Academic literature on the topic 'Interns – economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interns – economic aspects"
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Xuan Bien, Do, Do Thi Thu Hien, and Chau Ngoc Thai. "Japanese Technical Intern Training Program: Problems and Recommendations." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i4.631.
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Labor export is acknowledged as a socio-economic development strategy of Vietnam. Since 2017, the number of Vietnamese intern trainees in Japan has been rapidly increasing, making Vietnam the top country that sends interns to Japan. The increase benefits both countries. However, in addition to the benefits, a number of problems related to the implementation of the program are remaining, particularly the increasing number of overstaying of Vietnamese trainnees. Previously, several research has examined the reasons of this phenomenon but mainly focused on economic aspects. This paper aims at exploring the causes of this phenomenon by examining the ambiguity of the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP). The paper firstly introduce the primary goals and implementation of the TITPcontributes to the overstaying of Vietnamese interns. Secondly, the paper examines the differences between the TITP's goals and its implementation as well as how the inconsistencies contribute to the illegal stay of Vietnamese intern trainees. Finally, the paper will propose some practical solutions to minimize the flee and illegal stay of Vietnamese trainees in Japan hence, improving the effectiveness of this program.
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Pikuza, O. I., A. M. Zakirova, and N. K. Shoshina. "Actual aspects of medical ethics in training of the pediatrician." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 3 (June 15, 2014): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1538.
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Nowadays the problems of medical ethics are gaining the special significance as a result of changes in social and economic relations, healthcare modernization due to appearance of new effective methods for instrumental and laboratory examinations, treatment approaches, development of market relations in medicine. The aim of the presented paper is to cover the actual aspects of medical ethics in pediatrics. The paper reviews the ethical aspects of the work of a in detail. Differentiated approach in choosing pediatrician interns, which is based not only on academic progress, but also on professional and moral qualities of the medical university alumni and continuity in their upbringing starting form the first years of the medical school until the end of post-graduate education, seems rationale. It is during the student years when the cognitive and moral values of a forthcoming specialist are formed, which may be a criterion of a suitability of working with children. The roles of the competition, including the modular approach to knowledge evaluation, professional competencies and rating system are stressed. Considering the modern requirements to a young professional, the accent is made on the role of the leading tutor in a forthcoming specialist formation. The requirements to a higher education teacher and the importance of the moral atmosphere in hospitals and faculties for forming the ethical features of a forthcoming pediatrician and improving his/her professional level according to the medical progress are outlined. Thus, teaching pediatrics has a lot of particularities, including teaching the basics of medical ethics, having an extremely important role in professional education of pediatricians for proper forming of the young professional according to contemporary life requirements.
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Achintya, B., M. Sukanta, M. Mahul, and Avijit p. "Assessment of Medico-legal Knowledge among Internees of a Medical College, Kolkata: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine 46, no. 1 (2024): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jiafm.2024.46.1.19.
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Medical professionals around the world are encountering medico-legal issues in their daily practices. This is particularly problematic as patients or consumers are becoming increasingly aware of their rights. The term "medico-legal" refers to the intersection of two professions: medicine and law. It encompasses the legal and ethical duties of physicians as well as the medico-legal assessment of patients to ensure the smooth functioning of society. The consequences of an uninformed doctor making a mistake can be severe. Therefore, it is imperative that medical professionals have a thorough understanding of their rights and responsibilities. Addressing the issue of inadequate knowledge of legal medicine and the legal aspects of medical practice is critical and should be dealt with promptly. This present study was done to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding medico-legal issues among the internees of Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata and to make the future medical professionals aware regarding their medico-legal responsibilities. An institution based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among internees of Calcutta National Medical College. Internees who were absent on the days of data collection, unwilling to give consent were excluded from the study. Data were collected by using a pre-designed, pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire. The study was conducted among 195 interns of Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata. Among them 115 (59%) were male, 173 (88.7%) were below the age of 25 years, 16 (8.2%) belonged to middle to lower socio-economic class and 110 (56.4%) were residing in hostel. Only 60 (30.8%) students showed interest in doing internship in Forensic Medicine &Toxicology (FMT). About one-third of study subjects 55 (28.2%) had inadequate knowledge regarding medico-legal aspects. While assessing knowledge regarding medico-legal aspects overall mean score was 13.96 ± 2.67. The study revealed that upper socio-economic class (p=0.043), doing internship in FMT (p=0.041) were found to be statistically significant. Multi-nominal bivariate analysis showed that students who did internship in FMT department had better medico-legal knowledge than others.The objective of the current study was to assess the level of knowledge of medico-legal aspects among future medical professionals. The results indicated that completing a residency in the FMT department positively impacted their understanding of medico-legal issues. To address any knowledge gaps and increase awareness of legal aspects, it is recommended that the optional rotatory internship in FMT be made compulsory. This would ensure that all medical professionals have a comprehensive understanding of various legal aspects.
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López-Santamaría, Mónica, Marietta Bucheli Gómez, Merlin Patricia Grueso Hinestroza, and Edison Jair Duque Oliva. "Antecedentes de la reputación empresarial interna: el caso de una Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito colombiana." REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos 137 (January 15, 2021): e71865. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/reve.71865.
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La construcción de la reputación empresarial comienza desde el interior de las organizaciones ya que, desarrollar una reputación interna favorable puede impulsar una dinámica de boca a boca positiva por parte de los grupos de interés internos. No obstante, aún existe escasa evidencia empírica respecto a la identificación de los factores determinantes de la reputación empresarial interna en el sector de la Economía Social y Solidaria. En consecuencia, este estudio tiene el propósito de identificar los antecedentes de la reputación empresarial desde la perspectiva de los grupos de interés internos en cuatro seccionales de una Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito colombiana. Para lograr el objetivo, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, en el que participaron siete grupos focales conformados por gerentes, trabajadores y miembros del Consejo de Administración. Para analizar la información obtenida se realizó un análisis de contenido de tipo temático en dos momentos y tres fases. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los antecedentes de la reputación empresarial identificados por los participantes en el estudio son: 1) la calidad de los servicios prestados (oportunidad, servicio personalizado y calidez en la atención), 2) la cultura organizacional, relacionada con la dinámica familiar y los valores cooperativos que la fundamentan y 3) la apropiación de la identidad organizacional, que comprende la definición del perfil del asociado y el sentido de pertenencia. En las conclusiones se discuten los aspectos que hacen a las cooperativas diferentes de sus competidores y se plantean nuevas líneas de investigación.
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Fairlie, Alan. "Relaciones comerciales con la Unión Europea en el Spaghetti-bowl de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones." Economia 30, no. 59-60 (April 4, 2007): 11–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.200701.001.
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El artículo reflexiona sobre el rol que tiene la Unión Europea como factor de cohesión, teniendo en cuenta que las relaciones no se limitan al plano comercial, especialmente en un contexto en el cual la Comunidad Andina de Naciones ha tenido dificultades no solo en su proceso de consolidación interna sino también en aquel que tiene como fin forjar una política exterior común. Se discute también algunas diferencias con el TLC con los Estados Unidos y las relaciones de estos acuerdos norte-sur con laintegración regional.De otro lado, se hace un balance de los flujos de comercio, inversión y cooperación entre la UE y la CAN, lo que evidencia la importancia fundamental que tienen estos vínculos, más allá de pérdidas coyunturales de peso relativo, en el aspecto comercial.Si bien existen limitaciones, más allá de las restricciones europeas o externas, estas son fundamentalmente de carácter interno: oferta exportable insuficiente, competitividad, infraestructura, etcétera.
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Paiva, Ely Laureano. "COEVOLUÇÃO E COMPETÊNCIAS OPERACIONAIS: VISÃO PRESENTE E OPORTUNIDADES DE PESQUISAS FUTURAS." Revista Alcance 24, no. 2 (August 11, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/alcance.v24n2.p164-174.
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A discussão sobre criação e desenvolvimento de competências preferencialmente tem seguido um foco interno à empresa com grande influência da visão-baseada em recursos. Por sua vez, estudos influenciados pela Economia Industrial indicam o ambiente externo como o aspecto chave para o desenvolvimento de competências e busca de novas tecnologias. Este artigo se propõe a discutir como competências operacionais são desenvolvidas a partir da abordagem de coevolução, que combina aspectos internos e externos como fontes propulsoras para o desenvolvimento de competências nas empresas. A comparação dos quatro níveis dos estágios coevolutivos com os estágios competitivos em operações mostra que em níveis mais avançados há um processo amplo de aprendizado e interação entre os atores envolvidos.
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Ruiz Cardona, David X., and Sandra Mena-Candelaria. "Impacto de la inversión extranjera directa, capital humano en el crecimiento económico de Puerto Rico." Ad-gnosis 12, no. 12 (April 28, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/adgnosis.12.12.569.
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Durante las pasadas décadas se han experimentado eventos disruptivos, que han traído cambios drásticos en la economía, calidad de vida y otros aspectos en la humanidad. Puerto Rico no ha sido la excepción y por ser una isla y ser un territorio estadounidense limita para negociaciones con países externos. En el pasado, la isla tenía incentivos económicos que le permitían desarrollar la economía y atraer inversión extranjera directa. Es de interés ver como ambas variables han variado en los periodos de esta investigación. La misma tiene como objetivo general explorar la relación entre la Inversión en el Capital Humano y la Inversión Extranjera Directa en la isla y cómo impacta en el desarrollo económico medido por el Producto Interno Bruto. La metodología de esta investigación es cuantitativa utilizando las bases de datos gubernamentales y analizando los datos mediante modelos de regresión múltiple divididos en tres periodos históricos para comparar entre sí las variables de estudio, inversión en el capital humano e inversión extranjera directa contra el producto interno bruto para determinar si alguna tiene un impacto positivo en el crecimiento económico de la isla. El hallazgo principal es que, en los periodos analizados, la inversión en el capital humano y la inversión extranjera directa aportaron al crecimiento económico de Puerto Rico, siendo el capital humano la variable de mayor impacto.
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Samia Mouachi, Saadia Karroumi, Assia Ait idar, Kaoutar Elouazzani, Imane Adali, and Fatiha Manoudi. "Moral harassment in university hospital of Marrakesh: Epidemiological investigation." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.2609.
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Introduction: moral harassment in the workplace is a growing phenomenon worldwide. Leymann defined it as a form of psychological terrorism that manifests itself over a relatively long period of hostile words or actions expressed or manifested by one or more people towards a third person (target) at work. It causes damaging consequences on the mental and physical workers health, with negative economic impacts on the company. Objectives: our objective was to study the epidemiological characteristics, the clinical aspects, and the consequences of moral harassment among the medical and paramedical staff of the Mohammed VI university hospital in Marrakech. Methods: We carried out a descriptive transversal study over six months covering 329 caregivers working at the Mohammed VI university hospital in Marrakech. The support of the investigation was an individual, and a strictly anonymous questionnaire containing the French version validated by the questionnaire of Leymann entitled Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror; sociodemographic, mental health, and professional data were also collected. Results: In our study, the prevalence of moral harassment was 27.5%, according to Leymann's criteria (exposure to at least one situation, at least once a week for at least six months). Moral violence targets were between 25 to 35 years old (76%) and less than five years seniority (55%). The victims were represented mainly by residents (65.5%) and interns (33%). There was no correlation between sex and exposure to psychological violence (p=0,36). The supervisor was the main harasser (80%). Anxiety, depression, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder had been the most observed consequences on the mental health of victims. Conclusion: Moral harassment at work seems, by its prevalence, to invade the hospital environment, and young doctors constitute a particular target. Exposure to this phenomenon has a negative impact on an individual's mental health. Our results are alarming enough to prompt us to continue investigating and put in place recommendations to limit and prevent the consequences.
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Garavito, Cecilia. "Empleo, salarios reales y producto: 1970-1995." Economia 20, no. 39-40 (March 18, 1997): 293–350. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.199701.007.
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El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar las conexiones entre elmercado laboral y el crecimiento de la economía limena durante el periodo1970-1995. Un primer aspecto es que el mercado de trabajo influye indirectamentesobre el producto a través del efecto de los salarios reales sobre lademanda interna y sobre la competitividad externa. Este doble papel que tienenlas remuneraciones reales es mediatizado por las instituciones laborales. Unsegundo aspecto es determinar si el crecimiento de la economía se traduce enun crecimiento del empleo en el sector moderno. Por medio de un análisis decointegración encontramos que el salario real y el gasto real del gobierno enremuneraciones tienen un efecto positivo en el producto, mientras que el tipode cambio real tiene un efecto negativo. En cuanto al empleo, encontramosque existe una relación de largo plazo positiva con el producto, la cual semantiene a pesar de la subestimación del empleo del sector moderno hacia elfinal del periodo. Asimismo, por medio de pruebas de estabilidad obtenidasa partir de la estimación de los respectivos modelos de corrección de errores,encontramos que los recientes cambios en las instituciones laborales aún notienen un efecto apreciable sobre las relaciones analizadas.
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Romeo Sáez, Luis María. "Aspectos psicosociales, económicos y culturales que explican el frió interés con que los profesionales acogen las materias de prevención de riesgos profesionales." Informes de la Construcción 44, no. 423 (February 28, 1993): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1993.v44.i423.1205.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interns – economic aspects"
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Ghosh, Sugata. "Aspects of macroeconomic policy in closed and open economies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321337.
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Hudon, Marek. "Ethics and public policy in microfinance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210639.
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This thesis is made of two parts. Part I (Chapter 1 to 3) focuses on the ethical aspects of the current challenges in microfinance. Chapter 1 addresses the question of the place and importance of credit in development policies, through the debate on the right to credit. Chapter 2 and 3 then question the fairness of the interest rates charged by the microfinance institutions. Chapter 2 analyzes whether the fairness criteria depend on more basic principles of justice, such as Rawls’ principles described in A Theory of Justice (Rawsl, 1976). Chapter 3 then reviews some of the implicit and explicit definitions of fair interest rates and proposes an original methodology, with David Gauthiers’ contractuarian theory. It determines what a fair interest rate would be when lending to the poor. Based on the results of the two first chapters, Part II (Chapter 4 to 6) focuses on the role of donors in microfinance. Chapters 4 and 5 use two original databases, of 67 and 100 MFIs respectively to study the impact of subsidies on the MFIs’ management, through their rating evaluation (Chapter 4) and MFIs’ performance and management decisions (Chapter 5). Chapter 4 will analyze the relationship between the quality of management, as rated by a specialized agency, and the amount of subsidies. Chapter 5 will study pricing policy, the clientele and the potential moral hazard of subsidized institutions. Concluding this analysis, Chapter 6 gives some guidelines on the use of donor subsidies, especially in their interaction with the new private commercial actors, such as investment funds.
Doctorat en sciences de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Lostorto, Mariagiulia. "Ottimizzazione Pool combustibili per consumi interni di una raffineria, in relazione agli aspetti economici e ambientali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/981/.
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Cordeiro, Matheus Baldo. "O impacto de aspectos internos e externos no desempenho das subsidiárias de empresas Multinacionais em período de crise econômica." Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing, 2016. http://tede2.espm.br/handle/tede/196.
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In an increasingly globalized world, firm internationalization has become a major strategy for companies to be competitive in the market. However, firms are facing turbulent times such as economic crisis. The recession effects are extensively studied in the economic field and it proves that these periods are inevitable. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies in the management field, considering the economic crisis effects, and even more particularly, focusing on the multinational enterprises’ subsidiaries performance during recession times. This study intends to analyze and comprehend which are the relevant aspects for these subsidiaries to achieve a good performance and, therefore, they remain competitive during economic crisis in the market they operate. To investigate the effect, we analyze the case of Japanese subsidiaries located in the European market during pre-crisis and post-crisis, that started in the US and spread all over the world. It was used longitudinal data including the years between 2006 and 2013. A linear regression with panel data and fixed effects had been applied to generate the models used for the analysis. The results show how internal aspects related to accumulated experience, entry mode considering the same nationality of partners and the amount of expatriated staffs, as well as macroeconomic external aspects involving low inflation rate and population income indicators, impacted positively in the Japanese subsidiary performance during crisis periods. The performance is also higher when considering pre-crisis period.
Em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado, a internacionalização de empresas tem se tornando cada vez mais uma importante estratégia para ser competitivo no mercado. Entretanto, as empresas se deparam com períodos de turbulência, como as crises econômicas. Os efeitos de recessões são bastante estudados na área econômica e provam que estes períodos são inevitáveis. Porém, nota-se uma escassez de estudos na área de administração, que considerem o efeito da crise econômica e, mais ainda, no que tange ao desempenho de subsidiárias estrangeiras de empresas multinacionais durante este período recessivo. Este estudo tem o intuito de analisar e compreender quais os aspectos relevantes para que estas subsidiárias obtenham um bom desempenho e assim se mantenham competitivas durante as crises econômicas no mercado em que atuam. Para investigar este efeito, foi analisado o comportamento das subsidiárias estrangeiras de empresas japonesas localizadas no continente europeu nos períodos pré- e pós-crise econômica, que se iniciou nos Estados Unidos em 2008 e se estendeu para todo o mundo. Utilizou-se de dados longitudinais englobando o período de 2006 a 2013. Foi empregada a regressão múltipla com dados em painel com efeitos fixos para a geração dos modelos utilizados para análise. Os resultados mostram que aspectos internos relacionados ao acúmulo da experiência local, modo de entrada utilizando parceiros da mesma nacionalidade e a quantidade de expatriados, como também aspectos externos macroeconômicos como menor taxa de inflação e indicadores de renda da população, impactam positivamente no desempenho da subsidiária estrangeira durante o período da crise. Esta performance também se mostra superior nos anos que antecedem a crise econômica.
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Rondón, Torres Helbert Tadeo. "Variación de la demanda turística interna. El caso de la región Puno 2003-2012." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9117.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorPlantea que los objetivos del estudio fueron alcanzados y se efectúo la cuantificación de las relaciones entre las variables, su análisis estructural, y estimamos el predictor de la demanda turística correspondiente utilizando el método econométrico de los mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y el análisis de varianza para probar la hipótesis. Los resultados se obtienen, utilizando el análisis de regresión múltiple, y mostraron que el predictor hallado no es el mejor para nuestro planteamiento inicial, y que es mucho mejor utilizar el análisis de regresión simple, tomando una a una cada variable explicativa. Al efectuar esta alternativa de análisis los estimadores resultantes; turistas vs. ingresos y turistas vs. inversiones, dieron altos niveles de confiabilidad y significancia. Se concluye que el ingreso disponible de las familias y las inversiones turísticas explican el número de turistas residentes que componen la demanda turística; pero hay variables exógenas que deben investigarse a posteriori, como el precio del destino, el costo del transporte origen-destino, que ayudaran a explicar mejor la variación de la demanda turística por turismo interno.
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Soares, Angela Maria. "Redes internas de colaboração : gestão do conhecimento e fluxos de comunicação em um Instituto Federal de Ensino Superior em São José dos Campos." Universidade de Taubaté, 2016. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=834.
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O compartilhamento das informações no ambiente organizacional é um elemento relevante para a geração e a introdução de novos conhecimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os componentes da colaboração coletiva: mídia social, comunidade e propósito na gestão do Instituto Federal de Ensino Superior. Para atingir os objetivos do trabalho foi adotada, estrategicamente a triangulação de três tipos de pesquisa que se complementam em seus objetivos e técnicas: pesquisa
bibliográfica, pesquisa documento e pesquisa qualitativa, por tratar-se de um estudo de caso. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, de abordagem qualiquantitativa, com delineamento de estudo de caso. Na Análise Documental a
caracterização do instituto e avaliação de desempenho institucional com a compilação das avaliações que geraram as notas de desempenho por fração funcional realizada em 2014. Quanto à percepção dos gestores em relação ao uso dos canais de comunicação foram encaminhados 96 questionários. Pesquisa
concluída com o retorno de 80 questionários que equivale a 83,3% do total. A percepção dos gestores em relação ao uso dos canais de comunicação também foi discutida. Nos resultados e análise temática foram examinadas as trocas ocorridas no Office Communicator para o desenvolvimento da campanha colaborativa de qualidade de vida. A cada assunto trazido à mesa virtual de debates, mais pessoas eram conectadas e convidadas a entrar na discussão. A importância hoje não está mais no know how (Saber Fazer), mas, sim no know who (Quem Sabe). Assim este trabalho abordou as redes de colaboração internas sob a perspectiva do processamento humano da informação e do capital social, bem como dos suportes de comunicação online que ampliam sua utilização dentro das organizações.The sharing of information in the organizational environment is a relevant element for generation and the introduction of new knowledge. The aim of this study was to identify the components of collective collaboration: social media, community and purpose in the management of the Federal Institute of higher education. To achieve the objectives of this work was adopted, strategically the triangulation of three types of research that are complementary in their objectives and techniques:bibliographical research, document research and qualitative research, as a case study. The research is characterized as descriptive, qualitative-quantitative approach, with case study design. In the documentary analysis the Institutes characterization and evaluation of institutional performance with the compilation of the evaluations that have generated the performance notes for functional fraction held in 2014. As for the perception of managers regarding the use of the channels of communication were sent 96 questionnaires. Research completed with the return of 80 questionnaires which equals 83,3%. The perception of managers regarding the use of the channels of communication was also discussed. The results and thematic analysis were examined the trading occurring in Office Communicator for the development of collaborative quality-of-life campaign. Every issue brought to the virtual table of debates, more people were connected and invited to join in the discussion. The importance today is no longer in the know-how (Knowledge), but in the know who (who knows). So this work addressed internal collaboration networks from the perspective of the human information processing and social capital, as well as online communication media that extend their use inside organizations.
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Garola, Àlvar. "Infraestructures i gestió de la mobilitat : aspectes econòmics, territorials i rendibilitat social." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665219.
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This doctoral thesis analyzes the impact of the creation and implementation of transport infrastructures, specifically high-capacity road axes, on the territory and the welfare of the population with a marginal approach: several improvements are proposed over the usual methodologies.
First, macroeconomic aspects are analyzed from the regionalization of input-output tables at the regional level and the application of shift-share methodologies and analysis of the productive and business base at a local level, to capture the changes produced by the implementation of a transport infrastructure.
With the input-output table, the regional impacts are determined starting from the coefficients of location of the productive base with an iterative methodology. As a result, the distribution of the impacts of implementing an infrastructure between local, Catalan and outside Catalonia economies is obtained. This is the minimum impact, because it does not include factors related to distance or interproductive relationships at the local level, which are left as a future research.
Shift-share analysis is difficult to apply in a generic mode and refers to particular cases. The variations in the business and productive base explain, to a large extent, how the effects of the implementation of an infrastructure are transferred to the local economy. However, given that economic benefits depend on the attitude of local economic agents, it is important that investments in infrastructures are associated with accompanying measures in the economic field.
The second part of the thesis analyzes microeconomic aspects, including the monetary valuation of the environmental functions lost due to the change of land uses, instead of the expropriations (which are a transfer between the Administration and the owner of the land) within the cost-benefit analysis. Intangible valuation techniques allow monetizing these environmental functions, contributing to the cost-benefit analysis better reflecting the results on social welfare.
Finally, privacy is valued in monetary terms, through discounts on tolls for high occupancy vehicles (3 or more occupants), which involve the use of a highly sensitive camera to detect occupants. These control mechanisms through video cameras or photographs are common within the concept of smart mobility, and are causing interesting debates about possible coercion of privacy. The thesis measures this privacy based on surveys, an innovative aspect that may be relevant in the future. The document closes with global conclusions and future research.Aquesta tesi doctoral analitza l'impacte de la creació i posada en marxa de les infraestructures de transport, concretament eixos viaris de gran capacitat, sobre el territori i el benestar de la població, amb un enfocament marginal: es proposen diverses millores sobre les metodologies habituals. Primer s’analitzen aspectes macroeconòmics a partir de la regionalització de les taules input-output a nivell comarcal i l’aplicació de metodologies shift-share i d’anàlisi de la base productiva i empresarial a escala local, per copsar els canvis produïts per la posada en marxa d’una infraestructura de transport. En la taula input-output es determinen els impactes comarcals partint de coeficients de localització de la base productiva amb una metodologia iterativa. Així s’obté el repartiment dels impactes de posar en marxa una infraestructura entre l’economia local, la catalana i fora de Catalunya. Aquest és l’impacte mínim, doncs no inclou factors relacionats amb distància o amb les relacions interproductives en l’àmbit local, que es deixen com a recerca futura. L’anàlisi shift-share és difícil d’aplicar de forma genèrica i es fa a casos particulars. Les variacions en la base empresarial i productiva expliquen, en gran part, com es traslladen els efectes sobre l’economia local de la posada en marxa d’una infraestructura. Ara bé, atès que els beneficis econòmics depenen de l’actitud dels agents econòmics locals, és important que les inversions en infraestructures vagin associades a mesures d’acompanyament en l’àmbit econòmic. La segona part de la tesi analitza aspectes microeconòmics, incloent la valoració monetària de les funcions ambientals perdudes pel canvi d’usos del sòl, en lloc de les expropiacions (que no deixen de ser una transferència entre l’Administració i el propietari del sòl) dins l’anàlisi cost-benefici. Les tècniques de valoració d’intangibles permeten monetitzar aquestes funcions ambientals, contribuint a que l’anàlisi costbenefici reflecteixi millor els resultats sobre el benestar social. Finalment, es valora la privacitat en termes monetaris, a través dels descomptes en els peatges als vehicles d’alta ocupació (3 ó més ocupants), que impliquen l’ús d’una càmera d’alta sensibilitat per a detectar els ocupants. Aquests mecanismes de control a través de càmeres de vídeo o de fotografies, són habituals dins el concepte d’smart mobility, i estan provocant interessants debats sobre possible coartació de la privacitat. La tesi mesura aquesta privacitat en base a enquestes, un aspecte innovador i que pot ser rellevant en el futur. El document es tanca amb conclusions globals i recerca futura
Esta tesis doctoral analiza el impacto de la creación y puesta en marcha de las infraestructuras de transporte, concretamente ejes viarios de gran capacidad, sobre el territorio y el bienestar de la población, con un enfoque marginal: se proponen varias mejoras sobre las metodologías habituales. Primero se analizan aspectos macroeconómicos a partir de la regionalización de las tablas input-output a nivel comarcal y la aplicación de metodologías shift-share y de análisis de la base productiva y empresarial a escala local, para captar los cambios producidos por la puesta en marcha de una infraestructura de transporte. En la tabla input-output se determinan los impactos comarcales partiendo de coeficientes de localización de la base productiva con una metodología iterativa. Así se obtiene el reparto de los impactos de poner en marcha una infraestructura entre la economía local, la catalana y fuera de Cataluña. Este es el impacto mínimo, pues no incluye factores relacionados con distancia o con las relaciones interproductivas en el ámbito local, que se dejan como investigación futura. El análisis shift-share es difícil de aplicar de forma genérica y se refiere a casos particulares. Las variaciones en la base empresarial y productiva explican, en gran parte, como se trasladan los efectos sobre la economía local de la puesta en marcha de una infraestructura. Dado que los beneficios económicos dependen de la actitud de los agentes económicos locales, es importante que las inversiones en infraestructuras vayan asociadas a medidas de acompañamiento en el ámbito económico. La segunda parte de la tesis analiza aspectos microeconómicos, incluyendo la valoración monetaria de las funciones ambientales perdidas por el cambio de usos del suelo, en lugar de las expropiaciones (que no dejan de ser una transferencia entre la Administración y el propietario del suelo) dentro del análisis costebeneficio. Las técnicas de valoración de intangibles permiten monetizar estas funciones ambientales, contribuyendo a que el análisis coste-beneficio refleje mejor los resultados sobre el bienestar social. Finalmente, se valora la privacidad en términos monetarios, a través de los descuentos en los peajes a los vehículos de alta ocupación (3 o más ocupantes), que implican el uso de una cámara de alta sensibilidad para detectar los ocupantes. Estos mecanismos de control a través de cámaras de vídeo o de fotos, son habituales dentro del concepto de smart mobility, y están provocando interesantes debates sobre posible coartación de la privacidad. La tesis mide esta privacidad en base a encuestas, un aspecto innovador y que puede ser relevante en el futuro. El documento finaliza con conclusiones globales e investigaciones futuras.
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Cowling, Lesley. "Saving the Sowetan : the public interest and commercial imperatives in journalism practice." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017781.
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This thesis examines the complex ways in which notions of the public interest and commercial imperatives intertwine in journalism practice. It does this through a study of the 2004 takeover and relaunch of the Sowetan newspaper, the highest circulation daily in South Africa throughout the 1990s and an institution of black public life. The ‘public interest’ and ‘the commercial’ are recurring ideas in journalism scholarship and practice, and the relaunch appeared to be a challenge to reconcile the Sowetan’s commercial challenges with its historical responsibility to a ‘nation-building’ public. However, the research shows that the public/commercial aspects of journalism were inextricably entangled with Sowetan’s organisational culture, which was the matrix through which its journalism practice was expressed. Conflict in the organisation over the changes was not simply a contest between commercial realities and the public interest, with journalists defending a responsibility to the public and managers pushing commercial solutions, but a conflict between the culture of Sowetan “insiders”, steeped in the legacy of the newspaper, and “outsiders”, employed by the new owners to effect change. Another conclusion of the research is that commercial “realities” – often conceptualised as counter to the public interest – are highly mutable. Basic conditions, such as a dependence on advertising, exist. However, media managers must choose from a range of strategies to be commercially viable, which requires risk-taking, innovation and, often, guesswork. In such situations, the ‘wall’ between media managers and senior editors is porous, as all executives must manage the relationship between business and editorial imperatives. Executives tend to overlook culture as a factor in changing organisations, but I argue that journalism could benefit from engaging with management theory and organisational psychology, which offer ways to understand the specific dynamics of the organisation. Finally, I argue that the case of the Sowetan throws into question the idea that there may be a broadly universal journalism culture. The attachment of Sowetan journalists to their particular values and practice suggests that forms of journalism evolve in certain contexts to diverge from the ‘professional’ Anglo-American modes. These ‘journalisms’ use similar terms – such as the ‘public interest’ – but operationalise them quite differently. The responsibility to the public is imagined in very different ways, but remains a significant attachment for journalists.
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Bourdeau-Guilbert, Marie. "L'objectif économique du contrat : contribution à l'étude de l'intérêt commun." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10044.
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Suggérée à l'analyse de la jurisprudence rendue sur le thème de la flexibilité du contrat, la théorie générale de l'objectif économique du contrat a pour point de départ l'identification d'un premier objectif : l'exploitation commune de clientèle. Parce que le caractère commun de l'exploitation traduit l'existence d'objectifs identiques aux parties, cet objectif de nature économique s'inscrit, en effet, comme celui du contrat, support juridique de sa réalisation. Présent au sein de conventions diverses, il n'est, du reste, pas isolé. La mise en évidence d'autres types d'objectifs économiques construits sur ce même modèle permet ainsi une conceptualisation de la notion. La réalité de l'objectif économique du contrat laisse alors présager de sa possible réception par le Droit. Sa reconnaissance demeure toutefois subordonnée à sa disponibilité, d'une part et à son utilité, d'autre part. Distinct sans pour autant être autonome des conditions de validité que sont la cause et l'objet, l'objectif économique ne saurait davantage s'identifier à l'économie de la convention. Apte à siéger aux côtés de ces notions, l'objectif offre, en outre, de nouvelles perspectives. Indissociable de la notion d'intérêt commun économique, il en constitue le révélateur, justifiant ainsi que tous les contrats marqués par sa présence soient reconnus comme étant d'intérêt commun. Fondement d'une ouverture du domaine de l'intérêt commun, l'objectif permet encore d'étendre le bénéfice du droit à une indemnité compensatrice et de reconnaître l'existence implicite des obligations d'adaptation et de renégociation hors la sphère du mandat d'intérêt commun. La notion aurait donc sa place en Droit positifThe analysis of the case law relating to the flexibility in contract suggests the general theory of the economic goal of the contract. This theory comes from the identification of a first objective: the common exploitation of a clientele. Since the common nature of exploitation conveys the existence of identical objectives for the parties, this economic goal becomes the objective of the contract, legal mean of its fulfillment. This goal can be found in many agreements and is not isolated. The presentation of other types of economic goals built on the same pattern allows a conceptualization of the notion. The existence of the economic goal of the contract suggests its possible receipt by the Law. However its recognition is conditioned both by its transferability and utility. The economic goal must be distinguished from the validity conditions such as consideration and subject matter, although it is not independent from these conditions. This goal is also different from the economy of the convention. Besides these notions, the economic goal offers new perspectives. Profoundly linked to the notion of common economic interest, it appears as its revealing and justifies that each contract should be qualified as a common interest contract. The economic goal is the ground for the opening of the scope of common interest and enables to extend the benefit of a right to a pecuniary relief and to acknowledge the implicit existence of obligations to adapt and renegotiate, apart from the common interest mandate. This notion should thus find its place in positive law
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Queiroz, Antonio Marcos de. "Estruturas de governança no complexo agroindustrial sucroalcooleiro goiano." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2016. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/18293.
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No início deste milênio, houve forte estímulo à expansão do complexo sucroalcooleiro no Brasil, que levou ao ressurgimento de debates e análises acerca da construção de novas políticas de incentivo e de articulação dos agentes do complexo. O objetivo geral desta tese é identificar e caracterizar as principais estruturas de governança (modelos tradicional e novo) no complexo agroindustrial sucroalcooleiro goiano. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão histórica do processo de criação de políticas desde o Instituto do Álcool e do Açúcar, que mostra a expansão, a reestruturação, até a desregulamentação nesse complexo com a consequente extinção desse órgão na década de 1990 e a emergência de novas institucionalidades de representação de interesses. O novo boom de crescimento do complexo nos anos 2000 revela uma reconfiguração da expansão da agroindústria canavieira nos estados de Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso e Paraná. A migração de agroindústrias sucroalcooleiras paulistas e nordestinas é explicada pela busca de maiores ganhos de escala com terra abundante, menores custos de produção e de transação e, sobretudo, a maior competitividade, o que irá alterar o padrão da produção agrícola nesses estados. Consequentemente, esse processo tornou o estado de Goiás o segundo maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar e de etanol nacional, impulsionado por políticas de incentivos fiscais e creditícios oriundos das agências de fomento estaduais e federais. Ademais, nessa perspectiva, são considerados também os aspectos institucionais, tecnológicos e, principalmente, as estruturas de governança que abrangem a forma de organização e de articulação dos agentes no setor. Desse modo, a metodologia de trabalho baseou-se na pesquisa qualiquantitativa. A primeira trata de dados secundários a partir da revisão histórica e de dados primários com a aplicação de questões semiestruturadas (entrevistas). A segunda utiliza dados secundários para a identificação de clusters espaciais na estatística espacial e também mostrar a relação de causalidade entre variáveis, considerando o modelo de painel dinâmico espacial na econometria espacial. Nossa análise permitiu concluir que, em Goiás, existem clusters espaciais que podem ser considerados territórios canavieiros, com padrões de associação espacial nos municípios produtores de cana-de-açúcar. Os clusters espaciais estão localizados nas áreas de alta produtividade, o que eleva a concorrência por terra com as culturas da soja e do milho existentes. Observa-se que os municípios canavieiros também são aqueles que têm apresentado bons indicadores socioeconômicos. As estruturas de governança são oriundas do processo de organização da produção. Elas podem ser resumidas em: integração vertical para trás (área própria e/ou arrendamento de terras) e integração das usinas e destilarias com os fornecedores de cana-de-açúcar. O estudo revela que tem prevalecido em Goiás o primeiro tipo de estrutura de governança. São os municípios de menor organização social e cooperativa. Já a integração com fornecedores de cana-de-açúcar tem sido observada nos municípios onde existem as associações de fornecedores (de caráter econômico), o que reduz as ações oportunistas, as assimetrias de informações e de poder das usinas e destilarias e torna o aporte neocorportivismo interessante para análise dessa realidade. Uma realidade que viu nascer o Consecana, um importante mecanismo de autogovernança no complexo sucroalcooleiro, à medida que dirime os conflitos existentes entre os agentes. Portanto, as instituições de representação de interesses no complexo sucroalcooleiro goiano têm influenciado a conformação de estruturas de governança no estado.At the beginning of this millennium, there was a strong stimulus to the expansion of Brazilian sugar and ethanol sectors, which led to the resurgence of debate and analysis on the construction of new incentive policies and articulation of the agents of this complex. This thesis aims to identify and characterize the main governance structures (traditional and new models) in sugarcane agroindustry complex in Goiás. So, we carried out a historical revision on the process of establishing policies, since the Alcohol and Sugar Institute. We show the expansion and restructuring, even to deregulation in this complex with the consequent extinction of this organ in the nineties as well the emergence of new organs to represent interests. The new complex's growth boom in the 2000s reveals an expansion configuration in sugarcane agribusiness in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso and Paraná. The migration of sugarcane agribusiness from São Paulo and the northeastern regions can be explained by the search of greater scale profits with abundant land, low costs of production and transaction and, above all, greater competitiveness which will modify the pattern of agricultural production in these state. Consequently, this process made the state of Goiás the second largest producer of Brazilian sugarcane and ethanol, improved by tax and credit incentive policies coming from the state and from federal funding agencies. Furthermore, we considered also the institutional, technological and main governance structures which covers the form to organize and articulate the agents in the complex. Therefore, the study methodology was based on qualitative and quantitative research. The quantitative search treats data obtained from the historical revision as well those got from the semistructured interviews. The qualitative search used secondary data to identify space clusters in space statistics as well to show the cause relation among variables, considering the dynamic panel model in space econometry. Our analysis allowed us to conclude that in Goiás there are space clusters that can be considered as sugarcane territories, with space association patterns in the sugarcane producing municipalities located in areas of high productivity which improves competition for land with existing soybean and corn crops. We observed that the sugarcane municipalities are also those who have shown good socioeconomic indicators. The governance structures come from the production organization process. One can summarize them as follows: vertical backward integration (own area and/or land lease) and integration between mills/distilleries and sugarcane suppliers. The study shows that the first governance structure has prevailed in Goias State. The municipalities are those who have the minor social and cooperative organization. In contrast, the integration with sugarcane suppliers has been observed in the cities where there are supplier association (with economical character) which reduces opportunistic actions, asymmetries of information and power in the mills and distilleries and makes corporatism an interesting contribution to analysis of this reality. This is a reality that saw the birth of Consecana, an important mechanism of self-governance in sugar and alcohol complex as to settle the conflicts between agents. Therefore, the institutions which represent the interests of the Goias’ sugar and alcohol complex have influenced the conformation of structures of the state governance.
Tese (Doutorado)
Books on the topic "Interns – economic aspects"
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Group, International Crisis, ed. Le Burundi aprés la suspension de l'embargo: Aspects internes et régionaux. [Nairobi?]: International Crisis Group, 1999.
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Hoffmann, Frank. Interne Budgetierung und Anreizsysteme im Krankenhaus. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1989.
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United States. Federal Trade Commission. Bureau of Economics., ed. Economic perspectives on the Internet. Washington, DC: U.S. FTC, 2000.
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Marzovilla, Olga. Aspetti economici interni ed internazionali della tutela ambientale: Strumenti, commercio internazionale, fiscalità. Bari: Cacucci, 2000.
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Duhau, Emilio. Mercado interno y urbanización en el México colonial. México, D.F: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 1988.
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Eric, Brousseau, and Curien Nicolas, eds. Internet and digital economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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La fuerza económica de las migraciones internas: Los novedosos polos del desarrollo peruano. Lima: V & S Editores, 2015.
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Carolina, Tcaci, ed. ``Aspecte ale dezvoltării potenţialului economico-managerial în contextul asigurării securităţii naţionale``, conf. şt. intern. (2015 ; Bălţi). Aspecte ale dezvoltării potenţialului economico-managerial în contextul asigurării securităţii naţionale : Materialele conf. şt. intern. dedicate aniversării a 20 de ani ai învăţămîntului econ. la USARB, Bălţi, 6-7 iul. 2015. Secţiunile 1-3. Bălţi: [S.n.], 2015.
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Leonid, Babii, Tcaci Carolina, Topala Pavel, Burlacu Natalia, Gribincea Alexandru, Ganea Victoria, Filip Nolea, et al., eds. ``Aspecte ale dezvoltării potenialului economico-managerial în contextul asigurării securităţii naţionale``, conf. şt. intern. (2015 ; Bălţi). Aspecte ale dezvoltării potenţialului economico-managerial în contextul asigurării securităţii naţionale : Materialele conf. şt. intern. dedicate aniversării a 20 de ani ai învăţămîntului econ. la USARB, Bălţi, 6-7 iul. 2015. Secţiunile 4-6. Bălţi: [S.n.], 2015.
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Ficker, Sandra Kuntz. Empresa extranjera y mercado interno: El Ferrocarril Central Mexicano, 1880-1907. México, D.F: Colegio de México, 1995.
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Varian, Hal R. "Economic Aspects of Personal Privacy." In Internet Policy and Economics, 101–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b104899_7.
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Varian, Hal R. "Economic Aspects of Personal Privacy." In Cyber Policy and Economics in an Internet Age, 127–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3575-8_9.
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Guseva, Irina A., Svetlana S. Dzusova, and Elena I. Kulikova. "The Financial and Economic Aspects of the Digital Economy." In Ubiquitous Computing and the Internet of Things: Prerequisites for the Development of ICT, 599–607. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13397-9_65.
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Sukhodolov, Alexander P., Elena G. Popkova, and Irina M. Kuzlaeva. "Internet Economy: Existence from the Point of View of Micro-economic Aspect." In Internet Economy vs Classic Economy: Struggle of Contradictions, 11–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60273-8_2.
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Sukhodolov, Alexander P., Elena G. Popkova, and Irina M. Kuzlaeva. "Methodological Aspects of Study of Internet Economy." In Internet Economy vs Classic Economy: Struggle of Contradictions, 53–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60273-8_5.
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Spirkova, Daniela, Dagmar Cagáňová, and Manan Bawa. "Economic Aspects of Land Grabbing in the Connection with Development Projects." In Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures, 150–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47075-7_18.
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Nullens, Patrick, and Jermo van Nes. "Towards a Relational Anthropology Fostering an Economics of Human Flourishing." In Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics, 9–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84690-9_2.
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AbstractBasic capabilities and human interests that are directed towards the ideal of human flourishing now seem at odds with the concept of Homo economicus as once defined by John Stuart Mill – a rational being pursuing wealth only for his own self-interest. This popular paradigm still dominates economic theory and practice, but a growing group of academics consider its underlying model of human behavior to be inaccurate. As a result, scholars across various disciplines have expressed the need for a more refined anthropology in relation to contemporary economics. In response, the holistic concept of Homo amans as phenomenologically constituted by the virtues of faith, hope, and love is introduced, since multidisciplinary yet complementary study suggests that human persons are questing, expecting, and relational beings. Whether or not Homo amans could serve in the future as a complementary model to Homo economicus remains to be seen, because several aspects of human relationality that are relevant to contemporary economics are in need of future study.
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Robinius, Martin, Simonas Cerniauskas, Reinhard Madlener, Christina Kockel, Aaron Praktiknjo, and Detlef Stolten. "Economics of Hydrogen." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics, 75–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_4.
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AbstractRobinius et al. provide valuable information needed for a discussion of the potential role of hydrogen for decarbonizing energy systems. They first discuss major technical and economic characteristics of hydrogen supply systems, followed by potential end-use applications of hydrogen fuels of different origin (“color coding”), fuel supply cost estimates, and an overview of the various hydrogen production, supply, and storage options. Hydrogen-related policy and regulatory aspects are discussed as well as safety and public acceptance issues. Finally, it deals with the willingness to pay of consumers for different alternative fuel vehicle characteristics. The review concludes by arguing that “green hydrogen” is widely accepted among consumers, that costs are expected to decline rapidly with the market diffusion of hydrogen technologies, and that policymakers’ and business interest is presently on the rise.
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Hofmann, Michael, Markus Ganglbauer, Matthias Propst, Christian Wögerer, and Andreas Pichler. "Towards Human and Robot Collaborative Ergonomic Handling of Long Parts with a Loose Grip." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 249–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_18.
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AbstractThe concept of robots collaborating with humans has gained a lot of interest in the recent years. The pure use of the robot to follow the human’s actions involves several important components, which have to fullfil economic, ergonomic, safety and usability aspects. This paper presents a setup build with recent hardware and taking economic, safety and usability aspects into account. A concept is introduced how the ergonomics of a human worker is actively influenced by the system.
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Popa-Gorjanu, Cosmin. "Economic and Social Aspects of Multi-Ethnic Transylvania during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries." In Inter-Ethnic Relations and the Functioning of Multi-Ethnic Societies, 227–48. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.eer-eb.5.132153.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Interns – economic aspects"
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József, Varga, Orsolya Falus, and Balazs Cseh. "Arguments Against Interest from Economic and Legal Aspects in Islam and Christianity." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02808.
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Mainstream economists, and most non-economists, as well, consider the existence of interest as a matter-of-course. Moreover, some economists say that it is an essential regulator of the economy, which creates a balance between savers and investors, regulates the borrowings, and it is an essential tool for the central bank's monetary control. In our study we examine the role of the interest in the Christian and Islamic moral and economy. Comparing arguments for and against interest it became clear that – even if it was not discussed in detail – the pro arguments can be easily challenged, while counterarguments are considered as moral argument by mainstream economics forgetting the fact that the science of economics has emerged from ethics. In a system of interest payment every player of the economy has to pay interest, while in the Islamic monetary system, not only profit and loss are shared between the lender and borrower, but they also have to give to the poor. Within the framework of the moral side, we are curious about the methods by the Islamic economy works without interest, if interest itself is so important that it substantiates the whole economic mechanism.
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Hamah Saeed, Tahseen. "The normative role of the economic legal rule and the results of its application to the investment law in the Kurdistan region." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp104-122.
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The reciprocal treatment between law and economics has become a fact in the real world. And that the influence and influence between them reached the point of putting the independence of each under question. The central role that the economy plays in the modern era, especially after the emergence of the phenomenon of globalization and the spread of transnational companies and the dominance of the liberal and capitalist intellectual current, caused the emergence of a special type of law and legal rules called economic legal rules that have characteristics that distinguish them from other legal rules. This is due to the special nature of the economy of change. Fast and complex. And it came to the point that some scholars claimed that the economy has become in the center and that the law lacks its independence and has no function but to regulate the affairs of the economy so that the latter performs its original and important function in modern societies. Although the opinion regarding the relativity of this independence differs among the jurists of the Latin school from the Anglo-Saxon school. The jurists of the Latin school in general recognize more independence of the law, while the Anglo-Saxon jurists go to the more influence of the economy on the law than the effect of the law on the economy. Especially in developing countries in need of development and development. That is why the researcher tries to apply the result of the structural role of the economic legal base on one of the economic laws in the afflicted Kurdistan region, which needs the most what it needs is change and development in both areas of law and economy. Especially with regard to investing and working with internal capital and attracting foreign investors, in order to remove some injustice from the oppressed people at a time when the reality was finally fair and gave them the opportunity to have their legitimate authority and enjoy the opportunity to rise and move to reach the level of progress of the world in the modern era and keep pace with what its brothers have reached in humanity from other peoples.
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Tamošiunienė, Rima, Anna Kislovska, Eglė Kazlauskienė, and Tsvetelina Gankova. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INCREASING VALUE AND SCOPE OF SHARED SERVICES CENTRES." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.75.
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Development of Business Services Market and shift from manufacturing to services economy, where customer-oriented solutions, innovation and global networks are key valuables, forced appearance of business forms such as Shared Services Centres (SSC), which are paralleled with Business Process Outsourcing, Global Business Services. This business proved its advantage in private and public sector and increased in value and scope. SSCs are seen as economic catalyst, competitive business solution of organizations with entrepreneurial mindset. SSCs accelerate economic multiplier, which is seen in internal organizational aspects and external economic aspects. The aim of this paper is to escalate economic aspects of increasing value and scope of SSC‘s.
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Tengiz, Yusuf Ziya, and Emine Şule Aydeniz. "The Analysis of the Effects of Financial Risks in Turkey and Russia on Basic Economical Data between 2000-2014." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01353.
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Financial risks affect the basic economic indicators in a negative way and cause structural deformation of the countries’ economy. In this study, the most effected economic indicators due to financial risks in Turkey and Russia and to activate their economical future plans are determined. Thereby Turkey and Russia can execute economical collaboration due to their powerful economies. The basic reason for choosing Russia among the Eurasian countries is that Russia economic aspect is the most patronized among these countries. Linear regression analyze method is applied. Financial risks like exchange rates, interest rates and inflation are determined as independence variants and each economic indicator as dependent variant.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is mostly affected by annual deposit interest rate (ADIR) and annual loan rate (ALR) in Turkey and by annual loan rate and inflation in Russia. GDP growth rate is not affected by financial risks in Turkey and Russia. Public gross import stock is affected by ADIR and ALR in Turkey and ALR in Russia. Public gross export stock is affected by US-dollar rate of exchange (RoE) in Turkey and Euro (RoE) in Russia. Import is affected by ADIR and ALR in Turkey and by ALR and Euro – Rouble rate (ERR) in Russia. Both countries export are affected by the same parameters. Current account balance is affected by ADIR and ALR in Turkey and ADIR and ERR in Russia. Composite index is not affected by financial risks in both countries. Same result is valid in foreign direct investment and GDP growth rate.
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Song, Lijia, and Tat'yana Novikova. "METHODS ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE ASSETS OF ENTERPRISES IN CHINA." In Modern aspects of modeling systems and processes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mamsp_144-148.
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The socio-economic development of China differs from the Western European states and Russia. And the standard of living of the population, the level of production, GDP growth, the development of modern technologies, scientific and technical potential show continuous stable growth. In this connection, there is a scientific interest in considering the «Chinese economic miracle», and in particular, what methods are used to evaluate the main economic indicators of Chinese enterprises.
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Мамулян, Кристине, Kristine Mamulyan, Юлия Шатохина, and Yuliya Shatohina. "CONCEPT OF INTERNAL MARKETING AND LOYALTY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT." In Topical issues of ensuring economic security in the Russian Federation in the digital economy. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/2375.
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The article gives the concept of internal marketing of personnel, as well as the notion of loyalty. The stages of development of the concept of internal marketing are considered. The essence of each stage of the concept is revealed directly in the course of work with the staff, that is, the aspects that are characteristic for employees during each stage are shown, showing the degree of staff loyalty to the organization.
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Ivanyuk, Tatyana, and Vasiliy Aryshev. "Some Analytical Aspects of Business Integration." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00575.
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A success of any business activity is depending on the level of the business competition to a large extent. Not every firm can properly retain its positions in the stiff competitive environment. The changes in the external business environment may induce the reorganization of the business in the form of company integration. There are also integration process in the Kazakh economy. However, despite high activity of integration processes in the business, they are not quite effective. This is primarily associated with the fact that integration processes are characterized by complexity of internal mechanisms, irrespective of the type of business amalgamation. The strategy of business amalgamation must be based on the data of thorough economic analysis. Given a complex nature of transactions in various types of amalgamation as well as a high risk level determined by uncertainty associated with the strategic decision-making, such system of indicators should be built as complex multi-tier structure excluding the possibility for unification. Each individual case of amalgamation is characterized by a unique set of factors influencing the conditions in which the integration process is performed. However, one may outline such indicators that are mandatory but are not always sufficient to substantiate the management decision-making about the appropriateness of the integration process, its feasibility, the degree of risk and the extent to which such amalgamation is efficient. A proper buildup of a complex system of indicators would allow giving a realistic assessment of economic practicability of the integration process and determining the level of its efficiency.
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Hull, Russell D., and Gary E. Raskob. "TREATMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642968.
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Initial therapy with intravenous heparin, followed by long-term anticoagulant therapy for three months or more, is the treatment of choice for most patients with acute venous thrombosis. Inferior vena caval interruption, using a transvenously inserted filter, is the management of choice for preventing pulmonary embolism in patients in whom anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, and in the very rare patient in whom anticoagulant therapy is ineffective. The role of thrombolytic therapy has not been completely resolved. It was hoped that thrombolytic therapy would minimize or prevent the post-phlebitic syndrome; unfortunately, this may not be the case because the critical factor in the development of the post-phlebitic syndrome appears to be venous valve damage, which occurs early in the formation of venous thrombosis. Thrombolytic therapy should be considered in selected patients with acute massive venous thrombosis (eg. the patient with phlegmasia cerulea dolens).Intravenous heparin administered in doses which prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to 1.5 to 2 times control is highly effective and is associated with a low frequency (2%) of recurrent venous thromboembolism. A recent randomized trial (1) in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis indicates that failure to achieve an adequate anticoagulant response (APTT > 1.5 times control) is associated with a high risk (20%) of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Therefore, sufficient heparin should be administered to maintain the APTT above 1.5 times the control value.Intravenous heparin is continued for 7 to 10 days, overlapped with oral anticoagulant therapy for 4 to 5 days before heparin is stopped. Multiple randomized clinical trials in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis indicate that when heparin is administered for 7 to 10 days, followed by adequate long-term anticoagulant therapy, the frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism is very low (2%). An alternative approach is to commence heparin and oral anticoagulants together at the time of diagnosis, and to discontinue heparin on the fourth or fifth day. If this latter approach is effective, it would avoid 4 to 5 days of unnecessary hospitalization in many patients, and would markedly reduce the cost of initial heparin therapy. A recent randomized trial (2) in patients with submassive venous thromboembolism suggests that 4 to 5 days of initial heparin therapy is effective and safe, but this approach must be evaluated by further randomized clinical trials before it is routinely recommended.Recent clinical trials indicate that inadequate long-term therapy in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis results in a high frequency (40-50%) of recurrent venous thromboembolism and is cost-ineffective because of the diagnostic and treatment costs of recurrent venous thromboembolism (3). The risk of recurrence is markedly reduced to 2% by adequate long-term anticoagulant therapy with warfarin sodium or adjusted subcutaneous heparin; both of these approaches are markedly more cost-effective than inadequate long-term therapy (3). Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin sodium for three months (or longer in selected patients), is less expensive than adjusted subcutaneous heparin and is preferred in most patients with acute proximal-vein thrombosis. The risk of bleeding associated with oral anticoagulant therapy can be reduced to less than 5%, without loss of effectiveness for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism, by adjusting the dose of warfarin sodium to achieve a less intense anticoagulant effect (PT 1.25 to 1.5 times control using a rabbit brain thromboplastin such as Simplastin or Dade-C, corresponding to an INR of 2.0 to 3.0). Less intense warfarin sodium therapy is the most cost-effective of the alternative long-term anticoagulant regimens (3). Adjusted dose subcutaneous heparin is an effective and safe alternative to warfarin sodium; although slightly more expensive, it is the long-term regimen of choice in pregnant patients, and in patients returning to geographically remote areas lacking the facilities for anticoagulant monitoring (in whom the dose is adjusted during the first few days of long-term therapy and then fixed). REFERENCES: (1) Hull R, Raskob G, Hirsh J et al. N Engl J Med 1986;315:1109-1114. (2) Gallus A, Jackaman J, Tillett J et al.Lancet 1986;2:1293-1296. (3) Hull R, Raskob G, Hirsh J, Sackett DL. JAMA 1984;252:235-239.
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Jevtić, Jelena, Mirjana Antonijević Nikolić, and Dragana Ilić Udovičić. "Food Waste on Restaurant – A Circular Economy Approach." In 7th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2023 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2023.277.
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Food waste is a serious environmental and economic problem. Some studies suggest that about 1/3 of the food produced for human consumption is wasted, amounting to about 1.3 billion tons per year. Considering the economic aspect, food waste means money losses, both for individual units and national economies. The circular economy is a general term that encompasses all activities that reduce, reuse, and recycle materials in the processes of production, distribution, and consumption. Organic components of food waste are of interest for further use because they contain large quantities of highly valuable molecules. This paper aimed to show that food waste from restaurants represents a resource that can be incorporated into other processes, which are the basic principles of the circular economy. Food waste in catering is caused by inadequate procedures, poor organization, or insufficiently trained workers, as well as specific and changing consumer demands. The circular economy model strives to return food as much as possible to the production chain and considers waste as a resource and raw material. Some possibilities are presented in this paper.
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Fazil Hamadi, Fazil. "Economic reform as a tool to diversify the Iraqi economy." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/35.
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Many countries have followed economic reform policies as a result of the debt problem in 1982. Many countries have shifted from a planned economy towards a free economy by following economic reform programs with the help of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Iraq introduced some aspects of economic reform in the nineties of the last century. But without the intervention of any of the two international institutions, and these reforms were very simple, but the political change in (2003) and the rise in foreign debts on Iraq as a result of wars and economic siege led Iraq to follow economic reform programs with the help of the two international organizations in (2004), now and after ( 18) years to follow these policies, Iraq still did not achieve the desired goals of these reforms, especially with regard to economic diversification, so the study’s goal came to show the reasons that led to the failure of economic reforms to achieve their goals with regard to diversifying the Iraqi economy and what are the measures that must be taken to solve this is the problem. The study assumed that the main reason for not achieving economic diversification is the incorrect application of economic reform policies and the failure to benefit from its returns in improving the structure of the economy. The study used the analytical method by analyzing the data of the oil and non-oil economic sectors and the extent of their contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), public revenues and exports. The study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that one of the reasons for the lack of economic diversification is the weakness of internal security and the lack of attention to infrastructure, especially in the agricultural sector, which led to high production costs and thus the exit of many producers from the production cycle and their search for government jobs with high returns for them if compared to the returns of their products of high cost. As for the most important proposals, they are concerned with providing internal security in Iraq by providing opportunities for workers in the private sector by encouraging the private sector to produce by creating a spirit of competition between private sector companies by licensing the public sector to carry out privatization processes and leaving the private sector to produce with higher efficiency. These measures are enough to achieve economic diversification and work to reduce prices and improve production technology.
Reports on the topic "Interns – economic aspects"
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MOSKALENKO, O., S. TERESHCHENKO, and E. KASPAROV. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNET DEPENDENCE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-3-85-94.
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A review of the literature on the actual problem of modern society - Internet addiction (ID) is presented. ID has negative social, health and economic consequences. The number of Internet addicts is increasing every year. Patients with IS have characteristic symptoms: increased tolerance syndrome (increased time and intensity of Internet activity); syndrome of loss of quantitative and situational control; withdrawal symptoms, with the impossibility of Internet activity and affective disorders develop.
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Coavas-Blanquicet, Sami Gabriel, Celene Margarita Romero Haddad, and Guillermo David Ruíz Padilla. El producto interno bruto (PIB). Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.76.
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Esta nota de clase proporciona una visión completa sobre el producto interno bruto (PIB), abordando su definición, componentes, formas de medir y limitaciones. El PIB se presenta como un indicador clave para medir la actividad económica de un país y evaluar su desempeño. Se explican detalladamente los componentes del PIB, que incluyen el consumo, la inversión, el gasto público y las exportaciones netas. Además, se exploran las distintas metodologías utilizadas para medir el PIB, como el enfoque del gasto, el ingreso y el valor agregado. También se destacan las limitaciones del PIB, como su incapacidad para capturar aspectos como la distribución del ingreso o el impacto ambiental. Este documento será una valiosa fuente de consulta para los estudiantes del curso de Agregados Económicos de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, Contables y Afines, brindándoles un entendimiento sólido sobre el PIB y su importancia en el análisis económico. Les proporcionará una base para evaluar el desempeño económico, identificar áreas de mejora y tomar decisiones informadas en el ámbito empresarial y gubernamental. Asimismo, al abordar las limitaciones del PIB, los estudiantes adquirirán una perspectiva crítica que les permitirá considerar otros indicadores complementarios para una evaluación más completa de la economía. Lo anterior se realiza a través de ejemplos sencillos que vinculan lo teórico y práctico.
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Torrent, Ramón. Looking to the Future of EU's External Economic Relations Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007898.
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Campling, Liam. Fisheries Aspects of ACP-EU Interim Economic Partnership Agreements: Trade and Sustainable Development Implications. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20081013.
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Espino, Emilio, and Martín González Rozada. Normative Fiscal Policy and Growth: Some Quantitative Implications for the Chilean Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011508.
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This paper explores the qualitative and quantitative implications of optimal taxation in a developing economy when economic growth is endogenously determined. We differentiate this class of economies from a developed economy in two aspects: informal sector is quantitatively significant and tax-collecting technologies are more rudimentary. We characterize competitive equilibrium allocations and Ramsey allocations in the context of a small open economy in which the interest rate is endogenously determined, some workers can be hired in the informal market, and imperfect tax-collecting technology can be heterogeneous across different types of taxes. We calibrate the parameters of our model to the Chilean economy. Overall, our results suggest that capital should still be taxed but considerably less than actual taxes (that is, 10.78 percent versus 18.5 percent). Labor should be subsidized (to stimulate accumulation of human capital), while consumption taxes should be increased by 50 percent approximately (from 19 percent to 28 percent). As expected, the better the tax collecting technologies, the higher the corresponding taxes. In this context, the resulting growth rate increases only slightly along the balanced growth path.
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Marchini, Geneviève Marthe Marie. Working paper PUEAA No. 16. The US exit from Afghanistan. Reverberation across Latin America. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.001r.2023.
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In this paper, I aim to analyze which direct or indirect implications the US withdrawal from Afghanistan had for Latin America, especially in the economic sphere, an aspect less addressed. My point is that there were few direct economic effects, due to the lack of relevance of trade and investment links between Afghanistan and Latin American countries, but the consequences of the US exit reverberated through the global system and through its real and potential effects on topics of common interest. As peripheral and semi-peripheral countries, and despite the absence of international wars in the region, several Latin American countries share with Afghanistan aspects of an insertion in the global economy which includes illicit activities or activities at the margins of legality, like the production, transit and exports of drugs, or the privatization of war, or are affected by the struggles between the great powers, especially the United States and China. The paper is organized as follows: in a first section we briefly introduce the Afghan economy and show the weak links it maintains with Latin America. The second section discusses some immediate reactions to the US withdrawal in Latin America and examines one of its direct effects, related to the participation of Colombian military personnel and former soldiers in Afghanistan. The third section deals with the reverberations of the US exit on the “war on drugs,”, which involves several Latin American countries as well as Afghanistan, and the fourth section approaches the possible impacts on the international infrastructure initiatives in both regions. The last section concludes.
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Diakonova, Marina, Corinna Ghirelli, Luis Molina, and Javier J. Pérez. The economic impact of conflict-related and policy uncertainty shocks: the case of Russia. Madrid: Banco de España, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/23707.
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We show how policy uncertainty and conflict-related shocks impact the dynamics of economic activity (GDP) in Russia. We use alternative indicators of “conflict”, relating to specific aspects of this general concept: geopolitical risk, social unrest, outbreaks of political violence and escalations into internal armed conflict. For policy uncertainty we employ the workhorse economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indicator. We use two distinct but complementary empirical approaches. The first is based on a time series mixed-frequency forecasting model. We show that the indicators provide useful information for forecasting GDP in the short run, even when controlling for a comprehensive set of standard high-frequency macro-financial variables. The second approach, is a SVAR model. We show that negative shocks to the selected indicators lead to economic slowdown, with a persistent drop in GDP growth and a short-lived but large increase in country risk.
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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela, Franklin Espiga, and Trevor Johnson. Open configuration options IDB Dala Assessments: Synthesis: Joaquin, Matthew, Irma and Dorian. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004232.
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Hurricanes Joaquin, Matthew, Irma, and Dorian have left indelible marks on the Bahamian landscape. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in cooperation with ECLAC, has conducted Damage and Loss Assessments (DaLA) following each of the events mentioned above, measuring their economic, social, and environmental impacts on the Bahamas. This infographic synthesizes the findings and key aspects of the effects and damage assessments and the reports of these four events.
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Hausner, Beatrix, Samira Karner, Hannah Tomasi, and Azadeh Badieijaryani. Energy consulting: A tool for inclusion? Users TCP, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47568/7xr134.
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This case study was conducted within the framework of the Austrian task participation IEA User-Centred Energy Systems Empowering all: Gender equality for the energy transition and analyzes to what extent the instrument of company-independent energy consulting in Austria addresses different target groups and takes gender and diversity aspects into account. Energy efficiency, climate neutrality in heating and electricity consumption are relevant aspects for the implementation of the energy transition. In addition, longer-term cost reduction for energy use is increasingly relevant for consumers and households. In Austria, therefore, company-independent energy consulting is offered and required renovations are partially subsidized (Stadt Wien, 2022). From a gender and diversity perspective, the following questions arise in this context: Who can take advantage of energy consulting? Who benefits from energy consulting? Are gender aspects, migration, age and socio-economic factors, as well as the overlaps of mentioned aspects (intersectionality) taken into account? What should be considered in gender and diversity friendly energy consulting? What could be a suitable approach for gender- and diversity-friendly energy consulting? In order to answer these questions, results of the international literature on the aspect of inclusion in energy consulting were first compiled, which were used for the development of the guideline for the data collection tools and for the data analysis. Based on this, internet research on the implementation of company-independent energy consulting and its funding opportunities in Austria was conducted. The unanswered questions about the systematics and processes of energy consulting were answered in a semi-structured expert interview with a person who conducts energy consulting. The case study is structured as follows: First, essential terms are explained. Then, the relevance of the case study for Austria as well as the international state of research are presented. This is followed by the results of the research and the interview along the guiding themes and the discussion of the results. Finally, the results are summarized, and recommendations are elaborated.
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Soloviev, V. N., and Y. V. Romanenko. Quantum econophysics of bitcoin crises. ESC "IASA" NTUU "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2462.
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The attempts to create an adequate model of socio-economic critical events, which, as it has been historically proven, are almost permanent, were, are and will always be made. Actually, it is a supertask, impossible to solve. However, the potentially useful solutions, local in time or other socio-economic logistic coordinates, are possible. In fact, they have to be the object of interest for a real and effective economic science. Econophysics is a young interdisciplinary scientific field, which developed and acquired its name at the end of the last century. Quantum econophysics, a direction distinguished by the use of mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics as well as its fundamental conceptual ideas and relativistic aspects, developed within its boundaries just a couple of years later, in the first decade of the 21-st century.