet de constater qu'il n'echappe pas a ces caracteristiques, sauf qu'il s'agit d'une region marginale pour l'activite sucriere, ce qui signifie la deterioration du cadre de vie des petits agriculteurs. Enfin, on essaye un pronostic sur l'avenir des petits et des moyens agriculteurs face a la nouvelle politique de deregulation de l'economie, mise en place en 1991, apres plus d'un siecle de protection et de regulation de l'activite sucriere de la part de l'etatThe farmers have been characterized according to the organisation of their farms and fonctions inside a sugar agro-industrial complexe. After a theorie discusion about the peasantry, we propose the use of original categories adapted to this concrete reality. To abtain our objective it was necessary, to begin with, an historic approach over the origins of the sugar cane culture, the characteristics of farmers, and the role of states as guardian and regulator of this activity. This evolution, in tucuman, manifests itself through an agrarian structure characterized by the extreme concentration subdivision of land. The sugar cane culture presents these same characteristics and the labor market has adapted to its cycle of production. Field work of simoca constating that it does not escape from the characteristics above mentioned, except that it is a marginal region for the sugar cane activity wich in fact means the deteriorisatyion of the way of life of small farmers. Lastly, we try a pronostic about the small and middle farmers future vis-a-vis the new policy of economic deregulation, set in place in 1991, after more than a century of state's protection and regulation of the sugar cane activity
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Kirk, Colin McDonald. "Tobacco in Galewala : the social anthropology of an agricultural commodity in Central Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316339.
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Williams, Sarah J. (Sarah Jane). "The impact of interest subsidies on Canadian farmland values." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26182.
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The objective of this study was to determine what impact, if any, interest rate subsidies have on the price of farmland in Canada. The basic capitalization model is used as a starting point for the development of several models. These econometric models are then estimated, using data from four provinces: Quebec, New Brunswick, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The time period studied is 1972 to 1991. The findings indicate that interest subsidies do in fact affect land values, however the effect is relatively small. There are large differences between provinces in terms of subsidy amount and consequently in terms of the effect of the subsidy programs on the value of land in each province.
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Armstrong, Peggy Lynn. "Increasing Student Interest in Poultry Science Careers Through 4-H." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1528.
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The demand for poultry science graduates to fill available positions in the poultry industry continues to increase. At the same time, there are not enough graduates to fill the positions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of the poultry curriculum in the 4-H program and student recruitment through the 4-H program into the Poultry Science Department. The targeted populations were 4-H leaders who implement the poultry curriculum and university students who were currently studying poultry. Career development theories suggest that previous experiences during adolescence can be a major influence in future vocation choice. A mixed methods formative evaluation design was used to gather data from 4-H leaders and university students. Data were collected through Likert-type surveys from 79 of the 158 4-H leaders across the state who indicated that they implement the poultry curriculum. A purposeful sampling technique was used to select 13 university students who are majoring in poultry science for structured interviews. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the interview data were coded for emergent themes. Key findings from the survey indicated that 48% of the 4-H leaders considered their poultry curriculum training and implementation inadequate. The majority of university students chose to major in poultry science in response to prior experience. Positive social change for an increase of graduates in poultry science may be achieved through the professional development project career awareness training for 4-H leaders and the supportive follow-up training through the network of the professional learning community to improve student recruitment.
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Fatseas, Nicole. "The role of special interest groups in agricultural policy : a case study of the 1995 Farm Bill /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-063728/.
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Conceição, Ariane Fernandes da. "Internet pra quê? : a construção de capacidades e as TIC no processo de desenvolvimento rural." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150533.
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O presente estudo tem como tema o papel das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, especialmente a internet, no meio rural e sua influência nos processos de interação dos agricultores familiares com os mercados (Econômico), relações sociais (Comunicacional) e troca de informações (Cognitivo). Esse tema foi estudado através da análise dos processos que ocorrem com a utilização da internet, observando as relações sociais, pessoais, profissionais e/ou de poder. A utilização das tecnologias de informação e comunicação enquanto processo de construção de capacidades representa uma realidade no meio rural e pouco se conhece sobre o real papel desta nos processos que são realizados nas regiões de cultivo e trabalho com a terra. Desse modo, por meio de uma metodologia qualitativa, procurou-se analisar qual o papel da internet enquanto dispositivo de construção de capacidades econômicas, sociais e cognitivas no meio rural. A hipótese traçada para o presente estudo é que o uso da internet tanto por parte dos agricultores familiares, jovens, e até mesmo na gestão e comercialização dos produtos, modificam o cotidiano das comunidades rurais. Para realização da pesquisa foram selecionados agricultores familiares participantes do site de compras Plante pra mim, Associação Acolhida na Colônia, Rancho Eco Frutícola e Sítio Pedras Rolantes. As situações selecionadas para estudo apresentam, de certa maneira, semelhanças e diferenças, o sendo que o que é coincidente em tais casos é a existência do sinal de internet na propriedade, de modo que a utilização desse dispositivo funciona para aumentar a socialização pessoal, e também para possibilitar uma observação do relacionamento entre quem oferece o serviço e quem o consome, além de ampliar as chances de acesso a novos mercados e canais de comercialização A partir do entendimento da internet como dispositivo de construção de capacidades econômicas, analisou-sede que maneira as novas mídias comunicacionais têm influenciado para um avanço no poder aquisitivo dos envolvidos, através da produção e/ou serviços e para a própria família. Como dispositivo de construção de capacidades sociais, analisou-se de que forma a internet proporciona um aumento no leque de contatos. Enquanto dispositivo de construção de capacidades cognitivas, verificou-se as diversas formas de apropriação da tecnologia com fins educacionais ou aquisição de conhecimento. Através das realidades observadas durante a realização da pesquisa de campo, observou-se uma pluralidade e diversidade de papeis da internet, tornando-se importante enquanto dispositivo de construção de capacidades econômicas, sociais e cognitivas no meio rural. Sendo assim, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) possibilitam novas formas de trabalho e distribuição do serviço, a renda da propriedade aumenta visto que ela se torna mais conhecida seja através das redes sociais ou pelo site institucional. As TIC contribuíram para fortalecer os processos de socialização no meio rural e vem sendo lentamente aproveitadas para aumentar o conhecimento e, assim, potencializar o aprendizado no meio rural.This study has as its theme the role of information and communication technologies, especially the internet in rural areas and their influence on processes of interaction of farmers with markets (Economic), social relations and exchange of information (cognitive). This topic was studied by analyzing the processes that occur with the use of the internet, noting the social, personal, professional and / or power. The use of information and communication technologies as capacity building process is a reality in rural areas and little is known about the actual role of the processes that are carried out in the regions of cultivation and work with the land. Thus, through a qualitative methodology, we tried to analyze the role of the internet as a construction device of economic, social and cognitive skills in rural areas. The hypothesis drawn for this study is that the use of the Internet by both family farmers, youth, and even in the management and marketing of products, change the daily lives of rural communities. To conduct the survey participants were selected farmers of Plante shopping site for me, Acolhida Association in Cologne, Rancho Eco Frutícola and site Rolling Stones. The situations selected to study present, in a way, similarities and differences, and that which is coincident in such cases is the existence of the internet signal on the property, so that the use of this device works to increase personal socialization, and also to enable observation of the relationship between who provides the service and those who consume it, in addition to expanding the chances of access to new markets and marketing channels From the understanding of the internet as building economic capacity device, analyzed headquarters how the new communication media have influenced to an improvement in the purchasing power of those involved, through the production and / or services and their families. As social skills building device, it analyzed how the Internet provides an increase in the contact range. While device construction of cognitive abilities, there are various forms of technology ownership for educational purposes or knowledge acquisition. Through the realities observed during the course of field research, there is a plurality and diversity of the internet roles, making it important as a construction device of economic, social and cognitive skills in rural areas. Thus, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) enable new ways of working and distribution service owned by income increases as it becomes better known is through social networks or the corporate website. ICT contributed to strengthening the processes of socialization in rural areas and has been slowly harnessed to raise awareness and thus enhance learning in rural areas.
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Mwansa, Sosthenes. "Comparative investment analysis for small scale broiler and layer enterprises in Zambia." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15903.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Small scale broiler and layer production constitutes a significant part of the poultry industry in Zambia. However, the contribution of small scale enterprises to broiler production is more pronounced than layers with statistics showing 60 and 30 percent for broilers and layers, respectively. This study was carried out for the purpose of determining the economic profitability of both broiler and layer enterprises and also to evaluate their degree of attractiveness for investment. The thesis used the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return methods to determine the economic profitability for both broiler and layer enterprises. The data used in the analyses were obtained direct from the market and additional data were extracted from the Cost of Doing Business Manual 2012, a publication of the Zambian Development Agency. Additionally, the study used a capital investment of US $50,000 for each enterprise, 25 percent opportunity cost of capital and an economic life of five years. The data were used in estimating the enterprise budgets for both broiler and layer enterprises from which income statements were generated. The enterprise budget for broiler production estimated revenue from the sale of live broiler chickens at a wholesale price while the layer enterprise budget estimated its revenue from the sale of eggs and culled hens. The sale prices used were US $5 per broiler chicken, US $3.60 per tray of eggs and US $2 per culled hen as obtaining on the market at the time. In addition, production was estimated at 60,000 broilers and 30,000 trays of eggs from 3,000 layers annually. The cost of constructing brooder houses and purchase of production equipment were the major cost components for the two enterprise budget estimates. The estimates indicated that these two cost components amounted to US $27,090 and US $21,095 for boiler and layer enterprises respectively. The other cost component was production cost and it includes the cost of labor, feed, day old chicks, marketing, vaccines, transportation, electricity, debeakers, heaters, stationery, etc. The cost of feed constituted about 65 percent of total production cost for layer enterprises and about 60 percent for broiler enterprises. The total production cost as a percentage of revenue was estimated at 80 percent and 70 percent for broiler and layer enterprises, respectively. The analyses were completed under three alternative scenarios that included optimistic, expected and pessimistic scenarios. The analyses across all scenarios show that both broiler and layer enterprises are economically viable for investment though the broiler enterprise is more economically profitable than the layer enterprise. They both show positive NPVs and IRRs in excess of the 25 percent opportunity cost of capital used in the analysis. The analysis for broiler enterprise showed a NPV of US $178,242 for the optimistic scenario, US $122,742 for the expected scenario and US $30,550 for the pessimistic scenario. Results obtained from layer enterprise analysis showed NPVs of US $72,388, US $49,260 and US $11,186 for the optimistic, expected and pessimistic scenarios, respectively. Consistent with the decision rules of the NPV and IRR methods, both enterprises were found to be economically viable for investment. On a comparative basis though, the small scale broiler enterprise was found to be more attractive for investment than the small scale layer enterprise as indicated by the results of the NPVs and IRRs. The lucrative nature of the broiler enterprise and easy of management could be used as possible explanation to the current investment trends seen in the Zambian poultry industry.
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Brown, Arogeanae Ronterria Dinita. "Reframing AgriCULTURAL Experiences, Narratives, and Careers for African American Youth: A Study of Community-based Programs Leaders' Motivations and Educational Space." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84495.
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To uncover experiences specific to African Americans youth in agricultural and STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) career explorations and to understand why African Americans are missing from agriculture and STEM, a systematic literature review and empirical study were conducted. Literature covering the current and past African American perceptions of agriculture and STEM discipline, and narratives and experiences of African Americans in agriculture, were reviewed to explain their influences on African American youth perceptions and interest to pursue careers in agriculture and STEM. However, literature also explained the role of agricultural programs in STEM and agricultural literacy. In one paper, Social Cognitive Career Theory was used to frame the career interest development process of the individual learner to reference African American Youth. This review captured African American's negative connotations of agricultural and STEM despite the knowledge and work African Americans have contributed to Agriculture and STEM since the formation of America. In addition, to address how to deter the negative connotations youth have, an empirical study was performed interviewing eight program leaders of community-based organizations that are engaging African American youth in agricultural and STEM education. Program leaders described their motivations and purpose as an act of service to the youth and the community as a way to provide youth with opportunities or capital as described by Bourdieu.Master of Science in Life Sciences
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Carlin, Graham Richard. "The fabrication of biodegradable nanospheres from novel hydroxyalkanoates for the delivery of actives of pharmaceutical and agricultural interest." Thesis, Aston University, 2001. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11010/.
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This work describes the fabrication of nanospheres from a range of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates supplied by Monsanto, St Louis, Missouri, USA for the delivery of selected actives of both pharmaceutical and agricultural interest. Initial evaluation of established microsphere and nanosphere fabrication techniques resulted in the adoption and optimisation of a double sonication solvent evaporation method involving the synperonic surfactant F68. Nanospheres could be consistently generated with this method. Studies on the incorporation and release of the surrogate protein Bovine Serum Albumin V demonstrated that BSA could be loaded with between 10-40% w/w BSA without nanosphere destabilisation. BSA release from nanospheres into Hanks Balanced Salts Solution, pH 7.4, could be monitored for up to 28 days at 37°C. The incorporation and release of the Monsanto actives - the insecticide Admire® ({ 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyIJ-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine}) and the plant growth hormone potassium salt Gibberellic acid (GA3K) from physico-chemically characterised polymer nanospheres was monitored for up to 37 days and 28 days respectively, at both 4°C and 23°C. Release data was subsequently fitted to established kinetic models to elaborate the possible mechanisms of release of actives from the nanospheres. The exposure of unloaded nanospheres to a range of physiological media and rural rainwater has been used to investigate the role polymer biodegradation by enzymatic and chemical means might play in the in vivo release of actives and agricultural applications. The potential environmental biodegradation of Monsanto polymers has been investigated using a composting study (International Standard ISO/FDIS 14855) in which the ultimate aerobic biodegradation of the polymers has been monitored by the analysis of evolved carbon dioxide. These studies demonstrated the potential of the polymers for use in the environment, for example as a pesticide delivery system.
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Flores, Escate Carlos Gustavo, and Palomino José Miguel Romero. "Aplicar la tecnología servicios web para lograr la interoperabilidad del sistema de gestión documentaria en el Ministerio de Agricultura." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12271.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorExpone que en la actualidad, existen diversas organizaciones que poseen sistemas de información construidas con lenguajes de programación distintos, almacenando información sobre bases de datos diferentes, lo cual implica que la arquitectura de dichas aplicaciones tenga un diseño en particular para cada una de estas, este es el caso del Ministerio de Agriculturay los Organismos Públicos Adscritos a dicha entidad. Por esta razón fue necesario elegir una tecnología que permita el flujo de información entre los Sistemas de Gestión Documentaria involucrados de manera transparente para los usuarios de dichas organizaciones y que cumpla con el requerimiento de la Alta Dirección del Ministerio. La tecnología elegida es Servicios Web, la cual permite la interoperabilidad entre aplicaciones construidas sobre diversos lenguajes de programación, esta tecnología usa un lenguaje de comunicación estándar: XML, y hace uso de protocolos de comunicación libres que permitirán el intercambio de información entre los Sistemas de Gestión Documentaria del Ministerio de Agricultura y sus Organismos Públicos Adscritos.
Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
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Harmon, Jacob. "Effects of inflation and interest rates on land pricing." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9256.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Land is typically the highest value category of assets that farmers and ranchers have on their balance sheets. The value of land is affected by inflation. Understanding the effect of inflation on the land market helps farmers make better land pricing decisions and better asset management decisions. Using Treasury Bills and Farm Credit Bonds, future inflation expectations and agricultural risk premiums can be estimated. With the recent government stimulation of the economy and the resulting large amount of money infused into the economy, inflation is becoming an increasing concern with investors. Economic theory suggests that this infusion of money will affect future interest rates and ultimately the value of land given the inverse relationship between interest rates and the value of land. These lingering affects occur with the rise and fall of yield rates for Treasury Bills and Farm Credit bonds. Farm Credit bonds are sold at a premium over Treasury Bills. This premium indicates the market-assessed additional risk that farmers have to pay for their operating loans and other mortgages. Even though land values are affected by inflation, other things affect land values such as recreational use, development, and natural resource exploration. A combination of inflation and these other affects can greatly affect land prices.
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Barnick, Anjali. "THE IMPACT OF A SCHOOL GARDENING PROGRAM ON NUTRITION ATTITUDES, BEHAVIORS AND INTEREST AMONGST FOURTH GRADE STUDENTS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1424286239.
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Bergerman, Mauro. "New grain discharge terminal at Santos Port, Brazil." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14756.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen Featherstone
The thesis assesses the viability of investing in a new grain discharge terminal at the port of Santos, located in the Brazilian southern region, used mostly for wheat but also for malt and malting barley operations. ABC Intl suffered losses of more than USD 1.0 million in 2006 due to demurrage costs at berth 39, used by ABC Intl to export and import grains, sugar and soybean. Congestion tends to increase with the growth of Brazilian soybean and sugar cane production and exports (average 5.0% per year) and 2.0% growth of wheat imports. Demurrage losses are expected to amount to USD 3.0 million by the year 2011 if no investments are made. A brief summary of Brazilian wheat supply and demand for the last five years is presented. Brazil is a net importer between 6.0 and 8.0 million metric tons of wheat per year, to supply the 10.0 million metric ton internal demand. Brazilian wheat imports through the port of Santos average 1.6 million metric tons per year from 2000 to 2006. Sao Paulo is the most populated Brazilian city with more than 18.0 million inhabitants. Its wheat consumption amounts to a third of the total Brazilian consumption and represents around 3.0 million metric tons per year. The thesis analyzes data related to berth 39 activities in the past seven years. A 56-day lineup in 2006 represented more than USD 1.0 million demurrage costs. The thesis forecasts the activity of berth 39 for next five years with and without investment at the new terminal. The new terminal will result in an average of USD 1.8 million savings on demurrage costs over five years. Codesp, Companhia Docas de Sao Paulo, the governmental authority in the port of Santos, is offering a unique opportunity for ABC Intl to invest in a new terminal for grain imports granting the land at no cost. The new terminal would be located at the middle of the port (berth 13/14) close to the railroad and the main avenue in the port of Santos, allowing discharging, storing and loading grain to trucks and wagons. ABC Intl needs to invest USD 5.0 million in the new terminal. It comprises the dismantling and rebuilding of all the grain discharge equipment that will be moved from shed 39 to the new terminal, including two suckers and conveyor belts. The thesis analyzes four different wheat import scenarios for the next five years. In addition, the same scenarios are analyzed for a 10-year period for comparison purposes. The weighted average of the Net Present Value of the four different investment scenarios, considering the probability of each occurring, is a positive USD 78,908 with 13.1% Internal Rate of Return, compared to 9.0 % ABC Intl opportunity cost of capital. It must be considered that the Net Present Value is a conservative figure since it does not take into account the savings on demurrage at berth 39, forecasted to be more than USD 3.0 million in the year 2011 if the company does not invest in the new terminal construction. It is recommended the ABC Intl invest in the new terminal to improve the overall logistics of the port and the quality of the service. This will avoid unnecessary demurrage costs and improving shareholders wealth by investing in a project with positive Net Present Value.
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Ofori-Attah, Hayford. "The cocoa industry in Ghana and the Ivory Coast : a comparative study of government agricultural policies and their impact." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21229.
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The cocoa industry has been the economic pillar of Ghana and the Ivory Coast for over three-quarters of a century. Both countries have depended on the industry for the bulk of the wherewithal required for economic development. In Ghana, the industry has however, since the beginning of the 1970s, shown clear signs of decline in terms of output. Cocoa output in Ghana has slumped from 538,000 tonnes in 1965 to 175,000 tonnes in 1985. In the Ivory Coast, cocoa output has on the contrary, risen from 148,000 tonnes in 1965 to 565,000 tonnes in 1985. Ghana is currently trailing behind Ivory Coast and Brazil in cocoa beans production. The objective of the study has been to identify the causes of the decline and growth-of the cocoa industry in Ghana and the Ivory Coast respectively through an in-depth study of government agricultural policies. The rationale behind the comparative study is to bring out the strengths and weaknesses in the agricultural policies of the two countries so that Ghana can sift out the good policies that have aided the Ivory Coast cocoa industry to flourish and use them to revamp, its floundering cocoa industry. The study employs multiple regression, cost-benefit and domestic resource costs techniques to analyse government agricultural policies and to assess the relative profitability of cocoa production. The study has revealed that the major explanatory factor for the current state of the industry in both countries is the producer price policy of the governments of the two countries. While producer prices are not favourable in Ghana, they tend tobe relatively high in the Ivory Coast. The poor producer price policy of the government of Ghana has led to a shift of resources from the cocoa industry to other more lucrative ventures such as food-cropping and commerce. Other factors that have been discovered through the study to account for the decline of cocoa output in Ghana include inefficient marketing system, lack of farm inputs and poor implentation of cocoa rehabilitation projects. The results of the comparative advantage analysis suggest that there is the need for Ghana to embark on a policy of agricultural diversification. Besides cocoa, a cash crop whose development is worth encouraging by the government of Ghana is the oil palm. Based on the experience of the Ivory Coast, a number of recommendations have been suggested in the concluding chapter for adoption by the government of Ghana. These policy recommendations include a yearly upward adjustment of the cocoa producer price to a level that will leave the cocoa farmer with an appreciable profit margin, the privatization of the cocoa marketing board, a regular and an adequate supply of farm inputs and an efficient implementation of cocoa rehabilitation projects.