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Kelly-Holmes, Helen. "Irish on the World Wide Web." Journal of Language and Politics 5, no. 2 (September 15, 2006): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.5.2.05kel.
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This paper reports on the process of searching with Irish words on the Irish language version of the Google Internet search engine. Five words from ‘typical’ and ‘non-typical’ domains for Irish are used, and the results are analysed in terms of the “authenticity” of the search process and results, the language usage in the sites found through the search process, and the domains represented by the results. The study identifies a number of problems encountered when searching for results in a ‘small’ language. It also indicates that the ‘official’ sector and other sectors closely related to language policy and planning are the main providers of monolingual Irish texts on the Internet, with a variety of mixed Irish and English approaches favoured by other providers.
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Møller, Bernt. "Internet som tekstsamling og resourcebank i sprogundervisning." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 16, no. 30 (March 3, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v16i30.25717.
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The World Wide Web contains huge amounts of documents in several languages. Also, internet offers numerous resources which may help in finding and understanding web documents. This article firstly aims at passing on facts and considerations from the author’s teaching experience within a thematic process framework of Information Management. Here, information searching, evaluation, registration and presentation are guide-lines. In information searching, the points touched upon include search engine strate-gies, such as qualified URL guessing and language checking. Information evaluation mentions a few basic techniques while information registration and presentation point to the utility of co-integrating multimedia links in the software applications. Secondly, the article in a smaller section suggests a typology for internet language resources and comments on a number of useful language web sites. Finally, selected perspectives and challenges are outlined.
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Mastalski, Arkadiusz Sylwester. "Wiersze z Google — problemy autorstwa i sprawczości w świetle teorii wiersza." Prace Literackie 57 (July 12, 2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0079-4767.57.7.
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Google poetics — issues of an authorship and agency within the view of a verse theory This article presents an attempt to explain the popular internet phenomenon called Wiersze z Google ang. Google Poetics, poems created by Google Searching engine — the most frequently used search engine on the World Wide Web. In author’s opinion these poems are not created by humans only, but just an „uncreative” effect of the poetic collaboration between the web browser, data bases, searching indexes and, last but not least, the users. Within the context of the theory of versification and some other intellectual backgrounds I try to show how these different agencies work together to create an unique poems based on peoples searchings, metadata and how words typed in the window of the browser become a poem-in-verses.
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FAN, XIUYI, and THOMAS C. HENDERSON. "ROBOTSHARE: A GOOGLE FOR ROBOTS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05, no. 02 (June 2008): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843608001388.
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Knowledge representation is a traditional field in artificial intelligence. Researchers have developed various ways to represent and share information among intelligent agents. Agents that share resources, data, information, and knowledge perform better than agents working alone. However, previous research has also revealed that sharing knowledge among a large number of entities in an open environment is a problem yet to be solved. Intelligent robots are designed and produced by different manufacturers. They have various physical attributes and employ different knowledge representations. Therefore, any nonstandard or non-widely-adopted technology is unsuitable for providing a satisfactory solution to the knowledge sharing problem. In this research, we pose robot knowledge sharing as an activity to be developed in an open environment — the World Wide Web. Just as search engines like Google provide enormous power for information exchange and sharing for humans, we believe that a searching mechanism designed for intelligent agents can provide a robust approach to sharing knowledge among robots. We have developed: (1) a knowledge representation for robots that allows Internet access, (2) a knowledge organization and search indexing engine, and (3) a query/reply mechanism between robots and the search engine.
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Bogel, Gayle. "Students in Nova Scotia Schools Without Teacher-Librarians are not Achieving Department of Education Expectations for Information Literacy Skills." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 2 (June 5, 2007): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8v01w.
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A review of:
Gunn, Holly, and Gary Hepburn. “Seeking Information for School Purposes on the Internet.” Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology 29.1 (Winter 2003): 67-88. 24 May 2007
http://www.cjlt.ca/content/vol29.1/04_gunn_hepburn.html
Abstract
Objective – This study investigated whether the expectations for Internet searching strategies outlined in provincial curriculum goals are being met in Nova Scotia Schools. Twelfth-grade students in representative schools were surveyed as to their Internet information seeking strategies and their perceptions of the effectiveness of those strategies. The results are presented as six themes based on the survey questions.
Design – Survey questionnaire consisting of yes/no, multiple-choice, Likert style, and open-ended responses.
Setting – Twelfth-grade students from four high schools in one district in Nova Scotia. Total participants: 198.
Subjects – Questionnaires were analyzed from 243 general practitioners, practice nurses, and practice managers in four Nottingham primary care trusts as well as practices in the Rotherham Health Authority area.
Methods – Four research questions guided this study:
1. What strategies and techniques do students use that are helpful for information-seeking on the Internet?
2. What knowledge do students have of the different World Wide Web search engines?
3. How do students perceive their ability to locate information for school purposes on the Internet?
4. How do students learn how to seek information on the Internet for school-related assignments?
The survey was developed through a literature review of previous research. Each survey item reflected a theme and one of the four research questions. The survey was field tested in a pilot study with two twelfth-grade students, and two twelfth-grade English classes.
The sample was assembled by asking principals at the four schools to identify two classes in each of their schools that represented mixed academic abilities. Three schools chose English classes, and one school chose math classes participate in the study. All students had agreed to be a part of the study and only students present in class on the day the questionnaire was given were represented. No effort was made to include students who were absent.
Results were tabulated as percentages of responses, and presented in tables related to the themes of the four research questions.
Main results – Throughout the study, students reported very few strategies for effective Internet searching. They cited friends and family members rather than teachers as their main sources for support, and reported self-taught trial and error as the most common method of learning search strategies. Despite their lack of effectiveness, most students considered themselves “good” or “very good” at finding the information they need for school purposes. Most of the students used very few of the strategies associated with effective searching that have been stated in prior research studies.
Research Question One: Use of Strategies and Techniques for Information-Seeking on the Internet
Only 15% of students used Boolean operators regularly.
Over 70% of students did not know how to eliminate commercial sites, use particular features, limit searches to recently updated pages or limit searches to the title section of a Web page.
Research Question Two: Knowledge of World Wide Web Search Engines.
Google was the overwhelming choice, with 66.7% percent of students reporting that they used it regularly. Other search engines were used from 0 to 22%.
Research Question Three:
Students’ Perception of Their Information-Seeking Ability on the Internet
81.3 % of students reported their abilities as good or very good.
Only 5% felt their abilities were poor.
Research Question Four: How Students Learn What They Know About Information-Seeking on the Internet
72.7% reported self-teaching strategies.
39.8% relied on friends or classmates, 36.8 % relied on teachers.
2.5% reported librarians as a source
Of the students who reported self-teaching, 53% used trial and error, 6.6% used help screens and 4% searched for assistance. 80.8% of students who reported teachers as a source for learning information strategies were taught in computer-related classes, rather than in content area classes across the disciplines.
Although only 72% of students reported having Internet access at home, 64% stated that they used the Internet more at home than at school to find information for school-related assignments. 46.3% of students with no Internet access at home rated their perception of searching ability as poor, compared to only 8.3% of students who did have Internet access at home.
Conclusion – The researchers state that actual practice in Nova Scotia schools does not reflect the standard instructional strategy of modeling as recognized by the Nova Scotia Department of Education. They feel that the results of this study show that very little modeling is being done by classroom teachers; that the modeling is instead being done by peers and family at home. This magnifies the disparity in effective skills for those who do not have Internet access at home. They also note that the goal of integrating search strategy instruction across the disciplines is not being reached.
The researchers suggest two ways to offer the needed instruction: compulsory classes in information seeking for all students, or the hiring of teacher-librarians to support instruction in the schools, working collaboratively in all disciplines. Research supporting the presence of teacher-librarians in teaching effective information literacy skills, including Internet searching, is noted.
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Nikravesh, M., V. Loia, and B. Azvine. "Fuzzy logic and the Internet (FLINT): Internet, World Wide Web, and search engines." Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications 6, no. 5 (August 1, 2002): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-002-0182-x.
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Henderson, J. Fred. "Virtual Reality on the World Wide Web: a Survey of Web Sites." International Journal of Virtual Reality 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.1996.2.1.2606.
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The author surveyed the World Wide Web using a number of Internet based search engines and VR resource pages to identify more than 11,300 open text sites dealing with virtual reality. This article identifies several hundred of the best devoted to VRML, VR news groups, VR resources, VR projects, VR software, VR hardware, academic and laboratories involved in VR, associations, publications, companies, and government agencies specializing in VR. The URLs are provided in the printed article. The CD-ROM that accompanies the printed journal also provides direct links to the sites when this article is viewed while simultaneously connected to the World Wide Web.
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Fujihara, Nobuhiko, and Asako Miura. "Patterns of Searching for Information on the World Wide Web: A Pilot Study." Psychological Reports 92, no. 3_suppl (June 2003): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.3c.1091.
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The influences of task type on search of the World Wide Web using search engines without limitation of search domain were investigated. 9 graduate and undergraduate students studying psychology (1 woman and 8 men, M age = 25.0 yr., SD = 2.1) participated. Their performance to manipulate the search engines on a closed task with only one answer were compared with their performance on an open task with several possible answers. Analysis showed that the number of actions was larger for the closed task ( M = 91) than for the open task ( M = 46.1). Behaviors such as selection of keywords (averages were 7.9% of all actions for the closed task and 16.7% for the open task) and pressing of the browser's back button (averages were 40.3% of all actions for the closed task and 29.6% for the open task) were also different. On the other hand, behaviors such as selection of hyperlinks, pressing of the home button, and number of browsed pages were similar for both tasks. Search behaviors were influenced by task type when the students searched for information without limitation placed on the information sources.
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Agbele, Kehinde, Ademola Adesina, Daniel Ekong, and Oluwafemi Ayangbekun. "State-of-the-Art Review on Relevance of Genetic Algorithm to Internet Web Search." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/152385.
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People use search engines to find information they desire with the aim that their information needs will be met. Information retrieval (IR) is a field that is concerned primarily with the searching and retrieving of information in the documents and also searching the search engine, online databases, and Internet. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are robust, efficient, and optimizated methods in a wide area of search problems motivated by Darwin’s principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest. This paper describes information retrieval systems (IRS) components. This paper looks at how GAs can be applied in the field of IR and specifically the relevance of genetic algorithms to internet web search. Finally, from the proposals surveyed it turns out that GA is applied to diverse problem fields of internet web search.
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Steel, Chad M. S. "Web-Based Child Pornography." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2009062405.
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While the supply of child pornography through the World Wide Web has been frequently speculated upon, the demand has not adequately been explored. Quantification and qualification of the demand provides forensic examiners a behavioral basis for determining the sophistication of individual seeking child pornography. Additionally, the research assists an examiner in searching for and presenting the evidence of child pornography browsing. The overall search engine demand for child pornography is bounded as being between .19 and .49%, depending on the inclusion of ambiguous phrases, with the top search for child pornography being “lolita bbs”. Unlike peer-to-peer networks, however, the top child pornography related query ranks only as the 198th most popular query overall. The queries on search engines appear to be decreasing as well, and the techniques employed are becoming less reliant direct links to content.
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Tantam, Digby. "Computers, the internet and the World Wide Web: an introduction for the e-therapist." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.12.5.359.
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The purpose of this first article of four addressing the electronic approaches to psychotherapy (e-therapy) is to introduce the equipment (computers) and systems (the World Wide Web and the internet) involved. I describe some of their many elements (e.g. bits and bytes), uses (such as search engines, email, web mail) and a few abuses (e.g. spam, spyware).
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Ayu, Media Anugerah, and Mohamed Ahmed Elgharabawy. "Effects of Web Accessibility on Search Engines and Webometrics Ranking." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmcmc.2013010106.
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Previous researches have highlighted the importance of web accessibility of a website. Its importance has made the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) come up with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) as a guideline for developing an accessible website. Amongst websites available in the web wide world, many of them are fall under the education institution website category. These education institution websites are mostly the first door that people will go to visit to get information about education services and courses provided by the institution. Thus, to be accessible is an essential issue for these websites. Another issue that gets much attention in the current competitive internet world is to be visible by popular search engines and ranked at their top lists. For higher learning institutions there is an online ranking that they like to be in the top list, i.e. Webometrics. This paper attempts to address those two issues of web accessibility and being at the top list. It presents a study that investigates whether web accessibility has a contributing effect to ranking position in Webometrics and popular search engines. The research covers websites from higher learning institutions and education domains. Three popular search engines are used in this research, i.e. Google, Yahoo! and Bing. The study produces interesting results that would be useful as a guide for higher learning institutions that want to improve their online ranking.
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T, Anuradha, and Tayyaba Nousheen. "MACHINE LEARNING BASED SEARCH ENGINE WITH CRAWLING, INDEXING AND RANKING." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 10, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2021.v10i07.011.
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The web is the heap and huge collection of wellspring of data. The Search Engine are used for retrieving the information from World Wide Web (WWW). Search Engines are helpful for searching user keywords and provide the accurate result in fraction of seconds. This paper proposed Machine Learning based search engine which will give more relevant user searches in the form of web pages. To display the user entered query search engine plays a major role of basic interface. Every site comprises of the heaps of site pages that are being made and sent on the server.
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Leifer, Z. "Pediatric resources on the Internet." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 88, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-88-5-232.
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This article introduces the podiatric physician interested in pediatrics to the resources available on the Internet. It surveys search engines, gateway sites on the World Wide Web leading to a wealth of pediatric information and services, and features such as electronic mail, news-groups, and Gopher sites. Examples illustrate how such resources can be helpful to the practicing podiatrist.
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Resnick, Marc L., and Jennifer Bandos. "Best Practices in Search User Interface Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 5 (September 2002): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600506.
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The Internet has become a powerful tool for information search and ecommerce. Millions of people use the World Wide Web on a regular basis and the number is increasing rapidly. For many common tasks, users first need to locate a Web site(s) containing needed information from among the estimated 4 trillion existing web pages. The most common method used to search for information is the search engine. However, even sophisticated users often have difficulty navigating through the complexity of search engine interfaces. Designing more effective and efficient search engines is contingent upon a significant improvement in the search user interface.
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Sumathi, G., S. Sendhilkumar, and G. S. Mahalakshmi. "Ranking Pages of Clustered Users using Weighted Page Rank Algorithm with User Access Period." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 11, no. 4 (October 2015): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2015100102.
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The World Wide Web comprises billions of web pages and a tremendous amount of information accessible inside of web pages. To recover obliged data from the World Wide Web, search engines perform number of tasks in light of their separate structural planning. The point at which a user gives a query to the search engine, it commonly returns a bulky number of pages related to the user's query. To backing the users to explore in the returned list, different ranking techniques are connected on the search results. The vast majority of the ranking calculations, which are given in the related work, are either link or content based. The existing works don't consider user access patterns. In this paper, a page ranking approach of Weighted Page Rank Score Algorithm taking user access is being conceived for search engines, which deals with the premise of weighted page rank method and considers user access period of web pages into record. For this reason, the web users are clustered based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach. From those groups, the pages are ranked by improving the weighted page rank approach with usage based parameter of user access period. This calculation is utilized to discover more applicable pages as per user's query. In this way, this idea is extremely helpful to show the most important pages on the uppermost part of the search list on the principle of user searching behavior, which shrinks the search space on a huge scale.
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Schulz, Wolfgang, Thorsten Held, and Arne Laudien. "Search Engines as Gatekeepers of Public Communication: Analysis of the German framework applicable to internet search engines including media law and anti trust law." German Law Journal 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014401.
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Several fundamental questions concerning internet law come to a head over search engines. There are trademark cases, issues about the protection of minors and questions of liability. However, as far as we know, the fundamental role that search engines play in public communication based on the World Wide Web has not yet been subjected to any legal analysis. This seems to leave a significant gap in our knowledge, given the fact that the market for search engines tends to be monopolistic.
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Huang, Wei Zhong. "Research on Web Search Engine Optimization and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1908.
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The universal search engine, which is widely used now, has significantly improved the efficiency of retrieving information. According to CNNIC (China Internet Network Information Center) 26th Internet survey, the search takes up 76.30% for absolute advantage as a major way for users to obtain information from the Internet. Among almost all the surveys of using on the Internet in the world, search engine is second only to e-mail service. But with the growth of a wide range of information, these universal search engines can not meet people's needs either in retrieval precision or in retrieval efficiency when retrieving information on a subject or topic. That's because as long as the user enters the same keywords, the feedbacks of universal search engine are just the same. Universal search engine does not take the differences in interests and needs between different users, which often exist, into account. For example, dentists and ceramics enthusiasts would hold different concerns about the term "ceramic". In order to be more rapid, accurate and efficient in retrieving information on particular subject or theme, it is essential to develop information retrieval systems on specific areas, that is, the domain-specific search engine.
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Ashford, Miriam Thiel, Ellinor K. Olander, and Susan Ayers. "Finding Web-Based Anxiety Interventions on the World Wide Web: A Scoping Review." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5349.
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Background One relatively new and increasingly popular approach of increasing access to treatment is Web-based intervention programs. The advantage of Web-based approaches is the accessibility, affordability, and anonymity of potentially evidence-based treatment. Despite much research evidence on the effectiveness of Web-based interventions for anxiety found in the literature, little is known about what is publically available for potential consumers on the Web. Objective Our aim was to explore what a consumer searching the Web for Web-based intervention options for anxiety-related issues might find. The objectives were to identify currently publically available Web-based intervention programs for anxiety and to synthesize and review these in terms of (1) website characteristics such as credibility and accessibility; (2) intervention program characteristics such as intervention focus, design, and presentation modes; (3) therapeutic elements employed; and (4) published evidence of efficacy. Methods Web keyword searches were carried out on three major search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo—UK platforms). For each search, the first 25 hyperlinks were screened for eligible programs. Included were programs that were designed for anxiety symptoms, currently publically accessible on the Web, had an online component, a structured treatment plan, and were available in English. Data were extracted for website characteristics, program characteristics, therapeutic characteristics, as well as empirical evidence. Programs were also evaluated using a 16-point rating tool. Results The search resulted in 34 programs that were eligible for review. A wide variety of programs for anxiety, including specific anxiety disorders, and anxiety in combination with stress, depression, or anger were identified and based predominantly on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. The majority of websites were rated as credible, secure, and free of advertisement. The majority required users to register and/or to pay a program access fee. Half of the programs offered some form of paid therapist or professional support. Programs varied in treatment length and number of modules and employed a variety of presentation modes. Relatively few programs had published research evidence of the intervention’s efficacy. Conclusions This review represents a snapshot of available Web-based intervention programs for anxiety that could be found by consumers in March 2015. The consumer is confronted with a diversity of programs, which makes it difficult to identify an appropriate program. Limited reports and existence of empirical evidence for efficacy make it even more challenging to identify credible and reliable programs. This highlights the need for consistent guidelines and standards on developing, providing, and evaluating Web-based interventions and platforms with reliable up-to-date information for professionals and consumers about the characteristics, quality, and accessibility of Web-based interventions.
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Preddie, Martha Ingrid. "Canadian Public Library Users are Unaware of Their Information Literacy Deficiencies as Related to Internet Use and Public Libraries are Challenged to Address These Needs." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 4, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8sp7f.
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A Review of:
Julien, Heidi and Cameron Hoffman. “Information Literacy Training in Canada’s Public Libraries.” Library Quarterly 78.1 (2008): 19-41.
Objective – To examine the role of Canada’s public libraries in information literacy skills training, and to ascertain the perspectives of public library Internet users with regard to their experiences of information literacy.
Design – Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews and observations.
Setting – Five public libraries in Canada.
Subjects – Twenty-eight public library staff members and twenty-five customers.
Methods – This study constituted the second phase of a detailed examination of information literacy (IL) training in Canadian public libraries. Five public libraries located throughout Canada were selected for participation. These comprised a large central branch of a public library located in a town with a population of approximately two million, a main branch of a public library in an urban city of about one million people, a public library in a town with a population of about 75,000, a library in a town of 900 people and a public library located in the community center of a Canadian First Nations reserve that housed a population of less than 100 persons. After notifying customers via signage posted in the vicinity of computers and Internet access areas, the researchers observed each patron as they accessed the Internet via library computers. Observations focused on the general physical environment of the Internet access stations, customer activities and use of the Internet, as well as the nature and degree of customer interactions with each other and with staff. Photographs were also taken and observations were recorded via field notes. The former were analyzed via qualitative content analysis while quantitative analysis was applied to the observations.
Additionally, each observed participant was interviewed immediately following Internet use. Interview questions focused on a range of issues including the reasons why customers used the Internet in public libraries, customers’ perceptions about their level of information literacy and their feelings with regard to being information literate, the nature of their exposure to IL training, the benefits they derived from such training, and their desire for further training. Public service librarians and other staff were also interviewed in a similar manner. These questions sought to ascertain staff views on the role of the public library with regard to IL training; perceptions of the need for and expected outcomes of such training; as well as the current situation pertinent to the provision of IL skills training in their respective libraries in terms of staff competencies, resource allocation, and the forms of training and evaluation. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were interpreted via qualitative content analysis through the use of NVivo software.
Main Results – Men were more frequent users of public library computers than women, outnumbering them by a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 3.4:1. Customers appeared to be mostly under the age of 30 and of diverse ethnicities. The average income of interviewed customers was less than the Canadian average.
The site observations revealed that customers were seen using the Internet mainly for the purposes of communication (e.g., e-mail, instant messaging, online dating services). Such use was observed 78 times in four of the libraries. Entertainment accounted for 43 observations in all five sites and comprised activities such as online games, music videos, and movie listings. Twenty-eight observations involved business/financial uses (e.g., online shopping, exploration of investment sites, online banking). The use of search engines (25 observations), news information (23), foreign language and forum websites (21), and word processing were less frequently observed. Notably, there were only 20 observed library-specific uses (e.g., searching online catalogues, online database and library websites). Customers reported that they used the Internet mainly for general web searching and for e-mail.
It was also observed that in general the physical environment was not conducive to computer use due to uncomfortable or absent seating and a lack of privacy. Additionally, only two sites had areas specifically designated for IL instruction.
Of the 25 respondents, 19 reported at least five years experience with the Internet, 9 of whom cited experience of 10 years or more. Self-reported confidence with the Internet was high: 16 individuals claimed to be very confident, 7 somewhat confident, and only 2 lacking in confidence. There was a weak positive correlation between years of use and individuals’ reported levels of confidence.
Customers reported interest in improving computer literacy (e.g., keyboarding ability) and IL skills (ability to use more sources of information). Some expressed a desire “to improve certain personal attitudes” (30), such as patience when conducting Internet searches. When presented with the Association of College and Research Libraries’ definition of IL, 13 (52%) of those interviewed claimed to be information literate, 8 were ambivalent, and 4 admitted to being information illiterate. Those who professed to be information literate had no particular feeling about this state of being, however 10 interviewees admitted feeling positive about being able to use the Internet to retrieve information. Most of those interviewed (15) disagreed that a paucity of IL skills is a deterrent to “accessing online information efficiently and effectively” (30). Eleven reported development of information skills through self teaching, while 8 cited secondary schools or tertiary educational institutions. However, such training was more in terms of computer technology education than IL. Eleven of the participants expressed a desire for additional IL training, 5 of whom indicated a preference for the public library to supply such training. Customers identified face-to-face, rather than online, as the ideal training format. Four interviewees identified time as the main barrier to Internet use and online access.
As regards library staff, 22 (78.6%) of those interviewed posited IL training as an important role for public libraries. Many stated that customers had been asking for formal IL sessions with interest in training related to use of the catalogue, databases, and productivity software, as well as searching the web. Two roles were identified in the context of the public librarian as a provider of IL: “library staff as teachers/agents of empowerment and library staff as ‘public parents’” (32). The former was defined as supporting independent, lifelong learning through the provision of IL skills, and the latter encompassing assistance, guidance, problem solving, and filtering of unsuitable content.
Staff identified challenges to IL training as societal challenges (e.g., need for customers to be able to evaluate information provided by the media, the public library’s role in reducing the digital divide), institutional (e.g., marketing of IL programs, staff constraints, lack of budget for IL training), infrastructural (e.g., limited space, poor Internet access in library buildings) and pedagogical challenges, such as differing views pertinent to the philosophy of IL, as well as the low levels of IL training to which Canadian students at all levels had been previously exposed.
Despite these challenges library staff acknowledged positive outcomes resulting from IL training in terms of customers achieving a higher level of computer literacy, becoming more skillful at searching, and being able to use a variety of information sources. Affective benefits were also apparent such as increased independence and willingness to learn. Library staff also identified life expanding outcomes, such as the use of IL skills to procure employment.
In contrast to customer self-perception, library staff expressed that customers’ IL skills were low, and that this resulted in their avoidance of “higher-level online research” and the inability to “determine appropriate information sources” (36). Several librarians highlighted customers’ incapacity to perform simple activities such as opening an email account. Library staff also alluded to customer’s reluctance to ask them for help.
Libraries in the study offered a wide range of training. All provided informal, personalized training as needed. Formal IL sessions on searching the catalogue, online searching, and basic computer skills were conducted by the three bigger libraries. A mix of librarians and paraprofessional staff provided the training in these libraries. However, due to a lack of professional staff, the two smaller libraries offered periodic workshops facilitated by regional librarians.
All the libraries lacked a defined training budget. Nonetheless, the largest urban library was well-positioned to offer IL training as it had a training coordinator, a training of trainers program, as well as technologically-equipped training spaces. The other libraries in this study provided no training of trainers programs and varied in terms of the adequacy of spaces allocated for the purpose of training. The libraries also varied in terms of the importance placed on the evaluation of IL training. At the largest library evaluation forms were used to improve training initiatives, while at the small town library “evaluations were done anecdotally” (38).
Conclusion – While Internet access is available and utilized by a wide cross section of the population, IL skills are being developed informally and not through formal training offered by public libraries. Canadian public libraries need to work to improve information literacy skills by offering and promoting formal IL training programs.
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Muthukumarasamy, S., Z. Osmani, A. Sharpe, and R. J. A. England. "Quality of information available on the World Wide Web for patients undergoing thyroidectomy: review." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 2 (August 26, 2011): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111002246.
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AbstractIntroduction:This study aimed to assess the quality of information available on the World Wide Web for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.Methods:The first 50 web-links generated by internet searches using the five most popular search engines and the key word ‘thyroidectomy’ were evaluated using the Lida website validation instrument (assessing accessibility, usability and reliability) and the Flesch Reading Ease Score.Results:We evaluated 103 of a possible 250 websites. Mean scores (ranges) were: Lida accessibility, 48/63 (27–59); Lida usability, 36/54 (21–50); Lida reliability, 21/51 (4–38); and Flesch Reading Ease, 43.9 (2.6–77.6).Conclusion:The quality of internet health information regarding thyroidectomy is variable. High ranking and popularity are not good indicators of website quality. Overall, none of the websites assessed achieved high Lida scores. In order to prevent the dissemination of inaccurate or commercially motivated information, we recommend independent labelling of medical information available on the World Wide Web.
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Ritchie, L., C. Tornari, P. M. Patel, and R. Lakhani. "Glue ear: how good is the information on the World Wide Web?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115003230.
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AbstractObjective:This paper objectively evaluates current information available to the general public related to glue ear on the World Wide Web.Methods:The term ‘glue ear’ was typed into the 3 most frequently used internet search engines – Google, Bing and Yahoo – and the first 20 links were analysed. The first 400 words of each page were used to calculate the Flesch–Kincaid readability score. Each website was subsequently graded using the Discern instrument, which gauges quality and content of literature.Results:The websites Webmd.boots.com, Bupa.co.uk and Patient.co.uk received the highest overall scores. These reflected top scores in either readability or Discern instrument assessment, but not both. Readability and Discern scores increased with the presence of a marketing or advertising incentive. The Patient.co.uk website had the highest Discern score and third highest readability score.Conclusion:There is huge variation in the quality of information available to patients on the internet. Some websites may be accessible to a wide range of reading ages but have poor quality content, and vice versa. Clinicians should be aware of indicators of quality, and use validated instruments to assess and recommend literature.
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Elovici, Yuval, Chanan Glezer, and Bracha Shapira. "Enhancing customer privacy while searching for products and services on the world wide web." Internet Research 15, no. 4 (September 1, 2005): 378–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240510615164.
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PurposeTo propose a model of a privacy‐enhanced catalogue search system (PECSS) in an attempt to address privacy threats to consumers, who search for products and services on the world wide web.Design/methodology/approachThe model extends an agent‐based architecture for electronic catalogue mediation by supplementing it with a privacy enhancement mechanism. This mechanism introduces fake queries into the original stream of user queries, in an attempt to reduce the similarity between the actual interests of users (“internal user profile”) and the interests as observed by potential eavesdroppers on the web (“external user profile”). A prototype was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.FindingsThe evaluation of the model indicates that, by generating five fake queries per each original user query, the user's profile is hidden most effectively from any potential eavesdropper. Future research is needed to identify the optimal glossary of fake queries for various clients. The model also should be tested against various attacks perpetrated against the mixed stream of original and fake queries (i.e. statistical clustering).Research limitations/implicationsThe model's feasibility was evaluated through a prototype. It was not empirically tested against various statistical methods used by intruders to reveal the original queries.Practical implicationsA useful architecture for electronic commerce providers, internet service providers (ISP) and individual clients who are concerned with their privacy and wish to minimize their dependencies on third‐party security providers.Originality/valueThe contribution of the PECSS model stems from the fact that, as the internet gradually transforms into a non‐free service, anonymous browsing cannot be employed any more to protect consumers' privacy, and therefore other approaches should be explored. Moreover, unlike other approaches, our model does not rely on the honesty of any third mediators and proxies that are also exposed to the interests of the client. In addition, the proposed model is scalable as it is installed on the user's computer.
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Qian, Shuang Yan. "Design and Implementation of Landscape Plant Information Search Engine." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1892.
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With the explosive growth of the World Wide Web information, we need the appropriate retrieval tools, especially the retrieval of the professional information, we need a embody of search engines with the professional vocabulary features. Based on the research of search engine's core technology, this paper presents a design scheme which is the botanical garden plant information search engine based on Internet data, we descript of its design.
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Rhodus, Tim. "Publishing Newsletters on the World Wide Web Using Database Software." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 588e—588. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.588e.
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Preparing newsletters for distribution over the World Wide Web generally requires one to learn HTML (hypertext markup language), purchase an HTML editor, or convert existing wordprocessing documents through a utility program. As an alternative, an input form was developed for county agents that facilitates the direct publishing of their weekly Buckeye Yard and Garden On-line newsletter over the Internet. Using FileMaker Pro 3.0 for Macintosh and the ROFM acgi script for WebSTAR, agents cut and paste text from their word processing file into specific input boxes on the screen and then submit it to the server located in Columbus. Their newsletter articles are then made available to anyone on the Web through a searchable database that allows for searching by date or title. Preparation of the input form and corresponding search form creates two distinct advantages: county agents do not have to spend time learning about HTML coding and all their newsletters are indexed in a searchable database with no additional effort by the site manager. Modification of this procedure has been done to facilitate the creation of online term projects for students and a directory for horticultural internships.
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Starr, Karen. "Electronic Access, Design Issues, and Publishing Research Information on the World Wide Web." HortScience 32, no. 6 (October 1997): 982d—982. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.982d.
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Traditionally, researchers have obtained published information in the form of journal articles, often using indexing tools like Biologica Abstracts to find a particular topic. Articles were indexed, coded, an abstracted so that people could find the information they needed in an organized fashion. Much of what is currently being published on th World Wide Web uses traditional paper publishing techniques overlain with lots of graphics designed to fit the needs of the MTV generation. Should we be publishing quality research information on the web? What research information should be published? What information design criteria do we use? Moreover, how do we design information for effective use and retrieval given the inherent nature of the web and the lack of sophistication in the currently available Internet search retrieval engines? What are the information management issues with which we must deal if we are to make publicly funded research information available to other researchers and to the American public?
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Dong, Xiaoying, and Louise T. Su. "SEARCH ENGINES ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL FROM THE INTERNET: A REVIEW AND EVALUATION." Online and CD-Rom Review 21, no. 2 (February 1997): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb024608.
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Hook, David. "Study of Search Engine Transaction Logs Shows Little Change in How Users use Search Engines." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 1, no. 3 (September 14, 2006): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b80014.
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A review of:
Jansen, Bernard J., and Amanda Spink. “How Are We Searching the World Wide Web? A Comparison of Nine Search Engine Transaction Logs.” Information Processing & Management 42.1 (2006): 248-263.
Objective – To examine the interactions between users and search engines, and how they have changed over time.
Design – Comparative analysis of search engine transaction logs.
Setting – Nine major analyses of search engine transaction logs.
Subjects – Nine web search engine studies (4 European, 5 American) over a seven-year period, covering the search engines Excite, Fireball, AltaVista, BWIE and AllTheWeb.
Methods – The results from individual studies are compared by year of study for percentages of single query sessions, one-term queries, operator (and, or, not, etc.) usage and single result page viewing. As well, the authors group the search queries into eleven different topical categories and compare how the breakdown has changed over time.
Main Results – Based on the percentage of single query sessions, it does not appear that the complexity of interactions has changed significantly for either the U.S.-based or the European-based search engines. As well, there was little change observed in the percentage of one-term queries over the years of study for either the U.S.-based or the European-based search engines. Few users (generally less than 20%) use Boolean or other operators in their queries, and these percentages have remained relatively stable. One area of noticeable change is in the percentage of users viewing only one results page, which has increased over the years of study. Based on the studies of the U.S.-based search engines, the topical categories of ‘People, Place or Things’ and ‘Commerce, Travel, Employment or Economy’ are becoming more popular, while the categories of ‘Sex and Pornography’ and ‘Entertainment or Recreation’ are declining.
Conclusions – The percentage of users viewing only one results page increased during the years of the study, while the percentages of single query sessions, one-term sessions and operator usage remained stable. The increase in single result page viewing implies that users are tending to view fewer results per web query. There was also a significant difference in the percentage of queries using Boolean operators between the US-based and the European-based search engines. One of the study’s findings was that results from a study of a particular search engine cannot necessarily be applied to all search engines. Finally, web search topics show a trend towards information or commerce searching rather than entertainment.
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Roshan, A., S. Agarwal, and RJA England. "Role of Information Available Over the Internet: What are the Parents of Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy Likely to Find?" Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90, no. 7 (October 2008): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588408x318129.
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INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the quality of information available on the world wide web to parents of children undergoing tonsillectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main data source was from internet searches using the five most popular search engines and the keyword ‘tonsillectomy’ with default settings. The first 50 web links in each search were evaluated with the LIDA Instrument (assessing accessibility, usability and reliability criteria). We also assessed the readability of the sites using the Flesch reading ease score (FRES). RESULTS Of the 250 possible links, 113 new links were included the remaining being repetitions, inactive links or restricted access sites. The websites had an average accessibility score of 42/63 (66.7%; range, 26–57), a usability score of 29/54 (53.7%; range, 7–49), and are liability score of 17/51 (33.3%; range, 0–49). The Flesch reading ease score was 43.8 (range, 3–84.4). CONCLUSIONS Health information available on the internet varies greatly. Highly ranked websites on popular search engines may not be the most reliable. Overall, the websites had low scores for reliability, with poor engagability, content production and conflict of interest declaration. Patients should be given previously assessed references on the internet to prevent them being misled by in accurate or commercially motivated information.
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Yamin, Fadhilah Mat, T. Ramayah, and Wan Hussain Wan Ishak. "Information Searching: The Impact of User Knowledge on User Search Behavior." Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 12, no. 03 (August 25, 2013): 1350023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219649213500238.
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The utilisation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and networked information infrastructure in a wide range of businesses and activities has increased the need for fast and reliable information. The information is vital for innovation, competition, and decision making. To date information gathering is no longer absolute from the library, nonetheless the information can be retrieved from all around the world through Internet technology. However, information searching is a tedious process. Knowledge has been identified in this paper as the important factor that affects the searching behaviour. User knowledge is measured by topic and search system understanding while searching behaviour is measured by the breadth and depth of the search query. Both knowledge reflects the true understanding of what and how to search. The breadth and depth of search query show the users' effort in completing the search. In this paper, the impact of user knowledge on search behaviour is accessed on the education domain. Final year undergraduate students were identified as the population that "grown with the web" as they are actively using the Internet to fulfil their study requirement. The findings show that user knowledge does have an impact on the search behaviour.
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Spiteri, Louise F. "Access to electronic commerce sites on the World Wide Web: an analysis of the effectiveness of six Internet search engines." Journal of Information Science 26, no. 3 (June 2000): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555150002600307.
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Lutfi, Ahmed M. "A quick analysis in relation to the electronic commerce of performance- and image-enhancing drugs based on the infrastructure of the world wide web." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i4.13977.
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Aims and Objectives: Performance- and Image-Enhancing Drugs (PIEDs) refer to all known forms of substances, that can enhance either the morphology or the physiological performance or both simultaneously. The exponential rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for PIEDs is a major public issue, for which control protocols are to be deployed.Materials and Methods: It would be a waste of time and resources to track and/or shut down all PIED-promoting websites one by one. Cyberspace is vast; the PIED “product managers” will always adapt to surveillance-control policies over their illegitimate online businesses. A more rational approach would be to track, challenge, and tackle the same resources upon which PIED electronic commerce is based: the infrastructure of the World Wide Web (the Internet).Results: Concerning PIED e-commerce, the main resources are Google and AOL (search engines); YouTube, Wikipedia, and Facebook (social media sites); and Alibaba, Amazon, and eBay (major e-commerce websites).Conclusion: Illegal PIED e-commerce became a major public problem. The major drivers are the Internet search engines, social media sites, and major e-commerce websites. Effective protocols toward these resources would hinder any future progress of this illegitimate worldwide phenomenon.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(4) 2016 88-93
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Povroznik, N. G. "WEB ARCHIVES IN RECONSTRUCTING HISTORY OF VIRTUAL MUSEUMS: POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4(51) (2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-4-95-105.
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Web archives are repositories of unique sources on the history of the information society, including the cultural segment of the World Wide Web. The relevance of studying the web history of museum information resources refers to the need to understand the past and contemporary processes of the development of the museum's digital environment in order to more effectively build strategies for future advancement with a valuable impact on society. The article, for the first time, attempts to assess the information potential of web archives for studying the web history of virtual museums and discusses the limitations that prevent the reconstruction of their web history. Web archives are designed to observe web pages and web sites saved at a certain point in time; they analyze the structure and content of the museum web, interpret the visual aids and sections' titles, and track statistics of publication activity. Tracing changes in the role and significance of the digital environment in museum activities, as well as trends in the development of museums, and predicting future trajectories are possible based on the analysis of the dynamics of museums' web content. At the same time, the peculiarities of search engines in web archives, technical restrictions, incompatibility of modern software with earlier formats, limits on scanning information on the World Wide Web to save it, uneven preservation by domain zones in the Internet Archive, and the lack of specialized web preservation programs at national and regional levels restraint the possibility of a comprehensive study of the history of virtual museums. The author concludes that it is necessary to expand national web archiving programs in favour of a more detailed preservation of the cultural segment of the web as a digital cultural heritage, as well as the content of social networks and mobile applications, for future use by researchers.
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Fargo, Hailley. "In the Growing Information Mall, Some Things Never Change." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8z66s.
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A Review of:
Fidel, R., Davies, R. K., Douglass, M. H., Holder, J. K., Hopkins, C. J., Kushner, E. J.,…. Toney, C. D. (1999). A visit to the information mall: Web searching behavior of high school students. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(1), 24-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:13.0.CO;2-W
Abstract
Objective – The research study aimed to discover high school students’ information searching behaviour on the Web and suggest Web changes that would benefit student learning. This study was conducted in 1999, seven years after the Internet was publicly available and on the cusp of Web 2.0.
Design – Field study with class observations, students thinking aloud at their terminals, and interviews with the students after their searching. The study’s duration was three class searching sessions.
Setting – West Seattle High School in Seattle, Washington. This school had a diverse population of students, with 50% students of color and many of these students first generation to finish high school. Due to a grant from Microsoft, West Seattle had operational four computer labs.
Subjects – Eleventh and twelfth graders in a horticulture class. There were eight student participants, six males and two females. Five of these students were in 12th grade and three were in 11th grade. The teacher for this class, the school librarian, and the principal of West Seattle High School were also interviewed for this project.
Methods – Qualitative, case-study method was used with controlled comparison. Team members observed the students while they searched and wrote down descriptions of the students’ searching methods. After the three observation sessions and interviews with the students, team members wrote up a case study for each student. The students’ think-aloud audio, along with all the interviews conducted, were recorded. This type of method can be considered an early version of usability testing and user experience studies, a field that has grown tremendously since 1999.
Main Results – While each student observed had a different relationship with the Web and training on how to use it, similar searching strategies emerged from all participants. These strategies included focused searching, swift and flexible searching when results were not immediately found, using a webpage as a landmark to return to while searching, starting a new search, and asking for help when needed. It should be noted that focused searching along with the swift, flexible searching were strategies influenced by student motivation to complete their homework assignment as quickly as possible. The team noted exploration of the Web was kept to a minimum and this was due to the parameters of the assignment. Team members also identified similar frustrations and joys from the students when searching the Web. The study identified three steps that should be taken to help students more effectively navigate the Web. The steps included an increase in formal teaching on Web searching, embedded support in the Web to help students search, and relying on graphics to strengthen a Web experience.
Conclusion – Authors noted the possibilities the World Wide Web has to offer, especially in a school context. However, in order to fully maximize those possibilities, the Web needs to take into account user experiences and information seeking behaviour, along with an increase in training on how to use the Web.
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Mittal, Deepak Kumar. "NOWADAYS: THE ROLE OF INTERNET FOR PROPAGATION AND PROLIFERATION OF MUSIC." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1SE (January 31, 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1se.2015.3391.
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In present day internet play a very important role for propagation and proliferation of music in India and world-wide. With the help of internet media we can get each and every information about the music at home. Many websites and softwares are available on internet browsing for music searching, watching, listening, reading and learning.Google search are best source for searching and type documents of music, YouTube (youtube is a video-sharing website), Skype (Skype is a tele communications application software that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls from computers via the Internet, Online radio (All major Indian and others FM radio stations ready for you to enjoy music and much more), E-Journals (Electronic journals are scholarly journals or intellectual magazines that can be accessed via electronic transmission. In practice, this means that they are usually published on the Web), Online and Downloading websites, Social network websites (for exchange messages, post status updates and photos, share videos and receive notifications when others update their profiles, Marketing websites for purchasing music products and accessories
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Abdelbaki, Issam, El habib Benlahmar, and El Houssine Labriji. "Custom Fusion Methode Based on Borda." International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES) 4, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijes.v4i3.6300.
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<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Searching for information on the Internet is not only an activity newly rediscovered, but also a strategic tool to achieve a wide variety of information. Indeed, it’s extremely important to know how to find the information quickly and efficiently. Unfortunately, the Web is so huge and so little structured, that gathering precise, fair and useful information becomes an expensive task. In order to define an information retrieval tool (meta search engine) that brings together multiple sources of information search, interest must be credited to the merger phase of search engines results. On the other hand, information search systems tend primarily to model the user with a profile and then to integrate it into the information access chain, to better meet its specific needs. </span></p><p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">This paper presents a custom fusion method based on Borda method and values retrieved from the user profile. We evaluated our approach on multiple domains and we present some experimental results.</span></p>
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Argelagós, Esther, and Manoli Pifarré. "Key Information-Problem Solving Skills to Learn in Secondary Education: A Qualitative, Multi-Case Study." Journal of Education and Learning 5, no. 4 (July 13, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n4p1.
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<p>Internet has become one of the most important information sources for students’ personal and academic life. In addition, the World Wide Web is receiving increased attention in education because of its potential to support new forms of learning. However, using the information from the net for learning requires the development of a set of abilities such as searching and tackling information from the Internet to find solutions of a problem—this set of abilities is called Information-Problem Solving (IPS) skills. The main objectives of this study are the following three: first, to provide a detailed description about how secondary students solve an IPS task; second, to identify key IPS skills, sub-skills, and regulation activities that have more incidence upon students’ success to solve a problem using digital information on the Web; and third, to use this information to draw educative guidelines to design web-based instructional process and foster IPS in secondary classrooms. In-depth analyses of quantitative and qualitative data of a multi-case study allowed us to identify distinctive patterns and sequences of IPS skills used by students to solve a task. Furthermore, IPS skills (defining the problem and search for information), sub-skills (specifying search terms and selecting results from a SERP), and regulation activities (orientation on the task, monitoring, and testing) were identified as key skills which have more incidence in students to solve successfully IPS tasks to learn curricular contents at school.</p>
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Boppana, Venugopal, and Sandhya P. "Focused crawling from the basic approach to context aware notification architecture." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp492-498.
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<p><span lang="EN-IN">The large and wide range of information has become a tough time for crawlers and search engines to extract related information. This paper discusses about focused crawlers also called as topic specific crawler and variations of focused crawlers leading to distributed architecture, i.e., context aware notification architecture. To get the relevant pages from a huge amount of information available in the internet we use the focused crawler. This can bring out the relevant pages for the given topic with less number of searches in a short time. Here the input to the focused crawler is a topic specified using exemplary documents, but not using the keywords. Focused crawlers avoid the searching of all the web documents instead it searches over the links that are relevant to the crawler boundary. The Focused crawling mechanism helps us to save CPU time to large extent to keep the crawl up-to-date.</span></p>
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RAJA,, WASEEM, and SIDRA WAHEED. "WEBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 01 (November 6, 2018): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.01.625.
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Objective: To search for the websites available on the World-Wide-Web that contain resources for scientific medical writingicluding medical writing advices, online biomedical journals, refrence and citation guidelines and biostatistics webpages. Methods:Yahoo, Google scholar and Scirus search engines were used by entering the search terms “medical writing resources”, “biostatistics“and “citation guideslines” during the Period: June 2008 to December 2008. Results: Many websites were found containing instructionsto authors in health sciences(http://www.icmje.org/ ,http://mulford.meduohio.edu/ instr/, http://amwadvc.org/,http://www.councilscience-editors.org/, http://www.medweb.emory.edu/, http://www.writers write.com/medical/,http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/, http://www.au thoraid.info/ http://www.equator-network.org/.), resources for online biomedicaljournals(www.pakmedinet.com, FreeMedicalJournals.com, PubMedECntal.com, findarticle.com) biostatistics information(http://interstat.statjournals.net, www.bmj.com/statbk/ http://statpages.org/, www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa) and reference guidelines((www.apastyle.org, http://library.duke.edu/research/citing/, http://www.library.ualber ta.ca/guides/citation/index.cfm,http://www.osu.edu/,). Conclusions: With the recent advancements in online availability of biomedical resources, internet may help a lotin putting up a research work into an article form and getting it published.
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Turner, Thomas P., and Lise Brackbill. "Rising to the Top: Evaluating the Use of the HTML META Tag to Improve Retrieval of World Wide Web Documents through Internet Search Engines." Library Resources & Technical Services 42, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.42n4.258.
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Brown, Nancy A. "Information on telemedicine." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 11, no. 3 (April 1, 2005): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633053688714.
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Although the practice of telemedicine is still not considered part of mainstream health care, there has been a steady growth in information about telemedicine since 1999. The increasing body of literature about telemedicine, the staying power of various telemedicine societies and Websites, and the growing number of well-attended conferences about telemedicine all attest that interest in and the practice of telemedicine worldwide are very much alive and well. Searching for information has also become easier with the advent of better and faster search engines, particularly Google. Nonetheless, many Websites are out of date and the semantic confusion between 'telemedicine' and other terms such as 'telehealth' means that considerable perseverance is required to sift the wheat from the chaff. There is a wide variety of both electronic and print resources that have proven to be reliable sources of information. These include: the Internet (Web), books and reports, journals and trade magazines, telemedicine societies and conferences. While telemedicine cannot yet be considered to be part of mainstream health care, it has become a more familiar part of health terminology worldwide.
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Crosier, Scott J., Michael F. Goodchild, Linda L. Hill, and Terence R. Smith. "Developing an Infrastructure for Sharing Environmental Models." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30, no. 4 (August 2003): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b12831.
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The Internet and the World Wide Web offer a new solution to the problem of sharing scientific knowledge. Unlike traditional libraries based on print media, these new technologies facilitate the sharing of any information that can be expressed in a binary alphabet. Environmental models expressed as computer codes are instances of such information objects, and codes are the last of a four-stage process of model formulation. The transition to digital technologies changes the relative importance of the four stages. We present a six-stage model of the process of searching for information in distributed digital libraries. Search is made possible by metadata, which serve several distinct purposes, including description of the contents of information objects and their fitness for specified use, and the details needed to make use of information objects once accessed and retrieved. We present a straw-man structure for model metadata, explain the process used in its development, and invite its evaluation.
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Anaya-Aguilar, Rosa, German Gemar, and Carmen Anaya-Aguilar. "Usability Analysis of Andalusian Spas’ Websites." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042307.
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Health tourism is booming all over the world, and thermal spa tourism in Spain is a type of tourism aimed at integrating with nature, achieving sustainable development. In general, its facilities are located in areas specially protected by environmental legislation. This tourism sector attracts an increasingly wide market segment that has become more demanding and better informed and that more frequently uses the Internet to gather information. Tourists’ shopping and consumption habits are increasingly influenced by new information and communication technologies (ICTs), making these a topic of interest among academics and professionals. Website development has been shown to be an area of innovation for spa facilities, but evidence has also been found that this sector has experienced difficulty in adopting ICTs. This research sought to analyse spa websites’ usability by conducting an exploratory investigation of different websites’ contents. The results reveal that the use of new web technologies by spas is underdeveloped, although these facilities have achieved good positions in Internet search engines due to the synergistic effect of the official tourism websites. That is why most of them tell their story, detail their nature and the protection of their spaces. In this way, spas turn their websites into communication channels that convey to tourists their commitment to the environment and sustainable development.
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Oderiy, Oleksiy, and Oleksiy Kozhevnikov. "GETTING CRIMINALLY SIGNIFICANT BY ANALYSIS OF OPEN INTERNET SOURCES." Law Journal of Donbass 73, no. 4 (2020): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-144-155.
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The article considers OSINT (Open source intelligence) technology, which is intelligence based on open sources. Development of digital means of photo and video recording, led to the emergence of a large number of media files that reproduce the objective situation at different intervals of time and space. Based on the analysis, it is proved that Open source intelligence can be successfully used by law enforcement agencies to solve specific forensic problems. Its advantages are identified, which are as follows: 1) its use does not require additional financial costs for: a) purchase of special equipment and software, because it is enough to have access to the World Wide Web and PC workstation (smartphone, tablet); b) training of certain specialists, as OSINT technology is quite simple both in mastering and in processing the source and obtaining forensic information; 2) it is freely available, and therefore can be used not only by law enforcement agencies (government officials), but also by private detectives, volunteers, etc.; 3) its use (under certain conditions) does not violate the rights of citizens. Practical examples of application of online services on search of the persons fixed on a photo or video images on anthropometric data are resulted. There are four main stages of the process of searching for people by appearance on the mentioned technology. It was stated that using OSINT technology, forensic experts of the Kharkiv Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the period from October 2019 to February 2020 identified 22 people (from more than 95 researched materials), evidence in criminal proceedings. Of course, the information obtained during the monitoring of social networks can be used in the investigation of criminal proceedings, in which to solve the problem of identifying a person by appearance, appropriate examinations will be appointed. It is proposed to create interdepartmental analytical and search groups m the system of bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
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Chandurkar, Avani, and Ajay Bansal. "A Composite Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval Approach to Question Answering Using a Structured Knowledge Base." International Journal of Semantic Computing 11, no. 03 (September 2017): 345–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x17400141.
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With the inception of the World Wide Web, the amount of data present on the Internet is tremendous. This makes the task of navigating through this enormous amount of data quite difficult for the user. As users struggle to navigate through this wealth of information, the need for the development of an automated system that can extract the required information becomes urgent. This paper presents a Question Answering system to ease the process of information retrieval. Question Answering systems have been around for quite some time and are a sub-field of information retrieval and natural language processing. The task of any Question Answering system is to seek an answer to a free form factual question. The difficulty of pinpointing and verifying the precise answer makes question answering more challenging than simple information retrieval done by search engines. The research objective of this paper is to develop a novel approach to Question Answering based on a composition of conventional approaches of Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language processing (NLP). The focus is on using a structured and annotated knowledge base instead of an unstructured one. The knowledge base used here is DBpedia and the final system is evaluated on the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) 2004 questions dataset.
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Li, Tse Yan, Xiaoli Gao, Kin Wong, Christine Shuk Kwan Tse, and Ying Yee Chan. "Learning Clinical Procedures Through Internet Digital Objects: Experience of Undergraduate Students Across Clinical Faculties." JMIR Medical Education 1, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mededu.3866.
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Background Various digital learning objects (DLOs) are available via the World Wide Web, showing the flow of clinical procedures. It is unclear to what extent these freely accessible Internet DLOs facilitate or hamper students’ acquisition of clinical competence. Objective This study aimed to understand the experience of undergraduate students across clinical disciplines—medicine, dentistry, and nursing—in using openly accessible Internet DLOs, and to investigate the role of Internet DLOs in facilitating their clinical learning. Methods Mid-year and final-year groups were selected from each undergraduate clinical degree program of the University of Hong Kong—Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS), and Bachelor of Nursing (BNurs). All students were invited to complete a questionnaire on their personal and educational backgrounds, and their experiences and views on using Internet DLOs in learning clinical procedures. The questionnaire design was informed by the findings of six focus groups. Results Among 439 respondents, 97.5% (428/439) learned a variety of clinical procedures through Internet DLOs. Most nursing students (107/122, 87.7%) learned preventive measures through Internet DLOs, with a lower percentage of medical students (99/215, 46.0%) and dental students (43/96, 45%) having learned them this way (both P<.001). Three-quarters (341/439, 77.7%) of students accessed DLOs through public search engines, whereas 93.2% (409/439) accessed them by watching YouTube videos. Students often shared DLOs with classmates (277/435, 63.7%), but rarely discussed them with teachers (54/436, 12.4%). The accuracy, usefulness, and importance of Internet DLOs were rated as 6.85 (SD 1.48), 7.27 (SD 1.53), and 7.13 (SD 1.72), respectively, out of a high score of 10. Conclusions Self-exploration of DLOs in the unrestricted Internet environment is extremely common among current e-generation learners and was regarded by students across clinical faculties as an important supplement to their formal learning in the planned curriculum. This trend calls for a transformation of the educator’s role from dispensing knowledge to guidance and support.
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Ryabichev, Vyacheslav. "Content Verification in Social Media." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 18 (2015): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2015.18.44-61.
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The main objectives of the study are: elaboration of the operative algorithm for professional online journalists under information warfare (IW) conditions; analysis of the modern methods and tools for the effective verification of information; application of the decision support systems (DSS) for the content distribution in social media; specification of the set of rules for network reporters to itemize their activity. In this study the issue of verifying the information received from the World Wide Web is analysed, in particular, the information spread during the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in 2014–2015. We also present and justify some modern means of counteracting the spread of intentionally distorted information and hostile propaganda. We focus on using content analysis, comparative analysis, full-text searching, pattern recognition, and open-source intelligence (OSINT) method. Through using specific facts and findings we analyse the features of the work of an online journalist during the warfare and modern digital tools for content search, verification, comparison and analysis. The results and conclusions of this investigation allow generalizing and structuring some methods and techniques of content verification. A number of rules and helpful hints for enhancing the efficiency of online journalists are proposed. Current trends in development of social media allow predicting further increase of the Internet audience and consequently an increasing amount of information on the web. With the development of citizen journalism (street journalism) in Ukraine, the significance level of journalistic responsibility for information dissemination in mass media has been constantly increasing. Out of a huge amount of reports and data, a journalist must be able to identify the most accurate and up-to-date ones, check them promptly, and distribute on cross-media platforms. Under such conditions, an online reporter is obliged to possess modern skills of dealing with digital tools for content verification, and to keep in contact with experts whom he can ask for advice.
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Štreimikis, Antanas, Vilius Kučiukas, Aleksandras Targamadzė, Albertas Žalys, and Stanislovas Žurauskas. "Lietuvos akademinė e. biblioteka (eLABa)." Informacijos mokslai 40 (January 1, 2007): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2007.0.3472.
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Greita ir patogi prieiga prie mokslo ir studijø literatûros ir kitos informacijos pagerina studijas, mokslinius tyrimus ir bendravimà. Naudojantis internetu, pasauliniu þiniatinkliu, susisiekimo árankiais ir paieðkos sistemomis, nebûtina vykti á bibliotekà, laukti, kol atneð knygà, ir gaiðti laikà kataloguose ieðkant reikiamo ðaltinio. Kiekvienas skaitytojas norëtø skaityti jam priimtinu laiku ir patogiausioje vietoje. Lietuvos akademinë e. biblioteka (eLABa) skirta Lietuvos mokslo institucijoms, jø autoriai kuria mokslines ir studijø publikacijas, kurias reikia ákelti, kataloguoti, saugoti ir pateikti skaitytojams bei kitoms informacinëms sistemoms. Siekiamas eLABa rezultatas – naudojant informacines ir komunikacines technologijas sparèiau skleisti naujausias mokslo þinias ir mokomàjà medþiagà, gerinti moksliniø tyrimø ir studijø kokybæ, plëtoti nuotolines ir visà gyvenimà trunkanèias studijas, propaguoti Lietuvos mokslininkø, mokslo ir studijø institucijø veiklà ir pasiekimus, ugdyti þiniø visuomenæ ir plëtoti þiniø ekonomikà, tobulinti bendro visuomenës gyvenimo kokybæ. eLABa kuriama plëtojant Lietuvos akademiniø bibliotekø tinklà (LABT) ir ágyvendinant Europos Sàjungos struktûriniø fondø remiamus projektus. Lithuanian academic e-library (eLABa)Antanas Štreimikis, Vilius Kučiukas, Aleksandras Targamadzė, Albertas Žalys, Stanislovas Žurauskas SummaryQuick and comfortable access to scientific literature and information improves higher education, research and communication. Using the internet, World Wide Web, information search tools there is no necessity to go to the library, wait until the book is delivered to you and waste time while searching for the source you need in the catalogue. Every reader would like to read at the time and place most convenient to him. The Lithuanian Academic e-Library (eLABa) is designed for the personnel of Lithuanian research institutions who write publications on research and higher education that are to be submitted, archived, catalogued and presented to the readers and other systems.The aim of eLABa is, by the use of information and communication technologies, to develop favourable conditions to disseminate more rapidly the newest scientific knowledge and learning material, to improve the quality of research and higher education processes, to develop distance and lifelong learning, to promote the activity and achievements of Lithuanian institutions of research and science and higher education, to educate e-Society and develop knowledge economy, to improve the quality of society’s life in general. eLABa is being created developing the Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT) and implementing the projects funded by the European Union Structural Funds.line-height: 18px;">
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Friedman, Steven M. "Albert Einstein online." First Monday, February 3, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i2.509.
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The power of the World Wide Web, it is commonly believed, lies in the vast information it makes available; "Content is king," the mantra runs. This image creates the conception of the Internet as most of us envision it: a vast, horizontal labyrinth of pages which connect almost arbitrarily to each other, creating a system believed to be "democratic" in which anyone can publish Web pages. I am proposing a new, vertical and hierarchical conception of the Web, observing the fact that almost everyone searching for information on the Web has to go through filter Web sites of some sort, such as search engines, to find it. The Albert Einstein Online Web site provides a paradigm for this re-conceptualization of the Web, based on a distinction between the wealth of information and that which organizes it and frames the viewers' conceptions of the information. This emphasis on organization implies that we need a new metaphor for the Internet; the hierarchical "Tree" would be more appropriate organizationally than a chaotic "Web." This metaphor needs to be changed because the current one implies an anarchic and random nature to the Web, and this implication may turn off potential Netizens, who can be scared off by such overwhelming anarchy and the difficulty of finding information.
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"Efficient Search Mechanism from Large Scale Corpora for Domain-Specific Language Modeling in Speech Recognition." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8, no. 6 (August 30, 2019): 1682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f8416.088619.
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With the Internet and the World Wide Web revolution, large corpora in variety of forms are germinating ceaselessly that can be manifested as big data. One obligatory area for the usage of such large corpora is language modeling for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. Language modeling is an indispensable module in speech recognition architecture, which plays a vital role in reducing the search space during the recognition process. Additionally, the language model that is contiguous to the domain of the speech can dwindle the search space and escalate the recognition accuracy. In this paper, an efficient searching mechanism for domain-specific document retrieval from the large corpora has been elucidated using Elasticsearch which is a distributed and an efficient search engine for big data. This assisted us in tuning the language model in accordance with the domain and also by reducing the search time by more than 90% in comparison to conventional search and retrieval mechanism used in our earlier work. A word level and a phrase level retrieval process for creating domain-specific language model has been implemented. The evaluation of the system is performed on the basis of word error rate (WER) and perplexity (PPL) of the speech recognition system. The results shows nearly 10% decrease on WER and a major reduction in the PPL that helped in boosting the performance of the speech recognition process. From the results, it can be consummated that Elasticsearch is an efficient mechanism for domain specific document retrieval from large corpora rather than using topic modeling toolkits