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Hewetson, Ronelle, Petrea Cornwell, and David H. K. Shum. "Relationship and Social Network Change in People With Impaired Social Cognition Post Right Hemisphere Stroke." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 2S (April 16, 2021): 962–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00047.
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Purpose This article investigated relationship and social network change in the presence of a social cognition impairment post right hemisphere (RH) stroke. Impaired emotion perception and inferential reasoning are sources of interpersonal difficulty in people with social cognition impairment after traumatic brain injury. People with an RH stroke have also been identified as vulnerable to interpersonal relationship change. However, the influence of impairments in particular domains of communication or cognition on relationship and social network maintenance is yet to be explored. Method A multiple-case study methodology allowed for testing of theoretically developed propositions by exploring social networks and relationships within and between seven participant–proxy dyads. Purposeful recruitment was based on first-onset RH stroke and impaired social cognition, as determined by The Awareness of Social Inference Test. Results Social network size reduction (71.4%, n = 5) and interpersonal relationship change (85.7%, n = 6) were attributed to altered communication style, impairments in social cognition, and reduced insight and/or motivation. The spouse emerged as a facilitator of social engagement. Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the challenges experienced by people with impaired social cognition post RH stroke in maintaining relationships and their social networks.
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Lin, Xin Yao, and Margie E. Lachman. "SOCIAL NETWORK SIZE AND FREQUENCY OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION: THE RELATIONSHIP TO INTERPERSONAL STRESS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.618.
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Abstract Social relationships are beneficial for psychological wellbeing, but they are also associated with interpersonal stress. With the growing usage of multiple forms of electronic communications (EC) including phone calls, text messages, video chat, and internet among adults of all ages, it was of interest to explore the relationship between social network size (SNS), in-person communication (PC), and EC, and whether the relationship between SNS and frequency of communication is associated with interpersonal stress. A daily diary study was conducted over seven days for 142 participants ages 22 to 94. SNS was assessed with the social convoy model. Frequency of PC and EC, along with interpersonal stress, were assessed daily. As expected, multiple regression analysis results showed that older adults had smaller SNS and less frequent technology communication (text messages, video chat, internet) compared to younger adults. With regard to effects on interpersonal stress, there were no main effects for frequency of PC, EC, or SNS. However, the frequency of EC moderated the relationship between SNS and interpersonal stress, controlling for amount of PC. Among those with a smaller SNS, having more frequent EC was associated with less interpersonal stress compared to those with less frequent EC. For those with a larger SNS, having more frequent EC was associated with more interpersonal stress compared to those with less EC, but PC was not related to interpersonal stress. The discussion will consider implications of the findings for developing interventions to minimize stress from interpersonal communications, especially those that involve EC.
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Feng, Pihu, Zaiwu Gong, and Duoyong Sun. "Research on interpersonal relationship network of pyramid scheme organization based on social network: A case study." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 07 (July 2019): 1940016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119400163.
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As a form of organized crime, pyramid scheme has brought huge economic losses to many countries, especially China, and caused serious social problems. How to deeply analyze the structure of pyramid scheme organizations is a necessary topic to explore and combat pyramid scheme organizations. Social network analysis is an effective method to study organized crime. Among them, the motif and exponential random graph models are effective tools for studying organizational microstructure, endogenous process. For the first time, this paper uses the social network analysis to study the interpersonal relationship network of a specific pyramid scheme organization, the typical case of “5.03” in Hunan Province was taken as the research object, and the above model was used for modeling analysis. The results show that the interpersonal relationship network has a sparse density. The microstructure is not a pyramid structure that is generally considered, but presents more ternary closures. Cross-community links, cross-level links between core employees and surrounding employees are less. The pyramid scheme network of interpersonal relationships has obvious homogeneity characteristics.
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Whelan, Chad. "Informal social networks within and between organisations." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 39, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-07-2015-0087.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying relational properties of security networks by focusing specifically on the relationship between formal and informal ties, and interpersonal and inter-organisational trust. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on 20 qualitative interviews with senior members of police and security agencies across the field of counter-terrorism in Australia. Findings – The findings suggest that the underlying relational properties of security networks are highly complex, making it difficult to distinguish between formal and informal ties, interpersonal and inter-organisational trust. The findings also address the importance of informal ties and interpersonal trust for the functioning of organisational security networks. Research limitations/implications – The research is exploratory in nature and extends to a number of organisational security networks in the field of counter-terrorism in Australia. While it is anticipated that the findings will be relevant in a variety of contexts, further research is required to advance our knowledge of the implications and properties of informal social networks within defined network boundaries. Practical implications – The findings suggest that the functioning of security networks is likely to be highly dependent on the underlying social relationships between network members. This has practical implications for those responsible for designing and managing security networks. Originality/value – The paper calls attention to a very understudied topic by focusing on the dynamics of informal ties and interpersonal trust within organisational security networks.
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Orehek, Edward, Amanda L. Forest, and Sara Wingrove. "People as Means to Multiple Goals: Implications for Interpersonal Relationships." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 44, no. 10 (May 9, 2018): 1487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167218769869.
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The present research examines the implications of having relationship partners who serve as means to multiple goals. Specifically, we test the hypotheses that (a) partners who serve more goals will be evaluated as more interpersonally close, supportive, and responsive than those who serve fewer goals, and (b) partners who serve more goals will be less common in social networks than those who serve fewer goals. Three studies ( N = 1,064) found consistent support for these hypotheses while examining relationships with all members of participants’ active social network and their full range of goal pursuits. In addition, we found that the association between number of goals a partner serves and relationship evaluation is stronger for people who perceived their social networks as less (vs. more) instrumental on average, and among people who perceived their relationships as less close, less supportive, and less responsive, on average. Implications for close relationships are discussed.
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Ekanayake, Samanthi, Paul Childerhouse, and Peter Sun. "The symbiotic existence of interorganizational and interpersonal ties in supply chain collaboration." International Journal of Logistics Management 28, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 723–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2014-0198.
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Purpose Social network perspective to interorganizational relations focuses on the effect of organizations’ external relationships in collaboration as opposed to their internal resources and capabilities. It presumes that effectively managing such relationships is vital to gaining collaborative synergies. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the growing interest in the social network perspective to explain supply chain collaboration. Design/methodology/approach Literature from the network field is discussed in the context of interorganizational collaboration. A logistics service provider’s network is explored in depth leading to the inductive construction of a multi-level model of social network collaboration. Findings The conceptual model provides a useful lens to evaluate supply chain collaboration. The symbiotic relationship between interorganizational and interpersonal networks is highlighted as vital for effective collaboration. Research limitations/implications The conceptual model has only been developed from a single network. Wider application is required to ensure generalizability. The critical role of the personal networks of boundary spanning actors at different levels wants further investigation. Practical implications Partners’ intra-organizational structures and personal ties of boundary spanners, both at the senior and operational level, have a profound effect on supply chain operations. Originality/value Personal networks interact with organizational networks and complement each other in yielding interfirm collaborative synergies.
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Lo, Chih-Cheng, Chun-Hsien Wang, and Yi-Wen Lin. "Professional or Interpersonal Trust? Effect of Social Network on the Intention to Undergo Cosmetic Procedures." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040122.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the influence of friendship and medical advice networks on customers’ intention to undergo cosmetic procedures and its relationship to the role of professional and interpersonal trust in seeking cosmetic information. We propose that both interpersonal and professional trust play a mediating role in medical cosmetic information-seeking behaviors. In doing so, a purposive sampling of 289 customers from 21 cosmetic clinics was surveyed while all these customers received medical cosmetics treatment. The empirical analysis has shown that customers who are central to the friendship network have a high level of interpersonal trust, which positively mediates the relationship between friendship networks and their decisions to adopt cosmetic procedures. Our findings suggest that the understanding of friendship and advice networks enables us to explore the explicit details of how customers exchange information related to cosmetic surgery. Finally, our findings also made practical contributions, while the counseling service of medical clinic is required to take not only professional but also interpersonal trust into consideration.
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Dimmick, John, John Christian Feaster, and Artemio Ramirez. "The niches of interpersonal media: Relationships in time and space." New Media & Society 13, no. 8 (May 31, 2011): 1265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444811403445.
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According to the theory of the niche, media must differentiate themselves along resource dimensions that allow for their survival to compete and coexist within a resource space. Within this study, contacts with personal relationships are framed as a key resource domain over which channels of interpersonal communication (interpersonal media) compete to occupy niches within the resource spaces of social networks. One hundred and forty-two college undergraduates completed a time/space diary for a randomly assigned weekday in which they recorded their contacts or ‘bundles’ with members of their personal social network. Analysis of the data shows that interpersonal media coexist because they are differentiated from each other in the contacts they allow with different relationships at different times and locations. Although evidence is found regarding heavy competition among the media under analysis, each is used in different time/space/network relationship contexts.
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Tripathi, Akshay, Ankush Kumar Gaur, and Sweta Sri. "Implementation and Analysis of Social Network Graph in Interpersonal Network." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer 13, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jik.2020.v13.i02.p03.
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Social graph describes the graphical model of users and how they are related to each other online. Social network consists of a set of nodes (sometimes referred to as actors or vertices in graph theory) connected via some type of relations which are known as edges. Actors are the smallest unit of the network. It can be Persons, Organizations, and Families etc. Relations can be of many types such as directed, undirected, and weighted. Social network analysis consists of two phases. One is data collection phase and another is analysis phase. Data is collected with the help of surveys, Social sites such as face book, LinkedIn. We first input the user information in form of two dimensional matrices. Then we construct a graph based on the relationships among users from adjacency matrix. We can draw a directed graph or a simple graph based on the user input information from adjacency matrix. After analyzing the graph properties based on degree of node, centrality and other parameters we will give effective solution. There are many applications of analyzing social network for example examine a network of farm animals, to analyze how disease spread from one cow to another, discover emergent communities of interest among faculty at various universities, Some public sector uses include development of leader engagement strategies, analysis of individual and group engagement and media use, and community-based problem solving etc. Social network analysis is used widely in the social and behavioral sciences, as well as in economics, marketing, and industrial engineering. The social network perspective focuses on the relationships among social entities and is an important addition to standard social and behavioral research which is primarily concerned with attributes of the social units.
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Paiva Júnior, Fernando Gomes de, Nelson Da Cruz Monteiro Fernandes, and Larissa Fernanda De Lima Almeida. "A COMPETÊNCIA DE RELACIONAMENTO CONTRIBUINDO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CAPITAL SOCIAL DA EMPRESA DE BASE TECNOLÓGICA." Revista de Negócios 15, no. 1 (May 19, 2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1980-4431.2010v15n1p11-28.
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At the new context of the emergency of the network organizations and the global businesses, the establishment of cooperation relationships provides costs reduction and the increment of competitive advantages. However, these partnerships fail because of the low attention to the relational component in business-oriented interpersonal interactions. The formation of alliances indicates that the knowledge, confidence and social network provides conditions for reach opportunities and add wealth that guarantee the sustainability of organizations. The study aims to observe how the relationship competence acts in the aggregation of those elements. We carry through a qualitative analysis of important elements to initiate and keep a cooperation relationship. The results demonstrate that interpersonal sensitivity emerges as primordial dimension in the quality of the relationship, also shows up the emergency of the negotiation ability between partners and promotion of consensus among the actors as the element constituent of the negotiation capacity for maintenance of healthful relations. The entrepreneur’s sustainability in the network is supported by the development of alliances, and in this scene the relationship ability is a key element for the success of partnerships
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Anderson, Joshua T. L., Emily L. Howell, Michael A. Xenos, Dietram A. Scheufele, and Dominique Brossard. "Learning without seeking?: Incidental exposure to science news on social media & knowledge of gene editing." Journal of Science Communication 20, no. 04 (May 26, 2021): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.20040201.
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Little is known about how incidental exposure to news, interpersonal discussion, and the diversity of social networks interact in social media environments and for science-related issues. Using a U.S. nationally representative survey, we investigate how these features relate to factual knowledge of gene editing. Incidental exposure to science-related news interacts with interpersonal discussion and network heterogeneity and reveals that the relationship between incidental exposure to news and knowledge is strongest among those who discuss the least. Incidental exposure could alleviate knowledge gaps between the Facebook users who are the most and least involved in interpersonal discussions about science.
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Ho, Violet T. "Co-worker Mistreatment in a Singaporean Chinese Firm: The Roles of Third Party Embeddedness and Network Closure." Management and Organization Review 10, no. 1 (March 2014): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/more.12031.
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This study integrates research on social networks and interpersonal counterproductive behaviours to examine the role of third party relationships in predicting an individual's susceptibility to co-worker mistreatment, and in moderating the relationship between co-worker mistreatment and job performance. Third party embeddedness and network closure are examined in the formal workflow network and the informal liking network. Results obtained from employees in a family-owned Chinese business in Singapore indicate that an individual is more likely to be mistreated by a co-worker when both parties are strongly embedded in mutual third party relationships in the workflow network, and that the individual is less likely to be mistreated when both parties are strongly embedded in the liking network. At the individual network level, network closure (i.e., the extent to which an individual's contacts are themselves connected to one another) in the workflow network increases the likelihood that a co-worker will mistreat the individual, but closure in the liking network weakens the negative relationship between mistreatment and performance. The findings offer a network-based perspective to understanding interpersonal mistreatment and counterproductive work behaviours, particularly in the context of Confucian Asian firms, and provide practical implications for organizations and individuals to reduce counterproductive behaviours at work.
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Harrison, Katrin E., Alexandre Y. Dombrovski, Jennifer Q. Morse, Patricia Houck, Maryann Schlernitzauer, Charles F. Reynolds, and Katalin Szanto. "Alone? Percieved social support and chronic interpersonal difficulties in suicidal elders." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2009): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991463.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Social networks may protect depressed elders against suicidal behavior. However, conflict in important relationships may undermine the sense of social support, potentially negating the protective effects. Thus, we investigated the role of chronic interpersonal difficulties and perceived social support in depressed elders with and without suicidal thoughts and attempts.Methods: 106 individuals aged 60 years and older participated in this cross-sectional, case-control study. They were placed in three groups: suicidal depressed, non-suicidal depressed and non-depressed. Following a detailed clinical characterization, we assessed perceived social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List), and chronic interpersonal difficulties (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems). Using general linear models, we explored the relationship between suicidal thoughts/attempts, social support, and chronic interpersonal difficulties. We also examined whether lower perceived social support explained the relationship between chronic interpersonal difficulties and suicidal thoughts/attempts.Results: Suicidal depressed elders reported the lowest levels of perceived social support (belonging, tangible support, and self-esteem) and higher levels of chronic interpersonal difficulties (struggle against others and interpersonal hostility), compared to both non-suicidal depressed and non-depressed elders. The relationship between chronic interpersonal difficulties and suicidal behavior was partially explained by low perceived social support.Conclusions: The experience of strong affects, interpersonal struggle, and hostility in relationships may undermine the sense of social support in depressed elders, possibly leading them to contemplate or attempt suicide. Depressed elders with a history of interpersonal difficulties need to be carefully monitored for suicidal behavior.
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Wilkins, Ashley M., Cynthia B. Eriksson, Candace Coppinger Pickett, and Justin L. Barrett. "Early Trauma as a Predictor of Burnout and Social Network Structure in Mission Workers." Journal of Psychology and Theology 45, no. 2 (June 2017): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164711704500203.
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Research has established that adverse experiences in childhood are far-reaching. Attachment persists into adulthood, impacted by internal structures that make sense of relational experience. Dunbar (1993) has estimated that humans maintain approximately 150 personal relationships, structured in concentric rings of decreasing intimacy within the active social network. However, no literature exists examining the relationship among adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), adult attachment dynamics, and social networks. Relational mission workers (N=84) completed a self-report questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that, after controlling for Extraversion, ACEs and Global Anxiety attachment were significant predictors of the size of the innermost social network ring, and ACEs predicted the change in ratio between the innermost social network ring and the social network as a whole. Interpersonal, internal factors, such as attachment style, and experiential, external factors, such as ACEs, can impact the structure and size of an individual's social network.
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Katz, Matthew, Aaron C. Mansfield, and B. David Tyler. "The Strength of Fan Ties: Emotional Support in Sport Fan Egocentric Networks." Journal of Sport Management 34, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0170.
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Sport management researchers have increasingly noted a relationship between sport spectatorship and well-being, with the line of inquiry predicated on transformative sport service research. In this study, the authors contribute to transformative sport service research by utilizing multilevel egocentric network analysis to examine the consumption networks of National Football League fans over the course of one season. The authors utilized a network theory approach to explore how emotional support is created and embedded within sport fans’ networks of interpersonal ties and social relationships. Through multilevel modeling, the authors highlighted how attributes of both the ego (i.e., focal actor) and alter (i.e., individual with whom ego shares a tie) affect emotional support. Previous studies of transformative sport service research and the link between well-being outcomes and sport spectatorship have implicitly examined only ego-level attributes (i.e., team identification), yet the present work suggests that emotional support depends on the interpersonal ties and network structures within which sport fans are embedded.
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Law, Roslyn. "Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.109.007641.
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SummaryInterpersonal psychotherapy is an evidence-based therapy, originally developed to treat major depression. It is cited in numerous good practice guidelines. The biopsychosocial signs of depression are understood in the context of current social and interpersonal stressors, defined in terms of role transitions, disputes, bereavements and sensitivities. In therapy, the patient learns to understand the interactions between symptoms and interpersonal difficulties and the ways in which they are mutually reinforcing. Patients are helped to break this pattern and achieve a reduction in depressive symptoms and improvement in interpersonal functioning through improved communication, expression of affect and proactive engagement with the current interpersonal network. The therapeutic relationship is used as a tool for exploring and modelling external relationships. This article outlines the background to interpersonal psychotherapy, the process of therapy and the expansion of the evidence base.
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Lin, Tingting, and Riitta Hekkala. "Governance structure in IT outsourcing: a network perspective." Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2016): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/so-03-2015-0011.
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Purpose – The governance of information technology outsourcing (ITO) has been identified as an essential determinant for ITO success. Prior studies have shed light on effective governance structures in different organizational contexts. This study aims to advance this prior knowledge by exploring how interpersonal networks, as an important aspect of such context, reflect and influence ITO governance. Design/methodology/approach – A single case study was conducted from a vendor’s perspective in an ITO dyad. Social network analysis was leveraged to reveal the interpersonal networks, with whole-network analysis on 24 team members in an ITO vendor company. In addition, open-ended interviews with six selected team members were utilized to identify the perceived governance structure. Findings – The findings of this study suggest certain features of interpersonal networks, i.e. network density and cross-network comparison, can reflect governance structure in multiple aspects. Meanwhile, the authors also argue that interpersonal networks can influence the form of governance structure. Research limitations/implications – As a single case study, the context of the research site cannot be ignored in the inference of findings. To increase the confidence for further generalization, future empirical studies are needed especially in contrasting sites, such as ITO relations based on network governance. Originality/value – This study associates intra-organizational characteristics of the vendor to the inter-organizational governance structure of the ITO relationship. It also provides an innovative methodology for both researchers and practitioners to assess ITO governance structure.
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Shoda, Yuichi, Scott LeeTiernan, and Walter Mischel. "Personality as a Dynamical System: Emergence of Stability and Distinctiveness from Intra and Interpersonal Interactions." Personality and Social Psychology Review 6, no. 4 (November 2002): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0604_06.
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The implications of conceptualizing personality as a cognitive-affective processing system that functions as a parallel constraint satisfaction network are explored. Computer simulations show that from dynamic interactions among the units in such a network, a set of stable attractor states and functionally equivalent groups of situations emerge, such that IF exposed to situation group X, THEN the system settles in attractor Y. This conceptualization explicitly models the effect of situations on a given individual, and therefore can also be used to model the function of interpersonal systems. We demonstrate this possibility by modeling dyadic systems in which one partner's behavior becomes the situational input into the other partner's personality system, and vice versa. The results indicate that each member of the dyad will, in general, exhibit new attractor states. This suggests that the thoughts, affects, and behaviors that an individual typically experiences are a function not of that individual's personality system alone, but rather a function of the interpersonal system of which the individual is a part. Just as individuals have distinctive and stable IF-THEN signatures, so do interpersonal relationships. Understanding the structure of the cognitive-affective processing system of each relationship partner also should enable predictions of their distincitve relational signatures as emergent properties of the interpersonal system that develops.
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Van Horn, K. Roger, and Juracy Cunegatto Marques. "Interpersonal relationships in Brazilian adolescents." International Journal of Behavioral Development 24, no. 2 (June 2000): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502500383322.
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Interpersonal relationships were evaluated in 260 middle-class Brazilian youths aged 11–12, 15–16, and 19–20 years, using the Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman & Buhrmester, 1992). Participants rated four dimensions (support, conflict, relative power, and punishment) of relationships with five social network members (mother, father, teacher, sibling, and same-sex friend). Ratings were consistent with ecological models predicting culture-specific characteristics of relationships. In contrast to previous research on US adolescents, Brazilian adolescents reported high levels of both support and conflict and there was no shift from parents to peers as the primary source of support. Differences between early and late adolescents were not consistent with the processes of individuation and rapprochement. One of the few significant sex differences resulted from females rating support higher than males in relationships with siblings and friends.
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Lee Se Hwan and Woosung Kim. "The Social Network Analysis on the Interpersonal Relationship of the Elementary School Taekwondo Training Students." Korean Society for the Sociology of Sport 21, no. 3 (September 2008): 553–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22173/jksss.2008.21.3.553.
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Ruane, Lorna, and Elaine Wallace. "Brand tribalism and self-expressive brands: social influences and brand outcomes." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-07-2014-0656.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between social influence and consumers’ self-expression through brands. It considers susceptibility to interpersonal influence and social network influence on self-expressive brands and brand tribalism. The study examines whether self-expressive brands and brand tribalism influence brand loyalty and word of mouth (WOM). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional online survey was carried out with members of Generation Y in Ireland. Data from 675 complete responses were analysed using SPSS 20 and AMOS 20. A structural model tested nine hypothesised relationships. Findings – Findings indicate that both online social network influence and susceptibility to interpersonal influence are antecedents of tribalism and self-expressive brands. Consumers of self-expressive brands are loyal and offer positive WOM. By contrast, those who seek tribal membership have less brand loyalty and offer less WOM than other consumers. Findings suggest that consumers may be loyal to tribes, rather than to brands. This informs our understanding of the role of tribes for consumers and brand outcomes. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to Generation Y consumers within Ireland. Originality/value – This is the first study to explore the effect of consumers’ perceptions about online social network influence on brand tribalism. In addition, their views about the influence of the social network on self-expressive brand consumption, and brand outcomes, are identified. This paper highlights consumers’ susceptibility to interpersonal influence on their brand choices and brand tribalism. In addition, it is shown that brand loyalty and WOM are not always a consequence of tribal membership. By contrast, self-expressive brand consumption enhances brand WOM and brand loyalty.
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Kaplan, Danny. "Public intimacy in social media: The mass audience as a third party." Media, Culture & Society 43, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443721991087.
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This study presents a novel analysis of social network sites as a staged performance of interpersonal ties in front of a third party, here defined as public intimacy. This concept moves away from the current focus on the presentation of self in social media to the performance of relationships. Users of social media are compared to an interactive audience in a round theater. As inner circle network members display their exclusive ties in front of ther users they may also tease them into joining the conversation. Building on studies of Simmelian ties, interactive exchange, and phatic communication the study presents six characteristics of public intimacy along with brief examples drawn from users’ experiences on Facebook and Twitter. It is concluded that by mediating the shift from dyad to triad and from triad to mass community social media do not necessarily entail a reduction in intimacy but rather a concretization of social relations. The recursive relationship between interpersonal ties and mass solidarity is sustained and reaffirmed thanks to triadic interactions of public intimacy.
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Ribeiro, Lourdes Carniello, and Martius Vicente Rodriguez Y Rodriguez. "INFORMAL SOCIAL NETWORK AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN R&D." REAd. Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre) 22, no. 3 (December 2016): 280–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-2311.02814.50197.
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ABSTRACT There’s a growing interest in Knowledge Management (KM) in the corporate world. The company’s ability to compile the accrued knowledge, organize are valued by what they know. Knowing the organization, its culture and how your employees relate themselves formal or informally, became fundamental for elaborating strategies for an efficient KM application. The formal relationship is easily recognized in the organizational charts of any organization type; however the informal relationships, which generate high synergy, are not much explored as a manner of knowledge sharing. The present article has the purpose of presenting how the interpersonal relationship occurs in a general management of CENPES (Research Center Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello) which develops basic engineering projects for the oil and gas industry, identifying its key actors through the Social Network Analysis (SNA). We aimed to reveal how the employee sample is organized, considering four analysis factors: information, knowledge, friendship and trust. For data source, a survey was performed through questionnaires applied for the employees of the studied unit. For the analysis, UCINET and NETDRAW tools were used. As results, the key actors were identified for the four analysis factors and which is the relationship among the group. We have verified a bottleneck in information and knowledge transfer as well as little interaction among the groups of studied management teams.
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Mican, Daniel, Dan-Andrei Sitar-Tăut, and Ioana-Sorina Mihuţ. "User Behavior on Online Social Networks: Relationships among Social Activities and Satisfaction." Symmetry 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101656.
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Social networking sites (SNSs) are now ubiquitous communities for constant online interpersonal interactions that trigger symmetric or asymmetric effects on our everyday life. Recent studies advocate in favor of the significant role that SNSs have in promoting well-being and, more importantly, in disseminating reliable information during a global crisis, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the growing importance of SNSs to the global framework, the main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the link between the use of symmetric social networks such as Facebook, or asymmetric social networks, like Instagram, and the level of satisfaction, employing the methodology of structural equation modeling. The results of the research validate the hypothesis that SNS activities increase the level of satisfaction, and therefore, that there is a direct link between the number of posts and comments and the level of satisfaction. Furthermore, based on the reversible and significant link between the level of satisfaction and the importance attributed to SNSs, the main conclusion of the study is that the higher the importance of the SNS, the greater the level of dissatisfaction experienced by users. Also, public activities on social networks positively affect social network satisfaction, while private activities have a direct negative relationship with the importance of social networks.
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Zhang, Dayong, and Guang Guo. "A Comparison of Online Social Networks and Real-Life Social Networks: A Study of Sina Microblogging." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/578713.
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Online social networks appear to enrich our social life, which raises the question whether they remove cognitive constraints on human communication and improve human social capabilities. In this paper, we analyze the users' following and followed relationships based on the data of Sina Microblogging and reveal several structural properties of Sina Microblogging. Compared with real-life social networks, our results confirm some similar features. However, Sina Microblogging also shows its own specialties, such as hierarchical structure and degree disassortativity, which all mark a deviation from real-life social networks. The low cost of the online network forms a broader perspective, and the one-way link relationships make it easy to spread information, but the online social network does not make too much difference in the creation of strong interpersonal relationships. Finally, we describe the mechanisms for the formation of these characteristics and discuss the implications of these structural properties for the real-life social networks.
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Frank, Lauren B., Sheila T. Murphy, and Sandra Ball-Rokeach. "Personal Network Analysis and Health among Latinas." International Review of Social Research 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0020.
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Abstract Interpersonal contacts play important roles in women’s health decisions. By using personal network analysis with a focus on specific role relationships, we can better examine interpersonal influences on health decision-making. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys of Hispanic women (N = 1632). Using an ego network name generator and name interpreters, participants detailed their personal networks for discussion about women’s health issues. Participants reported a mean of 1.99 (SD = 1.33) social network contacts with whom they discuss women’s health issues, of whom the most commonly reported contacts were female friends, sisters, mothers, and husbands, boyfriends, or partners. Many of the contacts nominated were family members, yielding a high personal network density (M = 0.84, SD = 0.32). Controlling for participant demographics and other forms of social influence, role relations’ encouragement to get a Pap test and personal network exposure to Pap test discussions were associated with Pap test status. Personal network analysis should leverage information on specific role relations. Given the importance of personal network contacts for women’s health status, health educators and medical professionals must account for women’s personal social networks in developing health interventions.
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Loučková, Ivana, and Alice Gojová. "THE HIERARCHY AND TYPOLOGY OF FAMILY SOCIAL SUPPORT NETWORKS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL SERVICES." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 22, 2016): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.772.
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This article examines the importance of family social support networks and their implications for social services. Social support networks are a significant factor in effective assistance to families. This research uses an integrated strategy and factor analysis to identify stakeholders of social support services and the extent in which these services are considered important by families in terms of solving their problems. Our findings show that assistance to families is expected in three levels. The first involves direct interpersonal relationships (between family members and friends) and when this level fails, the network of professionals and experts is the next provider. An effective network of support services to families "stands and falls" with active family relationships. Where family relationships are absent or dysfunctional, they are compensated by second and third levels of this support. In a developed network of support services, social workers should have tools available to support all three levels. In view of these findings, a trend emphasizing approaches in favor of families solving their own problems rather than professional dominance of such is worth investigating.
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Sumi, Katsunori. "Reliability and Construct Validity of the Japanese Version of the Interpersonal Relationship Inventory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.135.
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The present study examined the psychometric characteristics of the three network function subscales (Social Support, Conflict, and Reciprocity) in the Japanese version of the Interpersonal Relationship Inventory. Data from Japanese college students (250 women and 218 men) were analyzed to estimate internal consistency (αs = .93–.96) and test-retest reliability ( rs = .69–.74). To assess construct validity, correlations between scores on the inventory and measures of social support, loneliness, and stress were performed. Results indicated that the Japanese version of the inventory was valid and reliable.
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Liu, Dong, Sarah E. Ainsworth, and Roy F. Baumeister. "A Meta-Analysis of Social Networking Online and Social Capital." Review of General Psychology 20, no. 4 (December 2016): 369–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000091.
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Social networking sites offer new avenues for interpersonal communication that may enable people to build social capital. The meta-analyses reported in this paper evaluated the relationship between social network site (SNS) use and 2 types of social capital: bridging social capital and bonding social capital. The meta-analyses included data from 58 articles gathered through scholarly databases and a hand search of the early publications of relevant journals. Using a random effects model, the overall effect size of the relationship between SNS use and bridging social capital based on k = 50 studies and N = 22,290 participants was r = .32 (95% CI [.27, .37]), and the overall effect size between SNS use and bonding social capital based on k = 43 studies and N = 19,439 participants was r = .26 (95% CI [.22, .31]). The relationships between SNS use and both types of social capital were stronger in men than in women, and the relationship between SNS use and bridging capital was stronger in Western, individualistic countries than Eastern, collectivistic countries. Additional analyses of specific SNS activities indicated that SNS use promotes social capital by facilitating contact and interaction among people who already know each other offline rather than contact with people who were met online. The implication is that SNSs offer a platform to strengthen existing relationships.
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Liou, Yi-Hwa, and Alan J. Daly. "The Lead Igniter: A Longitudinal Examination of Influence and Energy Through Networks, Efficacy, and Climate." Educational Administration Quarterly 55, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 363–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x18799464.
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Purpose: The social aspect of leadership is often overlooked in the educational reform. This study aims to address the dearth of work in the social space around leadership and examines two different types of relational ties between leaders that capture the affective and work-related aspects of interpersonal relationships. Research Method: This study takes place in one large urban school district serving a highly diverse student population and investigates a multiplex relation—energy and work-related influence—from a longitudinal dataset to better understand the complex nature of social ties. Descriptive statistics, multilevel social network modeling, and network sociograms are used to understand the characteristics of this over-time multiplex relationship among central office and site leaders. Findings: Drawing on social network theory, efficacy, and climate, findings suggest that gender, work level, experience, efficacy, and climate are associated with leaders engaging in this multiplex relationship over time. Conclusion and Implications: Investigating the intersection of both affective and instrumental relationships provides a nuanced and more reality-based picture about a complex set of leadership ties and perceptions as they go about improving educational systems.
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Semple, Shirley J., Thomas L. Patterson, William S. Shaw, Igor Grant, Sherry Moscona, William Koch, and Dilip Jeste. "The Social Networks of Older Schizophrenia Patients." International Psychogeriatrics 9, no. 1 (March 1997): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610297004237.
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There is a paucity of research that examines the role of family members and friends in the lives of older schizophrenia patients. This study compared 66 middle-aged and elderly outpatients with 31 normal comparison subjects. Five dimensions of social network were assessed: (a) family composition, geographic proximity, and frequency of contact; (b) instrumental support; (c) emotional support and interpersonal difficulties; (d) role of friends; and (e) use of formal service providers as sources of support and assistance. As compared with normal subjects, the schizophrenia patients were less likely to be married, less likely to have children, more likely to live alone, and had fewer friendships. The patients were, however, similar to comparison subjects on the following family-relationship variables: frequency of contact, instrumental support received, presence of a family confidant, and extent of interpersonal difficulties. These findings do not support the stereotype of older schizophrenia patients as being estranged from family members. The need for developing interventions that use key family members to interface with service providers and to monitor treatment compliance and continuity of care is discussed.
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Ikhalia, Ehinome, Alan Serrano, David Bell, and Panos Louvieris. "Online social network security awareness: mass interpersonal persuasion using a Facebook app." Information Technology & People 32, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 1276–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-06-2018-0278.
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Purpose Online social network (OSN) users have a high propensity to malware threats due to the trust and persuasive factors that underpin OSN models. The escalation of social engineering malware encourages a growing demand for end-user security awareness measures. The purpose of this paper is to take the theoretical cybersecurity awareness model TTAT-MIP and test its feasibility via a Facebook app, namely social network criminal (SNC). Design/methodology/approach The research employs a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the SNC app. A system usability scale measures the usability of SNC. Paired samples t-tests were administered to 40 participants to measure security awareness – before and after the intervention. Finally, 20 semi-structured interviews were deployed to obtain qualitative data about the usefulness of the App itself. Findings Results validate the effectiveness of OSN apps utilising a TTAT-MIP model – specifically the mass interpersonal persuasion (MIP) attributes. Using TTAT-MIP as a guidance, practitioners can develop security awareness systems that better leverage the intra-relationship model of OSNs. Research limitations/implications The primary limitation of this study is the experimental settings. Although the results testing the TTAT-MIP Facebook app are promising, these were set under experimental conditions. Practical implications SNC enable persuasive security behaviour amongst employees and avoid potential malware threats. SNC support consistent security awareness practices by the regular identification of new threats which may inspire the creation of new security awareness videos. Social implications The structure of OSNs is making it easier for malicious users to carry out their activities without the possibility of detection. By building a security awareness programme using the TTAT-MIP model, organisations can proactively manage security awareness. Originality/value Many security systems are cumbersome, inconsistent and non-specific. The outcome of this research provides organisations and security practitioners with a framework for designing and developing proactive and tailored security awareness systems.
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Zhang, Yue-Xia, Yi-Xuan Feng, and Rui-Qi Yang. "Network public opinion propagation model based on the influence of media and interpersonal communication." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 32 (December 30, 2019): 1950393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219503934.
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With the rapid development of the Internet, social media networks have become the primary platform for people to express their views. In addition, network public opinion has a considerable influence on society. Thus, considering the significant impact of online public opinion on society, it is necessary to study and analyze the propagation process for public opinion. In this study, we propose the Media and Interpersonal Relationship-SEIR (MI-SEIR) model based on the SEIR model. Our proposed model considers the impact of media transmission and interpersonal relationships on opinion propagation. Our MI-SEIR model divides the propagation nodes into three categories: support, neutral and opposition. There is a discussion mechanism between these nodes that represents the node’s viewpoint value evolution rule based on the node firmness, influence of nodes, quality of media coverage and parameters of infection. The state transition of nodes is decided based on the change of opinion value. Our simulation experimental results show that this model is more representative of the real propagation of online public opinion and is thus of practical significance for research and opinion analysis applications.
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Shoemaker, Mary E. "An Exploration of the Value of Online Social Networks for Salespeople." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcrmm.2012040101.
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Social Customer Relationship Management, using interactive technologies to have conversations with the customer, is rapidly emerging as a source of competitive advantage. Online social networking, such as using LinkedIn or Facebook, is being touted as essential to building customer relationships. Salespeople whose primary function is to build relationships are embracing online social networking to reach their sales goals. This paper reviews academic and practitioner literature to consider what aspects of interpersonal relationship building may be enhanced by the use of online social networks. Sales process support, trust building, weak tie leverage, customer value creation, buying center identification, and contact management are proposed as areas where online social networks could contribute value to sales endeavors.
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Gaggioli, Andrea, Alice Chirico, Elvis Mazzoni, Luca Milani, and Giuseppe Riva. "Networked Flow in musical bands." Psychology of Music 45, no. 2 (September 21, 2016): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616665003.
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This study aimed at using the Networked Flow (NF) model to investigate group collaboration in the context of musical bands. We analyzed the relationship between flow, social presence, structural dynamics and performance as they related to 15 bands in a rehearsal room. Flow was measured using the Flow State Scale; social presence was assessed with the Networked Minds Social Presence scale; and interpersonal communication structure (exchange of gazes and verbal orders) was assessed by means of Social Network Analysis (SNA). In addition, we considered: (a) a subjective measure of performance, rated by each member on an ad-hoc questionnaire; and (b) an expert rating of performance, based on the evaluation of audio-video recordings of each group. Findings showed the multifaceted nature of the relationship between social presence and flow. Group flow score was a significant predictor of self-reported performance, but not of expert-evaluated performance. Moreover, several correlations were found between flow, social presence and patterns of interpersonal coordination (both implicit and explicit). Specifically, SNA reveals that flow was positively related to exchanges of gazes and negatively associated with exchanges of orders. Overall, this study contributes to further elucidating the complex interplay between group flow and intersubjective dynamics in music collaboration.
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Wulandari, Rustini, and Amelia Rahmi. "RELASI INTERPERSONAL DALAM PSIKOLOGI KOMUNIKASI." Islamic Communication Journal 3, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/icj.2018.3.1.2678.
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<p><em>Survival of human life is proof that human being able to solve and fulfill requirements of life which is individual and also social.</em><em> </em><em>Human life is a building interpersonal relationship with each other, called interpersonal relationship. The more an active person building relationships with others it will build an extensive interpersonal network and produce quality self-competence. This is what can bring success in many ways. Generally humans can adjust to the situation faced by learning the previous experience. Overtime the relationship develops an individual character. The psychological aspect of both parties involved in the relationship are more decesive compared with sociological and cultural aspects. The existence of psychological aspect that determine the process of interpersonal communication has led to a specific study in interpersonal relationships into studies in this article, although the study has not been based on in-depth research.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: communication, psychology, interpersonal relation</em><em>ship</em><em></em></p><p>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p><p>Kelangsungan hidup manusia di muka bumi hingga kini merupakan bukti bahwa manusia mampu menyelesaikan dan memenuhi kebutuhan yang bersifat individu dan sekaligus sosial.Kehidupan ini merupakan bangunan relasi antarpersonal satu dengan yang lainnya, disebut relasi interpersonal. Semakin seseorang aktif membangun relasi dengan sesama maka akan terbangun jaringan interpersonal yang luas dan menghasilkan kompetensi diri yang berkualitas. Hal inilah yang dapat membawa kesuksesan dalam banyak hal.</p><p>Umumnya, manusia dapat menyesuaikan dengan situasi yang dihadapi dengan cara mempelajari pengalaman sebelumnya. Seiring dengan waktu hubungan berkembanglah sebuah karakter individu. Aspek-aspek psikologis yang dimiliki kedua belah pihak yang terlibat dalam relasi lebih menentukan dibanding dengan aspek sosiologis dan kultural.Adanya aspek psikologis yang menentukan proses komunikasi interpersonal telah memunculkan kajian spesifik dalam relasi interpersonal menjadi kajian dalam artikel ini, meskipun kajiannya belum berbasis riset secara mendalam</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata </strong><strong>k</strong><strong>unci</strong>: komunikasi, psikologi, relasi interpersonal.</p>
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Park, Jongsoon, and Jongman Lee. "A Study on the influence of College Student's Usage Motivation of SNS and Interpersonal relationship orientation on MSNS(Mobile Social Network Service) addiction Proneness Addition tendencies." Journal of the Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17662/ksdim.2016.12.4.145.
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Kim, Woo Sung, and Chae Hee Kim. "The Social Network Analysis on the Interpersonal Relationship of the Middle School Sports-for-All Participation Student." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 33 (August 31, 2008): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2008.08.33.565.
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Casciaro, Tiziana, and Miguel Sousa Lobo. "When Competence Is Irrelevant: The Role of Interpersonal Affect in Task-Related Ties." Administrative Science Quarterly 53, no. 4 (December 2008): 655–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2189/asqu.53.4.655.
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This paper examines the role of a person's generalized positive or negative feelings toward someone (interpersonal affect) in task-related networks in organizations. We theorize that negative interpersonal affect renders task competence virtually irrelevant in a person's choice of a partner for task interactions but that positive interpersonal affect increases a person's reliance on competence as a criterion for choosing task partners, facilitating access to organizational resources relevant to the task. Using social psychological models of interpersonal perception and hierarchical Bayesian models, we find support for this theory in social network data from employees in three organizations: an entrepreneurial computer technology company, staff personnel at an academic institution, and employees in a large information technology corporation. The results suggest that competence may be irrelevant not just when outright dislike colors a relationship. Across organizational contexts and types of task-related interaction, people appear to need active liking to seek out the task resources of potential work partners and fully tap into the knowledge that resides in organizations. We discuss contributions of our study to research on the interplay of psychological and structural dimensions of organizational life.
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Fankhauser, Sonja, Birgit Wagner, Sandy Krammer, Mirjam Aeschbach, Alessandra Pepe, Andreas Maercker, and Simon Forstmeier. "The Impact of Social and Interpersonal Resources on Adjustment Disorder Symptoms in Older Age." GeroPsych 23, no. 4 (December 2010): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000022.
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This study investigates self-efficacy and motivation regulation as possible mediators of the relationship between social and interpersonal resources (i.e., social network, social support, social acknowledgment as a victim, and disclosure) and adjustment disorder (AJD) symptoms in a sample of 121 adults aged 65–97 years. AJD was conceptualized as a form of stress-response syndrome, core symptoms of which are intrusions, avoidance, and failure to adapt after having experienced a critical event. Motivational variables mediated the relationship between social acknowledgment and AJD symptoms. Contrary to expectations, motivational variables were not found to mediate the link between reluctance to disclose and AJD symptoms. This study casts new light on the psychological processes that enable older adults to adjust to critical life events and to exhibit resilience, which is important for successful aging.
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Liu, Chih-Hsing(Sam). "Network position and cooperation partners selection strategies for research productivity." Management Decision 53, no. 3 (April 20, 2015): 494–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0076.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how individuals can leverage interpersonal relationships and critical network position to acquire knowledge and information for generate research productivity. Specifically, this paper argues that the relationship between tie strength and scholar productivity will be an inverted U-shape, and critical position as moderating role in research productivity generation process. The robustness tests were also provided. Design/methodology/approach – Using panel data from scholars in tourism academic fields, this paper investigated the conditions under which maintenance of social relations affects knowledge creation. In total, two different regression models and robustness tests were used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 201 tourism scholars from Taiwan and an analysis of 1,198 publications. Findings – The results showed that the relationship between tie strength and scholar productivity will be an inverted U-shape. Moreover, the moderating role of critical position of structural holes and betweennesss are recognized: it positively moderates with tie strengths and research productivity. Research limitations/implications – The empirical results are derived from a sample of scholars in Taiwanese business management departments, thus raising concern about the external generalizability to other departments and countries. Future research is, therefore, suggested to empirically test the validity of the framework and hypothesis in other departments or countries. Practical implications – The practical implications of the results are that individuals need to know that there are two underlying governing forces on the choice of their knowledge exchange partners and occupying critical network position. A diversified social relation is beneficial to the knowledge creation performance because of more information knowledge sharing while a specialized knowledge would avoid the detrimental effects of coordination and conflict problems on research productivity. Therefore, individuals should understand and careful choice their cooperation partners and network position in order to achieve better knowledge creation outcome. Originality/value – This research extends developments in social capital theory and the relational view into interpersonal relationships between tourism scholars and their cooperation partners. Furthermore, the paper also examines how critical position has effects on scholar’s research productivity creation process. Finally, studies that examine the relationship between tourism academic networks and different measures of research productivity are few in number, and those that use such longitudinal empirical work are particularly lacking. This study addresses these issues.
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Naworska, Beata, Anna Brzęk, and Monika Bąk-Sosnowska. "The Relationship between Health Status and Social Activity of Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women (Health Status and Social Relationships in Menopause)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228388.
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The quantity and quality of interpersonal relations (including participation in University of the Third Age—U3A) play an important role for women during menopausal changes. Women who have a social network are found to be more positive about menopause, and are less likely to be depressed. This case-control study aimed to analyze the relationship between participating in formal social groups and health status related to physical activity and climacteric and depressive symptoms. The study was conducted among 621 peri- and postmenopausal women aged 50–64 years. The women were classified into two groups: U3A and controls. The participants were selected using a multistage sampling method. The IPAQ (The International Physical Activity Questionnaire), Kupperman Index (KI), and Beck Depression Inventory were used for data collection. Significant differences between the groups were confirmed in the area of professional work (p < 0.001), free time (p < 0.001), and sitting (p < 0.05). The average KI score in the U3A group was higher (t-Student = 2.12, p < 0.05). Depressive symptoms were found in 43.49% of U3A women vs. 51.15% in controls (p < 0.01). We conclude that participation in formal social groups is associated with higher level of physical activity and reduced severity of both climacteric and depressive symptoms.
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Felsher, Marisa, Emmanuel Koku, Stephen Lankenau, Kathleen Brady, Scarlett Bellamy, and Alexis M. Roth. "Motivations for PrEP-Related Interpersonal Communication Among Women Who Inject Drugs: A Qualitative Egocentric Network Study." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320952740.
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A qualitative egocentric social network approach was taken to explore motivations for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-related communication between women who inject drugs and network members. Eligible participants were HIV-negative, 18 years or older, and participating in a PrEP demonstration project in Philadelphia, PA, USA. The study employed content analysis of in-depth interviews to identify themes related to contextual and relational factors impacting PrEP communication within networks. Participants ( n = 20) named on average three network members, resulting in a total of 57 unique relationships. PrEP conversations occurred within 30 of the 57 relationships, and motivations were to benefit others, to benefit themselves, and due to a sense of obligation. Some conversations also occurred when a peer unexpectedly found their pills. Taking a qualitative approach to network analysis provided a nuanced understanding of how interpersonal characteristics motivated PrEP conversations. Network interventions that facilitate information diffusion and social support may increase PrEP uptake and adherence among women who inject drugs.
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Hydén, Margareta, David Gadd, and Thomas Grund. "Role of Narrative and Social Networks in Thwarting Violence and Sexual Abuse in Young People’s Lives." British Journal of Social Work 50, no. 7 (October 19, 2019): 2172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz114.
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Abstract Combining narrative analysis with social network analysis, this article analyses the case of a young Swedish female who had been physically and sexually abused. We show how she became trapped in an abusive relationship at the age of fourteen years following social work intervention in her family home, and how she ultimately escaped from this abuse aged nineteen years. The analysis illustrates the significance of responses to interpersonal violence from the social networks that surround young people; responses that can both entrap them in abusive relationships by blaming them for their problems and enable them to escape abuse by recognising their strengths and facilitating their choices. The article argues that the case for social work approaches that envision young people’s social networks after protective interventions have been implemented. The article explains that such an approach has the potential to reconcile the competing challenges of being responsive to young people’s needs while anticipating the heightened risk of being exposed to sexual abuse young people face when estranged from their families or after their trust in professionals has been eroded.
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Di Nicola, Paola. "Gli approcci teorici per lo studio dei personal network." SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 2 (July 2012): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-002002.
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The subject of this essay is an analysis of the most significant theoretical approaches that have affected the personal networks, with the aim to demonstrate that interest in the personal networks created with the late modernity that has accelerated the process of individuation and individualism. The purpose of this essay will be to demonstrate that the relational approach is the one that best approximates the study of interpersonal networks and that, in terms of explanation and understanding of the latest social dynamics, never as in this moment is strategic to put a specific emphasis on interpersonal relationships. To achieve these goals, after seeing how the classical sociology dealt with personal networks, we present the relational approach, which can find in the network analysis its specific methodological complements, then we conclude with a reflection on the operational impacts of some recent empirical researches.
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White, Pippa, and Rachel Forrester-Jones. "Valuing e-inclusion: Social media and the social networks of adolescents with intellectual disability." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 24, no. 3 (January 7, 2019): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629518821240.
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Background: Social media is a growing phenomenon, yet people with intellectual disability (ID) may not experience comparable access to this communication technology. Adolescents with ID may benefit from e-inclusion, especially as individuals with ID are at risk of having smaller social networks. Materials and Methods: The Social Network Guide was adapted to measure social media usage and used to examine the interpersonal relationships of adolescents with and without ID. Results: Adolescents with ID held smaller social networks with less developed informal relationships. However, friendship quality was comparable or superior to typically developing peers. Adolescents with ID interacted with a smaller percentage of contacts using social media. Social media use was predictive of the number of reported friendships and did not significantly predict critical comments. Conclusions: Findings suggest that adolescents with ID have comparable access to social media but use these sites to interact with a smaller number of social contacts.
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Andris, Clio, and Dipto Sarkar. "Methods for the Geographic Representation of Interpersonal Relationships and Social Life." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-11-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Interpersonal relationships are an important part of social and personal health. Studies of social capital show that individuals and communities with stronger ties are have an economic and health advantage. Yet, loneliness and isolation are becoming major public health issues. There is a pressing need to measure where relationships are strong and how accessible one’s social ties are, in order to learn how to better support face-to-face meetings and promote social health in society. However, the datasets we use to study people and human behaviour are most often mobility data and census data &ndash; which tell us little about personal relationships. These data can be augmented with information about where people have ties, and how their relationships unfold over geographic space. The data we use to study the built environment include building footprints and infrastructure, and we can annotate these data by how (well) infrastructure supports different kinds of relationships, in order to ask new questions about how the landscape encourages relationships.</p><p> We suggest a list of methods for representing interpersonal relationships and social life at various socio-spatial levels of aggregation. We give an example of each, with an effort to span various use cases and spatial scales of data modelling.</p><p> <strong>Dyads (line) and Ego-based (star):</strong> This geometric model represents a relationship between two individuals (Figure 1A). The individuals can be geolocated to households, administrative units, real-time locations, etc. The tie can be given a nominal category such as family or co-worker, and edge weights that signify reported relationship strength, frequency of contact, frequency of face-to-face meeting, et cetera. Star models represent a central individual and his/her geolocated ties (that radiate from the centre). The star illustrates the theoretical concept of personal extensibility.</p><p> <strong>Points of Interest (points):</strong> Points of interest provide a place-based perspective (note that these entities can also be represented as polygons such as building footprints, or lines such as gradients of interaction on a subway). Certain places are better suited for fostering relationships than others (Figure 1B), and each can be annotated with their ability to foster: new ties (a nightclub), gender-bonding ties (bowling leagues), romantic ties (romantic restaurants), inter-generational ties (a religious facility), professional ties (conferences), et cetera.</p><p> <strong>Polygons/Administrative Units (polygons):</strong> These data are attached to administrative areal units (Census boundaries, provinces, zones, etc.). The data represent surveyed data on relationship-related variables in censuses, social surveys and social capital surveys. These surveys ask about trust, friendliness with neighbours, social life, belongingness to institutions, and more (Figure 1C), illustrating the social health of an area.</p><p> <strong>Aggregate Flows and Social Networks (lies and networks):</strong> This model illustrates the geolocated, social ties within a spatial extent, i.e. the social networks of a group of many people over a large extent (Figure 1D). Data can be sourced from social media, telecommunications patterns, and other declarations of relationships.</p><p> <strong>Regions (polygons):</strong> Regions, that may describe neighbourhoods within one city, or an agglomeration of cities, can be defined by social ties. Instead of commuting or economic ties, regions are defined by a preponderance of social ties within a given polygon, and a lack of ties between polygons (or between the polygon and any external area). Social regions represent a likeness and strong ties between the people that live within the region (Figure 1E).</p><p> Given these methods for representing social life and interpersonal relationships as GIS data, new questions may arise. At the <strong>dyadic level</strong>: how can we map the presence of a relationship between two people? At the <strong>ego-based level</strong>: how far and with what kind of diversity do people have ties? At the <strong>point of interest level</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can describe places’ ability to create new relationships and foster existing relationships? At the <strong>polygonal level</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can show where relationships are strong or weak? At the <strong>levels of flows and networks</strong>: what kinds of mapable data can describe systems of diffusion? At the <strong>regional level</strong>: what physical and administrative boundaries guide social ties?</p><p> For cartographers and geographic modellers looking to study social life, data acquisition, analysis, and mapping are challenges. The point of this extended abstract is to inventory the possibilities of mapping these data, open a dialog for experimenting with what kinds of symbologies, associated variables, classification schemes, visualization techniques and data collection opportunities are available for this purpose. We also hope to create spaces for comparative studies that describe the implications of these choices. In our search, we find that the major research challenges are the following: 1) privacy 2) geolocatable data 3) qualitative vs. quantitative data and 4) assurance statistically-significant samples sizes 5) analysis and modelling 6) visualization. Nevertheless, our goal is to make these indicators and data more GIS-friendly and available to geospatial analysts, modellers and cartographers.</p>
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Haythornthwaite, Caroline. "Learning, connectivity and networks." Information and Learning Sciences 120, no. 1/2 (January 14, 2019): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-06-2018-0052.
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PurposeThis is paper is concerned with the learning outcomes associated with connectivity through online networks, open online exchange and wider changes associated with contemporary information practices. The theme of connectivity is used here to capture both the detailed specificity of relations that define networks of learners and the ambient effect of wide accessibility to resources and people through open, online forums.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows the idea of a network from the ground up, outlining the social network perspective as a way to consider the foundational bases of learning and networks, as well as the effect of ambient influence. The paper addresses the ways learning may be viewed as a social network relation, an interpersonal relationship and an outcome of interaction and connectivity, and how network connectivity can be used as input for design for learning.FindingsThe paper presents a range of perspectives and studies that view learning from a social network and connectivity perspective, emphasizing both the person-to-person connectivity of a learning tie and the impact of contemporary data and information sharing through the dynamics of open contributory practice.Practical implicationsThe outcome of connectivity in the service of learning is bound up with digital information practices, including individual practices of search, retrieval, participation, knowledge dissemination, knowledge construction and more. This paper provides a network perspective on learning relations that accommodates analysis in online and offline environments, but incorporates attention to the open, online retrieval and contributory practices that now influence learning practices and which may support design of new learning environments.Originality/valueThis paper offers insight into the way social networks and connectivity combine to show network relations, relationships, outcomes and design input at the actor, network and societal levels.
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Bandeira, Suzana, Arnoldo José De Hoyos Guevara, Tereza Stefani, and Janaína Rute Da Silva Dourado. "Relationship Networks and China’s Increasing Presence in Brazil – Looking at Entrepreneurship and Cooperation." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 4, no. 1 (May 23, 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2013v4i1p17-34.
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The study of interpersonal relationship networks belongs to a long and extensive multidisciplinary academic research field. Although the subject is not a new one, there has been an increase in the interest of the role of social networks in the business world. This article discusses a kind of network very peculiar to Chinese communities’ way of life: the Guanxi. Ever more emigrating to countries of occidental culture, the Chinese bring with them their way of being and doing business to which the Guanxi is a significant cultural trait. Knowing this type of relationship increases the possibilities of success for those who intend to do business with the Chinese, both in Brazil and in China. The article encompasses a theoretical framework, exposing Chinese and Occidental theories about relationship networks, allowing a broad understanding of how Guanxi works. Interviews and the relevant analysis of their contents complement the exploratory and qualitative research.
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GRAHAM, JOHN R., MICHEAL L. SHIER, and MARILYN EISENSTAT. "Young Adult Social Networks and Labour Market Attachment: Interpersonal Dynamics that Shape Perspectives on Job Attainment." Journal of Social Policy 44, no. 4 (June 17, 2015): 769–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000276.
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AbstractFollowing a qualitative study design with young adults (aged seventeen to twenty-nine) of a racialised minority status (n= 36) in a low-income community in Toronto, Canada, we found that social relationships and dynamics greatly influenced perspectives towards labour market success. Respondents identified that interpersonal relationships with employers, family members and neighbourhood/community members influenced their perseverance and motivation for upward social mobility through securing and maintaining employment. The findings highlight the fundamental relationship between perceptions of upward social mobility and individual social capital. In particular, the wide array of social networks that can influence the perspectives of racial minority young adults – both positively and negatively. The findings extend contemporary discussions about the relationship between social capital and career aspirations among racial minority young adults, to include a spectrum of interrelated social networks that collectively aid in improving personal development. While contemporary discussions focus on the utility of informal knowledge sharing about career development and post-secondary attainment, the findings here demonstrate the importance of policy and programme solutions that support the mobilisation of a wider array of embedded social resources, within the social networks of racial minority young adults, that help support positive perceptions towards upward social mobility.