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Rehman, Sharaf. "Transparency dilemma in interpersonal relationships." Journal of Gender and Power 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jgp-2020-0001.
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AbstractHumans as social animals move from being strangers to becoming intimate by taking risks of engaging in self-disclosure—from sharing insignificant bits of information to details about their beliefs, opinions, lifestyles, prejudices, and values. Romantic and intimate relationships come about when players peel away their outer layers and allow others to get closer to their core. However, as couples become more familiar, they experience certain tensions known as relational dialectics. These are autonomy versus connection, novelty versus predictability, and openness versus transparency (openness). This paper presents the findings of a survey of the perceptions about these tensions among the Hispanic-America college students (N=108). The subjects rank-order these tensions in terms of their importance, and the level of difficulty in dealing with the tensions.
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Abend, Sander M. "Intrapsychic versus interpersonal: The wrong Dilemma." Psychoanalytic Inquiry 8, no. 4 (January 1988): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07351698809533739.
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Grüne-Yanoff, Till. "Evolutionary game theory, interpersonal comparisons and natural selection: a dilemma." Biology & Philosophy 26, no. 5 (June 10, 2011): 637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10539-011-9273-3.
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Rawn, Catherine D., and Kathleen D. Vohs. "People Use Self-Control to Risk Personal Harm: An Intra-Interpersonal Dilemma." Personality and Social Psychology Review 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2010): 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868310381084.
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Løvlie Schibbye, Anne-Lise. "The Role of "Recognition" in the Resolution of a Specific Interpersonal Dilemma." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 24, no. 2 (1993): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916293x00134.
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AbstractIn this article the author argues that recognition of self or others is necessary for structural changes in our clients as well as for growth in all relationships. Recognition is seen as a way to deal with our conflicting needs as we progress toward an individuated self and as a way to solve conflicts within our relationships. From a dialectical perspective, dysfunctional interaction between partners reveals both the conflict and the lack of recognition. Various ways of resolving the dilemma are explored. An analysis of a mother-child interaction shows that intersubjectivity is basic in recognition. The dialectic perspective emphasizes in addition the threat and mutuality involved in recognition. With mutual recognition we gain ourselves both as subjects and as objects, and we preserve the relationship. Finally, implications of the dialectical way of conceptualizing relationships are summarily presented.
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Rodebaugh, Thomas L., Sarah R. Klein, Tal Yarkoni, and Julia K. Langer. "Measuring social anxiety related interpersonal constraint with the flexible iterated prisoner's dilemma." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 25, no. 3 (April 2011): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.006.
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Stankiewicz, Janina, Hanna Bortnowska, and Patrycja Łychmus. "CO-ACTIVE COACHING SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS IN SOLVING ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE-RELATED PROFESSIONS." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0281.
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In contemporary market economy, an increasing importance is attributed to the observance of ethics. The subject of considerations of researchers dealing with this issue is also the ethical dimension of professions, including those ones, which are related to accounting and finances. It is recognized the need to develop substantive and interpersonal competences, but also in the field of professional ethics. The aim of the article is: 1) to demonstrate that co-active coaching is a particularly useful tool for developing skills to solve ethical dilemmas among employees working in accounting and finance; 2) to present the key competencies of a co-active coach, with particular emphasis on the ability to ask questions facilitating analysis and decision-making for the coachee when facing an ethical dilemma; 3) to present the stages of a coaching session supporting the development of skills to solve ethical dilemma common among professionals whose job relates to accounting and finance using the GROW model, plus to indicate selected questions recommended in each of these stages. It was achieved on the basis of the results of the analysis of the literature of the subject.
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Rotenberg, Ken J. "The Socialisation of Trust: Parents' and Children's Interpersonal Trust." International Journal of Behavioral Development 18, no. 4 (December 1995): 713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800408.
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In an investigation of the socialisation of trust, 72 parents and their 50 elementary schoolchildren completed trust belief scales and played a Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game with each other and with a stranger. In addition, parents described incidents designed to reveal their promise fulfilment to their children. The study yielded positive correlations between: (1) mothers' promise fulfilment to their children and their children's trust beliefs in mothers, fathers, and teachers; and (2) mothers' trust beliefs and their children's trust beliefs in teachers. Additionally, fathers' promised co-operation in the PD game was correlated with their children's promised co-operation in the PD game in interactions with fathers, mothers, and strangers. The findings of this study suggest that mothers shape their children's trust beliefs whereas fathers shape their children's trusting behaviour in a play context.
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Yoshida, Fujio, and Susumu Ohmoto. "Comparison between interpersonal and intergroup behaviors and perceptions in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game." Japanese journal of psychology 56, no. 2 (1985): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.56.86.
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SAITO, KAZUSHI. "The effects of interpersonal orientation in prisoner's dilemma game with a seeking choice." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 31, no. 2 (1991): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2130/jjesp.31.121.
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Gradin, V. B., A. Pérez, J. A. Macfarlane, I. Cavin, G. Waiter, E. B. Tone, B. Dritschel, A. Maiche, and J. D. Steele. "Neural correlates of social exchanges during the Prisoner's Dilemma game in depression." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 6 (January 14, 2016): 1289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715002834.
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BackgroundDepression is a disabling disorder that significantly impacts on the interpersonal functioning of individuals. However, little is known about the neural substrates of such difficulties. In the last few years neuroeconomics, which combines imaging with multiplayer behavioural economic paradigms, has been used to study the neural substrates of normal and abnormal interpersonal interactions.MethodThis study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity in unmedicated depressed participants (n = 25) and matched healthy controls (n = 25). During scanning, participants played a behavioural economic game, the Prisoner's Dilemma. In this game, the participant and a co-player independently choose either to cooperate or not cooperate with each other.ResultsDepressed participants reported higher levels of negative feelings (betrayal, guilt) during the game than did controls. Neural activation was compared between ‘imbalanced’ events [when one of the players cooperated and the other defected (‘CD’ and ‘DC’)] and ‘draw’ events [when both players either cooperated or defected (‘CC’ and ‘DD’)]. Participants preferentially activated the anterior insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a region implicated in cognitive control and regulation of emotions. Importantly, compared to controls depressed participants showed reduced activation in the left DLPFC, with the extent of signal reduction correlating with increased self-report feelings of guilt associated with DC outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that depression is associated with reduced activation of the DLPFC during social events that involve unreciprocated cooperation. This abnormality may underlie anomalies in cognitive control and top-down regulation of emotions during challenging social exchanges.
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Walzer, Susan, and Thomas P. Oles. "Managing Conflict after Marriages End: A Qualitative Study of Narratives of Ex-Spouses." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, no. 2 (April 2003): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.103.
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This paper addresses the dilemma of how formerly married couples negotiate their ongoing relationships. Drawing on interview data collected from divorced people, we explore various ways in which the stories that people tell about their marriages retrospectively relate to the management of interpersonal conflict. Along with examining intersections between postmarital narratives and experiences of conflict, we describe social obstacles to positive postmarital redefinition that emerge in divorced people's accounts. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for clinical work.
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Binnun, Nava Levit, Yulia Golland, Michael Davidovitch, and Arnon Rolnick. "The Biofeedback Odyssey: From Neal Miller to Current and Future Models of Regulation." Biofeedback 38, no. 4 (January 1, 2010): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-38.4.05.
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Abstract Neal Miller's research on animals and humans launched the field of self-regulation, enabling individuals to take a more active role in their health and well-being. However, his inquiry into whether autonomic operant conditioning occurs remains open to debate. This article contends that present-day biofeedback therapists continue to be confronted by this dilemma. In addition, the authors suggest other models of biofeedback in which the role of the practitioner has been expanded and to which a large repertoire of self-regulation techniques have been added. They propose that, in the future, the regulatory capacity of interpersonal interactions is recognized as in the proffered model of biofeedback, dyadic biofeedback (DBF). DBF allows for real-time training of interpersonal interactions, emphasizing learning through direct observation and active involvement, thus making a return to Miller's model.
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Christensen, James C., Pavel A. Shiyanov, Justin R. Estepp, and John J. Schlager. "Lack of Association between Human Plasma Oxytocin and Interpersonal Trust in a Prisoner’s Dilemma Paradigm." PLoS ONE 9, no. 12 (December 30, 2014): e116172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116172.
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Kontos, Nicholas. "Ethics of Incongruity: moral tension generators in clinical medicine." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105161.
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Affectively uncomfortable concern, anxiety, indecisionand disputation over ‘right’ action are among the expressions of moral tension associated with ethical dilemmas. Moral tension is generated and experienced by people. While ethical principles, rules and situations must be worked through in any dilemma, each occurs against a backdrop of people who enact them and stand much to gain or lose depending on how they are applied and resolved. This paper attempts to develop a taxonomy of moral tension based on its intrapersonal and interpersonal sources and expressions. The proposed ‘ethics of incongruity’ (EoI) outlines ways in which values, actions and needs can find themselves mismatched in morally relevant ways between patients and their clinicians, their own psychologies and their societies. Patient–clinician incongruities may manifest as discord, value misalignment and deception. Patient–patient (ie, intrapersonal) incongruities may manifest as incapacity, akrasia and self-deception. Patient–society incongruities may manifest as disenfranchisement, disaffiliation and disregard. Brief explanations of the incongruities in this scheme are provided, as are suggestions on working within them. Using concepts from moral philosophy when applicable, these suggestions may either ease direct resolution of problems arising from the incongruities, or make sense of the moral tension that arises from the human context of the ethical dilemma at hand. This presentation of content and resolution methods for the EOI is no doubt incomplete. Hopefully, refinement of this preliminary proposal will follow, particularly from clinicians, as the ones who, along with their patients, experience medical ethics in directly tension-inducing ways.
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Nowak, Ewa, and Adrianna Urbańska. "Moral Competence and Aggression Prevention. Updating MCT Pilot Studies Inspired by Georg Lind’s Book How to Teach Morality. Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit (2016)." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2017.1.13.
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Aggression in juveniles may increase even in modern societies and manifest itself in countless forms of violence, including harming, persecution, abuse, pressure, hostility, etc. A large number of studies on the evolutionary, psychological and sociological origins of aggression are available. However, we lack cognitive remedies to counter developing tendencies towards aggressive behavior. Georg Lind's book How to teach morality. Promoting deliberation and discussion, reducing violence and deceit (2016) offers such a remedy based on his long–term (1976–2017) experiences with dilemma discussion training. This paper draws on Lind's conception of strengthening socio-moral competence as the most efficient remedy against aggression. It also revisits the ongoing theories of empathy. Finally, it revises the pilot research study that we conducted 2010 among Polish and Swiss juveniles7. That study focused on the following hypotheses: Lind's method of dilemma discussion (KMDD) can train and retrain moral competence in uveniles that show a slight inclination towards aggressive behavior. Strong moral competence may prevent further maldevelopment, in particular interpersonal and collective violence.
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Holmes, Jeremy. "Borderline Personality Disorder and the Search for Meaning: An Attachment Perspective." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 5 (October 2003): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01232.x.
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Objective: To explore the links between the attachment theory-derived concept of disorganized attachment, and the psychiatric diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Method: Literature search for characteristics of disorganized attachment. Clinical case material from psychotherapeutic work with patients suffering from BPD. Results: Disorganized attachment can be understood in terms of an approach-avoidance dilemma for infants for whom stressed or traumatized/traumatizing caregivers are simultaneously a source of threat and a secure base. Interpersonal relationships in BPD including those with caregivers is similarly seen in terms of an approach-avoidance dilemma, which manifests itself in disturbed transference/countertransference interactions between therapists and BPD sufferers. Borderline personality disorder sufferers lack meaning in their lives because they are unable to play ‘language games’ with their potential intimates, resorting to actions rather than words to express feelings. Conclusions: Possible ways of handling these phenomena are suggested, based on Main's (1995) notion of ‘meta-cognitive monitoring’, in the hope of re-instating meaning and more stable self-structures, in these patients’ lives.
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Rivaux, Stephanie L., Sunju Sohn, Marilyn Peterson Armour, and Holly Bell. "Women's Early Recovery: Managing the Dilemma of Substance Abuse and Intimate Partner Relationships." Journal of Drug Issues 38, no. 4 (October 2008): 957–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260803800402.
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Numerous studies have shown that women's patterns of substance use are strongly impacted by social relationships. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method, this study examined the interplay between intimate partner relationships and substance abuse recovery through in-depth interviews with 17 women in a treatment program. Six essential themes about the dilemmas posed by recovery and relationships emerged from analysis: (a) experiencing themselves as damaged goods; (b) paying the price for both recovery and relationship choices made; (c) trading parts of self for relationships and drugs; (d) waking from the nightmare and realizing the impact of abuse; (e) hoping, but not always quite believing, in the possibility of recovery; (f) asking themselves “who's in charge of my life?” This study expands on previous findings by examining critical similarities in the dynamics of interpersonal relationships and recovery for women and the meanings they assign to each.
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Macer, Darryl. "Philosophical Challenges of Computing Ethics: UNESCO and Information Ethics." MANUSYA 7, no. 4 (2004): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00704002.
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Ethics and information activities are related in a number of ways. This paper discusses the role of UNESCO regarding information ethics. The main commitment of UNESCO is “free flow of information and access to knowledge sources,” and the organization has held various meetings and congresses to this purpose. Then the author’s project on mental mapping is discussed. The main focus of the project is on the question how interpersonal understanding is possible, and how this question is related to the problem of how human beings make decision in moral dilemma situations. The paper ends with a discussion of what is novel about information ethics in the age of computers.
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Bass, Lisa, and Kendrick Alston. "Black Masculine Caring and the Dilemma faced by Black Male Leaders." Journal of School Leadership 28, no. 6 (November 2018): 772–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268461802800604.
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The status of Black males in schools and society continues to be concerning, as Black males appear to fall behind other groups in almost every arena, particularly educationally, socially, and professionally. Yet despite their social standing, Black male administrators are often placed in, and have taken on, the charge to serve in high need schools where they oversee the education of Black males and other disadvantaged students. Therefore, there are many Black male students who have Black male administrators. This places them in a position to make a difference in lives of the Black male students and the other students they serve from less privileged backgrounds. This conceptual article discusses the professional challenges faced by Black male leaders and how they choose to lead schools despite these challenges. Tenants of the Black Masculine Caring (BMC) framework are introduced which illuminate ways in which Black male administrators practice interpersonal and institutional care, and how the way they care for students impacts school culture and climate. This article contributes to the literature on school leadership, as all school leaders, regardless of their race, or the race of their students, are expected to maintain positive school cultures and climates in which students are emotionally supported (Blankstein, 2004; Murphy and Torre, 2014). Implications for educational administrators are discussed.
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Pfeffer, Jeffrey, Christina T. Fong, Robert B. Cialdini, and Rebecca R. Portnoy. "Overcoming the Self-Promotion Dilemma: Interpersonal Attraction and Extra Help as a Consequence of Who Sings One's Praises." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32, no. 10 (October 2006): 1362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167206290337.
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Morisi, Davide, and Carolina Plescia. "Learning from the other side: how social networks influence turnout in a referendum campaign." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 48, no. 2 (January 21, 2018): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2017.30.
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Interpersonal discussion is considered to be one of the most influential sources of opinion formation and behaviour. Yet, an unresolved puzzle remains within the literature: while some studies show that discussion with not like-minded citizens depresses political participation, other studies, on the contrary, indicate that the same type of interpersonal discussion can foster political engagement. In this study, we address this unresolved democratic dilemma for the first time in a context of direct democracy, by focussing on the campaign leading to the 2016 Italian constitutional referendum. Specifically, we pay particular attention to the interaction between network diversity, ambivalence, and political knowledge. The findings show that frequent interactions with not like-minded citizens increase turnout. The results based on regression models and structural equation modelling indicate that this positive effect is channelled mainly through political learning, since network diversity increases factual knowledge about the constitutional reform, which in turn is associated with an increase in turnout. We do not find a significant effect of network diversity on ambivalence, as predicted by previous studies. These findings have important implications for deliberative theories and campaign strategies.
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Eide, Phyllis, and David Kahn. "Ethical Issues in the Qualitative Researcher—Participant Relationship." Nursing Ethics 15, no. 2 (March 2008): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007086018.
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Qualitative research poses ethical issues and challenges unique to the study of human beings. In developing the interpersonal relationship that is critical to qualitative research, investigator and participant engage in a dialogic process that often evokes stories and memories that are remembered and reconstituted in ways that otherwise would not occur. Ethical issues are raised when this relationship not only provides qualitative research data, but also leads to some degree of therapeutic interaction for the participant. The purpose of this article is to examine some of the controversies inherent in the researcher's dilemma when this occurs, set within the context of a nursing caring theory (Swanson), and the International Council of Nurses Code of ethics for nurses, which provides guidance on global nursing practice.
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Sagala, Gaffar Hafiz, and Tri Effiyanti. "SMEs project: a method to encourage interpersonal skills among pre-service accountant." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 12, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 883–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-04-2019-0097.
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Purpose Accounting Education Change Commission reveals that accounting professionals are required to have interpersonal skills. For this reason, higher education requires the dynamics of learning that can foster critical thinking skills, analysis, communication, negotiation, cooperation and argumentation. Therefore, studies in the field of accounting education have led to a project approach to provide students with complex learning experiences to develop various supporting skills in addition to learning outcomes. Interestingly, the methods have its own dilemma with social loafing in groups. Therefore, a lecturer must be able to match it with an appropriate evaluation instrument. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of implementing peer evaluations and project-based learning (SMEs project) on improving the interpersonal skills of accounting students. Design/methodology/approach The population of this research is Accounting students at Medan State University, while the sample is students who are undergoing Cost Accounting courses taken with purposive sampling. The within-sample of field experiment method was conducted in the current study. Furthermore, data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA analysis assisted by SPSS 19. Findings The results of this study showed that students had an increase in interpersonal skills in their board, and peer-evaluation design resulted in learning satisfaction and fairness in students. Originality/value The results of this study produce practical recommendations for lecturers to innovate their learning activities with actual project design and control group dynamics with accommodative evaluation designs. This study provides new insights in building a comprehensive instructional design, so it can strengthen the concept of instructional and evaluation designs which are integral parts that should match between one another.
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de Melo, Celso M., Peter Carnevale, and Jonathan Gratch. "The Impact of Emotion Displays in Embodied Agents on Emergence of Cooperation with People." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 20, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00062.
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Acknowledging the social functions of emotion in people, there has been growing interest in the interpersonal effect of emotion on cooperation in social dilemmas. This paper explores whether and how facial displays of emotion in embodied agents impact cooperation with human users. The paper describes an experiment where participants play the iterated prisoner's dilemma against two different agents that play the same strategy (tit-for-tat), but communicate different goal orientations (cooperative vs. individualistic) through their patterns of facial displays. The results show that participants are sensitive to differences in the displays of emotion and cooperate significantly more with the cooperative agent. The results also reveal that cooperation rates are only significantly different when people play first with the individualistic agent. This is in line with the well-known black-hat/white-hat effect from the negotiation literature. However, this study emphasizes that people can discern a cooperator (white-hat) from a noncooperator (black-hat) based only on emotion displays. We propose that people are able to identify the cooperator by inferring, from the emotion displays, the agent's goals. We refer to this as reverse appraisal, as it reverses the usual process in which appraising relevant events with respect to one's goals leads to specific emotion displays. We discuss implications for designing human–computer interfaces and understanding human–human interaction.
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Uddin, Mohammed Faruque. "Application of Yager’s Fuzzy Logic in Sociological Research: An Instance of Potential Payoff." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p227.
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This article exemplifies Yager’s theory of fuzzy logic for interpersonal communication to the area of social research. Taking the dilemma between qualitative and quantitative approaches into the account, there is an anticipation to make a merge between these two. There is an enormous prospect to turn up scientists’ philanthropic innovations if they could use fuzzy logic in social science researches! However, by using fuzzy logic in sociological research there is a great deal of opportunity to study the social facts related to poverty, consumption, employment, intersubjectivity, social capital, environment, gender etc. How can we use Yager’s theory of Fuzzy Logic to analyze the relationship between social capital and labor market partcicpation? From the experiential connection in Bangladesh society, I try to seek this answer using a hypothetical quantification of attributes.
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Behler, Anna Maria C., Catherine S. J. Wall, Adriana Bos, and Jeffrey D. Green. "To Help or To Harm? Assessing the Impact of Envy on Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 7 (January 12, 2020): 1156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219897660.
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Two studies examined how envy influences prosocial and antisocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants in an envious state (relative to a neutral state) were less helpful: They picked up fewer dropped pencils in their immediate vicinity. We expanded upon these findings by examining how envy affected both helping and harming behavior in a competitive scenario. In Experiment 2, individuals in envious or neutral states assigned puzzle tasks to another student in a prisoner’s dilemma style scenario. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed via the difficulty of the assigned puzzles (easy puzzles were considered helpful and difficult puzzles were harmful). We hypothesized that experiencing envy would result in greater motive to harm as well as greater likelihood of engaging in harmful behavior. The hypothesis was supported, suggesting that envy has detrimental ramifications that go beyond the individual and extend to interpersonal relationships.
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Cino, Davide, and Laura Formenti. "To share or not to share? That is the (social media) dilemma. Expectant mothers questioning and making sense of performing pregnancy on social media." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 27, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856521990299.
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Posting about one’s pregnancy on social media has become a common practice for many expectant mothers in the global North. However, social media sharing implies transcending the conventional time and space boundaries of interpersonal communication. As such, women may feel ill at ease when deciding whether and how to narrate their journey online. This article examines mothers’ pre-birth social media dilemmas via a thematic analysis of 1237 posts from 26 threads on a parenting forum in which expectant mothers discussed their doubts and fears about sharing their pregnancy on social media. The dilemmatic dimension of social media sharing challenges the simplistic idea that sharenting is a practice most women naively adhere to without question. Indeed, the present research shows that online posters face dilemmas about performing their pregnancies on social media and collectively learn to make sense of and question a culture of surveillance, while reclaiming their self-representational agency in the process.
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Mischo, Christoph. "Promoting perspective coordination by dilemma discussion. The effectiveness of classroom group discussion on interpersonal negotiation strategies of 12-year-old students." Social Psychology of Education 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11218-004-1884-y.
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Pulcu, E., E. J. Thomas, P. D. Trotter, M. McFarquhar, G. Juhasz, B. J. Sahakian, J. F. W. Deakin, I. M. Anderson, R. Zahn, and R. Elliott. "Social-economical decision making in current and remitted major depression." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 6 (October 10, 2014): 1301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714002414.
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Background.Prosocial emotions related to self-blame are important in guiding human altruistic decisions. These emotions are elevated in major depressive disorder (MDD), such that MDD has been associated with guilt-driven pathological hyper-altruism. However, the impact of such emotional impairments in MDD on different types of social decision-making is unknown.Method.In order to address this issue, we investigated different kinds of altruistic behaviour (interpersonal cooperation and fund allocation, altruistic punishment and charitable donation) in 33 healthy subjects, 35 patients in full remission (unmedicated) and 24 currently depressed patients (11 on medication) using behavioural-economical paradigms.Results.We show a significant main effect of clinical status on altruistic decisions (p = 0.04) and a significant interaction between clinical status and type of altruistic decisions (p = 0.03). More specifically, symptomatic patients defected significantly more in the Prisoner's Dilemma game (p < 0.05) and made significantly lower charitable donations, whether or not these incurred a personal cost (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Currently depressed patients also reported significantly higher guilt elicited by receiving unfair financial offers in the Ultimatum Game (p < 0.05).Conclusions.Currently depressed individuals were less altruistic in both a charitable donation and an interpersonal cooperation task. Taken together, our results challenge the guilt-driven pathological hyper-altruism hypothesis in depression. There were also differences in both current and remitted patients in the relationship between altruistic behaviour and pathological self-blaming, suggesting an important role for these emotions in moral and social decision-making abnormalities in depression.
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Kazantsev, Andrey, and Richard Sakwa. "New ‘dividing lines’ in Europe: A crisis of trust in European–Russian relations." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, no. 3-4 (August 4, 2012): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.07.003.
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The paper presents the materials of the special issue “Institutions, Networks and Trust in European–Russian relations” offering various interdisciplinary perspectives on EU–Russia relations. The positions of the authors of the special edition are analysed in the context of both Western and Russian literature on EU–Russia relations. This analysis is conducted within the framework of close to Constructivism “security community” approach that stresses the role of common interests, shared values, communications, interpersonal contacts and trust in overcoming conflicts. In this context, the emergence of new ‘dividing lines’ in Europe is considered as the result of crisis of trust and institutional crisis in EU– Russia relations. From this point of view the recent literature on the roots of European–Russian conflict, on connections between Russian domestic and foreign policy, on value-interest dilemma in Western–Russian relations, on the new Cold War/Cold Peace theory, on the structure of EU policy towards Russia and internal splits inside EU is reviewed.
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Wouters, Jelle J. P. "The making of tribes." Contributions to Indian Sociology 51, no. 1 (February 2017): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966716677406.
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Highlighting ‘pre’, ‘trans’ and ‘new’ tribal formations amongst upland Nagas in India’s Northeast, this article formulates both a historical critique against dominant categorisations of the region’s social landscape and posits alternative ways of ‘seeing’ local patterns of kinship, identity and belonging. Drawing on ethno-historical perspectives from the Chang and Chakhesang Nagas, I illustrate the problematic cultural transitivity of the idea and idiom of ‘tribe’ which conceals the social formations that existed—and occasionally persist—before, beneath, betwixt and between categories of ‘tribe’. This realisation brings us to a dilemma which, I think, ought to be at the heart of the anthropology of Nagas and of India’s Northeast more widely—namely, how to account for the ethnographic observation that social organisation—both past and present—is based on interpersonal, village and clan networks which cut across tribal and ethnic groups with clearly permeable boundaries and yet most people maintain a view of the whole society as made up of partitioned, culturally coherent and historically immutable entities.
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Kashima, Yoshihisa. "Cultural Dynamics for Sustainability: How Can Humanity Craft Cultures of Sustainability?" Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721420949516.
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Humanity faces twin problems of adaptation—natural environmental challenges of climate change and global humanitarian challenges of ensuring well-being for all—that pose a dilemma for sustainable development. One way forward is to develop cultures of sustainability that highlight and reward the ideas and practices that will help us transition to a sustainable lifestyle. Although institutional responses are necessary and multidisciplinary approaches are required, individual citizens can also participate in cultural dynamics—the process of cultural formation, maintenance, and transformation—to craft cultures of sustainability, and psychological science can point to potential mechanisms for effecting this cultural change. Informed by the niche-construction perspective, I suggest that the critical ingredients of cultures of sustainability include (a) conceptions of human–nature connectedness, (b) conceptions of human–artifact relation, (c) interpersonal conversations about sustainability norms within social networks, and (d) visions of an achievable utopia for a sustainable future. Further research and action are called for.
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Johnston, Isobel-Marie. "Dressing the Part." Fieldwork in Religion 12, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.35667.
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A researcher with conservative clothing style could potentially confuse the women with whom she conducts research on contemporary Niddah practices, inviting accusations of unethically misrepresenting oneself to both the liberal and Orthodox communities in the Greater Phoenix Valley of Arizona, USA where the research will be conducted. This article reflects three years of wrestling with this dilemma, which has enabled the author to articulate and refine her current stance regarding researcher attire and broader ethical issues concerning power and representation in ethnographic research, as informed by her studies in critical ethnography and feminist methodologies. Drawing on Dwight Conquergood’s and D. Soyini Madison’s articulations of critical ethnography, the quality of the author’s ethnographic engagement leading up to the interviews should decode one’s attire and clarify questions about the researcher’s position, bias, and integrity. This methodology expresses itself through ethnographic strategies and interpersonal interactions with members of the communities. Additionally, this methodology requires the author and the community members to be mutually candid concerning their questions about their own menstrual practices, sex life, marital histories, and religious perspectives. More than establishing trust in the author’s emotional honesty and integrity as an academic, such candour levels the interviewer–interviewee playing field, critical for research touching on marital dynamics and sex lives. This integrates critical ethnography and interactive interview processes in terms of collaborative knowledge construction. These critical ethnographic and feminist methodologies further demand that this same degree of candour in academic communications, trust and interpersonal integrity should determine the matrix that produces the research and the researcher’s relationship with the Greater Phoenix Jewish community.
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Angove, C. "The inescapable bond with a predetermined heritage: a phenomenon illustrated by representative characters from three Athol Fugard plays." Literator 8, no. 3 (May 7, 1987): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v8i3.866.
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This article has been gleaned from an MA dissertation on Fugard’s portrayal of the Afrikaner. In determining which characters in the English-dominated Fugard plays can safely be categorized as Afrikaners, one is confronted with the dilemma of the Coloured Afrikaner, who shares the language and culture of the Afrikaner, yet is excluded from any real sense of Afrikaner identity. In this article the White and Coloured Afrikaner characters in three Fugard plays are analysed and discussed in accordance with their perception of their bondage to their cultura. I try to illustrate how each character’s decisions and interpersonal relationships are, to a large extent, the result of the witting or unwitting adherence to a cultural identity. The characters discussed are: Morris, the Coloured brother in The Blood Knof; Frieda and Errol in Statements after an Arrest under the Immorality Act; and Piet, Gladys and Steve in A Lesson from Aloes. “Man is bound to space and time ... a fact that one should never overemphasize or underestimate.” - (J.H. Coetzee)
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Stuke, Frauke, Anna‐Lena Bröcker, Samuel Bayer, Andreas Heinz, Felix Bermpohl, Günter Lempa, Dorothea Haebler, and Christiane Montag. "Between a rock and a hard place: Associations between Mentzos' “dilemma”, self‐reported interpersonal problems, and psychosocial functioning in individuals with non‐affective psychoses." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 27, no. 4 (March 9, 2020): 528–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2437.
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Bitsch, Florian, Philipp Berger, Arne Nagels, Irina Falkenberg, and Benjamin Straube. "S142. NOVEL CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL IMPAIRMENTS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.208.
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Abstract Background Social deficits are a well-known phenotype of schizophrenia, which strongly influence the clinical progress of patients. A core substrate of these dysfunctions are altered Theory of Mind (ToM) processes which critically shape social interactions and can impress in an exaggerated and atrophied form in the disorder. Although there is a well-established link between clinical outcome measures and ToM deficits, less evidence exists about the neural and behavioral mechanisms underlying a specific core function responsible for forming interpersonal mental representations, which in turn aid to optimize social interactions. Along this line, an urgent clinical issue is how alterations in these interpersonal predictive processes translate into clinical issues and whether they can be positively influenced by psychological group interventions. Methods In a set of different studies, we used functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging and a dynamic social interactive task, a modified prisoner’s dilemma game, in which the participants can form mental representations of different interaction partners in order to optimize their joint interaction sequences. Methodologically, we have drawn on several sophisticated methods ranging from graph theoretic network indices, functional and effective connectivity to structural covariance analyses and linked them with behavioral and clinical outcome measures. Results Our data shows a central relevance of the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) in forming mental representations in healthy subjects, given the region integrates memory processing streams during social interactions. Further behavioral analyses indicate that these mechanisms are relevant for interpersonal adaptive processes during social interactions. In patients with schizophrenia, we have found dysfunctions in this important mechanism, indicated by a reduced integration of neural pathways from the temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus. These alterations are associated with behavioral indices of dysfunctions in generating mental representations during an interpersonal interaction. When we examined neural computations in the entire ToM network, we found for the first time that the rTPJ has reduced out-going effective connections to brain regions linked with higher-order cognition, such as the dmPFC, in patients. On a conceptual level, this finding might be associated with dysfunctional updating processes from brain regions located in the temporal lobe, which will be an ongoing empirical question. Discussion Our results indicate a central pathological relevance of the rTPJ for social dysfunctions in schizophrenia. First, the regions seem to be less informed by memory processing streams, relevant to update social information by previous information. Additionally, we have shown that in the core mentalizing network the region integrates to a lesser extent into the dmPFC, which might be associated with our previous findings. Our results show concrete targets for specific interventions to improve the clinical important social-cognitive dysfunctions occurring in the disorder. Hence, we suggest approaches to enhance the functioning of brain mechanisms relevant for human connections that can facilitate the patients’ clinical outcome.
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Ünsal, Efe, Sanem Kaptanoğlu, and Hayat Kabasakal. "The Turkish Super League meets its first female club president." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-10-2020-0375.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows. First, female managers can face gender inequity in different forms, such as the glass ceiling and glass cliff, while they run for leadership positions, especially in male-dominated business contexts. Second, managers can show high performance and be effective leaders as long as they are aware of that all managers are evaluated according to a wide variety of criteria, and play many different managerial roles, such as interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. Finally, managers should pay attention to all stakeholders’ demands in decision-making process for sustainability and performing better in the long run. Case overview/synopsis Since football began gaining popularity in Turkey at the dawn of the 20th century, the sport remains the most popular national sport today. However, recently, a new name has shaken the world of Turkish football: Berna Gozbasi, the first female football manager in Turkish history. In the middle of 2019–2020 football season, Gozbasi became the first female club president after she assumed leadership of Kayserispor. Kayserispor was officially founded as a Turkish professional football club in 1966, and, as its name suggests, was based in Kayseri, a sizeable industrialised city located in Central Anatolia. The team competes in the “Turkish Super League”, Turkey’s top football competition. In this case, to discuss gender inequity, leadership, and management in the sport context, the authors explained the dilemma Gozbasi faced while she decided whether or not to accept this challenging role. Then, the authors examined the experiences she gained as a leader and the dilemma she faced to diminish the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organisation she led. Complexity academic level Undergraduate and MBA students. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
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Barnickel, Martin. "Die Strafkammer aus der Perspektive von Michel Foucault." Kritische Vierteljahresschrift für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft 103, no. 4 (2020): 388–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-7869-2020-4-388.
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The French philosopher Michel Foucault, who is regarded as the founder of the discourse analysis of power and knowledge theory, also dealt with "heterotopias". He understood this to mean counter-places in which the everyday real places are simultaneously represented, questioned and reversed. Understanding the proceedings of the German criminal courts as a heterotopia opens up new perspectives and illustrates the difficulties that arise when the irrational "real space" of interpersonal relationships and human behavior must be mirrored with legal rationality for the (re)construction of a "truth". The criminal division's mandate to determine the truth, which can be interpreted as a "will to knowledge" in the Foucault sense, especially when considering whether the accused should be placed in a psychiatric hospital or in preventive detention, often leads to the individual concerned resisting such objectification. This is because it divides him into - scientific - categories and demands that he must accept a truth about himself that is the truth of others. This is probably one reason why the accused refuses to cooperate in the "correction" primarily intended by the state. However, this dilemma is neither a reason to return from preventive theories of punishment in favour of absolute theories of punishment, nor to dispense with the will to knowledge in a consensual settlement of proceedings.
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Podkowińska, Monika, and Beáta Balogová. "Principles, Rules, Difficulties and Dilemmas of Interpersonal Communication in the Social Work." Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 2020(41), no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2020.4.05.
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The article presents the selected principles of interpersonal communication in social work, paying attention to communication rules referring to active listening, choosing the right questions, or adapting the language to the interlocutor. The authors devoted a special place to communication awareness and the look at interpersonal communication as a meeting with an individual, a unique an exceptional person. In addition to the selected communication principles, the authors has also presented the selected dilemmas and communication difficulties that determine the quality of the conversation, its course and effects.
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Thompson, Khalil, Kendrick King, Eddy Nahmias, Negar Fani, Trevor Kvaran, Erin B. Tone, and Jessica A. Turner. "Social Feedback Modulates Neural Response Associated With Cognitive Bias in Individuals Expressing Anxious Symptoms." Chronic Stress 3 (January 2019): 247054701984864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019848648.
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Background Social anxiety is characterized by a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes and consequences before, during, and after interpersonal interactions with social partners. Recent evidence suggests that a network of brain regions critical for perspective-taking, threat appraisal, and uncertainty resolution may function atypically in those prone to social anxiety. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine neural activity in specific regions of interest in a sample of young adults who endorsed high or low levels of social anxiety. Methods We recruited 31 college student volunteers (age: 18–28 years), categorized as having high or low anxiety based on their Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self Report scores. These participants were each scanned while playing the iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game with three computerized confederates, two of whom they were deceived to believe were human co-players. This study focuses on data collected during play with the presumed humans. Regions of interest were defined for the temporoparietal junction, anterior midcingulate, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Average weighted mean blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals for each subject were extracted and analyzed using mixed design analyses of variance to detect group differences in activation during decision-making, anticipation, and appraisal of round outcomes during the game. Results Behavior analysis revealed that the high-anxiety group was more likely to defect than the low-anxiety group. Neuroimaging analysis showed that the high-anxiety group exhibited elevated blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity relative to the low-anxiety group in all three regions during the social feedback appraisal phase but not during decision-making or the anticipation of interaction outcomes. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that some behaviors linked to cognitive biases associated with social anxiety may be mediated by a network of regions involved in recognizing and processing directed social information. Future investigation of the neural basis of cognition and bias in social anxiety using the prisoner’s dilemma and other economic-exchange tasks is warranted. These tasks appear to be highly effective, functional magnetic resonance imaging-compatible methods of probing altered cognition and behavior associated with anxiety and related conditions.
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Zhang, Tao, Huijun Wen, and Xi Li. "A Tourist-Based Model of Authenticity of Heritage Sporting Events: The Case of Naadam." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010108.
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As one of the important forms of intangible cultural heritage, heritage sporting events are becoming a potential catalyst of tourism. Commodification of heritage sporting events becomes popular for local authorities to boost economic development and express cultural authenticity, given that authenticity creates genuine performances and moving tourism experiences. However, commodification of heritage is a double-edged sword. It is a dilemma to commercialize a heritage sporting event while keeping its authenticity. Therefore, this study proposes a tourist-based model of authenticity to solve this problem, in which the authenticity of heritage sporting events incorporates “cool” and “hot” factors. The model examines these factors and their impact on tourist satisfaction and loyalty using Naadam as the example. Seven hundred questionnaires were distributed at six sites located from east to west of the Inner Mongolia, China. Factor analysis shows there are two factors in cool and hot authenticity, respectively. Both factors of cool authenticity have direct impacts on hot authenticity, satisfaction, and loyalty. Though both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors of hot authenticity have direct positive impacts on tourist satisfaction, only the former affects loyalty directly. The results show the authenticity of event culture is the most important and effective authentic factor, while authentic auxiliary products—the direct expression of commodification—is indispensable for authenticity. This study is helpful for maintaining authenticity and cultural sustainability of heritage sporting events as a destination tourism attraction, given the fact that commodification and the marketing of heritage sporting events has become popular for heritage destination development.
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Snell, Robin S. "Obedience to Authority and Ethical Dilemmas in Hong Kong Companies." Business Ethics Quarterly 9, no. 3 (July 1999): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857514.
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Abstract:This paper reports a phenomenological sub-study of a larger project investigating the way Hong Kong Chinese staff tackled their own ethical dilemmas at work. A special analysis was conducted of eight dilemma cases arising from a request by a boss or superior authority to do something regarded as ethically wrong. In reports of most such cases, staff expressed feelings of contractual or interpersonally based obligation to obey. They sought to save face and preserve harmony in their relationship with authority by choosing between “little potato” obedience, token obedience, and undercover disobedience. Only where no such obligation existed was face in relation to authority unimportant, and open disobedience chosen. In Kohlbergian terms, ethical reasoning at the conventional stages (three and four) predominated in dilemmas of obedience. Findings imply that if corruption were to originate at the top, codes of conduct recently introduced into Hong Kong may be of limited effect in stalling it.
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Rodríguez Ortiz, Angélica María, Rosa Elmira Coral Cadena, María Guadalupe Andino, and Óscar William Portilla. "Habilidades de argumentación. Una propuesta para el planteamiento de posibles soluciones a los conflictos interpersonales." Revista Educación y Desarrollo Social 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/reds.2966.
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El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación en torno a la influencia del desarrollo de habilidades argumentativas en el planteamiento de posibles soluciones a los conflictos interpersonales que se presentan en el entorno escolar. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, en el cual se diseñó una unidad didáctica desde la estrategia del análisis de dilemas morales, a partir de situaciones conflictivas presentadas en el aula —adaptados al modelo de desarrollo moral de Kohlberg—. El estudio permitió la comprensión del concepto de conflicto interpersonal y el uso de la argumentación para el planteamiento de posibles soluciones sustentadas en argumentos razonados y razonables. La investigación permitió concluir que el desarrollo de habilidades argumentativas les brinda a los estudiantes herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas para afrontar situaciones de conflicto interpersonal de forma constructiva, de manera que se planteen soluciones argumentadas.
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Mischo, Christoph. "Fördert Gruppendiskussion die Perspektiven-Koordination?" Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 36, no. 1 (January 2004): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637.36.1.30.
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Zusammenfassung. Eine entscheidende Bedingung für sozial kompetentes Handeln sind die beteiligten sozialen Kognitionen. Diese werden im Rahmen des Ansatzes interpersonaler Aushandlungs-Strategien von Selman hinsichtlich des Niveaus der Perspektiven-Koordination und hinsichtlich der Schritte der Informationsverarbeitung spezifiziert. Zur Förderung der Perspektiven-Koordination wird in dieser Studie die in der Moralförderung bewährte Methode der Dilemma-Diskussion eingesetzt. In einem Prä-Post Kontrollgruppen-Design wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Diskussion über soziale Dilemmata zwischen Gleichaltrigen (6. und 7. Klasse) zu einer höheren Stufe der Perspektive-Koordination führt als die ausschließlich individuelle Bearbeitung dieser Dilemmata. Unabhängig von der Intelligenz führt die kooperative Bearbeitung gegenüber der individuellen Bearbeitung der Konfliktepisoden zu einer höheren Perspektiven-Übernahme hinsichtlich zwei der insgesamt vier Schritte der Informationsverarbeitung. Zusammenhänge zwischen Fremdbeurteilung des Sozialverhaltens und der Stufe der Perspektiven-Koordination bestehen zum ersten Messzeitpunkt bei drei der vier Informationsverarbeitungs-Schritte. Abschließend werden weitere Forschungsfragen und Anwendungsperspektiven diskutiert.
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Köbis, Nils C., Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Francesca Righetti, and Paul A. M. Van Lange. "Prospection in Individual and Interpersonal Corruption Dilemmas." Review of General Psychology 20, no. 1 (March 2016): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000069.
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McClinton Appollis, Tracy, Sander Matthijs Eggers, Petrus J. de Vries, Hein de Vries, Crick Lund, and Cathy Mathews. "The Impact of Participation in Research About Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence: An Investigation of Harms, Benefits, and Regrets in Young Adolescents in the Western Cape of South Africa." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 3-4 (February 13, 2017): 943–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517691522.
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There is very little evidence whether recalling and answering questions about abuse or interpersonal violence has a positive or negative impact on participants of such research. This is an important ethical dilemma to ensure an appropriate risk-benefit ratio in research with young people is maintained. We assessed reported harms, benefits, and regrets of young adolescents who participated in a sensitive research project, and compared the harms and benefits in those who had and had not been victims and/or perpetrators of abuse or intimate partner violence. Participants were 3,264 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in 41 public schools in the Western Cape, South Africa, who completed a survey about intimate partner violence, verbal, physical, and sexual abuse, as part of an HIV prevention cluster randomized controlled trial. The majority of participants reported research participation as beneficial (70.3%), while 27.7% reported harms and 14% regrets. Victims of abuse were more likely than non-victims to report benefits (71.9% vs. 67.1%; p = .02) and harms (31% vs. 20.9%; p < .01) and were less likely to report regret (13.1% vs. 16.7%; p = .02). Perpetrators of abuse were less likely than non-perpetrators to report benefits (67.4% vs. 72.8%; p = .01) and more likely to report harms (36.4% vs. 26.1%; p < .01) and regrets (17.4% vs. 13.3%; p = .01). Our findings suggested that research participation was more likely to have a positive rather than a negative emotional impact on young adolescents and that relatively few regretted participating. Victims and perpetrators of abuse were more likely to report benefits than harms, supporting the ethical appropriateness of ongoing research on abuse and violence. We recommend that further research is required to clarify and standardize terminology and instruments to quantify these kinds of evaluations, including measurement of the severity and intensity of reported benefits, harms and regrets, and the longer term impact of participation in sensitive research.
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Cao, Viet Quoc. "SuperShip: Journey of a Successful Entrepreneur." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 9, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977920905294.
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SuperShip Vietnam, a Joint Stock Company, founded in 2015, specializes in freight forwarding and express delivery services for e-commerce transactions in Vietnam. In 4 years, it has come a long way from a start-up with only five members and VNĐ 40 million (~US$1,800) as the capital. Difficulties and challenges faced by the firm were incredibly huge. Nevertheless, with slow but steady growth, the company utilized the quality of services as the foundation to build customer satisfaction and loyalty rather than taking the route of price-based competition. SuperShip has grown steadily to become a prestigious and well-established enterprise in the fast-moving freight forwarding market. SuperShip is not yet satisfied with its multiple accomplishments as there are still many peaks to conquer to achieve the company’s vision. The case highlights as to how through participation in union-association and volunteering activities; implementing small business plans to earn extra money during college days can help in developing leadership, negotiation and interpersonal skills and hone the entrepreneurship trait. Dilemma For steady growth, should the company utilize the quality of services as the foundation to build customer satisfaction and loyalty or take the route of price-based competition. Theory: Sustainability of a business in goods delivery sector Type of the case: Experience-based applied single case study Protagonist: The owner of the firm Options Copy the business model of the two large players in the existing market and offer similar services. Raise the benchmark of customer satisfaction and loyalty by designing and delivering superior quality of service with the help of well trained and empowered employees. Discussions and Case Questions For a training firm is it better to focus on a single service and performing it with excellence than offering many courses. How did SuperShip created its point of difference? How the firm can grow further while raising funds at a low cost? What is the next level of quality of service that the firm should target?
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Thomas, Robert James, Gareth Reginald Terence White, and Anthony Samuel. "Exploring the motivations to participate in an online brand community: a study of 7–11-year-old children." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 8 (June 16, 2021): 2308–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2019-0730.
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Purpose The purpose of this research is to understand what motivates 7–11-year-old children to participate in online brand communities (OBCs). Prior research has concentrated on prescriptive product categories (games and gaming), predominantly adolescent groups and the social aspects of community engagement and actual behaviour within communities, rather than the motivations to participate with the OBC. This has ultimately limited what has been gleaned, both theoretically and managerially, from this important segment. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive, longitudinal position is adopted, using a sample of 261 children (113 male and 148 female) from across the UK, using event-based diaries over a 12-month period, generating 2,224 entries. Findings Data indicate that children are motivated to participate in a brand community for four reasons: to support and ameliorate pre-purchase anxieties, resolve interpersonal conflicts, exact social dominance in terms of product ownership and perceptions of product knowledge and to actively engage in digitalised pester power. The study also reveals that certain motivational aspects such as conflict resolution and exacting dominance, are gender-specific. Research limitations/implications Knowledge of children’s motivation to engage with OBCs is important for marketers and brand managers alike as the data reveal markedly different stimuli when compared to known adult behaviours in the field. Given the nature of the study, scope exists for significant future research. Practical implications The study reveals behaviours that will assist brand managers in further understanding the complex and untraditional relationships that children have with brands and OBCs. Originality/value This study makes a novel examination of a hitherto little-explored segment of consumers. In doing so, it uncovers the theoretical and practical characteristics of child consumers that contemporary, adult-focussed literature does not recognise. The paper makes an additional contribution to theory by positing four new behavioural categories relating to community engagement – dependers, defusers, demanders and dominators – and four new motivational factors which are fundamentally different from adult taxonomies – social hegemony, parental persuasion, dilemma solving and conflict resolution.
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Prus, Robert. "Shopping with companions: Images, influences and interpersonal dilemmas." Qualitative Sociology 16, no. 2 (1993): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00989745.
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