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Nermark, Ebba. "Interpreting the Palermo Protocol : Common State Practice?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76619.
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Polat, Necati. "Interpreting the law : a reassessment of the dichotomy between the law and its readings." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14365/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to pursue a grammatical, common sense, reading of some of the contemporary accounts of the workings of law. In so doing it relies extensively on the critical work by Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Derrida, and Stanley Fish, writers assumed to present a somewhat unified perspective on such matters as understanding, language, meaning and reading. The shorter of the two parts, 'Judgement, Criteria, Justice,' sets the stage. Looking at Jean-Franςois Lyotard's discourse, in Just Gaming, of a semantic and moral apocalypse, and his subsequent search for a concept of the just, the first part introduces the principal themes of the essay. These themes at once form some of the major concerns of the contemporary legal theory; the text of the law, the authorial intention, the politics of interpretation, the interpreter, and the limits of interpretation. Chapter 1.1 probes the concept of authorship as formulated by Lyotard. According to him, the modern situation produces a concept of the author that is detached. The modem situation lacks the transparency that characterizes the classical situation, where the author and the reader could relate to one another, and where, therefore, interpretation was a possibility. The Lyotardian concept radically distinguishes between the realms of the author and of the audience, a distinction that suppresses the ineluctably fraternal, attached quality of authorship. Chapter 1.2 is a critique of the concept of judgement Lyotard advances. It explores the two distinct orders within which, according to Lyotard, judgement is practicable: those of faith ('the Jewish pole') and paganism. While both orders exclude the concept of an autonomous subject - a false order which defines the rhetoric of the mainstream Western thought - the homogenous formalism of one, faith, contrasts with the heterogenous localism of the other, the pagan attitude. Questioning the dichotomy, the discussion goes on to argue for a concept of the primordiality of the attached, situated, quality of both the issuing of the judgement and of its possible interpretations, irrespective of the distinct orders of rhetoric – autonomous, heterogenous, religious - in which they are presented. Chapter 1.3 explores the Lyotardian reworking of Kant's categorical imperative and seeks to point out the problematic nature of the enterprise. The discussion questions the idea that a thematic, non-moral, non-political, concept of the just may necessarily function better than one which is of common opinion, and indicates the illusory character of the Lyotardian venture radically to contrast what would be a thematic concept of the just with that which is mere common opinion. Chapter 1.4 continues on the subject of the politics of interpretation - can what would be the unruly, fantastic dictates of morals be avoided on the basis of a universalistic, politics-free, criterion? - to test the opposition Lyotard draws between the Sophistic and the Kantian positions. While from the Sophistic viewpoint a genuine opposition of competing moralities is not a possibility, the Kantian morality makes conceivable the concept of a rational, as opposed to mere opinion-based and rhetorical, choice. The longer part, The Law and Its Readings,' is a reading of some of the motifs of Franςois Gény's Method of Interpretation and Sources of Private Positive Law. Each of the four chapters that make the second part aims to dissolve one of the four binary oppositions that characterize the contemporary scene - polarities that are strictly mere variations on the theme of the dichotomy between the law and its readings, the law and that which is made of it: the text and the extratext, intention and extension, the tame and the freakish, the real and the formal. In the four chapters that form the second part, the logic behind the oppositions is explored, and a grammatical reassessment, which indicates the terms of each one of the polarities ultimately metamorphic and elusive, though, naturally, of possible grammatical use, is suggested. Chapter 2.1 examines some of the contemporary arguments relating to the text of the law. Extratextualist positions such as, famously, Gény's counter the mainstream textualist positions by arguing against the mechanistic conception of the law that is written, all inclusive, and once and for all. Curiously, however, the notion of the law therefore invoked presupposes a notion of the text which might best suit the formalism of the mainstream positions - namely that the text, as opposed to what might tentatively be called history, is the locus of meaning. What follows this markedly positivistic notion of the text, a notion invoked in particular in the extratextualist positions on the interpretation of the American Constitution, is a fear of judgement that would be made on the basis of what is often (as in the segregation cases) an obsolete concept embodied in the text. This fear, in fact, is not different from the formalistic, mainstream-textualistic, fear of what would become of the law in the absence of formally circumscribed, textual, constraints. In exploring the theme, the discussion focuses on certain individual cases, such as the segregation cases of the U.S. Supreme Court, arguments over which have been an integral part of the theory. Chapter 2.2 is devoted to the considerations of the legislative will. Counterintentionalist positions regarding the interpretation of the law, it argues, may in fact suggest an inherent intentionalism, as epistemologically understood, which may in turn point in the direction of a reversal not dissimilar to that of the binary opposition of textualism and extratextualism. The traditional arguments against the mainstream intentionalism seem to gather on two points: first, that intention is a state of mind and therefore impossible to uncover for those who do not have a natural access inside others' heads; and secondly, that even if it were possible to uncover it, what one has with the legislative will is but a fiction, for it refers to, not one, but many minds who could not possibly intent one and the same thing. The discussion seeks to disclose the way counter-intentionalist arguments subscribe to traditional intentionalism by assuming intention as an occult presence, to use two concepts, one Wittgesteinean and one Derridean, together. And it argues how intention as a concept is a possibility precisely because it is in each case a collegiate, fraternal extension. Chapter 2.3 explores the problems of judicial discretion, politics, and the politics of interpretation. It discusses some of the traditional criticisms of judicial review, in particular the countermajoritarian objection, and points out the metamorphic character of some of the positions in the debate. In that countermajoritarianism refuted from a majoritarian viewpoint stands right behind the very idea of constitutionalism, a distinct refuge at once of the majoritarian positions. And the positions that resist the idea of a timid, majoritarian, judiciary appear to be equally paradoxical, for these positions are simply for being ill at ease with the constitutional principle that is countermajoritarianism par excellence. The discussion then focuses on the Dworkin-Fish debate on the politics of interpretation and at once attempts to pin down some of the veins in Dworkin's thinking on the subject of judicial licence. An overall evaluation of the conceptual scheme, potentialities, and assumptions of legal realism is attempted in chapter 2.4. Realism appears to emphasize the part of the interpreter, as opposed to the text, in the event of adjudication, and question the traditional assumptions of formalism whose mechanistic concept of jurisprudence equates the law with its text. While some of the most crucial of the realist objections to the formalistic concept of adjudication have been genuine and insightful.
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Rydermark, Oskar. "Interpreting the Term ‘Investment’ in International Investment Law by Subsequent Agreements." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-405866.
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Poon, Wai-yee Emily. "The effectiveness of plain language in the translation of statutes and judgments /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36762593.
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Russo, Valentina. "The dilemma of translating and interpreting in the criminal justice system: civil law vs. common law." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13778/.
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The scope of this thesis is to offer solutions to some of the translation and interpreting issues arising in the legal field. In particular, the focus of the analysis will be the differences between a common law country, England, and a civil law country, Italy. Through some excerpts taken both by an Italian movie and a UK TV series, the issues are analysed and in the end, two glossaries(Italian-English and English-Italian) built on this analysis are offered.
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Balter, Susan Jeanette. "Interpreting the collective : how the Supreme Court justifies the rule of law /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8227.
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Al-Qasimi, Mohammed Hassan. "Establishing and interpreting international human rights standards : a universal idea in a plural society." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1060/.
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Wei, Tsz-shan. "Law and language : problems of meaning and interpretation in the Hong Kong courts /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22189336.
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Crawley, Karen. "Limited ink : interpreting and misinterpreting GÜdel's incompleteness theorem in legal theory." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101814.
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This thesis explores the significance of Godel's Theorem for an understanding of law as rules, and of legal adjudication as rule-following. It argues that Godel's Theorem, read through Wittgenstein's understanding of rules and language as a contextual activity, and through Derrida's account of 'undecidability,' offers an alternative account of the relationship of judging to justice. Instead of providing support for the 'indeterminacy' claim, Godel's Theorem illuminates the predicament of undecidability that structures any interpretation and every legal decision, and which constitutes the opening to justice. The first argument in this thesis examines Godel's proof, Wittgenstein's views on rules, and Derrida's undecidability, as manifestations of a common concern with the limits of what can be formalized. The meta-argument examines their misinterpretation and misappropriation within legal theory as a case study of just what they mean about meaning, context, and justice as necessarily co-implicated.
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Hogan, Pauline Nigh. "No longer male and female : interpreting Galatians 3:28 in early Christianity /." London : T&T Clark, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9780567033352.
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Hwani, Gilbert. "Interpreting the 2015 amendments to the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 in light of the underlying purpose of South Africa's labour laws." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16539.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe aim this dissertation is to establish what the purpose of labour law is and thereafter determine whether or not the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA) is doing enough to make sure that such purpose is realised. It is important to note that this paper is only limited to the purpose of labour law and the application of the LRA as far as non-standard workers (particularly temporary employment services) are concerned. If the purpose of labour law is established it will be easier for the legislator to focus the developments of the LRA in line with the desired purpose. Furthermore, an understanding of the purpose of labour law, makes the job of the courts much easier when it comes to the interpretation of such provisions. In doing so the non-standard workers will be protected from some of the difficulties which they are currently facing in the workplace.
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Ntuli, Thomas Phaswana. "Quality interpreting service : the parliament of SA as a case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20002.
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Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012.The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpreting services in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA). The impetus to embark on such an investigation arose after Members of Parliament claimed that the interpreting service in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA) is poor. In seeking to determine why Members of Parliament made such claims, I therefore investigated the interpreting service rendered by staff of Parliament’s Interpreting Unit. Consequently, an investigation to whether the simultaneous interpreters currently employed by Parliament of South Africa possess the amalgam of skills attributes and qualifications necessary for them to render an interpreting service of good quality. Questionnaires were distributed to Members of Parliament and to interpreters, interviews were conducted with Control Language Practitioners (CLPs), observation of recruitment panels for interpreters also followed, and interpreters were recorded during the sitting of Parliament House in an attempt to check whether interpreters do deliver an interpreting service that is up to standard. The results of this study show that Members of Parliament have a valid claim as 65% of the sample of interpreters had joined Parliament without interpreting skills and had, to date, never been sent for interpreting training and most interpreters are demoralised by the working conditions of the Language Services Section at the Parliament of South Africa.
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Lu, Chi Seng. "Esquema teórico sustentável da tradução jurídica bilíngue baseado num estudo sobre a tradução da legislação da acção social da região administrativa especial de Macau =Sustainable theoretical framework of bilingual legal translation based on a study on the translation of social welfare legislation of Macao special administrative region." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953522.
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Morazzani, Barbara J. "Interpreting authority : do states interpret international law differently to create legal authority in decisions to intervene for humanitarian concerns?" Thesis, De Montfort University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/16268.
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This thesis examines how a state’s domestic legal framework interprets international law to create legal authority when deciding to use force or not for humanitarian reasons. It argues that neoclassical realism, with its emphasis on the domestic level of analysis, can explain the role of legal interpretation during the legal-political process which leads to different interpretations and applications of international law at the domestic level. The value of this undertaking is that by focusing on the importance of legal interpretation and its ability to justify or affect legal change, the research identifies points of interaction between different legal regimes and the interpretive role of law during foreign policy formation. Interaction is essential when there is a need to integrate different legal norms related to the contestation over the protection of human rights during regional conflict. To demonstrate this the research comparatively analyses the United States and France’s legal institutions, in contrast to international law, when deliberating foreign policy, using four civil conflicts as a case study of humanitarian intervention – the Liberian civil war (1989), Operation Restore Hope (1992 Somalia), Opération Turquoise (1994 Rwanda) and the conflict in Côte d’Ivoire (2002-present). The conflicts provide varying examples of interventions to human rights abuses that proliferated following the end of the Cold War to the emergence of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine (“R2P”). Each conflict relates directly to legal-political challenges involved in the formation of foreign policy with state legal strategies and international law during this period. This approach also considers a variation in the traditional meaning of power and rule structures inherent in realist theory, which has traditionally measured power in terms of military capabilities or economic strength. It considers that the allocation of power can also be witnessed in a state’s legal framework, which in turn challenges the constructivist theory of ‘anarchy is what states make of it’ (Wendt 1992).
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Yusuf, Milhan. "Hamka's method of interpreting the legal verses of the Qur'ān : a study of his Tafsir al-Azhar." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23252.
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Having been influenced by the Muslim reformist ideas championed by Muhammad 'Abduh and his colleagues, Hamka attempted to disseminate and ameliorate the reform ideas in his country, Indonesia, through the means available to him; that is by preaching and writing. He was among the most prolific contemporary authors, having written 113 books including his monumental Tafsir al-Azhar. In this commentary, Hamka has probably included the sum of his ideas particularly those pertaining to religious aspects. With regards to the religious aspects, he mostly discusses the problems of theology, sufism and law. Hamka's conception of the law portrays his challenge and struggle towards the abolishment of taqlid (uncritical acceptance of the decisions made by the predecessors) and the implementation of ijtihad (personal opinion). In addition, his legal comments and interpretations are quite different from many of the comments made by sectarian commentators, who saw in tafsir a forum for defending their schools of thought. However, Hamka steered away from any school of thought and tried to be as objective as possible in his work, an attempt reflected in his method of interpreting the problematic legal verses. Moreover, he did not limit himself to a single method of interpretation. On the contrary, he availed himself of both the tafsir bi al-ma'thur method (interpretation derived from the Prophet, the Companions and the Successors) and the tafsir bi al-ra'y method (interpretation based on reason).
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Swart, Charl. "Contending interpretations of the rule of law in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85623.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The following study examines whether there are contending interpretations of the rule of law present within the South African democracy. The study proposes that the rule of law forms part of the societal understanding of democracy and everyday life. Rule of law is defined in terms of mental models which influence how stakeholders conceive and define institutions. Rule of law is more than a mere institutional guarantee or set of rules — rule of law is understood as a component of a specific culture of understanding. It is shown that conceptions of rule of law have a long history in western society and have been influenced by both liberal and social ideals. Contemporary conceptions of the rule of law are tightly bound with specific notions of liberal democracy. It is hypothesised that there are distinctly identifiable opinions, beliefs and views of the rule of law present in South African democracy, and that these can be systematically described at the hand of a conceptual typology. The conceptual typology developed, identifies two contending interpretations of the rule of law, namely liberal and social rule of law. Liberal rule of law emphasises the status of the individual, moral plurality and the creation and maintenance of a rule-based society of the future. In contrast, social rule of law places emphasis on the status of the community, a single communally defined conception of the moral good and places greater emphasis on righting past injustices. Other publications that address the themes of democracy and the rule of law in South Africa are also examined in order to determine whether there is congruence between the conceptual typology developed in this study and other works. It is found that the conceptual typology is congruent with other works that depict the African National Congress’s conception of democracy, equality and liberty. These congruencies validate and strengthen the conceptual typology developed in this study. The conceptual typology is subsequently applied to a specific court case, the AfriForum v Malema hate speech case. The conceptual typology is found to be sufficiently accurate in analysing contending beliefs associated with the rule of law as expressed in this court case and identifies the African National Congress’s conception of the rule of law as falling under the social rule of law and AfriForum’s conception as aligning to the liberal rule of law. It is concluded that the conceptual typology can be empirically validated at the hand of the selected case. The conceptual typology is therefore validated with other works (conceptually) and with a specific case (empirically). It is concluded that the conceptual typology provides a clear, robust, concise and comprehensive analytical description of values and beliefs associated with the rule of law in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek of daar uiteenlopende en teenstrydige interpretasies oor die oppergesag van die reg teenwoordig is binne die Suid Afrikaanse demokrasie. Die studie stel voor dat die oppergesag van die reg deel uitmaak van die wyse waarop alledaagse samelewingsinteraskies, asook demokrasie, verstaan word. Die oppergesag van die reg word gedefinieer in terme van kognitiewe modelle, wat die belanghebbende partye se konsepsie van hierdie instelling beïnvloed. Die oppergesag van die reg word dus as element van spesifieke kulturele begrip vertolk en meer as institusionele element, wat die behoud van reëls waarborg, beskou. Dit word gewys dat konsepsies van die oppergesag van die reg lang geskiedenis in westerse samelewing het en dat dit deur liberale en sosiale ideale beïnvloed is. Kontemporêre konsepsies van die oppergesag van die reg het noue bande met die liberale demokrasie. Die hipotese is dat daar afsonderlik identifiseerbare opinies, oortuigings en sieninge van die oppergesag van die reg teenwoordig is in die Suid Afrikaanse demokrasie, en dat hierdie opinies sistematies aan die hand van konseptuele tipologie beskryf kan word. Die konseptuele tipologie wat ontwikkel word in hierdie studie identifiseer twee konsepsies van die oppergesag van die reg, naamlik die liberale- en die sosiale oppergesag van die reg. Liberale oppergesag van die reg plaas klem op die status van die individu, morele pluraliteit en die skep en handhawing van reëlsgebaseerde toekomsgerigte samelewing. Hierteenoor word die sosiale oppergesag van die reg gekontrasteer wat klem plaas op die status van gemeenskap of groep, enkele kommunale gedefinieerde konsepsie van die morele doelwit voortsit terwyl die klem geplaas word op die regstelling van ongeregtighede van die verlede. Ander publikasies wat die temas van demokrasie en oppergesag van die reg in Suid Afrika aanspreek, word ook bestudeer om sodoende ooreenkomste tussen die konseptuele tipologie wat hier ontwikkel word, en die bestaande literatuur vas te stel. Daar word gevind dat die konseptuele tipologie wel ooreenkomste met ander werke, wat die African National Congress se konsepsies van demokrasie, gelykheid en vryheid bestudeer, vind. Die ooreenkomste valideer en versterk die konseptuele tipologie. Die konseptuele tipologie word ook toegepas op spesifieke hofsaak, naamlik die AfriForum v Malema haatspraaksaak. Daar word gevind dat die konseptuele tipologie wel akkurate analise van teenstrydige opinies, wat geassosieer word met die oppergesag van die reg, moontlik maak. Die African National Congress se konsepsie word in die kategorie van die sosiale oppergesag van die reg geplaas terwyl AfriForum se siening in die kategorie van die liberale oppergesag van die reg geplaas word. Dit word bevind dat die konseptuele tipologie voldoen aan empiriese validasie aan die hand van geselekteerde saak. Die konseptuele tipologie word daarvolgens gevalideer met ander werke (konseptueel), asook met spesifieke gevallestudie (empiries). Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die konseptuele tipologie duidelike, robuuste, bondige en omvattende analitiese beskrywing van die waardes en oortuigings, wat geassosieer word met die oppergesag van reg in Suid Afrika, beskryf.
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Lindholm, Amanda, and Sofie Jodenius. ""Juridik och lagstiftning är inte svart eller vitt" : En kvalitativ studie om hur skolpersonal tolkar och tillämpar skollagen gällande nätkränkningar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-31633.
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The aim of this essay was to gain a deeper understanding about how school employees interpret and practice school law regarding cyber-bullying that occurs between pupils on the internet. To examine this we used a qualitative method. We completed eight interviews with five teachers, one headmaster, one school welfare officer and one special educationist. These eight school employees were from four different high schools. In our interviews we found that the school employees thought it was difficult to define different concepts within the school law such as in association with the occupation and offensive behaviour which prohibits them from interpreting the school law in the same way. These concepts were what seemed to make the law unclear when it came to situations involving cyber-bullying. We also found that they regarded the equal treatment plan as their most important tool when working with cyber-bullying even though they were uncertain about whether it was practiced when a situation emerged. This because of the school employees´ discretion that seemed to dominate more than what the school law states in most situations when it came to assessing how serious a cyber-bullying situation was and how it should be handled. We also understood that the school employees required more discussions and education regarding cyber-bullying in order to gain a deeper understanding of how to handle the problem. It seemed that cyber-bullying was not a prioritized matter due to that the employees had a lot of other things to attend too.
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Poon, Wai-yee Emily, and 潘慧儀. "The effectiveness of plain language in the translation of statutes andjudgments." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015648.
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Wei, Tsz-shan, and 韋子山. "Law and language: problems of meaning and interpretation in the Hong Kong courts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2973969X.
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Brewis, Carmen. "Die bevorderlikheid van opvoedkundige tolking vir effektiewe onderrig en leer binne die konteks van die Fakulteit Regsgeleerdheid aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80287.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditionally educational interpreting refers to educational interpreting for deaf students using Sign Language. Research that has been done in South Africa in spoken language educational interpreting represents pioneering work in this emerging discipline. One of the most important issues that interests policy makers and educators is the effectiveness of educational interpreting for teaching and learning purposes. This study investigates this issue with reference to contemporary ideas from academic literacy studies. Concepts such as affect, identity, accessibility and participation are investigated in order to describe possible relationships between educational interpreting and teaching and learning. The research is done against a discussion of pertinent concepts in interpreting theory, namely role, quality and professionalism. During a four week period educational interpreting was tested by way of a trial in two modules in the Law Faculty of the Stellenbosch University and with reference to three basic questions, namely: • Do students understand subject content better as a result of educational interpreting? • Do students identify better with the classroom situation because of educational interpreting? • Does educational interpreting help students to save time in the learning process? Data were gathered by way of action research and questionnaires, a focus group discussion, interviews and field observation. The research methodology included both qualitative and quantitative components. The results of the study lead to certain conclusions about the experience of educational interpreting in classrooms in the research context and whether educational interpreting can enhance teaching and learning in this context. Recommendations are made regarding the implementation of educational interpreting and further research in the field of Interpreting Studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisioneel verwys opvoedkundige tolking na tolking vir dowe studente deur middel van gebaretaal. Navorsing in gesproke opvoedkundige tolking is egter onlangs in Suid-Afrika begin; dit verteenwoordig pionierswerk in hierdie ontluikende studieveld. Een van die belangrikste kwessies waarin beleidmakers en opvoeders belangstel, is die effektiwiteit van opvoedkundige tolking vir onderrig en leer. In hierdie studie word ’n ondersoek na hierdie vraagstuk onderneem, met verwysing na kontemporêre idees uit akademiese geletterdheidstudies. Konsepte soos affek, identiteit, toeganklikheid en deelname word verken om uiteindelik moontlike verbande tussen opvoedkundige tolking en onderrig en leer te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die navorsing word gegrond op ’n verkenning van belangrike tolkteoretiese konsepte, naamlik rol, kwaliteit en professionaliteit. Opvoedkundige tolking is deur ’n proefneming binne die Fakulteit Regsgeleerdheid (US) in twee modules oor ’n tydperk van vier weke in klasse getoets met verwysing na drie basiese vrae, naamlik: Tradisioneel verwys opvoedkundige tolking na tolking vir dowe studente deur middel van gebaretaal. Navorsing in gesproke opvoedkundige tolking is egter onlangs in Suid-Afrika begin; dit verteenwoordig pionierswerk in hierdie ontluikende studieveld. Een van die belangrikste kwessies waarin beleidmakers en opvoeders belangstel, is die effektiwiteit van opvoedkundige tolking vir onderrig en leer. In hierdie studie word ’n ondersoek na hierdie vraagstuk onderneem, met verwysing na kontemporêre idees uit akademiese geletterdheidstudies. Konsepte soos affek, identiteit, toeganklikheid en deelname word verken om uiteindelik moontlike verbande tussen opvoedkundige tolking en onderrig en leer te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die navorsing word gegrond op ’n verkenning van belangrike tolkteoretiese konsepte, naamlik rol, kwaliteit en professionaliteit. Opvoedkundige tolking is deur ’n proefneming binne die Fakulteit Regsgeleerdheid (US) in twee modules oor ’n tydperk van vier weke in klasse getoets met verwysing na drie basiese vrae, naamlik:Tradisioneel verwys opvoedkundige tolking na tolking vir dowe studente deur middel van gebaretaal. Navorsing in gesproke opvoedkundige tolking is egter onlangs in Suid-Afrika begin; dit verteenwoordig pionierswerk in hierdie ontluikende studieveld. Een van die belangrikste kwessies waarin beleidmakers en opvoeders belangstel, is die effektiwiteit van opvoedkundige tolking vir onderrig en leer. In hierdie studie word ’n ondersoek na hierdie vraagstuk onderneem, met verwysing na kontemporêre idees uit akademiese geletterdheidstudies. Konsepte soos affek, identiteit, toeganklikheid en deelname word verken om uiteindelik moontlike verbande tussen opvoedkundige tolking en onderrig en leer te ondersoek en te beskryf. Die navorsing word gegrond op ’n verkenning van belangrike tolkteoretiese konsepte, naamlik rol, kwaliteit en professionaliteit. Opvoedkundige tolking is deur ’n proefneming binne die Fakulteit Regsgeleerdheid (US) in twee modules oor ’n tydperk van vier weke in klasse getoets met verwysing na drie basiese vrae, naamlik: • Kan tolking in klasse studente help om vakinhoud beter te verstaan? • Kan studente hierdeur beter met die klaskamersituasie identifiseer? • Word tyd sodoende in die leerproses bespaar? Deur ’n proses van deelnemende aksienavorsing is data ingewin deur middel van vraelyste, ’n fokusgroepbespreking, onderhoude en waarneming. As navorsingsmetodologie het die navorser van beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes gebruik gemaak. Na aanleiding van die resultate word afleidings gemaak oor die ervaring van opvoedkundige tolking in klaskamers binne die navorsingskonteks en of opvoedkundige tolking onderrig en leer binne hierdie konteks kan bevorder. Ten slotte word aanbevelings vir die implementering van opvoedkundige tolking en verdere navorsing in Tolkstudie gemaak.
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Leiper, Jonathan. "Equity in the South African legal system a critical ethnography." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002637.
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This thesis focuses on the process of interpreting and the difficulties faced by interpreters in the Magistrates' Court in Grahamstown, South Africa. More particularly, the thesis seeks to establish whether the constitutional guarantee of language equity can be applied to the courts - given the numerous problems with interpreting. Respondents from different spheres of the legal profession were interviewed in order to ascertain their perspectives on the state of interpreting, problems that are encountered by interpreters and attitudes displayed by other members of the legal profession towards interpreters. The methodology used in the thesis is that of a critical ethnography. As such, the research also has a critical focus, seeking to determine the ideologies and interests of different ):articipants in the legal process. On the basis of the data collected, a number of conclusions are drawn. The first is that interpreting in South Africa is in trouble. The system of interpreting is beset by a number of different problems. This study describes four different types of problems that are faced by interpreters: linguistic problems, environmental problems, training and administrative issues, and poor status in the eyes of the other participants in the legal process. Together the cumulative effect of these problems is the undermining of the principle of equity in the justice system. Finally, the thesis provides various practical and achievable solutions to the problems outlined above, specifically those faced by interpreters. The researcher also critically evaluates the efforts and motives of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.
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Pan, Han Ting. "A comparative study of conjunctive cohesion in bilingual legal documents : a corpus-based study of three Hong Kong listed prospectuses and the Hong Kong companies ordinance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2525531.
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Câmara, Junior José Maria. "O papel do intérprete das normas no cumprimento da sentença (obrigação de pagar) à luz do perfil constitucional do processo civil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6746.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-10The author intends to highlight the role of the interpreter, approaching the Procedure from the point of view of the Constitution. In order to do that, he observes the effectiveness crisis of judicial protection without trying to investigate its determinants and factors, focusing on the challenges of interpretation to properly identify the content and approach of procedural rules before its substantial changes that established a new outlook on the process of enforcing court judgments, in the attempt to provide greater speed and efficiency for the procedural course. Without intending to exhaust all procedural aspects of the enforcement of a judgment, the study wanted to raise training elements of opinion, from the techniques of interpretation of legal rules to then look into the jurisdiction and the process and then highlight specific procedural aspects which are interesting to hermeneutics in an attempt to harmonize the application of the rules to the principles that inform the civil proceedings, which had been sheltered by the federal constitution. Results pointed out that the modern civil procedure, whether to print a constitutional profile, identified by doctrine, and which requires the interpreter a duty to balance law to an effective judicial protection with the guarantee of cross examination and legal defense, with prevalence of due process of law by not allowing freedom of interpretation to determine an undesirable picture of insecurity and unpredictability. Therefore, the author clearly shows his concern for confrontation of some differences in detecting the normative content. The constitutional profile of civil procedure conducts the interpretation of the rules that apply to the enforcement of a judicial decision, allowing them to extract the best possible effectiveness to the judicial acts. Thus, the paper offered the author's contribution to the perspective that the law enforcers might think of a new civil procedure and change the reality that applies to those submitted to the judicial system
O autor pretende destacar o papel do intérprete à luz do perfil constitucional do processo e, para tanto, observa a crise de efetividade da tutela jurisdicional, deixando de reservar espaço na investigação de seus diversos fatores determinantes para centralizar sua atenção nos desafios da interpretação para melhor identificar o conteúdo e o alcance das normas processuais diante das alterações legislativas que estabeleceram um novo panorama para a execução dos títulos judiciais, com ênfase para as obrigações de pagar, na tentativa de conferir maior celeridade e eficiência para a marcha processual. Sem pretender abordar todos os aspectos processuais do cumprimento da sentença, o estudo quer levantar elementos de formação de opinião, a partir das técnicas de interpretação das normas jurídicas para, em seguida, debruçar-se sobre a jurisdição e o processo, e, então, destacar aspectos processuais específicos que despertam interesse para a hermenêutica, na tentativa de harmonizar a aplicação das normas em relação aos princípios que informam o processo civil, albergados pela Constituição federal. O estudo permitiu constatar que se deve imprimir ao processo civil moderno um perfil constitucional, identificado pela doutrina, e que impõe ao intérprete o dever de balancear o direito a uma prestação jurisdicional célere e efetiva, com a garantia da ampla defesa e do contraditório e a prevalência do devido processo legal, não permitindo que a liberdade no exercício interpretativo possa determinar um quadro indesejável de insegurança e de imprevisibilidade. Desse modo, foi possível constatar a preocupação do autor com o enfrentamento de algumas divergências na extração do teor da norma. O perfil constitucional do processo civil serve como fio condutor para os métodos de interpretação das normas que disciplinam a fase de cumprimento da sentença, permitindo que delas se possa extrair melhor aproveitamento para atribuir efetividade aos atos da jurisdição. Desse modo, o trabalho é uma a contribuição do autor na perspectiva de que os aplicadores do direito possam pensar um novo processo civil e alterar a realidade a que se submetem os jurisdicionados
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Coxon, Benedict Francis. "Interpretive provisions in human rights legislation : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d0a5ddca-9293-4204-b22b-417cdf829464.
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This thesis considers interpretive provisions in human rights legislation in the United Kingdom (UK), New Zealand and two Australian jurisdictions: the Australian Capital Territory and the State of Victoria. It deals with the relationship between certain common law interpretive principles which protect human rights and the rules under the interpretive provisions. It also considers what effect the interpretive provisions have on the overall approach to statutory interpretation, particularly in terms of their impact on the roles of intention and purpose. One of the themes of the thesis is that it is possible to identify a common methodology for the application of the various interpretive provisions. This is facilitated by an emphasis on the concept of purpose, which is flexible and capable of being identified and applied at higher levels of abstraction than the concept of intention as commonly applied by the courts. Despite this common methodology, the results of attempts at legislative rights-consistent interpretation in the relevant jurisdictions differ. We shall see that the UK courts have taken a broader interpretive approach than have their New Zealand and Australian counterparts. This will be explained by reference to the respective contexts of the human rights legislation in each jurisdiction, particularly in terms of legislative history. It will be argued that the purpose of the UK legislation to provide remedies in domestic courts for breaches of the European Convention on Human Rights provides the basis for the UK courts’ approach. The absence of this factor is the primary point of distinction between the UK on the one hand, and New Zealand and Australia on the other, though other issues will be explored. Finally, while as a matter of the interpretation of the UK legislation, and especially of the relevant interpretive provision, the approach of the UK courts is defensible, the significant risk to the principle of legal certainty which it poses will be highlighted.
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Clarke, Janice Barbara. "Values of lay and professional care : an interpretive enquiry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324774.
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López, Bofill Hèctor. "Formas interpretativas de decisión en el juicio de constitucionalidad de las leyes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7279.
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La tesi té per objecte l'estudi de les decisions d'una jurisdicció constitucional en les quals, com a alternativa a la declaració d'invalidesa, es condiciona la constitucionalitat dels preceptes legals que s'examinen a una determinada interpretació fixada pel Tribunal Constitucional. La investigació analitza els fonaments d'aquesta tècnica i els exemples del seu us en dret comparat. L'autor rebutja una aproximació a aquest fenomen de caràcter tipològic (que ha estat l'habitual en les aportacions fins ara publicades sobre la matèria) per endinsar-se a analitzar les raons materials i institucionals que porten a una jurisdicció constitucional a dictar aquesta mena de pronunciaments.La tesis tiene por objeto el estudio de aquellas decisiones de una jurisdicción constitucional en las que, como alternativa a la declaración de invalidez, la constitucionalidad de los preceptos legales examinados quedan condicionados a una interpretación establecida por el propio Tribunal Constitucional. La investigación analiza los fundamentos de dicha técnica y los ejemplos de su uso en derecho comparado. El autor rechaza una aproximación a este fenómeno de carácter tipológico (habitual en las aportaciones hasta la fecha publicadas) y se centra en el análisis de las razones materiales e institucionales que impulsan a la jurisdicción constitucional a dictar esta especie de pronunciamientos.
The dissertation examines those constitutional court decisions in which the controlled statute is not set aside but constitutional under some conditions fixed by the Constitutional Court. The research analyzes the foundations of these decisions and their use by the Constitutional Courts in comparative law. The author rejects an approach of such decisions based upon their classification and argues for a position concerning the institutional and material background in which these decisions are invoked.
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Seo, Jung-Kyung Benjamin. "Equipping Korean lay people to use the historical-cultural principle in interpreting the book of Daniel." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Murray, Kendra Elizabeth. "Interpreting Low-Temperature Thermochronology in Magmatic Terranes: Modeling and Case Studies from the Colorado Plateau." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612151.
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Robust interpretations of rock thermal histories are critical for resolving the timing and rates of geologic processes, especially as low-temperature thermochronology has become a common tool for investigating the evolution of landscapes and mountain belts and the feedbacks between geodynamic processes. Most interpretations of thermochronologic cooling ages, however, attribute rock cooling entirely to rock exhumation - a common but tenuous assumption in many settings where thermochronology is used to investigate links between tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution, because these places often have history of magmatism. Exploring the complexities - and advantages - of interpreting low-temperature thermochronologic data in magmatic terranes is the principal theme of this work. Using simple analytical approximations as well as the finite-element code Pecube, we characterize the cooling age patterns inside and around plutons emplaced at upper and middle crustal levels and identify the advective and conductive scaling relationships that govern these patterns. We find that the resetting aureole width, the difference between reset and unreset cooling ages in country rocks, and the lag time between pluton crystallization age and pluton cooling age all scale with exhumation rate because this rate sets the advective timescale of cooling. Cooling age-elevation relationships in these steadily exhuming models have changes in slope that would masquerade as changes in exhumation or erosion rates in real datasets, if the thermal effects of the plutons were not accounted for. This is the case both in the country rocks immediately next to upper crustal plutons and, surprisingly, in the country rocks kilometers above mid-crustal plutons with no surface expression. Together with a lag-time analysis useful for the practical question of when it is appropriate to interpret a cooling age as an exhumation rate in crystalline rocks, this work improves our framework for evaluating the effects of magmatism on thermochronologic datasets. We also demonstrate the importance of considering the magmatic history of a region in field studies of the Colorado Plateau, where interpreting apatite (U-Th)/He data requires diagnosing significant inter- and intra-sample age variability. Prior to considering the thermal history of the region, we develop a new model for a common source of this age variability: excess He implantation from U and Th (i.e., eU) hosted in secondary grain boundary phases (GBPs), which can make very low eU apatites hundreds of percent 'too old'. Samples significantly affected by He implantation are not useful for thermal history interpretations, but this model does provide a diagnostic tool for discriminating these samples from those with useful age trends. Once the effects of GBPs have been accounted for, the remaining data from two different thermochronologic archives in the central Colorado Plateau provide a new perspective on the Cenozoic history of the region, which has a multiphase - and enigmatic - history of magmatism and erosion. We find that sandstones in the thermal aureoles around the Henry, La Sal, and Abajo mountains intrusive complexes were usefully primed by magmatic heating in the Oligocene to document the subsequent late Cenozoic history of the region more clearly than any other thermochronologic archive on the Plateau. These data document a stable Miocene landscape (erosion rates<30 m/Ma) that rapidly exhumed ~1.5-2 km in the Plio-Pleistocene (~250-700 m/Ma no earlier than 5 Ma) in the Henry and Abajo mountains, and strongly suggest most of this erosion occurred in the last 3-2 Ma. The integration of the Colorado River ca. 6 Ma, which dropped regional base-level, is the principal driver of this erosion. It is likely, however, that a component of the rapid Pleistocene rock cooling is unique to the high mountains of the Colorado Plateau and reflects an increase in spring snow-melt discharge during glacial periods. Although apatite thermochronology results far from the Oligocene intrusive complexes cannot resolve this detailed Plio-Pleistocene history, they do constrain the onset of late Cenozoic erosion to no earlier than ~6 Ma. Moreover, apatite cooling ages from these rocks also document Oligocene cooling (ca. 25 Ma) that is contemporaneous with the emplacement of the laccoliths and the waning of the vigorous magmatic flare-up that swept through the southwestern USA ca. 40-25 Ma. Although the cooling ages are consistent with ~1 km of exhumation in the late Oligocene and early Miocene, as previous workers have suggested in the eastern Grand Canyon region, we demonstrate that a transient change in the geothermal gradient (peaking at ~50˚C/Ma in the late Oligocene) driven by moderate mid-crustal magmatism can produce identical age patterns. Therefore, we re-interpret the mid-Cenozoic erosion event on the Colorado Plateau as primarily a change in the crustal thermal field, rather than an erosional event. This requires a more significant Laramide-age unroofing in parts of the central Plateau and perhaps a re-evaluation of the interpretations of Oligocene canyon cutting in the Grand Canyon region
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Richman, Scott D. "An Interpretive Policy Analysis of Bullying Law and the Development of Bullying Policy in a Central Florida School District." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1749.
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Bullying has been an issue in schools and became a major concern for school leaders over the past two decades. Olweus (1993) defined three characteristics of bullying behavior: intent to harm another, repeated offenses, and a perceived or real power imbalance. This study examined the law's provisions concerning bullying in schools; specifically examining the Florida Jeffrey Johnston Stand Up for All Student Act (2008), and the required policy implemented in Hillsborough County Public Schools (HCPS). Discourse theory framed the study, as defined by Habermas (1996) and the derivative Interpretive Policy Analysis was used to analyze the district policy, as defined by Yanow (2000). The study utilized four research questions to examine bullying law and policy: what constitutional, statutory, and case law said about bullying; bullying policies in literature; development of bullying policy and how closely it matched law. Constitutional law laid the foundation of the school system. Statutory law provided more details and at the state level, defined requirements concerning bullying. Bullying laws existed in 44 states, the majority addressing one or more of Olweus' components. HCPS developed its xii bullying policy in the fall, 2008, closely following requirements of Florida bullying law. The district had a student conduct policy prior to new requirements and a violence prevention committee (VPC) met monthly. The VPC formed a smaller committee including administrators, teachers, parents, students, and law enforcement members, to develop the policy. The committee examined each component of the state model policy, and either used the item verbatim or added additional information specific to HCPS. The district exceeded state requirements for some items such as extending the definition of bullying to include employees and visitors. Overall, bullying laws were designed to protect students from harmful behaviors. The district policy was designed to achieve this task; however, it was also seen as a means to avoid lawsuits and to protect the district's interests. Implications included the need to update laws/policies continually to reflect the current times, such as new technologies, and the interpretation of laws and eventual implementation in schools. In addition, the interpretive policy analysis process used in this study could be applied to other studies examining the policy development process.
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Abad, Colom María. "La interpretación de conferencias en el ámbito de las ciencias de la salud en España: situación actual y desafíos derivados del uso del inglés como lingua franca." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/96687.
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Esta tesis doctoral aborda la situación actual de la Interpretación de Conferencias en el ámbito de las CC.SS. en España en la era del inglés como lingua franca (ELF) para la comunicación científica. Mediante un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, compuesto por más de 600 encuestas y 15 entrevistas en profundidad, se traza el mapa del mercado español actual en este sector para los intérpretes y se ahonda en las consecuencias que la prevalencia del ELF tiene para los científicos españoles. Las implicaciones del uso del inglés como lengua internacional se analizan desde la perspectiva de la Teoría de la Cortesía de Brown y Levinson (1987) y sus conceptos centrales de “imagen negativa”, “imagen positiva” y “acto amenazante a la imagen”. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran que, para los científicos españoles que no dominan el inglés, la ubicuidad del ELF constituye lo que llamamos una “circunstancia amenazante a la imagen” y que la Interpretación de Conferencias puede funcionar como acción compensatoria para preservar la imagen de este colectivo.
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Toledo, Maria Ângela Russo Abud de. "Direito, interpretação e comunicação: clareza jurídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-21062011-135426/.
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O objetivo consiste na construção de uma teoria da clareza jurídica, pragmática, com passos iniciais, em oposição a uma teoria clássica da clareza lingüística do direito e de uma clareza jurídica estreita, na produção, interpretação e decisão. Delineia-se um perfil de clareza jurídica, pragmática, em oposição a um perfil de uma teoria clássica, da clareza lingüística do direito e da clareza jurídica, estreita. Desloca-se para uma teoria do claro-escuro em uma teoria geral da norma jurídica e sua construção de sentido, em uma teoria geral da interpretação e uma teoria da decisão. Recorre-se à técnica do direito, como linguagem, por uma semiótica jurídica, distinguindo-se a utilização de uma semiótica no direito e de uma semiótica do direito. A máxima interpretativa, in claris cessat interpretatio, redefinida para interpretar-se norma clara e não-clara, passa a ser regra de regulagem, integrante de uma norma jurídica e do ordenamento. Na construção do claro-escuro jurídico, pragmático, o não-claro é redefinido como defeito atenuado, que convive com o claro, com seu título de validade, em um ordenamento jurídico, a partir do estatuto da linguagem, como constitutiva de seu próprio funcionamento. A clareza jurídica, pragmática, exerce o papel de controle regulador, em uma teoria da decisão. O claro-escuro, jurídico, pragmático, na qualidade de valor, torna-se regra de calibração de um ordenamento.The objective consists in the construction of a juridic clarity theory, pragmatic, with inicial steps, in opposition of a classic theory from linguistic clarity of law and from a narrow juridic clarity, in production, interpretation and decision. There is a profile of a juridic clarity, pragmatic, in opposition of a classic theory profile, from linguistic clarity of law, and from a narrow juridic clarity. It deslocates to a chiaroscuro theory in a general theory of juridic norm and its meaning construction, in a general theory of interpretation and also a decision theory. It appeals to the law technique , as a language, for a juridic semiotic, distinguishing the utilization of a semiotic on law and of a semiotic from law. The interpretative precept, in claris cessat interpretatio, redefined to interpretate clear norm and non-clear norm, becomes a regulation rule, part of a juridic norm and of the legal system. In the construction of a juridic chiaroscuro, pragmatic, the chiaroscuro is redefined as a attenuated defeat, wich lives with the clear, with its validity title, in a legal system, starting from the language statute, as constitutive of its own operation.Juridic clarity, pragmatic, exercising the role of a regulator control, in a decision theory. The chiaroscuro, juridic, pragmatic, in the quality of value, becomes a calibration rule of a legal system.
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Isaksen, Emelie. "“Lay down our differences” : An interpretive study of problem representation(s) and inclusion in Extinction Rebellion." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402470.
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Previous research on social movements shows that as a consequence of social stratification, structurally privileged groups in society are more prone to engage in and take on leading positions in collective action than those who are structurally marginalised. This essay takes off in the puzzle of deficient inclusion in social movements that identify as inclusive, and looks at how that problem also appear empirically in the environmental movement Extinction Rebellion (XR). As attention to environmental issues and climate activism has increased significantly over the last years, many activists and scholars have pointed out the importance of tackling the problem with an intersectional feminist approach. Therefore, an interpretive discourse analysis with a “What’s the Problem Represented to be?” (WPR) approach is applied to the strategically chosen case of XR, and the results are interpreted through an intersectional feminist lens as conceptualised by Angela Davis (1981, 2016). The analysis contributes to the research problem through identifying two parallel problem representations, one representing the problem as proximate, local and technical-environmental and one representing it as current, global and societal-environmental. It is concluded that part of XR’s discourse rests on a problem representation that risks reproducing structural power relations. According to Davis’s conceptualisation of intersectional feminism this could have dire consequences for a movement which has shown to have potential to influence politics.
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Seigler, Timothy John. "An analysis of the interpretive method of original intent to the establishment clause of the United States Constitution and its implication for public schools /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1996.
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Marinaro, Fabiana. "Reform without change : a sociological analysis of employment legislation and dispute processing in Japan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reform-without-change--a-sociological-analysis-of-employment-legislation-and-dispute-processing-in-japan(ca8c9774-731f-4ae5-ac9f-bef9303ed9da).html.
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This thesis sheds new light on the study of law in Japan by exploring legislative interventions and dispute resolution processes in the Japanese field of employment. The academic literature about the legal system of Japan has produced valuable research about various areas of Japanese law, from attempts at explaining patterns of rights assertion in the country to more recent studies about the legal reforms launched by the government of Japan starting from the 2000s. However, it has rarely considered the employment field as a fruitful subject for research. Nonetheless, in the past thirty years, employment has been one of the areas of Japanese law to experience considerable reform. Against the backdrop of the changes in the composition of the Japanese workforce and the bursting of the economic bubble of the beginning of the 1990s, the government of Japan assumed a more prominent role in the regulation of employment relations. In light of these developments, this thesis contributes to the debate on the role of law in Japan by examining this rarely investigated area of the Japanese legal system. Specifically, it focuses on the legislative interventions of the Japanese government to regulate the peripheral workforce of the labour market, namely women and part-time workers, and procedures for the resolution of employment disputes. In doing so, it demonstrates that the efforts of the legislators to enhance the creation of a more inclusive labour market have been fundamentally constrained by ideological and institutional factors, and resulted in an uneven distribution of legal resources among workers which exacerbated existing employment status divisions. This, in turn, has translated into unequal access to justice, affecting the extent to which different categories of workers can obtain redress through the legal apparatus.
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Weatherford, Mark T. "Interpretive analysis of the Joint Maritime Command Information System (JMCIS) Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) Local Area Network (LAN) security requirements." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA285529.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1994.Thesis advisor(s): Carl F. Jones, Cynthia E. Irvine. "September 1994." Bibliography: p. 108-112. Also available online.
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Ciuti, Sara. "L'interpretazione simultanea dall'italiano in ungherese: disfluenze ed errori derivanti dalle peculiarità della coppia di lingue." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20858/.
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The aim of this case study is to analyse the performances of two Hungarian interpreters during Simultaneous Interpreting (SI) from Italian into Hungarian. Since they provide a valuable glimpse into cognitive activity, this study is mainly focused on the analysis of disfluencies in the Hungarian interpreted text. It gives special attention to the error-type disfluencies (ETDs) and to the nature of the grammatical errors that both interpreters committed, in order to analyse their cognitive load during SI from Italian. The study thus analyses the most frequent types of disfluencies in both subjects, highlights individual differences and similarities while comparing the results with previous studies on the matter, in particular with Bakti’s (2009, 2010, 2017) and Gósy’s (2003, 2007, 2016) works, among others. The first chapter presents the hungarian language, its origins and its grammar, allowing the reader to better understand part of the analytical contents. The second chapter deals with the theoretical background that inspired this research: it first offers an overview of the cognitive load in SI presented through Gile’s Efforts Model and, in relation to the cognitive aspect, describes the time lag and the disfluencies together with the different methods of measurement and classification used by the researchers. In the third chapter I describe the material and explain the method I used to carry out this research through all its phases. The fourth chapter is split into two main sections: the first one presents the collected data for disfluencies, grammatical errors and time lag values, separately for both the interpreters; the second part combines the results obtained for these three different groups of data and discusses them, underlining the differences between the two interpreters in terms of cognitive load and expertise. It also shows the most common types of grammatical errors and provides a comparison with the results obtained in previous studies.
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Accinelli, Ruiz Lucciano, Galindo Cristina Lucia Loayza, and Cabrera Leslie Marthina Rocio Ruiz. "Análisis y propuesta de mejora de El quechua en la función policial: manual para el empleo del quechua en las comisarías a partir de discursos teóricos sobre la interpretación comunitaria y la interculturalidad." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652514.
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Diversas iniciativas desde el Estado y la sociedad civil proponen el uso de herramientas para asegurar los derechos lingüísticos de los hablantes de lenguas originarias en el Perú. Este estudio cualitativo analiza El quechua en la función policial: Manual para el empleo del quechua en las comisarías, herramienta diseñada por Wilfredo Ardito y Gavina Córdova para facilitar el servicio que brinda la Policía Nacional del Perú (PNP) en contextos plurilingües. El objetivo principal del estudio es identificar en qué medida la teoría sobre traducción e interpretación como mediación lingüística se reflejan en el manual, entendido como un material para formar mediadores lingüísticos. De esta manera, se identifica y analiza los principales alcances y limitaciones del desarrollo y contenido del manual, y se proponen estrategias de mejoras. Para ello, se analizó el contenido del manual y se entrevistó a los autores; finalmente, se compararon los resultados con los discursos teóricos sobre interpretación comunitaria e interculturalidad. La investigación concluye que la interpretación comunitaria aún no es percibida por el Estado ni por la sociedad como la respuesta al reto de la comunicación intercultural, a pesar de que existe un marco normativo que respalda su uso. Esto se refleja en el manual y la ausencia de habilidades de interpretación, interpersonales y técnicas. Por lo tanto, se plantea un modelo de mejora que presenta recomendaciones basadas en un diálogo con teorías de la interpretación e interculturalidad aplicables al contexto peruano.Peru has diverse governmental and social initiatives that propose the use of different tools to ensure linguistic rights of indigenous languages speakers. This qualitative research analyzes El quechua en la función policial: Manual para el empleo del quechua en las comisarías (Quechua in the police work: Handbook of Quechua for Police Officers), a tool created by Wilfredo Ardito and Gavina Córdova aiming to facilitate Peruvian National Police (PNP) service in plurilingual contexts. The main objective of this study is to identify how theories about translation and interpreting as language mediation are shown in the handbook, understood as a training material for PNP officers to work as language mediators. In this manner, the aim is to identify and analyze the main accomplishments and limitations of the development and content of this handbook, so as suggesting strategies to possible improvements. To do so, the handbook was analyzed, and its authors were interviewed. Thereafter, their discourses were compared with theories of community interpreting. This research discovered that community interpreting is not yet perceived by the State as the main tool to address the need for a proper linguistic mediation within the intercultural communication challenge. Although there is a regulatory framework supporting the use of this discipline, there are no public policies nor any measures that assure it or regulate it. Therefore, an improvement model with recommendations based on translation and interpreting theories and localized in at a Peruvian context is proposed.
Tesis
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Hendriks, Carolyn Maree, and C. M. Hendriks@uva nl. "Public Deliberation and Interest Organisations: a Study of Responses to Lay Citizen Engagement in Public Policy." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20050921.103047.
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This thesis empirically examines how lobby groups and activists respond to innovative forms of public participation. The study centres on processes that foster a particular kind
of deliberative governance including citizens’ juries, consensus conferences and planning cells. These deliberative designs bring together a panel of randomly selected lay citizens
to deliberate on a specific policy issue for a few days, with the aim of providing decision makers with a set of recommendations. While policy makers worldwide are attracted to these novel participatory processes, little consideration has been given to how well they work alongside more adversarial and interest-based politics. This doctoral research project examines this interface by studying what these processes mean to different kinds of policy actors such as corporations, advocacy groups, government agencies, experts
and professionals. These entities are collectively referred to in this thesis as ‘interest organisations’ because in some way they are seeking a specific policy outcome from the
state – even government-based groups.¶
The empirical research in this thesis is based on comparative case studies of four deliberative design projects in Australia and Germany. The Australian cases include a citizens’ jury on waste management legislation and a consensus conference on gene
technology in the food chain. The German case studies include a planning cells project on consumer protection in Bavaria, and a national consensus conference on genetic diagnostics. Together the cases capture a diversity of complex and contested policy
issues facing post-industrialised societies. In each case study, I examine how relevant interest organisations responded to the deliberative forum, and then interpret these responses in view of the context and features of the case.¶
The picture emerging from the in-depth case studies is that interest organisations respond to deliberative designs in a variety of ways. Some choose to participate actively,
others passively decline, and a few resort to strategic tactics to undermine citizens’ deliberations. The empirical research reveals that though responses are variable, most
interest organisations are challenged by several features of the deliberative design model including: 1) that deliberators are citizens with no knowledge or association with the
issue; 2) that experts and interest representatives are required to present their arguments before a citizens’ panel; and 3) that policy discussions occur under deliberative conditions which can expose the illegitimate use of power.¶
Despite these challenges, the paradox is that many interest organisations do decide to engage in lay citizen deliberations. The empirical research indicates that groups and experts value deliberative designs if they present an opportunity for public relations, customer feedback, or advocacy. Moreover, the research finds that when policy actors
intensively engage with ‘ordinary’ citizens, their technocratic and elite ideas about public participation can shift in a more inclusive and deliberative direction.¶
The thesis finds that, on the whole, weaker interest organisations are more willing to engage with lay citizens than stronger organisations because they welcome the chance to influence public debate and decision makers. It appears that powerful groups will only
engage in a deliberative forum under certain policy conditions, for example, when the dominant policy paradigm is unstable and contested, when public discussion on the issue is emerging, when policy networks are interdependent and heterogeneous, and when the broader social and political system supports public accountability, consensus and
deliberation. Given that these kinds of policy conditions do not always exist, I conclude that tensions between interest organisations and deliberative governance will be common. In order to create more cooperative and productive interfaces, I recommend
that interest organisations be better supported and integrated into citizens’ deliberations, and that steps be taken to safeguard forums from strategic attempts to undermine their
legitimacy.¶
The thesis also sends out three key messages to democratic theorists. First, the empirical research shows that different kinds of groups and actors in civil society vary in their
willingness and capacity to participate to public deliberation. Second, the deliberative design model demonstrates that partisan actors, such as interest organisations, will engage in public deliberation when they can participate as strategic deliberators. In this role
partisans are not expected to relinquish their agendas, but present them as testimonies before a group of deliberators. Third, the empirical research in this thesis should bring
home to theorists that deliberative forums are closely linked to the discursive context within which they operate.
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Löwenthal, Paulo Friedrich Wilhelm. "O devido processo legal substantivo como instrumento de controle da razoabilidade e da proporcionalidade das leis." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6138.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-14This paper discusses the constitutional guarantee of due process of law, with emphasis on its substantive dimension. It investigates the applicability of substantive due process within the scope of the Brazilian legal order based on precedents of the Supreme Federal Court, in addition to analyzing the origins and development of the constitutional doctrine of substantive due process in its cradle, meaning the precedents of the U.S. Supreme Court. As an interpretation instrument, identifying and understanding the interpretive phases related to the principle of substantive due process and its dimensions under U.S. Law adds breadth to the study and understanding of the substantive due process doctrine within the scope of the Brazilian legal order
O presente trabalho trata da garantia do devido processo legal, com ênfase na sua dimensão substancial. Empreende uma investigação acerca das origens e do desenvolvimento do devido processo legal substancial, enfocando o ambiente em que o mesmo apresentou seu desenvolvimento mais fecundo: a jurisprudência da Suprema Corte norte-americana. A partir da identificação das diversas fases interpretativas que o princípio do devido processo legal substancial assumiu no direito estrangeiro, a sua compreensão é enriquecida, possibilitando, ao intérprete, uma utilização mais consistente e consciente desse importante ferramental hermenêutico. Objetiva verificar a aplicabilidade, em nosso ordenamento jurídico, do devido processo legal substancial, utilizandose, para tanto, o exame da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal
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Cheang, Orquidea Gil. "Estudo das estrategias e metodos de traducao de Sete estrelas : antologia de prosas femininas." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2129850.
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Faintrenie, Nicolas. "L'influence européenne sur l'interprétation des actes juridiques privés." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0111.
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Par l’arrêt Pla et Puncernau contre Andorre du 13 juillet 2004, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme a fait une entrée remarquée dans le contrôle de l’interprétation des actes juridiques privés. Tenante d’une conception réaliste du droit, elle a élaboré des Principes européens d’interprétation qui sont autant d’obligations qui pèsent sur le juge national. La CJUE partage en grande partie ces principes, mais possède ses particularités et hésite encore à s’aligner sur le contrôle du juge de Strasbourg. Le juge français est quant à lui confronté à des directives d’interprétation qui sont de simples conseils, tandis que la Cour de cassation se refuse à opérer un autre contrôle que celui de la dénaturation. Dès lors, elle n’est pas en mesure de redresser les fautes commises par les juges du fond notamment, et encourt le risque d’engager la responsabilité de l’Etat français devant la Cour EDH. Si la Cour de cassation a entamé une réflexion sur la façon de rendre la justice en coordination avec les cours européennes, la modification du système herméneutique français se heurte à de nombreux obstacles révélateurs de la conception traditionnelle du droit français des obligationsWith the case of Pla and Puncernau versus Andorra on 13 July 2004, the European Court of Human Rights has made a dramatic entrance in the supervision of the interpretation of private contracts. Defending a realist conception of law, it developed European Principles of interpretation, which are obligations for national courts. The CJEU largely shares these principles, but has its particularities and it is still reluctant to align with the Strasbourg Court’s supervision. The French judge is itself faced with interpretive guidelines that are simple advice, while the Court of Cassation refused to operate another supervision than the denaturation. Therefore, it is not able to correct the errors committed by the trial judges in particular, and takes the risk to commit a violation of the European law. If the Supreme Court considers by now how to deliver justice in coordination with the European courts, changing the French hermeneutic system faces many obstacles revealing the traditional conception of French law of obligations
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Alessandro, Arianna. "Investigación en la acción educativa. Las unidades fraseológicas pragmáticas en la didáctica del español y del italiano como lenguas extranjeras." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83822.
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En esta investigación se aborda el tratamiento de la fraseología periférica y, más específicamente, de la clase de las Unidades Fraseológicas Pragmáticas (UFP), en la enseñanza y aprendizaje del español y del italiano como lenguas extranjeras. Ante el papel que esta unidades juegan en el desarrollo de las competencias fraseológica y comunicativa global, así como las lagunas que, a pesar del creciente interés que despiertan los estudios fraseológicos, siguen afectando a esta parcela, nuestro objetivo es definir las especificidades que su didáctica implica y proponer un acercamiento práctico a la misma. Valiéndonos del marco metodológico de la Investigación en la Acción Educativa combinado con un análisis cualitativo-interpretativo, hemos diseñado y testado en el aula un modelo didáctico operativo, llamado Modelo Fraseológico-Pragmático (Mo.Fra.P.), a través del cual planteamos unos recursos y procedimientos, tanto lingüístico-fraseológicos como pedagógicos, susceptibles de ser aplicados al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las UFP.This dissertation analyzes the treatment of the peripheral area of the phraseological repertoire, especially Phraseological-Pragmatic Units (UFP), in the teaching environment of Spanish and Italian as foreign languages. This work describes the specificities of UFP pedagogy and, especially, provides a practical approach to it, considering the role played by these units in students’ development of phraseological competence and, consequently, in their global communicative competence, as well as the gaps that, despite increasing interest in phraseological studies, continue to affect this area. Making use of the Action Research framework combined with a qualitative/interpretive analysis, the author designed and tested an operative model, called Phraseological-Pragmatic Model (Mo.Fra.P.), with students in class, by means of suggesting linguistic-phraseological and didactic resources and methods, that can be applied to the teaching and learning of UFP.
Nel presente studio si analizza il trattamento riservato alla fraseologia periferica, in particolare alle Unità Fraseologico-Pragmatiche (UFP), nell’ambito dell’insegnamento e apprendimento dello spagnolo e dell’italiano como lingue straniere. Tenendo conto del ruolo che queste unità svolgono ai fini dello sviluppo della competenza fraseologica y comunicativa globale e, allo stesso tempo, delle lacune che, nonostante il crescente interesse suscitato dagli studi fraseologici, permangono in questa area, l’obiettivo è definire le specificità che la didattica delle UFP implica e proporre un approccio pratico alla medesima. Servendoci della metodologia della ricerca nell’azione educativa combinata con un’indagine qualitativo-interpretativa, abbiamo disegnato e testato in aula un modello didattico operativo, che prende il nome di Modello Fraseologico-Pragmatico (Mo.Fra.P.), mediante il quale proponiamo una serie di risorse e procedimenti, linguistico-fraseologici e pedagogici, da applicarsi nell’ambito del processo di insegnamento e apprendimento delle UFP.
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Motta, Francisco José Borges. "Ronald Dworkin e a construção de uma teoria hermeneuticamente adequada da decisão jurídica democrática." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3148.
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O presente trabalho visa a estabelecer as bases para a construção, a partir da obra de Ronald Dworkin, das premissas de uma teoria democrática da decisão jurídica que seja adequada para o Brasil. A ideia é identificar e discutir algumas das principais teses e hipóteses do jusfilósofo norte-americano, propondo uma apropriação de seus conceitos interpretativosno contexto da experiência constitucional brasileira. Para tanto, promove-se inicialmente uma discussão sobre o seu conceito de democracia (partnership conception) e sobre a sua concepção de revisão judicial da legislação (judicial review). A decisão jurídica é apresentada como uma questão de democracia, ideia que é defendida por meio de um contraste com o pensamento de Jürgen Habermas e Jeremy Waldron, e de uma aproximação com a perspectiva adotada, no Brasil, por Lenio Streck. Por meio de uma análise teórica e filosófica do debate Hart/Dworkin, são defendidas as seguintes premissas: a) a tarefa central da teoria jurídica contemporânea é normativa, no sentido de que deve fornecer critérios para a decisão; b) a verdade não é estranha ao domínio da Moral, sendo possível fazer juízos morais objetivos (há um debate, neste ponto, com o pensamento de Brian Leiter); e c) o Direito, desde um ponto de vista interpretativo, pode ser concebido como uma subdivisão da moralidade política, sem que isso prejudique a sua autonomia. O Direito é um conceito interpretativo e, no domínio da interpretação, são as ideias de responsabilidade e de valor que aproximam o argumento da verdade. Defende-se, assim, a epistemologia da responsabilidade proposta por Dworkin: quando se adere a uma prática interpretativa (um gênero interpretativo), atribui-se a esta um propósito e assume-se a responsabilidade de promover aquele valor. Este argumento pode ser iluminado pela Hermenêutica Filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer, cujos pontos de contato com o interpretativismo dworkiniano são investigados. Transportadas estas ideias para o âmbito do Direito, passa-se a defender a estratégia de leitura moral (moral reading) de dispositivos constitucionais. De acordo com a leitura moral, as decisões jurídicas devem ser geradas por princípios. A interpretação construtiva da Constituição leva à tese de que uma decisão jurídica e democraticamente correta deve ter a sua legitimidade confirmada de dois modos: por um lado, deve ser produto de um procedimento constitucionalmente adequado, por meio do qual se garanta, aos interessados, aquilo que Dworkin chama de participação moral; por outro, a decisão deve estar fundamentada numa interpretação que, dirigida à integridade, honre a responsabilidade enquanto virtude. A isso demos o nome de dupla dimensão da resposta correta.
This research aims to lay the basis for the construction of a democratic theory of legal decision, suitable for Brasil, grounded upon the work of Ronald Dworkin. The idea is to identify and discuss some of the main theses and hypotheses of the American legal philosopher, proposing an appropriation of his interpretive conceptsin the context of the Brazilian constitutional experience. In order to do so, it promotes a discussion of his concept of democracy (partnership conception) and of his conception of judicial review. Legal decision-making is presented as a question of democracy, and this point is argued by means of a contrast with the work of Jürgen Habermas and Jeremy Waldron, and by an approximation to the perspective adopted in Brazil by Lenio Streck. Through a theoretical and philosophical analysis of the Hart/Dworkin debate, the following assumptions are stated: a) the central task of legal theory is normative, meaning that it should provide criteria for decision-making; b) there is truth to be found in the Morality domain; it is therefore possible to make objetive moral judgements (there is a debate, at this point, with the ideas of Brian Leiter); and c) Law, from an interpretive standpoint, can be conceived as a branch of morality, without losing its autonomy. Law is an interpretive concept and, in the interpretation domain, ideas of responsability and valuepoint the argument toward the truth. Integrated epistemology, as proposed by Dworkin, is adopted here: when someone joins an interpretive practice (an interpretive genre), he not only sets a purpose to it, but he also assumes the responsability to promote that value. This argument may be illuminated by Hans-Georg Gadamer’sPhilosophical Hermeneutics, and the possible links between Gadamer’s work and dworkinian interpretivismare investigated. Once these ideias are brought into the Law realm, the moral reading of the Constitution strategy emerges. According to the moral readingthesis, legal decisions should be generated by principles. Constructive interpretation of constitutional provisions leads to the thesis that a legal and democratically correct decision should have its legitimacy confirmed in two ways: first, it must be the result of a constitutionally proper procedure, by which isguaranteed, to its participants, what Dworkin calls moral participation; second, the decision should be grounded upon an interpretation that aims to integrity and honors responsability as a virtue. This is what is called the double dimension of the right answer.
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Ndima, Dial Dayana. "Re-imagining and re-interpreting African jurisprudence under the South African Constitution." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13854.
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Text in EnglishThe substitution of the dominant Western jurisprudence for South Africa’s indigenous normative values during colonial and apartheid times has resulted in a perverted conception of law that presents Western jurisprudence as synonymous with law. In the era of the constitutional recognition of African law where the application of the democratic principle demands that the newly re-enfranchised African communities deserve to be regulated by their own indigenous values, the resilience of this legal culture has become problematic. To reverse this situation legal and constitutional interpreters must rethink and reshape their contributions to the achievement of the post-apartheid version of African law envisioned by the South African Constitution. The application of African law in a free and liberated environment must reflect its own social, political and legal cosmology in which its institutions operate within their own indigenous frame of reference. A study of the anatomy of African jurisprudence as a means of gaining insight into the indigenous worldview which was characterised by the culture of communal living and the ethos of inclusiveness to counter the prevailing hegemony of autonomous individualism, has become urgent. To achieve this such pillars of African jurisprudence as the philosophy of ubuntu must be exhumed in order for African law’s rehabilitation under the Constitution to be undertaken on the basis of its authentic articulation uncontaminated by colonial and apartheid distortions. The task of developing the African law of the 21st century to the extent required by the Constitution is a challenge of enormous proportions which demands an appreciation of the historical and political environment in which African law lost its primacy as the original legal system of South Africa after Roman-Dutch law was imposed on the South Africa population. The revival of African law becomes more urgent when one considers that when Africans lost control of their legal system they had not abdicated sovereignty voluntarily to the newcomers. The validity of the imposition of Western jurisprudence is vitiated by the colonial use of such imperial acts as colonisation, conquest, and annexation as the basis on which the regime of Roman-Dutch law was imposed on South Africa. Ever since, African law has been subordinated and denigrated through colonial and apartheid policies which relegated it, via the repugnancy clause, to a sub-system of Roman-Dutch law with whose standards it was forced to comply. The repugnancy clause left African law a distorted system no longer recognisable to its own constituency. The advent of the new dispensation introduced a constitutional framework for re-capacitating South Africa’s post-apartheid state institutions to recentre African law as envisioned by the Constitution. This framework has become the basis on which legislative and judicial efforts could rehabilitate the indigenous value system in the application of African law. The courts of the new South Africa have striven to find the synergy between indigenous values and the Bill of Rights in order to forge areas of compatibility between African culture and human rights. An analysis of this phase in the development of African law, as evidenced by the present study, reveals successes and failures on the part of the courts in their efforts to rehabilitate African law in line with both its value system and the Bill of Rights. These findings lead to the conclusion that whilst South Africa’s legislative and judicial institutions have not yet achieved the envisioned version of African law, there is an adequate constitutional framework through which they could still do so. This study, therefore, recommends that the above institutions, especially the courts, should adopt a theory of re-indigenisation that would guide them as they proceed from the indigenous version of African law which is the basis on which to apply the Bill of Rights. The application of such a theory would ensure that the distorted ‘official’ version of African law which was imposed by colonial and apartheid state institutions is progressively discredited and isolated from the body of South African law and gives way to the version inspired by the Constitution.
Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law
LL.D.
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陳莉雯. "Interpreting the Protection of the Interests of the Children Born Through Assisted Reproductive Technologyon the Aspect of Family Law." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6hc7p3.
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碩士東吳大學
法律學系
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With the improving medicine, the fertility which is given by the Nature originally can be intervened by human force in some degree. The fertility can be replaced by artificial methods from the passive contraception to aggressive reproduction. On July 26, 1978, the first test tube baby, Louis Brown, was born in the United Kingdom. Life can start in vitro rather than in vivo from then on. This turns the new page in human reproduction. In addition, human starts to utilize assisted reproductive technology. The productivity depends on not only the nature selection, but the human selection. Reproductive problems have become solvable with modern technology. Taiwan’s first test tube baby was born in 1985. Nowadays, more than five thousand test tube babies are born in Taiwan each year. There are two to three test tube babies in every 100 newborn in Taiwan. A new in vitro fertilization era has started. This technology is beneficial and useful to whom want to have descendants with difficulties. However, it also impacts some basic principles, such as traditional human rights, human dignities, ethics, moral values, marriage, descent, and laws. Confronting reproduction technology and social rules institutionalization have become the biggest problem which human faces. Opposing the impact of the improving modern reproduction technology, it is hard to find a position from the traditional legal orders which purses stability and conservation. From March 21 2007, the Assisted Reproductive Act was enforced. The assisted reproduction has become legalization instead of administrative regulation. Turning to the legislating process of this law, there are still many contradictive problems. For example, is it possible to collect semen from the death? It does not get an answer from the current law. Moreover, although there are eight chapters and forty articles in the Reproductive Act, the legal rights of the children born through artificial reproduction are only ruled from the article 23 to 25. It is special rules of Civil Code. However, it cannot apply for all kinds of relationship by the assisted reproduction and reveal every kind legal status of children. In addition, this law cannot be applied on the every types of the children born through assisted reproduction. Therefore, this article aims to find a solution for the disputation related to the children born through assisted reproduction that are not mentioned by the current Assisted Reproductive Act, to protect the various legal rights of the children born through assisted reproduction. This article will start the comprehensive discussion by the current laws from the concept of assisted reproduction and the Assisted Reproductive Act to the legal status of the children born through assisted reproduction. For the various parent-child relationships, which are not covered by the Assisted Reproductive Act, this article tries to discuss whether the family part of the Civil Code can define the legal paternity. In addition, collecting semen from the death is a special chapter in this article. Nevertheless, no matter the law permits the collecting or not, the benefit of the children from the death should be the key concern for the legislation and the dealing with cases, because life should not be determined or be as a scapegoat before the life starts and infringe the human dignity. Therefore, by the viewpoints of maximizing the profit of children, this article tries to discuss the laws about the permissibility of collect semen from the death and the identification of the children born through assisted reproduction and the heritage of the property. Finally, the influence of the Family Act, which was enforced on June 1, 2012, for typical legal paternity cases can be discussed. It can be known the current judicial judgments related to artificial reproductive cases by the actual judgement of the assisted reproduction.
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Kaschula, Russell H., and André Mostert. "Communicating across cultures in South African law courts: towards an information technology solution*." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59423.
Full textAbstract:
Language rights in South Africa are entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa (Chapter 1, Section 6, Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996). However, the concomitant infrastructure and organisational realities make this policy difficult to implement, especially in law courts (Kaschula and Ralarala 2004). Creating effective communicative environments has historically been constrained by lack of effective training of legal practitioners and by the lack of capacity for building translation structures. With the advancement of technology, potential solutions are becoming more apparent and it is incumbent upon the academic community to embark on a rigorous investigation into possible solutions and how these Information Communication Technology (ICT) solutions could be applied to the execution of justice in South African law courts. This article aims to open the discourse of possible solutions, via assessments of computer based translation solutions, ICT context simulations and other potential opportunities. The authors hope to initiate the interest of other language and legal practitioners to explore how the new technological capabilities could be harnessed to support the entrenchment of language rights in our law courts.
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Madden, Michael. "THE EXCLUSION OF IMPROPERLY OBTAINED EVIDENCE AT THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: A PRINCIPLED APPROACH TO INTERPRETING ARTICLE 69(7) OF THE ROME STATUTE." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/50199.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines article 69(7) of the Rome Statute, which creates an
exclusionary rule for improperly obtained evidence at the International Criminal Court
(ICC). Ultimately, the thesis proposes how the ICC should interpret its exclusionary rule.
The thesis discusses the theory underlying exclusionary rules, the evidence law and
remedial law contexts within which exclusionary rules operate, and numerous
comparative examples of exclusionary doctrine from within national criminal justice
systems. Finally, some unique aspects of international criminal procedure are described
in order to demonstrate how an international exclusionary rule might need to differ from
a domestic rule, and previous jurisprudence relating to exclusionary rules at other
international criminal tribunals is surveyed. The thesis ends by articulating what a basic
test for exclusion at the ICC should look like, and examines how such a rule would
operate in respect of all of the different exclusionary doctrines discussed earlier in the
thesis.
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Kaschula, Russell H., and Monwabisi K. Ralarala. "Language rights, intercultural communication and the law in South Africa." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/59434.
Full textAbstract:
This article seeks to explore the present language scenario in courts of law. The article makes use of section 6 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996), as a point of departure. At face value this section seems to entrench the language rights of individuals. This would mean that individuals could request trials to be held in their mother tongues, with fluent and competent speakers of that mother tongue sitting on the bench. However, this has not materialised. Contrary to popular opinion, the article argues that individual language rights are to some extent entrenched in the Constitution, but there are no mechanisms to secure such rights in the public domain. The article argues that it is often only language privileges that are preserved in institutions such as the justice system. Legally speaking, there is an obligation on the State to provide interpreters to facilitate access to all eleven official languages in courts of law. This in itself presents numerous challenges. The article argues further that the corollary to this is that there is very little space for intercultural communication in courts of law (as defined by Ting-Toomey, 1999, and Gibson, 2002). There has been little or no capacity building in this regard. It is English, to some extent Afrikaans, and the western cultural paradigm, which prevails. The result is further communication breakdown and language intolerance. In this article, the notion of language rights in courts of law is explored against the backdrop of existing theories of intercultural communication.
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Legg, Shelbie C. Launer Michael K. "Playing a dangerous game of telephone the role of court interpreters and interpretation error in immigration and other court proceedings /." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142004-164758.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004.Advisor: Dr. Michael K. Kauner, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Program in Russian and Eastern European Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan, 27, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.
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Mnyandu, Nontobeko Lynette. "The provision of interpreting services in isiZulu and South African Sign Language in selected courts in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1550.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Technology: Language Practice, Department of Media, Language and Communication, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.IsiZulu is a previously marginalized language and is spoken by 78% of people in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa.info 2012). Signed language on the other hand, is not an official language in South Africa, although it is recognised despite the profession having undergone major transformation since democracy. This study hypothesizes that isiZulu and South African Sign Language interpreters both face challenges when given interpreting assignments. This study aims to create an awareness of the needs of the isiZulu speakers and deaf people when seeking judicial assistance and also to contribute towards the provision of quality interpreting services in some of the courts in KwaZulu-Natal. With this study it is hoped to assist the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development to be able to see where they can still improve on their system. This study was conducted only in four courts, therefore, the findings cannot be generalized to be the same in all the courts in South Africa. IsiZulu kusewulimi obelucindezelwe, kanti lusetshenziswa abantu abangamaphesenti angama-78 KwaZulu-Natali (SouthAfrica.info 2012). Ulimi lwezandla ngakolunye uhlangothi, akulona ulimi olusemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika nangale koshintsho oluningi olwenziwe kusukela kwaqala intando yabantu. Lolu cwaningo lucabangela ukuthi otolika besiZulu kanye naboLimi Lwezandla babhekana nezingqinamba uma benikwe umsebenzi wokutolika. Lolu cwaningo Iuhlose ukwazisa ngezidingo zabantu abakhuluma isiZulu kanye nabangezwa uma bedinga usizo lwezomthetho kanye nokuxhasa ekunikezeleni ukutolika okusezingeni elifanele kwezinye zezinkantolo KwaZulu-Natali. Ngalolu cwaningo kuthenjwa ukuthi luzosiza uMnyango Wobulungiswa kanye nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo ukuba ubone ukuthi yikuphi la okungalungiswa khona inqubo yokwenza yawo. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ezinkantolo ezine kuphela, ngakho-ke okutholakele ngeke kuze kuthathwe ngokuthi kuyafana ezinkantolo zonke zaseNingizimu Afrika.
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