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Journal articles on the topic 'Interpregnancy Interval (IPI)'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kumari, Snehalata, Alam Roshni, and Rani Sinha Abha. "Study of Correlation of Maternal and Perinatal Outcome with Interpregnancy Interval at a Tertiary Care Centre." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 6 (2024): 1172–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12740212.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Interpregnancy interval (IPI) or birth to pregnancy interval is defined as time interval between live birth and beginning of following pregnancy. Interpregnancy interval has been shown to be an important prognostic marker for perinatal outcome. According to WHO at least 24 months of interpregnancy interval is optimal. This study was planned to correlate maternal and perinatal outcome with interpregnancy interval at SKMCH, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional observational study was conducted in department of obstetrics a

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International, Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR). "An observational study to find factors associated with short interpregnancy interval among women with antecedent cesarean deliveries." International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) 9, no. 6 (2024): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15448636.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Introduction:</strong> The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends an inter pregnancy interval (birth-to-pregnancy interval) of 24 – 59 months to minimise perinatal mortality and improve maternal health. Birth spacing is one of the strategies through which good maternal and child health can be achieved. Birth spacing has become a major health promotion programme strategy for mothers in recent years especially in the developing countries. <strong>Methods:</strong> This observational study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, in

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Mor, Shreya S., Preeti F. Lewis, and Nitin Bavdekar. "Contraceptive trends and fetal outcome in women with short and long interpregnancy interval: a prospective observational study." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 11 (2023): 3282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20233295.

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Background: The present study was conducted at our tertiary health centre with the objective of analyzing contraceptive trends and fetal outcome in women with various interpregnancy interval (IPI). Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study. Women were segregated into three categories as per their IPI (short, normal and long) and contraceptive trends and fetal outcome were deliberated. All women attending ANC clinic with previous pregnancy, regardless of outcome and registration status were included in our study. Results: We found that 21.1% of women with short IPI were u

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Soni, Sona, Bharti Singh, and Veena Agarwal. "Effects of interpregnancy interval and outcome of preceding pregnancy on present pregnancy outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (2019): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191237.

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Background: The objective of the present study was to estimate the effects of interpregnancy interval and outcome of preceding pregnancy on present pregnancy outcome.Methods: This study was undertaken as observational study. 1000 women were included in this study then interpregnancy interval categorized in 4 groups. Outcome of preceding pregnancy were included in term of induce abortion, miscarriage, still birth and live birth.Results: For each group the highest rate of IA occur for woman whose previous pregnancy ended with an IA. For pregnancy after an IA the rate of subsequent IA is 16.6%, 1

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Ahlers-Schmidt, Carolyn R., Nikki Keene Woods, Danielle Bradshaw, Anna Rempel, Matt Engel, and Mary Benton. "Maternal Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning Interpregnancy Interval." Kansas Journal of Medicine 11, no. 4 (2018): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v11i4.8703.

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Introduction. Few studies have examined maternal intentions andpractices related to interpregnancy interval (IPI). IPI less than 18months has been linked to increased preterm birth and infant mortality.This manuscript reports on a cross-sectional survey of mothersconducted to understand maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practiceof IPI in Sedgwick County, Kansas. Methods. New and expectant mothers and mothers of neonatalinfant care unit (NICU) graduates (n = 125) were surveyed regardingthe issues surrounding IPI. Front desk staff handed out self-administeredsurveys, which were returned t

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Surabhi, Kuhikar, Shrivastava Shrishty, Chandel Kavita, and Soni Sona. "Study of Obstetric and Foetal Outcome in Women with Short Interpregnancy Interval after Previous Caesarean Delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 5 (2023): 884–900. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12582924.

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<strong>Objective:</strong> To study the effect study of obstetric and foetal outcome in women with short interpregnancy interval after previous caesarean delivery. <strong>Methods: </strong>All patients admitted for MTP, abortion, and delivery after short inter pregnancy interval with previous caesarean delivery will be included with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anemia, scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, PPH, PROM, and premature delivery were all associated to mothers’ short IPI. Low birth weight, preterm, IUFD, stillbirth and neonatal death were foet

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Taylor, Rebecca Alexandra Margaret, Jenny M. Yang, Kate Cheney, and Kirsten Black. "Short interpregnancy interval: circumstance or choice?" BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 48, no. 2 (2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-201269.

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IntroductionDespite the knowledge of pregnancy risks attributable to inadequate birth spacing, over one-third of pregnancies occur within 18 months of a preceding birth. In this qualitative study we sought to interview women with a short interpregnancy interval (sIPI) to explore their knowledge of contraception and birth spacing and their experience of counselling on these themes.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interviews with women with a sIPI (live-birth less than 18 months prior to conception of current pregnancy) at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Canterbury Hospital in Sydney, Australia. Wo

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Sarker, Binita, Nazma Haque, Koushik Sikdar, Fatema Akter, Nusrat Shormin, and Afsana Raushan,. "Relationship of Interpregnancy Interval with Ultrasonographic Measurement of Lower Uterine Segment Caesarean Scar Thickness." Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Journal 10, no. 1 (2025): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.69699/ssnimcj2025v10i1s6.

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Abstract Background: There is a rise in the caesarean section rates throughout the world due to which obstetricians see more women with caesarean section scar. As a result of this operation, late scar dehiscence may occur leading to uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy. Abundant works have been done regarding complication and outcome of caesarean section. However, very limited work is noticed regarding the relationship of interpregnancy interval with caesarean scar thickness. Objective: To find out the relationship of interpregnancy interval (IPI) with ultrasonographic measurement of lowe

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Jani, Heta T., Shalini Sud, and Shanti Jeyaseelan. "Impact of interpregnancy interval on maternal and perinatal outcomes." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 10 (2023): 2986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20232934.

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Background: Inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) refers to the duration between the birth of one baby and the conception of the next pregnancy. In developing countries, a short inter-pregnancy interval (SIPI) poses a significant challenge, leading to higher risks of maternal and neonatal mortality. Aim was to determine the impact of SIPI on maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational comparative study was carried out from October 2020 to May 2022. Non-probability convenient sampling was used, and the minimum sample size was calculated to be 140. Primigravida, multiple ge

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Iqbal, Sumaira, Shamaila Shamaun, Afshan Shahid, Riffat Jaleel, Yasmeen Gull, and Mehreen Iqbal. "Short Interpregnancy Interval and Low Birth Weight." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 10 (2021): 3506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115103506.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of Low Birth Weight among women with short interpregnancy interval. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Study Setting: Study was conducted at Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit 1, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Duration of Study: Six months after approval of synopsis from 22-12-15 till 22-06-16. Subjects and Methods: Data was prospectively collected from patients after taking a verbal consent. 384 women with short interval pregnancy were included. Quantitative data was presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation and

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SADIA ILYAS, FARZANA LATIF, and NAILA YASMEEN. "ASSOCIATION OF SHORT INTER-PREGNANCY INTERVAL WITH ADVERSE PERINATAL OUTCOME." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 26, no. 1 (2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v26i1.173.

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Background: The time interval in between pregnancies is viewed as an important and modifiable risk factor for adverse birth outcome. Short interpregnancy interval is associated with a number of adverse outcome for both mother and child, including increased risk of preterm labour, low birth weight baby, and preeclampsia . Objective: To determine the association between adverse perinatal outcome and short inter-pregnancy interval in women presenting in labour Material and Methods: This cohort study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, unit 1, Lahore General Hosp

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Weiss, Ari, Hen Y. Sela, Sorina Grisaru-Granovsky, and Misgav Rottenstreich. "Short Interpregnancy Interval Following a Multifetal Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 7 (2023): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072576.

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Objective: To evaluate the maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with short interpregnancy intervals (IPI < 6 months) following a multifetal pregnancy. Study design: A multicenter retrospective cohort study of women with an index multifetal delivery and a subsequent singleton gestation between 2005 and 2021. The obstetrical outcomes of pregnancies following short IPI (<6 months) were compared to those with an IPI of 18–48 months. Additional analyses were also conducted for the other IPI groups: 7–17 months, and longer than 49 months, while women with an IPI of 18–48 months served as th

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Jameel, Madiha, Sabika Iftikhar, Sadia ., et al. "Frequency of Short Inter-pregnancy Interval in Neonatal Morbidities." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 8 (2023): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317826.

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Background: The risk of unfavorable perinatal outcomes in the following pregnancy may increase if there has been a short time between the last live birth and the beginning of the current pregnancy. This elevated risk may be brought on by inadequate nutritional replenishment after the delivery of a live newborn, increased cervical insufficiency, or vertical infection transmission after a brief interpregnancy intervals. Aim: To determine frequency of short interpregnancy interval in neonatal morbidities. Study design: The cross-sectional study. Methodology: The Ittefaq hospital's Neonatal ICU se

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Hu, Xuan, Ying Yang, Long Wang, et al. "Interpregnancy Interval After Healthy Live Birth and Subsequent Spontaneous Abortion." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 6 (2024): e2417397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17397.

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ImportanceMany studies have reported that the interpregnancy interval (IPI) is a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the association between IPI after live birth and subsequent spontaneous abortion (SA) is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of IPI after a healthy live birth and subsequent SA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study used data from 180 921 women aged 20 to 49 years who had a single healthy live birth and planned for another pregnancy and who participated in the Chinese National Free Prepregnancy Checkups Pr

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Gabbay-Benziv, Rinat, Eran Ashwal, Eran Hadar, et al. "Interpregnancy interval and the risk for recurrence of placental mediated pregnancy complications." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 4 (2020): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0471.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short or long interpregnancy interval (IPI) with placental mediated pregnancy complications after already complicated first delivery.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all women with singleton pregnancies who delivered their first three consecutive deliveries in one university-affiliated medical center (1994–2013). Placental mediated complications included placental abruption, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, or preterm delivery. Following first complicated delivery, IP

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Quinn, M., M. Cedars, and V. Y. Fujimoto. "Short interpregnancy interval (IPI) and obstetric outcomes in assisted reproduction." Fertility and Sterility 106, no. 3 (2016): e334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.946.

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Liu, Can, Jonathan M. Snowden, Deirdre J. Lyell, et al. "Interpregnancy Interval and Subsequent Severe Maternal Morbidity: A 16-Year Population-Based Study From California." American Journal of Epidemiology 190, no. 6 (2021): 1034–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab020.

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Abstract Interpregnancy interval (IPI) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but its contribution to severe maternal morbidity (SMM) remains unclear. We examined the association between IPI and SMM, using data linked across sequential pregnancies to women in California during 1997–2012. Adjusting for confounders measured in the index pregnancy (i.e., the first in a pair of consecutive pregnancies), we estimated adjusted risk ratios for SMM related to the subsequent pregnancy. We further conducted within-mother comparisons and analyses stratified by parity and maternal age at the index

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Zoya, Kausar, Pathak Varuna, Bhatia Padma, Verma Priti, Misbah Ali Syed, and Tiwari Payal. "Effect of Interpregnancy Interval on Maternal Anemia in Current Pregnancy and its Obstetric Outcome." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 8 (2022): 889–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13362710.

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<strong>Background:</strong> The interpregnancy interval is defined as the period between the date of the previous delivery and the first day of  last menstrual period for the index pregnancy. The IPI is considered to be an important  determinant of  adverse pregnancy  outcome. <strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong> To determine the effect of short interpregnancy interval on maternal  hemoglobin levels in current pregnancy and on its obstetric outcome. <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> The study design was prospective cohort study which was

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Kurata, Nicole B., Keith K. Ogasawara, Kathryn L. Pedula, and William A. Goh. "Prolonged interpregnancy interval: how does it impact the length of second stage of labor?" Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 8 (2020): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2020-0171.

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AbstractObjectivesShort interpregnancy intervals (IPI) have been linked to multiple adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but less is known about prolonged IPI, including its relationship with labor progression. The objective of the study was to investigate whether prolonged IPIs are associated with longer second stages of labor.MethodsA perinatal database from Kaiser Permanente Hawaii was used to identify 442 women with a prolonged IPI ≥60 months. Four hundred forty two nulliparous and 442 multiparous women with an IPI 18–59 months were selected as comparison groups. The primary outcome was

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Fatima, Mona, Urooj Naz, Aruna Kumari Hira, Aneela Habib, Prof Sarah Kazi, and Haris Majeed. "Association Between Pre-Term Labour and Inter Pregnancy Interval." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 10 (2021): 3137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115103137.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of preterm labour in association with interpregnancy interval among pregnant women visiting tertiary care Hospital. Subject and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed at Unit-I, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Civil Hospital Karachi; from June to November 2020. A total of 190 women with singleton pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound were included. After taking detailed medical history regarding previous fetal death and C-section was recorded either patient goes into preterm labour or not and confirmed by history for short and pr

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Ara, Jehan, Maryam Khan Badshah, Surraya Israr, Hemasa Gul, Sana Fida, and Muhammad Khalid Khan. "Frequency of short interpregnancy interval in preterm birth." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 04 (2021): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.04.4742.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine frequency of short interpregnancy interval in female with preterm labour. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi. Period: 01July 2018 to 31-December 2018. Material & Methods: After meeting inclusion criteria a total of 212 females with preterm birth as per operational definition were taken. Birth interval ≤ 6 months was labeled as short interpregnancy interval. Results: The mean age of patients in this study was 29.00±6.37 years with mean parity

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Umeh, Uchenna Anthony, George Uchenna Eleje, Justus Uchenna Onuh, et al. "Comparison of Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorder Following Previous Cesarean Section between Women with a Short and Normal Interpregnancy Interval." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2022 (August 3, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8028639.

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Objectives. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on the incidence of placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum disorders in women with a previous cesarean section. Methods. A prospective cohort three-center study involving parturients who had previous cesarean section was conducted. Participants were included if pregnancy has lasted up to 34 weeks. Parturients with co-existing uterine fibroids, multiple gestations, premature rupture of membranes, and those with prior postcesarean delivery wound infection were excluded. The eligible women recruit

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Habimana-Kabano, Ignace, Annelet Broekhuis, and Pieter Hooimeijer. "The Effects of Interpregnancy Intervals and Previous Pregnancy Outcome on Fetal Loss in Rwanda (1996–2010)." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/413917.

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In 2005, a WHO consultation meeting on pregnancy intervals recommended a minimum interval of 6 months after a pregnancy disruption and an interval of two years after a live birth before attempting another pregnancy. Since then, studies have found contradictory evidence on the effect of shorter intervals after a pregnancy disruption. A binary regression analysis on 21532 last pregnancy outcomes from the 2000, 2005, and 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys was done to assess the combined effects of the preceding pregnancy outcome and the interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) on fetal mortality i

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Wang, Ze, Yueru Meng, Xue Shang, et al. "Interpregnancy Interval After Clinical Pregnancy Loss and Outcomes of the Next Frozen Embryo Transfer." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 10 (2023): e2340709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.40709.

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ImportanceThe optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI) after a clinical pregnancy loss (CPL) remains controversial. Few studies have addressed the role of the IPI after a preceding CPL during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between different IPI lengths after a preceding CPL and pregnancy outcomes of the next frozen embryo transfer (FET).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Center for Reproductive Medicine of Shandong University in China. The study included women who underwent frozen-thawed b

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Zork, N., A. Merriam, C. Gyamfi-Bannerman, and S. Govindappagari. "Is the Relationship between Short Interpregnancy Interval and Preterm Birth Related to a Short Cervix?" American Journal of Perinatology 34, no. 09 (2017): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1601310.

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Objective Our objective was to determine if the relationship between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and preterm delivery was related to cervical shortening. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study designed to assess the relationship between cervical length (CL) and preterm delivery. Multiparous patients, who had transvaginal CLs obtained at 22 to 24 weeks and complete pregnancy outcome data available were included. The women were divided into two groups: Group 1 with an IPI of ≤ 1 year and Group 2 with an IPI of > 1 year. The primary outcome was short cervix (CL &l

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Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Annette K. Regan, Eva Malacova, et al. "Effects of interpregnancy interval on pregnancy complications: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (2018): e025008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025008.

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IntroductionInterpregnancy interval (IPI) is the length of time between a birth and conception of the next pregnancy. Evidence suggests that both short and long IPIs are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Relatively less attention has been directed towards investigating the effect of IPI on pregnancy complications, and the studies that have been conducted have shown mixed results.This systematic review will aim to provide an update to the most recent available evidence on the effect of IPI on pregnancy complications.Method and analysisWe will search electronic datab

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Tessema, Gizachew A., M. Luke Marinovich, Siri E. Håberg, et al. "Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: An international cohort study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0255000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255000.

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Background Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women can address this issue. Methods We conducted an international longitudinal cohort study of 5,521,211 births to 3,849,193 women from Australia (1980–2016), Finland (1987–2017), Norway (1980–2016) and the United States (California) (1991–2012). IPI was calculated based on the time difference between two dates—the date of birth of the first pregnancy and the date of conception o

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Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Annette K. Regan, and Gavin F. Pereira. "Association between interpregnancy interval and pregnancy complications by history of complications: a population-based cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (2021): e046962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046962.

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ObjectiveTo examine if the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and pregnancy complications varies by the presence or absence of previous complications.Design and settingPopulation-based longitudinally linked cohort study in Western Australia (WA).ParticipantsMothers who had their first two (n=252 368) and three (n=96 315) consecutive singleton births in WA between 1980 and 2015.Outcome measuresWe estimated absolute risks (AR) of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes (GDM) for 3–60 months of IPI according to history of each outcome. We modelled IPI using restricted cubic spli

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Naeh, Amir, Mordechai Hallak, and Rinat Gabbay-Benziv. "Parity and Interval from Previous Delivery—Influence on Perinatal Outcome in Advanced Maternal Age Parturients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3 (2021): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030460.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of parity and interpregnancy interval (IPI) on perinatal outcomes in advanced maternal age (AMA) parturients. Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study of all women older than 40 years, who had a singleton live birth after 24 weeks in the United States in 2017 Women were categorized to three groups by parity and interval from last delivery: primiparas, multiparas with IPI ≤ 5 years, and multiparas with IPI > 5 years. Primary outcome was composite adverse neonatal outcome (preterm delivery <34 weeks, birthweight <2000 g, neonatal seizur

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Batki, Isabella. "Exploring the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Short Interpregnancy Intervals [ID 1404]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 145, no. 6S (2025): 57S. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005917.093.

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INTRODUCTION: The objective was to evaluate if a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) increases risk of short interpregnancy interval (IPI) and to identify contributing factors. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of records from initial obstetrical visits at an urban community-based hospital from July 2020 to February 2023 was performed. The study was IRB exempt. Primigravid patients and those who underwent artificial reproductive technology were excluded. Two groups were identified: those who endorsed IPV and those who did not. Outcomes included short IPI (less than 18 months between

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Tessema, Gizachew A., Siri E. Håberg, Gavin Pereira, Annette K. Regan, Jennifer Dunne, and Maria C. Magnus. "Interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnancies following miscarriages or induced abortions in Norway (2008–2016): A cohort study." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 11 (2022): e1004129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004129.

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Background The World Health Organization recommends to wait at least 6 months after miscarriage and induced abortion before becoming pregnant again to avoid complications in the next pregnancy, although the evidence-based underlying this recommendation is scarce. We aimed to investigate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes—preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, small for gestational age (SGA) birth, large for gestational age (LGA) birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)—by interpregnancy interval (IPI) for births following a previous miscarriage or induced abortion. Metho

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Marinovich, M. Luke, Annette K. Regan, Mika Gissler, et al. "Developing evidence-based recommendations for optimal interpregnancy intervals in high-income countries: protocol for an international cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (2019): e027941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027941.

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IntroductionShort interpregnancy interval (IPI) has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. WHO recommends waiting at least 2 years after a live birth and 6 months after miscarriage or induced termination before conception of another pregnancy. The evidence underpinning these recommendations largely relies on data from low/middle-income countries. Furthermore, recent epidemiological investigations have suggested that these studies may overestimate the effects of IPI due to residual confounding. Future investigations of IPI effects in high-income countries drawing from large, population-base

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Caspersen, Ida Henriette, Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez, Marianne Hope Abel, et al. "Iron status in mid-pregnancy and associations with interpregnancy interval, hormonal contraceptives, dietary factors and supplement use." British Journal of Nutrition 126, no. 8 (2021): 1270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114521000295.

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AbstractAdequate iron supply in pregnancy is important for both the woman and the fetus, but iron status is often assessed late in first trimester, if assessed at all. Therefore, identification of factors associated with iron status is important to target vulnerable groups with increased risk of deficiency. Our objectives were to (1) describe iron status in mid-pregnancy and (2) identify sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of pregnancy iron status. This cross-sectional study uses data from The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (collected 2002–2008) and The Medical Birth Reg

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Palmor, Marissa, Yael Eliner, Jaimin S. Shah, et al. "SHORT INTERPREGNANCY INTERVAL (IPI) DOES NOT DECREASE LIVE BIRTH RATES AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING SUBSEQUENT FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER (FET)." Fertility and Sterility 116, no. 3 (2021): e87-e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.243.

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Quinn, M., H. Huddleston, M. Rosen, M. Cedars, and V. Y. Fujimoto. "Short interpregnancy interval (IPI) is associated with preterm delivery in singleton live births from a national cohort undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)." Fertility and Sterility 108, no. 3 (2017): e40-e41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.132.

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Ikabongo, Imanga, Bellington Vwalika, and Mwansa K. Lubeya. "Prevalence and Factors associated with Short Interpregnancy Intervals among women attending antenatal care at first level hospitals in lusaka, zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 50, no. 3 (2024): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.50.3.352.

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INTRODUCTION The Interpregnancy Interval (IPI’s) is defined as the spacing between a live birth and the beginning of the following pregnancy according to the world health organization. Research has shown that short IPI’s are associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The IPI therefore offers an opportunity for women to optimize their health status in between pregnancies for better pregnancy outcomes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of short IPI’s and further determining the demographic, sociocultural and health care related

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Yang, Ao, Ying Wang, Yuzhen Liu, Juan Yang, Chang Xu, and Shilin Zhong. "Impact of interpregnancy weight change on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus during a second pregnancy in Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 15, no. 1 (2025): e084282. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084282.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the impact of interpregnancy weight changes (IPWC) on the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the second pregnancy.DesignA single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted in China.SettingData were collected in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from 2013 January to 2021 February.ParticipantsParticipants include women who had two consecutive singleton deliveries after 28 gestational weeks (n=2372).OutcomesThe GDM in the second pregnancy (s-GDM) was set as the outcome.MethodsIPWC was defined as the change in body mass index between the first t

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Getahun, Darios, In-Lu Amy Liu, Lina S. Sy, et al. "Safety of the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in 2 Successive Pregnancies." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 9 (2024): e2434857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.34857.

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ImportanceAlthough influenza vaccination has been found to be safe in pregnancy, few studies have assessed repeated influenza vaccination over successive pregnancies, including 2 vaccinations in a year, in terms of adverse perinatal outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the association of seasonal influenza vaccination across successive pregnancies with adverse perinatal outcomes and whether the association varies by interpregnancy interval (IPI) and vaccine type (quadrivalent or trivalent).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included individuals with at least 2 successive

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Lin, Danna, Bing Hu, Yuqi Xiu, et al. "Risk factors for premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 14, no. 3 (2024): e077727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077727.

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ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in pregnant women.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesWeb of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and China Biology Medicine Disc were searched from inception to October 2022.Eligibility criteriaCross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies published in English or Chinese that reported the risk factors for PROM were eligible for inclusion.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independentl

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Yang, Jenny M., Kate Cheney, Rebecca Taylor, and Kirsten Black. "Interpregnancy intervals and women’s knowledge of the ideal timing between birth and conception." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 4 (2019): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200277.

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BackgroundShort interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) are associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. However, few studies have explored women’s understanding of ideal IPIs or investigated knowledge of the consequences of short IPIs.MethodsWe performed a prospective questionnaire-based study at two hospitals in Sydney, Australia. We recruited women attending antenatal clinics and collected demographic data, actual IPI, ideal IPI, contraceptive use, and education provided on birth-spacing and contraception following a previous live birth. We explored associations between an IPI <12 months and a se

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Arshad, Andleeb, Misbah Kausar Javaid, and Abida Rehman. "Comparison of Perinatal Outcome (Low Birth Weight, Preterm Delivery) in Women with <6 Month Versus 12-17 Months of IBI." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 10 (2021): 2742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115102742.

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Objectives: To compare the perinatal outcome (low birth weight, preterm delivery) in women with <6 month versus 12-17 months of interpregnancy birth interval. Material and methods: This Cohort study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from March 2020 to September 2020. Total 420 patients with age range 18-40 years, singleton pregnancy, women with previous live birth, parity 1-4 and Gestational age > 28 weeks assessed on LMP were selected for this study. Patients were divided into two groups (A & B) according to their inter-pregnanc

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Dhamrait, Gursimran Kaur, Catherine Louise Taylor, and Gavin Pereira. "Interpregnancy intervals and child development at age 5: a population data linkage study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (2021): e045319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045319.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) and developmental vulnerability in children’s first year of full-time school (age 5).DesignRetrospective cohort study using logistic regression. ORs were estimated for associations with IPIs with adjustment for child, parent and community sociodemographic variables.SettingWestern Australia (WA), 2002–2015.Participants34 574 WA born singletons with a 2009, 2012 or 2015 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) record.Main outcome measureThe AEDC measures child development across five domains; Physical Health and W

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Manku, Harpoonam. "Comparative study of foley’s catheter and misoprostol versus mifepristone and misoprostol in induction of midtrimester abortions: a retrospective study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 12, no. 12 (2024): 4533–40. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20243702.

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Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of intracervical Foley’s catheter and misoprostol versus mifepristone and misoprostol induction of midtrimester abortions. Methods: I conducted a retrospective comparative study at a university affliated tertiary hospital at the postpartum unit of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2022 to December 2023. Records were available for 80 patients who underwent midtrimester abortion. The enrolled women were allocated in two groups. Group A comprised women who underwent induction with combined

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Bhaskar, Prasad Singh, Kamran Fazal Md., Sariful Haque Md., and Narayan Chaudhary Amrendra. "A Study of Factors Affecting Low Birth Weight in a Tertiary Care Centre." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 5 (2024): 1793–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764626.

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<strong>Background:</strong> The World Health Organization defines “the term Low birth weight as birth weight less than 2500 grams irrespective of the duration of the gestational period.” Low-birth-weight (LBW) is “universal accepted indicator of health status. It is a subject of national concern and a focus of health policy. LBW has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of childhood mortality and morbidity. <strong>Methods:</strong> Total of 300 LBW babies (cases) and 600 NBW babies (controls) among all deliveries within the study period at 17 april 2

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Lewandowska, Małgorzata, Barbara Więckowska, Stefan Sajdak, and Jan Lubiński. "Pre-Pregnancy Obesity vs. Other Risk Factors in Probability Models of Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (2020): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092681.

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In the face of the obesity epidemic around the world, attention should be focused on the role of maternal obesity in the development of pregnancy. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the prediction of preeclampsia (PE) and isolated gestational hypertension (GH) for a number of maternal factors, in order to investigate the importance of pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), compared to other risk factors (e.g., prior PE, pregnancy weight gain (GWG), infertility treatment, interpregnancy interval, family history, the lack of vitamin supplementation, urogenital infecti

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Roberts, Christine, Charles S. Algert, Tanya A. Nippita, Jonathan M. Morris, and Jane B. Ford. "Record linkage improves assessment of interpregnancy interval (IPI)." International Journal of Population Data Science 1, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v1i1.80.

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ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the impact on interpregnancy interval, of linking miscarriage and termination records to birth records.ApproachInterpregnancy interval (IPI) is the time between the end of one pregnancy and conception in a subsequent pregnancy. IPI is one of the few modifiable risk factors for adverse birth outcomes. Information about the effect of IPI is particularly important to women who have suffered a pregnancy loss (miscarriage, termination or perinatal death) and want to conceive again. Accurate measurement of the IPI is important for research into its effect. However, most p

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Bachar, Gal, Naama Farago, Amir Weissman, et al. "Interpregnancy interval after vacuum delivery and subsequent perinatal outcomes." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, June 16, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.15731.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether a short interpregnancy interval (IPI) after vacuum extraction (VE), poses similar perinatal risks in a subsequent pregnancy.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center cohort study between 2011 and 2021. Nulliparous women with term, singleton VE deliveries and with known pregnancy outcomes in their subsequent pregnancy were eligible for inclusion in the study. Each woman was allocated into one of two groups based on the IPI, <18 months and between 18 and 60 months. The primary outcome was the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) <37 weeks in the

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Keller, Justine M., Jessica A. Norton, Fan Zhang, et al. "The Impact of Group Prenatal Care on Interpregnancy Interval." American Journal of Perinatology, December 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739413.

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Objective To evaluate whether participation in CenteringPregnancy group prenatal care is associated with decreased risk of an interpregnancy interval (IPI) ≤6 months. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women enrolled in Missouri Medicaid from 2007 to 2014 using maternal Medicaid data linked to infant birth certificate records. Inclusion criteria were women ≥11 years old, ≥1 viable singleton delivery during the study period, residency in St. Louis city or county, and ≥2 prenatal visits. The primary outcome was an IPI ≤6 months. Secondary outcomes included IPI ≤12 months,

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Karakash, Scarlett D., Elliott K. Main, Shen Chih Chang, Gary M. Shaw, David K. Stevenson, and Jeffrey B. Gould. "Measuring Variation in Interpregnancy Interval: Identifying Hotspots for Improvement Initiatives." American Journal of Perinatology, May 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728819.

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Objective The study aimed to determine if single year birth certificate data can be used to identify regional and hospital variation in rates of short interpregnancy interval (IPI < 6 months). Study Design IPI was estimated for multiparous women ages 15 to 44 years with singleton live births between 2015 and 2016. Perinatal outcomes, place of birth, maternal race, and data for IPI calculations were obtained by using birth certificates. IPI frequencies are presented as observed rates. Results The cohort included 562,039 multiparous women. Short IPI rates were similar to those obtained with a

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Mohammed, S. S. T., S. A. Ashoush, K. H. Sweedan, and R. R. Ali. "Impact of the Length of Interpregnancy Interval on Obstetric Outcomes." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, Supplement_1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa056.008.

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Abstract Background Inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) is defined as the period between the last delivery and conception of the current pregnancy. Both short and long intervals between pregnancies have been associated with an increased risk of variable adverse outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), small size for gestational age, and perinatal death. Aim of the Work To assess the impact of IPI as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Patients and Methods This study was held in Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital on 1719 patients ranging between the ages

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