Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interprétation clinique'
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Chabert, Catherine. "Le Rorschach en clinique adulte : interprétation psychanalytique." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100073.
Full textThe first part of the thesis (volume I) sets out to expound a methodological approach to the use of the Rorschach in the diagnosis of adult diseases, with two objectives. Firstly, it aims at a pluridimentional analysis of the contribution of the Rorschach to the exploration of the human psychic functioning. Secondly, it attempts to establish the links between the theoretical model provided by psychoanalysis and its possible applications in the field of projective tests. Therefore the framework of the projective situation is defined and the analysis of both manifest content and latent content of the material is specified. Moreover, the study of the Rorschach factors is explained in terms of psychic behaviors, an analysis of the characteristics of the individual functioning in a dynamic perspective is thus made possible. The second part of the thesis (volume 2) tests the analysis and interpretation approach by applying it to psychopathology and particularly to the three main areas of neurosis, pathology of narcissism and psychosis. The research brings out the fundamental constructions which characterize these mental organizations through the Rorschach : in the area of neurosis, the common features of the neurotic systems are examined through the analysis of the intra-psychic conflict and its rendering in terms of the Rorschach ; in the area of narcissism, particular signs (overinvestment in one’s barriers, refusal of the inner source of the pulsion, specular representations of the relations, white anguish) are brought out and interpreted in the light of recent psychoanalytic works; in the area of psychosis, trouble with the process of thought is studied thoroughly, particularly in relation to the representation of the body and the early relations, marked by discontinuity and attacks against the links. The three corresponding chapters are illustrated with studies of specific cases through a joint analysis in terms of the Rorschach and T. A. T
Barbosa, Keylla. "D'une clinique psychanalytique des psychoses : histoire, clinique, structure : entre acte analytique et acte politique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7063.
Full textThe approach of this thesis is based on psychoanalytic clinic of psychoses that emerged during Freud and Lacan's studies. In order to understand the importance of this clinic, it is essential taking into account two distinct points: understand the context in which it was originated and review the current scenario where it is applied. Therefore, the objectives of this thesis are focused on three axis: 1) Determine the clinic directions provided by Freud and Lacan; 2) understand the psychoanalytic clinic of psychoses with respect to therapeutic propositions derived from medical speech (predominant in our current society); and 3) analyze the psychoanalysis's contribution related to some aspects of present's psychosis clinic. The theoretical-clinical piece to be studied concerns the impact from different facets of the Master's speech (medical/scientific, state and normative) on the psychotic subject and, consequently, on the psychoanalytic clinic of psychoses. The analysis of the specificity of the psychoanalytic method in cases of psychosis, as well as the way the Master's speech persists on the objectification of the subject will lead to the assumption that the psychoanalytic clinic is not only possible, but also necessary. Necessary because the analytical act challenges the Master speech's role, opening the possibility for transformation or inversion of this role throughout the treatment. By doing that, the analytical act becomes a political act since it will serve to create a social bond outside the requirements, rules and standards of a given society
Esta tese visa abordar a clínica psicanalítica das psicoses, particularmente a partir do trabalho de Freud e Lacan. A fim de compreender a importância desta clínica, é necessário fazer dois movimentos distintos: um retorno ao contexto no qual ela surgiu e uma revisão das questões atuais nas quais ela está inserida. Assim, os objetivos desta tese concentram-se em três eixos: 1) determinar as indicações clínicas fornecidas por Freud e Lacan; 2) pensar a clínica psicanalítica das psicoses em relação às proposições terapêuticas provindas do discurso médico (dominante na nossa sociedade atual); 3) analisar a contribuição da psicanálise para certos aspectos da clínica das psicoses hoje. O corte teórico-clínico atual que será analisado diz respeito ao impacto das diferentes facetas do discurso do mestre (médico/científico, estatal e normativo) sobre os sujeitos psicóticos e, consequentemente, sobre a clínica psicanalítica das psicoses. A análise da especificidade do método psicanalítico nos casos de psicose, bem como a análise da forma como o discurso do mestre persiste na objetivação do sujeito, nos levará à hipótese de que a clínica psicanalítica de psicoses é não somente possível, como também necessária. Necessária na medida em que o ato analítico questiona a função do discurso do mestre e abre, através do tratamento, a possibilidade de transforma-lo ou até mesmo de invertê-lo. Ao fazer isso, o ato analítico se torna ao mesmo tempo um ato político posto que servirá para criar um laço social além das exigências protocolares, regulatórias e normativas de uma dada sociedade
Prieto, Graciela. "Ecritures du sinthome : contribution à la construction d'une clinique borroméenne." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070127.
Full textThe Seminar "The Other Side of Psychoanalysis" marks a change in Lacan's development, shifting the emphasis from the axis of desire to the axis of jouissance. Jouissances are multiple and cannot be reduced to a pair of opposites; although heterogeneous, they are not mutually exclusive. The structure of jouissance is therefore not subject to thé principles of non-contradiction and the excluded third and instead implies a ternary logic. This logical necessity leads Lacan to rethink structure in terms of the Borromean topology. This structure depends on the fact that the living body is immersed in the Symbolic, in other words on the manner in which the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary are knotted together. In order for there to be a knot, the three orders have to be hollowed, as topology is nothing but a mode of organization of the hole. The hole is also at stake in lalangue, the latter being made of pieces of the Real, which are transmitted by the jagged fragments of writing and determinative of unconscious knowledge (savoir). It is this Real that Lacan is trying to capture by using topology as a type of writing independent of the hastiness of the signifier. According to Lacan, such writing does not occur without failure. This is so because in order for something to be articulated, a fourth term, the Sinthome, as a naming fonction, must be constructed. The archaic spelling of this term multiplies its echoes. Given that all creation and invention belongs to the realm of the Sinthome, this research raises its questions through the study of the sinthome's role in the work of three artists, Van Gogh, Schwitters and Wolman: the question of the necessary conditions for its construction (Van Gogh), its fonction in psychosis (Schwitters) and the distinct fonction it holds in neurosis (Wolman)
Sibertin-Blanc, Guillaume. "Politique et clinique : recherche sur la philosophie pratique de Gilles Deleuze." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30027.
Full textMartinho, José Carlos Figueiras. "Clinique de la jouissance." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20060.
Full text@This work concerns the topology of jouissance and the way the psychoanalysis treats the sense of symptom. It studies also the return to Freud tempted by Lacan and the modalities of the psychoanalytical clinic of jouissance. The work finishes with a developed analysis of the case of Fernando Pessoa
Rivoyre, Frédéric de. "Une approche psychanalytique de la notion freudienne de moi idéal l'instance idéale fondatrice : étude théorico-clinique." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100170.
Full textThe concept of ideal ego has been introduced by Freud in the psychoanalytical theory in 1914 in zur einfuhrung der narzissmus. Since that time it has not been used much. The ideal founder agency is an attempt to prove that this concept is nowadays fundamental for what concerns the narcissics psychopathological troubles. In order to demonstrate this affirmation, this research deals first with an analysis of the theoretical works that have been done on the subject from freud to Francoise Dolto. Analyzing attentively the works of Viktor Tausk. Hermann Numberg, Daniel Lagache and Jacques Lacan and some of Anglo-Saxons authors such as Heinz Kohut, Otto Kernberg and Annie Reich. A part of this first chapter shows how the transferential relationship between Freud and Jung was important in the context of the elaboration of the theory of narcissism because of Jung’s narcissics troubles. Then, this research is found upon Lacan's theory of "imaginaire" which enables a better understanding of the narcissism. The second part of the research is based upon seven clinical studies of adults and children that have been reported through their therapies. Their analyses put the light on the fact that each psychoanalyst confronted with narcissics troubles should accept to be involved narcissically himself in the cure. The last part deals with the theory of the ideal founder agency : it postulates a knot (cf. Lacan) including instincts with a "pre-imaginaire" surface (ideal ego) and with a pre-symbolical materiel (ego ideal). The description of the agency through two poles-ideal ego and ego idealenables a coordination of the dynamics and the economics in that structure and gives the psychoanalyst a new way of thinking the pre-oedipian building of the ego. Consequently this concept provides a new psychoanalytical approach of narcissics troubles
Antonopoulou, Maria. "Les rêves dans les structures psychanalytiques : vers une valeur diagnostique. Etude théorique et clinique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC068.
Full textRenseignementNot ail subjects dream in the same way. They would dream according to their structure ; that is structure in the theory of Freud and that of Lacan. On the one hand the study of Freud's texts takes us to discover the Freudian wish to found the theory of "Psychopathology of dreams" and his clinicat concern to understand psychosis by the study of dreams and their mechanisms. He treats the dream as a major operator of the clinicat theory and practice of psychosis and supports that there is a triggering moment of the delusional material in the dream and in that very moment there is also a dynamic rectification of the delusion through the dream. On the other hand the study of Lacanian texts and seminars until 1956 makes us wonder if and in what direction we can talk about a theory of dreams in Lacan. Going through the Lacanian thinking we study the way in which Lacan, over a first phase of his teaching, addresses the issue of dreams in his theoretical and clinicat approach of psychosis to leave it aside as soon as lie deals with the delusion as the structural element in the clinicat theory and practice of psychosis. At that time Lacan is at variance with the Freudian conception that the dream could be built as a substitute/replacement against the delusion. However, we consider that Lacan leaves an opening of research on question of dreams and the subject's structure suggesting that the dream gives access to the subject's imaginary structuration and that it can also be matched with certain signifiers. Clinicat experience leads us to draw certain hypotheses on the clinicat value of the "unforgettable dreams" and the "anxiety dreams" conceptualized by Freud as "the limited case of the dream's function". Linked with the other psychical manifestations the dreams that burst in the subject's life can be used as diagnostic tools. They make it possible to complete the anamnesis but in the same time they reveal the subject's capacities to construct "the body of speech" through the narration of the dream
Baunez-Bourain, Marie-Jo. "Anthropologie clinique du visage." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070103.
Full textFrom the frightening face to the face, the elements of structure must be spread out again, from the principle of reality to the pleasure principle on one hand from the primaty narcissism to the ego ideal on the other hand. Reconsidering the plastic that frightening face, the one found in potteries and the one described in Anthropology, mainly in the C. Levi-Strauss book : La voie des masques, we concluded to the existence of the psychic function bringing forth a change of state as much for the subject as for social issues. That very face which function referred to a Vorstellungrepreisentanz of Das Ding, structures the subject of the unconsciousness by the integration of the incest prohibition. In our clinic, that hallucination was an attempt of secondary reconstruction, remobilised by primai phantasm
Oyola, Diego. "L’objet regard : ses présentations dans la clinique psychanalytique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REN20024.
Full textThe present research explores the concept of the gaze presented by Jacques Lacan throughout his teaching. It is a study of the gaze as one of the modalities of presentation of the object a in the psychoanalytic clinic. In the first part of the thesis, a return to Freud is proposed, to the theoretical developments where the background of the concept of the gaze is found. For this purpose, the writings related to the theory of drives and especially the scopic drive are addressed. The originality of the concept of the gaze in Lacan's theory is also established. The gaze is defined as the object a in the visual field. Then, in the second part, a reading of the Freudian clinic is made on the points where the gaze plays a preponderant role. Lacan's theory of discourses allows us to locate the different elements that come into play. To exemplify this, the Freudian clinical histories, namely Miss Anna O., Little Hans, The Rat Man, President Schreber and The Young Homosexual Girl, are examined in depth. In them, the gaze takes on a particular value in relation to the subject's position vis-à-vis the castration of the Other. Finally, in the third part, the object gaze is placed in the framework of the phantasm. The topological figures used by Lacan to formalize psychoanalytic theory are used. In addition, the paradigmatic dream of the Wolf Man is taken as an important reference. In the fundamental fantasy, the child is positioned as the object of the Other's gaze, desire and jouissance. Here, the relationship between the gaze and the superego is revealed
Cazals, Philippe. "Place et fonction du mythe dans la théorie et la clinique psychanalitiques." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30039.
Full textFrom the start, the Freudian “ new science ” was forced by the real of its object, the subject of unconscious, to agree to the fiction : the clinic being the generating point to the theory. The Freudian use of the myth - from Totem and Taboo to Moses - derives from this logic. Though this use is persisting in confusing the real of enjoyment with a “ historical ” reality in quest of which it sets out, nevertheless it was a bridge giving access to the truth : that of a human subject torn on this way of enjoyment by the structure. When Lacan returned to Freud, he performed at first a structural reading that seemed to be on the verge of demythologising. Yet this transition from myth to structure was only the first moment of the process. Since far from eliminating this part of the Freudian legacy, he returned in this way to the myth, going beyond the structure. He defended these fictions as necessary aporias, therefore something that insists on being written and inviting us to decipher it
Fagalde, Mariana. "Subjectivations au féminin : critiques des modèles psychanalytiques et essai de mise à l'épreuve clinique." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070085.
Full textThis research develops a critical reading of freudo-lacanian creations on femininity by revealing the phallocentric bias of the two proposals. It carries out a detailed reading of the freudian work to account the moments in which femininity is the effect of logical operations that take the masculine as a standard and to criticize in the lacanian thought the existence of a unique psychic operation to understand subjectivation. The Metaphor of the Name-of-the-Father makes the phallus the single signifier of the sexuation and the lack, its only guide. Femininity is defined as a negative: "not all" to the phallic function. The methodology of work is framed from the Gender Perspective and the logic of the deconstruction which stresses that the text of an author, his/her work, always charges with the limitations proper of the thought of a human being plunged into a certain philosophical, political and cultural context: the Freudian and Lacanian texts are subverted and new concepts are delivered to offer an alternative reading of the female processes of feminine subjectivation. This thesis proposes that the feminine subjectivation operates on a "matrixiel" order that coexists with the phallic field. The "matrixiel" makes possible to interpret in a creative way the female processes as subjectivation processes subjacent to the paternal metaphor, associated with the feminine drive. The feminine processes of subjectivation are the operations that end in the closure and the significant resolution, evocative from this moment of the sense. The feminine allows then the subsistence of the movement, of the gesture which produces, creates arid materializes the production of the signifier
Konstantopoulos, Emmanuel. "Approche clinique et épistémologique des psychoses de Freud (1880-1938) à Lacan (1932-1956)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070044.
Full textThe hypothesis of the psychoanalytic anthropology, that reaches the level of "epistemology of the symbolic», imposes a critical archeology of the Freud & Lacan basic texts as a necessary condition to the work of psychosis, as a pre-eminently clinical object. Far from a clear chronological reading, we go through first with Freud (1880-1938), then with Lacan (1932-1956), the evolution of concepts through time in order to perceive the difficulties that authors face due to the demands of clinical listening. In the first section of this thesis, travelling with Freud, through the spirit of his era and the succession of his writings, we discover Freud's clinical concerns about the psychosis in contrast to the prevailing approach according to which Freud was not concerned about the neurosis and particularly about the hysteria. This is the concern that drives him to introduce narcissism in 1914, while shelf questioning on the ego and on its transformations or even more to advance towards his second topic of 1921 around the inclination of death, the superego and mostly of the melancholy theory. Freud concerned about the clinical part of psychosis but incapable of developing a structure on it, opened the field of research on the notion of psychosis. This notion can be developed and reach the level of a scientific object thanks to Lacan's research, that we approach in the second part of this thesis, and his clinics on the psychosis. Lacan, who has been Freud's excellent reader, publicly exposed himself and Freud's writings, as well as his position and perspective on Freud which changes in light of his historic meeting with Levis-Strauss. The readings of Freud's positions through the eyes of Levi-Strauss leads Lacan to create a new theory of the subject, theory that not only confounds the psychoanalytical movement but also results to a new approach on the psychoses that reveals for the first time the psychotic subject. So, the delirium, speech to be decoded, becomes "A senseless" which imposes its interpretation. The delirium as "a remedy attempt", under Freud's view becomes a treasure of significants that Lacan discovers in the anthropology of Levi-Strauss and the linguistics of De Saussure
Assous, Saïd. "Analyse temps-fréquence par la transformée en S et interprétation des signaux de fluximétrie laser Doppler : applications au diagnostic clinique." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0026.
Full textThe laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) technique is based on the spectral broadening of monochromatic light, that interacts with moving red blood cells in tissue. The power spectral density of the backscattered light can be processed to yield an estimate of microvascular tissue perfusion in the form of a signal. The primary objective of this work is to explore the information contained in this signal in order to understand the physiological phenomena which appear in the microcirculation and to present solutions of assistance in the diagnosis of corresponding pathologies. The decision problem may be divided into the stages of feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and pattern recognition. This work shows that decision performance depends largely upon the signal representation. The study relies on the S transform, a linear time-frequency representation which overcomes the short time Fourier transform fixed length window limitation and the phase notion in the wavelet transform for non stationary signal analysis. This transform provides a powerful framework for feature extraction, localizing the discriminant information in the laser Doppler flowmetry signal in time and in frequency. This new approach makes possible the analysis of the five characteristic frequencies contained in laser Doppler flowmetry signals and contributes to the apprehension of the signals of reactive hyperaemia. In addition, due to the high dimension of time-frequency representations, its success relies upon an appropriate form of dimensionality reduction. It is shown that the singular values decomposition provides an effective means of concentrating that information which is important, and discarding that which is irrelevant. Its singular vectors reflect the behavior spectral in the time of the various physiological activities present in the laser Doppler flowmetry signal
Goyena, José Luis. "De l'impasse à la transmission : approche clinique de la théorie de la technique." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/goyena_jl.
Full textSavignoni, Alexia. "Estimation et interprétation de l'effet pronostique d'une grossesse survenant après le traitement d'un cancer du sein : approche méthodologique par des simulations de données de survie évaluant l'impact d'un événement survenant au cours du temps et en lien avec le statut pronostique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S026/document.
Full textAlmost fifty thousand women were treated for breast cancer in France in 2012. Two percents occur in women under 35 years old. As more women are postponingchildbearing until later life, physicians are more often faced with questions regarding their subsequent pregnancy. Reproductive history, hormonal influences, and breastcarcinoma may be interrelated. However no study has reported a pejorative effect of the pregnancy on the breast cancer recurrences; many studies have found that pregnancy has no adverse effects on clinical outcome in women diagnosed previously with breast cancer, and may even have a long-term protective effect in some. This phenomenon may be due to the « healthy mother bias »: only women who feel well will pursue a subsequent pregnancy. So the pregnancy is an event which occurrence is linked to the prognostic status of the patient; and its appearance might interact with the hormonal sensitivity of the breast cancer. To try to take into account this confusion bias in the estimation and interpretation of the pregnancy effect, we explore two approaches. The pregnancy is considered as an exposure. In a first way, we apply the illness-death model to analyze cohort data: the exposition is the intermediate state which value depends on time; the estimation of the factors related to the transition to the exposure allows a qualitative evaluation of the confusion. The effect of the exposure is studied through the comparison between the transitions to the event of interest: those which underwent the intermediate state and the others. This effect is estimated by taking into account the interaction between the exposure and the prognostic factors characterizing the gravity of the disease as reflecting the health status. In the second approach, pairs composed of an exposed and a non-exposed subject are created from the cohort data. In the literature, the matching is realized by creating pairs a posteriori, as if the pregnancy was known at the cancer diagnosis date. We propose in this particular case where the event characterizing the member of the pair is an event occurring over time, a newmatching method. Moreover, we studied some known models of analysis dedicated to the censored correlated data: the stratified Cox model of Holt and Prentice, the more used, and the Cox model of Lee, Wei and Amato. All the work is based on a large simulation study in order to estimate and interpret the prognostic effect of an event occurring over time and related to the prognostic status. The simulations conclusions were applied to the analysis of real data of young women treated for a breast cancer, in order to evaluate the possible prognostic effect of a subsequent pregnancy
Di, Charles. "La nuit en anthropologie et en clinique : éléments de psychopathologie transculturelle des traumatismes psychiques." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_di.pdf.
Full textThis study focuses on nocturnal expressions of psychic traumas in migrant patients. It questions their form of expression, their evolution, their fate and the representations that the subject makes of them, in connection with cultural depictions of the night. To achieve this, we conducted a review of the psychoanalytic, anthropological and ethnopsychoanalytic literature on psychological traumas, traumatic dreams and cultural representations of the night. The subjects of this study are migrant patients that are followed-up in psychiatry for psychic traumas. On the methodological plan, we longitudinally analyzed transcriptions of consultations, conducted semi-structured research interviews, and proceeded to a thematic analysis in a transverse way. We came to the result that the troubles afflicting our patients are very resistant to various treatments. These disorders are not confined to nightmares and traumatic dreams. They involve other phenomena such as trances, frights, appearances, presences and become more difficult to cope with at night. These atypical nocturnal symptoms, generally considered the most troublesome, appear only in the night. Relying primarily on psychoanalysis, anthropology and ethnopsychoanalysis in a complementarist approach, this research has shown that these nocturnal expressions of psychic traumas, including dream thoughts and contents, are culturally coded. They are congruent with cultural depictions of the night, which should be spotted, in order to to seek for their meaning and then allow the elaboration process to take place. This leads to consider the night as an object of anthropological and clinical interest
Dellas, Jean-Louis. "Métapsychologie, sujet et altérité. D'un inventaire de la métapsychologie freudienne par l'épistémologie et la clinique, vers une psychanalyse subjectale." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5040.
Full textA psychoanalytical oriented practice strenghtens the differential between clinic and theory and shows the clinical relevance of the subject concept missing in the freudian theory. A minimal psychological model of the subject and his otherness relationship is suggested for the study's aim. The virtually exhaustive analysis of the freudian text identifies the implied structure of metapsychology and its relation to the subject. .
Espinosa, Gómez María del Carmen. "Les differentes figures de mere chez freud et leurs derivations theorico-clinique chez d'autres psychanalystes." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070037.
Full textIn psychoanalysis, references to the mother are numerous, they occupy a vast field, and where this theme is concerned, old controversies arise. What is the mother? what is the nature of the first ties between child and adult? how can we conceptualize the relation between those first ties and the psychic constitution of the child? those questions are tackled in very different ways by different psychoanalyists. In order to stress the theoretical and clinical divergences in the way psychoanalysts conceives the mother, we have chosen to study the mother concepts devised by jean laplanche, melanie klein, winnicott and the interactionists who refer themselves to psychoanalysis, and who represent, even though they come from the same freudian corpus, opposite beliefs. In this work, we base ourselves on those authors to illustrate some of the discrepancies the concept of mother developed by freud have taken in psychoanalysis, and to show that no concensus exists on what mother really means. It appears that freud himself is at the origin of divergent theories since he doesn't present an unique vision of the mother, but several, quite heterogenous in nature. As a consequence, this heterogeneousness generates different ways in considering the notion of mother in psychoanalysis. Based on the interpretation of freud's work, we tried to collect the different aspects of the mother freud develops and to analyze their righteousness. Among freud's theoretical concepts which gave way to new developments in other psychoanalysts, we identified : the mother of archaic fantasms ; the first care mother ; and the sexual mother. Finally, one of our goal in this thesis is to identify the different aspects of the mother in freud's work and their impact on the above mentionned psychoanalysts
Mezhrahid, Julie. "Logiques du Délire : Savoir et Méconnaissance dans la clinique de la Psychose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3117.
Full textAll research and works during all these years are gathered in this document based on three main phases. The first phase was to rediscosver Freud’s theory about smart concept of “méconnaissance” meaning "misconstrue" or "misrecognize”. As we have explored the foundations of the psyché and all related mechanisms, this misconstrue appears within all Freud’s work long where both structural and processual components have been evaluated. Following the heritage of classical psychiatry school, and deepening lacanien’s theories and teachings, the second step has allowed to develop and detail the “méconnaissance” concept. According to Lacan’s lessons, identification and acknowledgement are the two key drivers of this concept. To build on them, it is possible to modelize four psychic acts founded on particular “méconnaissance” depending on the close links to the fields of imaginary and symbol. So, delusion could be viewed as a kind of knowledge, a true “ça-voir”, closely connected to a significant image. Last but not least, the third phase dealt with new theoritical perspectives based on the existence of delirious logic for patients according to their specific psychosis, schizophrenia and paraphrenia talkings. Psychopathological arguments were binded in order to identify new open therapeutic areas for clinical psychosis
Ehrlich, Irène. "L' approche biographique dans l'orientation professionnelle : de la sociologie clinique aux contributions de l'existentialisme sartrien." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070009.
Full textThe goal of this research is to analyze the theory and method of the Existentialism of J. P. Sartre for the development of a biographical approach in the field of career guidance. We propose with this work to examine to what extent the approach sartreana prorposciona a biographical Research Advancement in order to help the person to lie as subject of their history vis-à-vis socio-historical conditions,, as well as in consideration of the role of the profession within the set of personality for the future. The biographical approach was built in the field of vocational guidance during the years 80. Their integration was characterised by the attempt to overcome the initial proposition, since the development of industrial capitalism, focused on the extent of human skills to find the right place for the subject in the world of work. (Guichad Huteau, 2007). Contributing to the construction of a new perspective to the field, the biographical approach inuagurada by G. Francequin (2004) seeks to integrate the personal history of subject to the professional choice, considering the determinants of mental and social situation. In this sense, it is mainly from the Clinical Sociology and particularly the perspective developed by Vincent de Gaulejac, that Francequin is the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of a perspective biografica in op
Arzel, Nadal Laurence. "La clinique des atteintes du narcissisme : fondements et déplacements de l'image inconsciente du corps selon Françoise Dolto." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20002.
Full textThis research deals withe the elucidation of the historical and epistemic foundations for the concept of what F. Dolto called "unconscious image of the body". Our study follows two main lines. The first focuses on the register and the epistemic positions which shape and model the concept of "unconscious image of the body". The second creates through deconstruction and displacement a new meaning for the concept if "unconscious image of the body", a concept which is considerad central in F. Dolto's works. In this study we have tried to maintain an epistemological and medical approach. This work can be considered as an update of F. Dolto's ideas using present-day theories on the issue of narcissism and the damage it causes
Valerio, Orlandi Mariana. "Le désir et le ravage dans la clinique de l'inceste : de la transmission inconsciente à la répétition aliénante entre mère et fille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC122.
Full textThe mother-daughter dyad is crossed by something from the order of the desire and sexuality. The notion of a double, an equal, a repetition that encompasses some relationships between mothers and daughters in a context of intra-familial sexual violence is one question that challenges us in our clinical practice. From what Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan teach us - the latter specially about the devastation - we ask ourselves what is the place that daughters occupy in the subjectivity of mothers from families with history of incest ? What will be passed from mother to daughter ? We do not refer only to the father-daughter incest, but also to other forms of incest, involving others in the family circle, as well to what we call incest of second type (according to Françoise Héritier) and the incestual (as descibed by Paul-Claude Racamier). Thus, our research deliberates on what is behind the confusion of roles, generations and « language » between mother and daughter in the incest’s domain. The work is linked to the field of psychoanalytic anthropology as developed by Paul-Laurent Assoun and Markos Zafiropoulos (2002) which approaches the social Other to undestand the unconsciouns subject in Freud and Lacan’s theory. The mother-daughter relationship and its resonance in the social, symbolic and psychic arenas, in conjunction with the question of the incest and the incestual are the core os this work. We propose to investigate the mother-daughter relationship in a incestuous context with or without passage to the act through psychoanalytical reference supported by clinical case studies. The ambivalence between love and hate, which is « naturally » present in the mother-daughter relationship, is amplified in the incest situation. We try to analyze in depth the roots of violent action when mothers « fail » in their protective role, disturbing the mother-daughter relationship in an even more devastating way, as per the Lacanian term devastation. These circumstances in which mother and daughter are in a profound impasse reveal a relationship of domination and make us question how the transmission works between them
Simonelli, Thierry. "Les premières métapsychologies de Freud (1891-1896)." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES1003.
Full textRelatively little research has been done on Freud’s pre-psychoanalytic work. In addition, this period has been used as a pretext by the few respective authors: the majority end up finding only echoes of their own psychoanalytical ideas. To avoid this trap, I carefully retrace Freud’s steps from his first bock on apahasia in 1891 to the 1896 discovery of the role of fantasy. I shed light on a first genuine Freudian metapsychology. Not only do these pages contain a reflection on the relationship between the brain and the psyche; a theory of language cornes out of Freud’s clinical work on aphasia and hysteria, as well. I describe the various restatements of this metapsychology and the different clinical practices that accompany it. This periad emerges as among the richest and most complex of the entire Freudian corpus
Kaluaratchige, Elizabeth. "Le principe de Nirvãna et la jouissance dans la clinique du sentiment océanique : les formes de la jouissance dans l'auto thérapie corporelle et spirituelle du sujet bouddhiste occidental moderne." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070045.
Full textIn order to prove the theory of death drive, freud introduced the nirvana principle, the tendency wh1ch leads the human being towards the « beyond the pleasure principle ». He used the term of "rejoicing" in order to explain the oceanic sentiment as an effort to return to the maternal bosom, through corporal and spiritual practices promoted by western buddhists who seek nirvanic ecstasy. Lacan has worked again on this phenomenon through the concept of jouissance of the thing as "beyond speech and sex". Since jouissance of the thing is impossible, the subject seeks "possible forms" in the culture. Historical truth of buddhism proves that the buddhism in asia is a paternal religion, but the western buddhist is integrated in religious oceanic sentiment introduced later by some sects of the great véhicle. He tries to overcome the suffering through individu al effort to erase envelopes of the ego and the mirror image. Female cases give evidence for their psychical destiny from being elected by the father to sacrify herself to the father. The jouissance of the other and the "plus-de-jouir" explain how the subject had juggled propositions of the modern culture. The subject , "the cultural hero" tries to go beyond the father by their aspiration to become buddha. He proves freud's theory that the libido whenit is not invested in the object, ij gets transformed into the death drive. The dissolution of frontier between the id and the ego reveàls the importance conferred by the subject to autoerotism. The clinic of oceanic sentiment shows the effort of the modern man at solving hïs unrest by radical sublimation
Raducanou, Catherine. "La capacité de la mère à se séparer de son enfant : approche clinique, littéraire et iconographique." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070122.
Full textMissing mother or absent mother? Who is the mother? Who names her and what designes her? Who is she who prepares the child for life with the amazing gift of accepting the inevitable separation? She is the mother who must brace herself to be ever after conjured up in relation to the past and the sweet times of childhood only. She is the mother whom the dying soldier calls on | the ground of the battle waged in the name of the land that, in order to be most defended, calls itself »motherland ». The mother is indubitably a woman in tears. She is the mother of the Annunciation. The Annunciation announces the birth of the Christ, at the same time, foreshadows the tragedy of the Passion and of his death. The reader of Pascal Quignard 'works is accustomed to Connecting the object of maternal love and the cruel lack of it with the depths of depression, anorexia and silence. The adult overwhelmed by the absence of the mother voices over and over the reproaches, the rebellions and the pain during a trial where no one knows exactly who- the victim or the guilty party-expects forgiveness from the other
Mezhrahid, Julie. "Logiques du Délire : Savoir et Méconnaissance dans la clinique de la Psychose." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3117.
Full textAll research and works during all these years are gathered in this document based on three main phases. The first phase was to rediscosver Freud’s theory about smart concept of “méconnaissance” meaning "misconstrue" or "misrecognize”. As we have explored the foundations of the psyché and all related mechanisms, this misconstrue appears within all Freud’s work long where both structural and processual components have been evaluated. Following the heritage of classical psychiatry school, and deepening lacanien’s theories and teachings, the second step has allowed to develop and detail the “méconnaissance” concept. According to Lacan’s lessons, identification and acknowledgement are the two key drivers of this concept. To build on them, it is possible to modelize four psychic acts founded on particular “méconnaissance” depending on the close links to the fields of imaginary and symbol. So, delusion could be viewed as a kind of knowledge, a true “ça-voir”, closely connected to a significant image. Last but not least, the third phase dealt with new theoritical perspectives based on the existence of delirious logic for patients according to their specific psychosis, schizophrenia and paraphrenia talkings. Psychopathological arguments were binded in order to identify new open therapeutic areas for clinical psychosis
Rennó, Dos Mares Guia-Menendez Elisa. "La féminité et le féminin : De la clinique du singulier à la dimension de la culture. Savoir, transmission et position de l'analyste." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC111.
Full textIn his conference about the Weltanschauung Freud evokes the special relation between the psychoanalysis and the knowledge. The Psychoanalysis can't be guided through One single formal representation. The gap between the singular and its theoretical exposure, inherent to the transmission, leads us to think about the impossibility of the realization of the female sex in the unconscious. The feminine runs through the entire field of psychoanalysis. But the unconscious doesn't say anything about the female sex. The feminine is not femininity, it has no model, it's related to one position, related to the Other. If, according to Freud, the unassimilated character puts women in a position essentially problematic, Lacan develops a kind of know-how with the default of the symbolization. So, the feminine position consists in an other way of conceiving the relation to the phallus, more supple. Lacan has also worked on this according to the perspective of the transfer and the desire of the analyst. In this context he has also developed the relation between feminine's position and the analyst, and the importance of the feminine for the psychoanalysis. Freud's desire to understand femininity led him to examine the issues of femininity in many respects. According to him the realization of the female sex is more complicated, he even wondered about the right way to reach the so-called normal female attitude - that makes us thinking about the transmission of femininity and the feminine. Question which serves us as a sort of compass to think a parallel between the feminine and its transmission and that of psychoanalysis
Valerio, Orlandi Mariana. "Le désir et le ravage dans la clinique de l'inceste : de la transmission inconsciente à la répétition aliénante entre mère et fille." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC122.
Full textThe mother-daughter dyad is crossed by something from the order of the desire and sexuality. The notion of a double, an equal, a repetition that encompasses some relationships between mothers and daughters in a context of intra-familial sexual violence is one question that challenges us in our clinical practice. From what Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan teach us - the latter specially about the devastation - we ask ourselves what is the place that daughters occupy in the subjectivity of mothers from families with history of incest ? What will be passed from mother to daughter ? We do not refer only to the father-daughter incest, but also to other forms of incest, involving others in the family circle, as well to what we call incest of second type (according to Françoise Héritier) and the incestual (as descibed by Paul-Claude Racamier). Thus, our research deliberates on what is behind the confusion of roles, generations and « language » between mother and daughter in the incest’s domain. The work is linked to the field of psychoanalytic anthropology as developed by Paul-Laurent Assoun and Markos Zafiropoulos (2002) which approaches the social Other to undestand the unconsciouns subject in Freud and Lacan’s theory. The mother-daughter relationship and its resonance in the social, symbolic and psychic arenas, in conjunction with the question of the incest and the incestual are the core os this work. We propose to investigate the mother-daughter relationship in a incestuous context with or without passage to the act through psychoanalytical reference supported by clinical case studies. The ambivalence between love and hate, which is « naturally » present in the mother-daughter relationship, is amplified in the incest situation. We try to analyze in depth the roots of violent action when mothers « fail » in their protective role, disturbing the mother-daughter relationship in an even more devastating way, as per the Lacanian term devastation. These circumstances in which mother and daughter are in a profound impasse reveal a relationship of domination and make us question how the transmission works between them
Beaucé, Olivier. "Spectre du pacte : contribution clinique et psychopathologique au problème du contrat de consentement sexuel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REN20045.
Full textRegarding the problem of sexual consent, brought to light by the #MeToo movement, the use of contractualization has become widespread. Despite immediate denunciation and despite its impasses, the sexual consent contract nevertheless continues to allure its users, sign that it must promise a certain secondary benefit. lt is these (fa Ise) promises that our work will analyze, to identify the drive logic and the subjective motives, within the framework of a clinic of the subject of the unconscious. We will thus show how the sexual contract presents itself as a perverse substitute for nonsexual relations as defined by Lacan. Therefore, under the guise of guaranteeing harmony and complementarity, against any abuse, it ultimately promotes a sexual jouissance which separates and isolates, ignoring the dimensions of love and desire. lt will finally appear that it inaugurates a new form of contractualization, under the modality of a re-feudalization of the social link, where everyone also consents to serving the jouissance of the other
Giuily, Constance. "De l'acte criminel au travail de subjectivation adolescent, la violence sexuelle à la recherche d'une interprétation : étude clinique et projective des enjeux du processus adolescent chez les auteurs de violence sexuelle adultes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB228.
Full textThe aim of this study is to examine the psychic processes underlying the act of sexual violence within a population of adult offenders in light of the adolescent process of subjectivation, the work of historicization and the bisexual dispositions of identifications. Clinical data was collected from non-directive interviews and projective assessments of 8 male sexual offenders who had committed their first sexual offense later at adulthood, an uncommon criterion in this population. The sample was selected from a specialized institution for penal imposed treatments after incarceration. Along with the Rorschach, the TAT was administered with the exceptional inclusion of the 17BM and feminine cards in order to gain a better understanding of identification dynamics. The findings highlighted metapsychological basis for the interpretation of the function of sexual violence in the patient's life course, thus yielding important therapeutic implications. Essentially, this research emphasizes the importance of considering the adolescent process in adult psychotherapy. It also underlines the potentially therapeutic benefits yielded by this specific research method amongst the population of sexual offenders undergoing court-ordered treatments
Masset, Thibault. "Critique et clinique des stratégies de paix au XXIème siècle : une critique deleuzo-guattarienne du pouvoir au XXIème siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080008.
Full textMy thesis proposes a method of identification of the power, a creation of abstract tools to this end, an critical evaluation of the diversity of the forms of expression of the power and a proposition of measures in order to solved power problems within the framework of a materialistic deleuzo-guattarian political philosophy. Our subject is divided at four moments: the first one is a critical moment of identification of the configuration of the scientifico-political power and the definition of the task of the political philosophy towards him since an at first abstract analysis then the put in perspective of this one by a concrete analysis of the contemporary historic and political processes. The second moment consists in establishing a theory of including political philosophy with regard to all the existing critical approaches. In the third moment, it is a question at first of proposing a contents in the political theory by the presentation of concrete operators of analysis and then to legitimize the position of the political deleuzo-guattarian philosophy in the contemporary field. Finally, according to the materialistic perspective applied to the field of the political philosophy, we formulate concrete proposals for the establishment of a lasting peace by investing the contemporary political legal and strategic field. The objective is to offer a key for understanding contemporary politics by the critical approach guaranteeing a knowledge of the desirous processes presiding over the most viable and livable possible forms of order of the social organizations. We propose strategies to reach these goals
De, Praga Palma Renato. "Lⱥ psychopathologie freudienne n'existe pas : Interactions de la clinique et de la théorie dans la constitution des modèles psychopathologiques dans l'œuvre de Sigmund Freud." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2008.
Full textThis research aims to find out what psychopathology is theorized by Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis, how it is defined and what new developments it inaugurates. We hypothesize that Freudian psychoanalytic psychopathology is not as simple to define as if it were unique or immutable. On the contrary, we believe we will find within psychoanalysis movements and developments which make it possible to highlight different ways of describing psychological suffering. In other words, we assume that, although Freudian psychoanalysis has a unique thread that guides its theory, it does not provide a single psychopathological description, but that different readings of the disease emerged from the clinic and from each theoretical invention. To investigate our hypothesis, we divided the present work into four chapters, the first being historical, the second theoretical, the third nosological and the fourth clinical. Firstly, we will give a brief history of how the “pathos” was portrayed throughout history, and we will illustrate it through a comparison between the periods of Ancient Greece, the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. This chapter will aim to present not only the changes in the ways of portraying the disease in the transition from one era to another, but also to demonstrate the different psychopathological readings within the same historical period. In the second chapter, we will enter the Freudian psychoanalytic field itself. We will take different Freudian concepts as a basis and investigate whether these different conceptual inventions presented throughout the author's work were promoting, as we suppose, reinterpretations in his psychopathological field. In the third chapter, we will find out how Freud describes the clinical condition of melancholia. We chose melancholy because it is an issue that runs through all of Freud's work. And as its theory is marked by movements and evolutions based on the creation of new concepts, we seek to know whether this dynamic nature of the theory produces consequences in the way of conceptualizing this clinical presentation. To conclude, we will investigate seven Freudian clinical cases in an attempt to find out how they are constructed and which theoretical resources the author uses to construct his psychopathological hypotheses. From the clinic, we seek to demonstrate whether our research hypothesis is true or not. This research is based exclusively on the psychoanalytic framework and is primarily a theoretical-clinical research. Therefore, the analysis methodology is subordinated to the assumptions of this theory, which determines, in the development of this research, the exclusive use of methodological resources characteristic of theoretical-bibliographic research, such as readings, information collection, bibliographic survey, text comparison, without any empirical part or even quantification. Because the question asked concerns Freudian concepts, the sources to be used will be primarily primary, justified based on theoretical relevance and consistency and reliability to the concepts involved. Freud marked the direction of a research perspective based on psychoanalytic clinical experience. He left as a legacy a work that points to the articulation of this experience in the form of theory. And it is from this perspective that we allow ourselves to be guided in the proposal and development of this research project, articulating clinical and theory in the investigation of Freudian psychoanalytic psychopathology
Haddad, Nabil el. "Systèmes d'Information dans l'Organisation : approche interprétative : études de cas dans les cliniques." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21011.
Full textIn this research, an organisationnal approach to information systems is elaborated and tested from field study in five french clinics. I. S. Designates a system of regulated processes whereby actors of organisations produce and structure meaningful action. I. S. Study is the diagnosis of actor's vigilance and of their ability to adapt an action system to a changing environment. In i. S. And action system analysis, this approach implies that one should not dissociate syntax, semantics and pragmatics, nor make a split between formal and informal, or individual and collective dimensions. Neither can the analysis set up a division between structure and process, nor separate signification from domination and legitimation in the action processes and structure. Theoretical section begins with a critical review of the functioalist paradigm predominant in i. S. Analysis. Some concepts from social sciences are studied with a view to setting up an interpretative conception of i. S. , such as semantic memory, social representation, code, interpretative procedures, schematisation and plan. Theoretical synthesis integrates these concepts and develops a theory of action, of social structure and o social plan, an analysis of signification processes and structure, and finally a definition of i. S. Field study, similar to that used in ethnology, is analysed in reference to "contretransfert" phenomena, as sources of knowledge and learning. Study of clinics describes three plans in the social structure: medical, economic and relational. For each one, signs, codes and the procedures used are described as well as the user actors and the generated practices. In the i. S. Of actors, the hiatus ("coupure") is greater than the articulation, thus weakening the clinics ability to adapt to their environment. This creates "problems" for clinics
Sierra, Rubio Miguel Angel. "Les contributions de Freud et Lacan à la théorie des structures cliniques. Des fondements généalogiques aux débats en psychopathologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC261.
Full textThe concept of Clinical Structure concerns the classification of a mental disease as neurosis, psychosis or perversion, and its corresponding nosographic sub-type as well. Nowadays, the developments of this concept constitute the main psycho-pathological theory brought about by lacanian psychoanalysis. However, there is a disparity of judgment regarding its value: (1) some authors assert the natural continuity between that theory and the doctrine of Freud and Lacan; (2) some others propose a reorganization of psychoanalytic nosography which includes new pathologies; (3) some others finally advocate a complete disappearance of these theoretical references from clinical studies. This disparity takes on a lack of knowledge: the clinical structures’ foundations, and its stakes, have not yet been systematized. The main objective of this work was to restore them, in order to determine the legitimacy of this theory as an interpretation of Freud’s and Lacan’s thinking, and its appropriateness in contemporary psycho-pathological debates.For clarifying the symbolic filiations that support the concept, a genealogical method has been employed. The results demonstrate that Freud has used a notion of structure inherited from 19th century science to elaborate his psychoanalytical conceptions. The mineralogical reference, provided by his ancient Professor G. Tschermak, has notably permeated the freudien use of the structure in psychopathology. Although he did not constitute the categories of neurosis, psychosis and perversion as a triptych, there is in his textes a tendancy to consider them on their mutual connections, as disturbances of sexual life. This tendancy has been recovered by Lacan since 1953, and declined on his concept of structure (then understood as a co-variant set of signifiers) and on the registers of real, symbolic and imaginary. The advances of his intellectual production, like the invention of the Object petit a and the introduction of knots and braids in psychoanalysis, have brought until the end of his days a deepening of the freudien triptych.Systematization of the theory of clinical structures has properly started in 1981, when the members of the Freudien Field have welded this set of psycho-pathological items to the term, namesake and pre-existing, of clinical structure. The major stake of this welding has been to support the dialectical relationship between the psychoanalytic theory and the practice.Nowadays, the in-depth study of clinical structures is focused on the ordinary psychosis and the specificity of autism. The Lacanian psychopathology thus constituted is questioned from many angles: the proposition of a psychosomatic structure, the promotion of borderline pathology, the Postmodern liquidation of the perverse structure, the constraint of operationalized nosographies (ICD, DSM and PDM).In conclusion, this research confirms the theory of clinical structures as a legitimate interpretation of Freud’s and Lacan’s thinking. It is even more relevant in contemporary context that it has an important utility in order to the establishment of structural diagnose, to the direction of the cure and to the transmission of cases. As a cartography of subjective discomfort, the clinical structure points to the ethical reference of the psycho-pathological, and constitutes a resistance and a subversion facing the contemporary failure in the apprehension of clinical real
Sierra, Rubio Miguel Angel. "Les contributions de Freud et Lacan à la théorie des structures cliniques. Des fondements généalogiques aux débats en psychopathologie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC261.
Full textThe concept of Clinical Structure concerns the classification of a mental disease as neurosis, psychosis or perversion, and its corresponding nosographic sub-type as well. Nowadays, the developments of this concept constitute the main psycho-pathological theory brought about by lacanian psychoanalysis. However, there is a disparity of judgment regarding its value: (1) some authors assert the natural continuity between that theory and the doctrine of Freud and Lacan; (2) some others propose a reorganization of psychoanalytic nosography which includes new pathologies; (3) some others finally advocate a complete disappearance of these theoretical references from clinical studies. This disparity takes on a lack of knowledge: the clinical structures’ foundations, and its stakes, have not yet been systematized. The main objective of this work was to restore them, in order to determine the legitimacy of this theory as an interpretation of Freud’s and Lacan’s thinking, and its appropriateness in contemporary psycho-pathological debates.For clarifying the symbolic filiations that support the concept, a genealogical method has been employed. The results demonstrate that Freud has used a notion of structure inherited from 19th century science to elaborate his psychoanalytical conceptions. The mineralogical reference, provided by his ancient Professor G. Tschermak, has notably permeated the freudien use of the structure in psychopathology. Although he did not constitute the categories of neurosis, psychosis and perversion as a triptych, there is in his textes a tendancy to consider them on their mutual connections, as disturbances of sexual life. This tendancy has been recovered by Lacan since 1953, and declined on his concept of structure (then understood as a co-variant set of signifiers) and on the registers of real, symbolic and imaginary. The advances of his intellectual production, like the invention of the Object petit a and the introduction of knots and braids in psychoanalysis, have brought until the end of his days a deepening of the freudien triptych.Systematization of the theory of clinical structures has properly started in 1981, when the members of the Freudien Field have welded this set of psycho-pathological items to the term, namesake and pre-existing, of clinical structure. The major stake of this welding has been to support the dialectical relationship between the psychoanalytic theory and the practice.Nowadays, the in-depth study of clinical structures is focused on the ordinary psychosis and the specificity of autism. The Lacanian psychopathology thus constituted is questioned from many angles: the proposition of a psychosomatic structure, the promotion of borderline pathology, the Postmodern liquidation of the perverse structure, the constraint of operationalized nosographies (ICD, DSM and PDM).In conclusion, this research confirms the theory of clinical structures as a legitimate interpretation of Freud’s and Lacan’s thinking. It is even more relevant in contemporary context that it has an important utility in order to the establishment of structural diagnose, to the direction of the cure and to the transmission of cases. As a cartography of subjective discomfort, the clinical structure points to the ethical reference of the psycho-pathological, and constitutes a resistance and a subversion facing the contemporary failure in the apprehension of clinical real
Richard, Damien. "Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate : analyse par CPG/SM dans différentes matrices biologiques et interprétation pharmaco-toxicologiques d'études pré-cliniques et cliniques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF1MM01.
Full textThis work presents development and validation of an original chromatography method of the GHB and its precursors (GABA, 1. 4 BD and GBL) in various biological matrices, by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. A study of stability of the blood samples shows variations of in vivo and in vitro concentrations of endogenous GHB. Then, a clinical protocol seeks the incorporation of the GHB in hair matrix after therapeutic administration of γOH®, to estimate the capacity of this biological matrix to detect an exogenous administration of GHB in particular during a chemical submission (such as drug sexual assault). Finally, an experimental protocol, made at the same time on human and animal samples, allows quantifying the GHB and its precursors and presents the various kinetics of post-mortem increase, to establish a correlation between concentrations and the post-mortem interval (PMI). This work shows at first that only conservation of biological samples in -20°C allows guaranteeing the validity of the biological results. In spite of an administration of important doses of γOH®, no variation of concentrations of GHB was able to be observed on the different segmental analyses of hair. Finally, a synthesis post-mortem of the GHB allows correlating the concentrations to the PMI but she cannot be still considered as a reliable biochemical marker in forensic science
Koretzky, Carolina. "Le terme « réveil » en psychanalyse : Conséquences cliniques et épistémologiques." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083437.
Full textOur research proposes a theoretical and clinical clarification of the psychoanalytical term of “awakening”. Freud’s early study of dreams in Traumdeutung led him to encounter the phenomenon of waking up from dreams of anxiety. The First World War brought Freud face to face with the traumatic dreams of veterans, throwing into question his general theory treating the dream as a fulfillment of desire. Conceptualising the death drive allows a new interpretation in psychoanalysis of the epistemological importance of dreams and awakening. To be explicit, we use the notion of the “epistemological break” as it was developed by Kant, based on Hume, and then taken up in the philosophy of science by Bachelard, Koyré and Canguilhem. This thesis then continues with a critical reading of the various contents, forms, and aporia found in Lacan’s teaching concerning the term “awakening”, where he used the terminology from the dream world to explain the underlying elements of the psychoanalytical experience. These various uses of the term are supported by two key hypotheses: “one wakes up to continue dreaming in reality” and the second one that Lacan developed later: “one never wakes up”. In the first case, one is awakened by the formations of the unconscious, trauma and eruption of anxiety, and then falls back asleep into the fantasy that is one’s own particular mode of jouissance. In the second case, in contrast, there is absolutely no possibility of waking up because one never is awakened from this drive, nor from one’s unconscious. The unconscious is a dream of truth, which grants meaning to what appears as a simple error. This is not without consequential importance because orienting a cure in this direction brings forth an encounter that is fortuitous and beyond common sense -- thereby replacing one’s predetermined destiny
Montalvo, Zulueta Nigreisy. "Development of federated learning models for improved genetic variant assessment in a multi-site clinical setting." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP5289.
Full textFederated learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) technique that enables multiple data holders to collaboratively train a model, without raw data sharing. This approach is particularly relevant in the field of genomics, where data is often distributed across institutions, and regulatory constraints, such as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), restrict data centralization. In addition to improving privacy and data security, FL allows the training of more robust ML models, by leveraging access to a larger and more diverse dataset. FL was first proposed by Google researchers in 2017 as an approach for training ML models on a federation of mobile devices coordinated by a central server. In this setup, the mobile devices contained data that was either sensitive or large in size with respect to the ML model. In their implementation, the server defined a global ML model and communicated the parameters to a subset of clients. The clients then optimized the received model by performing Stochastic Gradient Descent on local data, and sent back the local updates to the server. The server derived a new global model by aggregating the local updates through weighted averaging. This process was repeated for a predefined number of rounds or until the model converged. FL has also been adapted to cross-silo settings, where clients (typically 2-50) are organizations, such as hospitals and research institutions. The objective of this thesis is to study the effectiveness of cross-silo FL for the clinical assessment of human genetic variants. To that extent, we leveraged the public-available database ClinVar for simulating realistic multi-institutional collaborations in the assessment of coding Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), non-coding SNVs, and copy number variants (CNVs). Concretely, we evaluated the performance of a diverse set of supervised ML models, trained in a FL manner across multiple institutions, in classifying genetic variants into pathogenic or non-pathogenic, and compared it to the centralized and individual- institution (local) model counterparts. Our results showed that FL generally achieved competitive or superior performance than the centralized model, and systematically outperformed the local models, highlighting the advantages of collaboration. In the experiments we benchmarked several FL aggregation strategies, including FedProx, FedAdagrad, FedAdam, and FedYogi, which refer to the methods used by the server to combine local updates into a new global model. Our results showed that FedProx generally provided the best performance. Furthermore, we analyzed the performance degradation of both FL and its centralized model counterpart when one institution decided not to participate in the collaborative training. We found that FL was more resilient than centralized approaches in most cases, demonstrating that FL can generalize adequately to unseen datasets with smaller training sets. To the best of our knowledge, this thesis presents the first simulated FL study for the pathogenicity classification of genetic variants. With our findings, we expect to incentive the adoption of FL for establishing secure multi-institutional collaborations in human variant interpretation
Squverer, Amos. "La résistance à la psychanalyse : enjeux épistémologiques et cliniques." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070055.
Full textFrom a very early stage, the resistance to psychoanalysis has been a necessary indication of its pertinence. How can psychoanalysis deal with this résistance in the epistemological field? This study will return to Freud to try and assess his attitude towards this résistance - the place of the impossible - in order to establish the role that dissident theories play in his own texts, and outline their intertextual dynamic. In order to understand the very essence of the résistance, one would need to reflect on the articulation - pointed out by Freud - between the resistance to psychoanalysis and Judaism. What is conveyed by these two discourses that makes them the target of resentment? This thesis seeks to show how different theories, that have dissented from Freudianism, try in different ways to re-incorporate elements of pre-monotheistic and idolatrous theology in order to avoid castration. The "individual" resistance during treatment and the "collective" one in the epistemological field will be treated as the components of a clinical field of idolatry that would summon a particular modality for its disarmament
Riedlin, Frédérique. "Penser l'incroyance pour penser notre temps : logiques du croire et du savoir dans une société qui a proclamé successivement "la mort de Dieu", "la fin des idéologies", et la "chute de la fonction paternelle", à partir de la subversion psychanalytique : ouvrir un champ, élaborer une clinique." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC299.
Full textWhat about disbelief in a society, in a culture that proclaimed 'the death of God' in its philosophy, 'the end of ideologies' in its political theory, 'the fall of father function' in its psychological and anthropological theories ? Was it simply the effect of a post-traumatic defense against the traumatisms of the last century and the precarity of the future? Or is it a real structural modification of our symbolic system? Our statement is that the psychoanalytic approach, precisely Freud and Lacan's approaches of belief and disbelief, both obvious and latent in their theories, led to the possibility of subverting a reductive and common sense of atheism, and thinking the founding principles of a contemporary disbelief, beyond its only religious or psychological dimension, between challenge, default and defeat, as a symptom of our times but also as the invention of a new approach of the real, based on the opening of a new research field, that we'll call after Lacan's expression « beyond the divine logic » Our approach from there, is to identify and lay the groundwork of this field, first by excavating the psychics fundamentals of belief and disbelief, then by working on the articulations and the demarcations between scientific and psychoanalytic disbelief through lacanian references to Descartes, Cantor, and Joyce, to finally develop the first psychological, clinical, philosophical, and social implications and applications of this field
Le, Rohellec Elsa. "La perversion en question : enjeux théoriques et perspectives cliniques." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20017.
Full textThe studies about perversions start in the end of the XIX th century. The perversions are the subject of many works then, the more famous of which is certainly Psychopathia Sexualis of R. Von Krafft-Ebing. A lot of differents acts are called perversions but, therefore, this approach by description only makes it possible neither give a serious and clear definition nor understand the underlying logic. Freud, from 1905, will bring a new vieuw. Relying on the previous clinicals psychiatrics works, he puts the phenomenon aside to get in the comprehension of the mechanisms peculiars to the perversions. Moreover, the perversion is for him a part of the normal sexuality, in particular with the fetishism and the infantile sexuality. He wrote in 1927 that the fetish is the symbol of the lacking mother's phallus and that the disavowal of castration is the central point of this perversion. However, the castration is not the pivot point of the perversion for many post-freudians. The result of this is motley conceptions, wich prevent from grasping the perversion as a clinical entity on its own. . Only the structural prospect of Lacan is capable of giving a foundation to the perversion as a subjective structure. In focusing on the castration as a crux point, Lacan formalizes a perverse fantasy writing, specifying thus that perversion is a subjective position in the same way that nevrosis or psychosis. In the context of a thesis of perverse structure, we will question exceptions that seem to be women and children in the perversion field. Notions of symptom and transference swill also be examined. The theoreticals propositions will be support each time by clinicals exemples
Sinno, Solara. "Contribution du test de Dumas par vibrations crâniennes au dépistage des troubles de l'équilibre et de l'oreille interne chez l'enfant. Interprétation physiopathologique et applications cliniques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0289.
Full textIntroduction: Sensorineural hearing loss in children is often accompanied by vestibular dysfunction. The evaluation of the vestibular system in the pediatric population requires adapting techniques used in adults. Skull-Vibration-Induced-Nystagmus Test (SVINT), also known as Dumas’ Test, a non-invasive first-line examination test, stimulates both otolith and canal structures and shows instantaneously a vestibular asymmetry in adults. This study aimed to evaluate the use of this test in healthy children and further explore its clinical value in children with hearing loss (HL) amplified with hearing aids (HA) or cochlear implant (CI). Material and Methods: A case-control study compared the results of SVINT, oculomotor testing (saccade and smooth pursuit), caloric test (CaT) and video head-impulse-test (VHIT) and posturography (SOT) in 120 controls to 30 children with HA and 30 with CI, aged 5-17 years old. SVINT was recorded with videonystagmography after very high frequency (VHF 100 Hz) stimulation of mastoids and vertex. Result: SVINT was easy to perform in children and its’ result was not affected by age. However, saccade latency decreased, and smooth pursuit gain increases as age increased. Similarly, SOT data showed a significant age-associated improvement in performance and a gender difference. SVINT was easily performed by the tester and with a sensitivity of 86 % and a specificity of 96 % in detecting unilateral vestibular lesion (UVL). In the case of a bilateral deficit, the SVINT is non-discriminatory. In amplified participants, a UVL was equally detected whether using SVINT, CaT or VHIT. The comparisons between tests permitted to assume that SVINT stimulates the phasic cells (type I), which equip the apices of the ampullary crests and the vicinity of the striola of the utricular and saccular maculae. Conclusion: SVINT is a well-tolerated and useful test to screen vestibular asymmetry in children with HL when combined with other vestibular tests and shows its complementary at very high frequencies. It confirms its role as a “vestibular Weber” test
Diaz, Sylvain. "Poétiques de la crise dans les dramaturgies européennes des XXe et XXIe siècles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20070.
Full textThe dramaturgic notion of crisis recurrently appears in aesthetic treatises, which attests its importance in the frame of theatre theory. Nevertheless, a definition of this notion is still missing : crisis is not even mentionned in Aristotle's Poetics, in the Discourses on tragedy by Corneille, or in Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics. Theatrical crisis therefore needs to be thoroughly examined and defined. From the 19th century, French neoclassical tragedy has been read as a theatre of crisis : attention was then drawn to the way the disorders depicted on stage – on intimate as well as political level – put into question a classical conception of a world based on order and harmony. From this startpoint, theoricians resolutely use the notion of crisis to think this undermining questioning of the world. However, this definition of crisis is not relevant to the 18th century drame bourgeois, in which crisis is only used as a dramatic plot device : in line with the tableau in his Aesthetics, Diderot calls for a theatre of critical situations, which do not however threaten a bourgeois conception of the world. The gap between these two definitions of theatrical crisis has left a space for invention in the 20th and 21th centuries : dramatists have used crisis in various ways to explain the world, or simply explore it, to decifer it, or simply reflect upon it. Bertold Brecht, Peter Weiss and Edward Bond have shaped crisis as a process of involvement of the audience : they aim to shake spectators to make them consider real life with new eyes, and to ask themselves how they can transform it. On the opposite, Ödön von Horvath, Michel Vinaver and Martin Crimp have used crisis as a contextual device : they invent a situation which allows them to explore in a totally new way how man behaves towards himself, towards the others, and towards the world, that is, to explore the modern « Human Condition » according to the words of Hannah Arendt. The study of these two different poetics of crisis is therefore decisive, inasmuch as they have given birth to two different dramatic traditions which structure the whole history of Western theatre : on the one hand, the critical theatre, on the other, the clinical theatre
Martin, Emmanuel. "Cliniques de l'Un, transmission et invention face à l’exil de la langue." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20014/document.
Full textLacan and Levinas' ethics answers the ex-sistence’s saying, both diachronic and me-ontological care demand where the Other takes precedence over the Being. Levinas asks the secret, the break of historic duration, whose root is the difference: at the same time temporizing, batch mode, postponement, and Otherness (polemical and allergic disparity, Derrida’s differance), temporality of traces (ichnology). Lacan deals simultaneously with significant discontinuity (S1//S2) and subjective cut. Synchronic truth is only appearance, only half-saying (Lacan) and monosyllabic truth (Levinas) can be established. To this exile of language, the temporality of echo (levinassian One, lacanian Father’s Name), or henology, is a first approach to treat this heterogeneous articulation, both in the field of the subjective construction (clinic of the ichnological One), and in the field of interpretation (first round of L’étourdit). However, the levinassian work, as the practice with the speaker who suffers from, shows an embarrassing remainder of this operation based on the issue of transmission. From One’s exception which ex-sist to the Other and assures him a foundation by the scraping out oftotality, Lacan develops sinthome’s One which exceeds any dimension of filiation, invention. This Otherless One is based on the paradigm of invention, gets out of the significant’s paradigm and the temporality of echo, leads to another subjective modality of knotting and interpretation
Poezevara, Kevin. "Etude sur l'héroïsme : Incidences culturelles et cliniques de la lutte contre l'inertie." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC290.
Full textBeginning with the comment of a text written by Umberto Eco in the 60's, title « The myth of Superman », this thesis confront the idea of the existence of a difference between the heroism in myths and in novels, an idea that often leads to an evolutionary thesis that makes the novel the result of myth dégradation. From the cultural perspective this allows to reply that no, myth aren't dead ant from the clinical perspective to counteract the speach that makes the "hyperactive" child the sign of the discontents OF civilization instead of considering his symptom as those of all the neurotics subjects : meaning the expression of his discontent IN civilization
Amar, Stéphane. "Psychanalyse et soins palliatif : le statut de l'angoisse de mort à l'épreuve des cliniques de la péri-mortalité." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070088.
Full textBeing a recent field of the modem medicine, palliative care is still often hardly known as much by the general public as by the professionals of health. Under a psychoanalytical approach, this work will draw outlines on the conceptual, historic and ideological points of view. The place and the role of the psychologist, as he/she is one of major actors there, will be questioned in their ethical and institutional dimensions but also from the standpoint of the arrangements required to be operated on the frame of its practice referred to psychoanalysis. The question of the metapsychological status of the notion of fear of death, from the work and from Sigmund Freud's life at first, but also from a number of post-freudian perspectives will then be considered. This work will be the occasion to question the determinedly secondary character of the status of "analogon of the fear of castration " which Freud gave to the fear of death, quite as the assertion according to there is no représentation of one's own death in the unconscious. An understanding of numerous problems frequently met in palliative practice will finally be proposed (announcement of palliative care, anxiety, depression, delirium, challenges concerning food, sleep and pain at the end of life, requests of euthanasia, but also mourning). This clinical approach of peri-mortality will so be crossed by the probing of the fear of death, that is sometimes envisaged as an expression of the drive of life (anxiety-signal), and sometimes as an overflowing of the capacities of the Ego according to the model of automatic fear
Pinto, Tereza Cristina Costa da Silva. "Actualité de la notion de structure et de la fonction du père dans la théorie lacanienne de la psychose : implications théoriques et cliniques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070060.
Full textLacan starts his work by the clinical lecture of psychosis and his structural approach allows him to develop a theoretical way out to the Freudian dead-end using the notion of the Name-of-the-Father which foreclosure would determine the psychotic structure. Through this major concept, we notice quite late in his writings the notion of sinthome allowing the conception of an "untriggered" psychotic state. The legacy left is the notion o suppleance as an alternative to the foreclosure of the Name-of-the-Father. In order to construct it theoretically, Lacan introduced the Borromean chain in psychoanalysis since this mathematical representation shows the kind of a possible knot, and its failures, among real, symbolic and imaginary orders. Finally, this representation shows that those three orders always stand together by the action of a fourth element: the Name of-the-Father, or the signifier that replace it as a suppleance. Some use to defend that this theoretical transition represents a renunciation of the structuralist episteme. However, Lacan never abandons the concept of foreclosure and what it involves as a structure, that is specifically the clinical structure, is still current in psychoanalysis
Penafiel, Soledad. "De Lⱥ à S( Ⱥ) : féminin et signifiant forclos : de l'absence à l'(in)existence : approches épistémologiques, pratiques et cliniques." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20059.
Full textOur research addresses the enigma of the Other sex. If, for Freud, the question of the feminine was treated as a lack, in Lacan’s work it was treated as an absence. Femininity, feminine sexuality, and the feminine are all writings of the woman. From phallic lack to the absence of the signifier, our journey logically leads us to new paths, towards S(Ⱥ), which will not be without consequences on the contemporary clinic – the climbing to the zenith of the object, the increasing inclusion of the Imaginary in the Symbolic and the reign of the jouissance. We interpret the absence of the signifier - in the woman - as a “foreclosed signifier", lodged in the Other, and we argue that this interpretation has clinical, ethical and political implications for the Lacanian clinic. The “generalized jamming” of our time demands, in fact, a (re)scheduling and epistemological, clinical and political conditions for analysts who have to deal with the "subjectivity of our time". Our research problematizes the difference between this feminine and the inconsistencies of our time - where the subject is absorbed by the pre-eminence of the image and the virtual. The feminine refers to a question of the parlêtre and treats singularity in its most radical form. Every speaking being is confronted with this absence of signifiers, but the answer that a subject can give to this question proves to be very singular. If the feminine is described as that which escapes the field of representation, the feminine implies the manner in which the speaking being invents an answer to that which escapes him or her
Morillot, Caroline. "États cliniques, états mystiques : vers une grammaire de la réceptivité dans Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man et Stephen Hero de James Joyce." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870012.
Full textMouelhi, Yosra. "Analyse de la qualité de vie dans une cohorte de patients transplantés rénaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0462/document.
Full textKidney transplant is the best treatment for chronic end-stage renal failure. The quality of life of the patient plays a vital role in the success of the transplantation. In this context, our objective was to analyze the quality of life in a cohort of kidney transplanted patients in France. As a first step, we analyzed the quality of life of patients at the time of their inclusion in the study in order to determine the factors associated with the quality of life. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics known in literature were found and new psycho-social variables were identified. This work then led us to analyze the profile of patients using the Internet and social networks: nearly 80% of the patients use Internet and the majority need an informative support. We were able to show, in a second time, a weak concordance of the evolution of the state of health of the patient from the patient and the doctor point of view. Finally, to interpret the quality of life scores in this cohort, we calculated the minimal clinically significant difference, by the ROC curve method and using the change in health status from the patient's point of view as a criteria for change. This analysis showed that the quality of life of these patients is not related to the patient's state of health, and no clinical changes could be detected for the quality of life scores of the two questionnaires. This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of the quality of life of French kidney transplanted patients