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1
Kortje, Jodi-rae. "Canadian Nurse Leaders' Experiences with and Perceptions of Moral Distress: An Interpretive Descriptive Study." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1473624886412243.
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Rafferty, Pat. "An interpretive study of elementary school teachers' descriptive accounts of the art teaching task." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27671.
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Art educators perceive a state of disjuncture in the field when what is persistently practiced in elementary schools as art stands in opposition to basic tenets about the teaching and learning of art. Two reasons are given to explain this sense of disjuncture. First, art education orientations and research associated scholarship are posited to be less than successful
in disclosing to teachers what is educationally relevant. Neither a child-centered nor a discipline-centered orientation seems to have considered the adjustive effort teachers make in translating intended purposes into classroom practice. Second, a school art orientation is perceived to be in opposition to art education ideals. Recent studies suggest that features of the classroom setting and the strategies teachers use to make them comprehensible may have an impact on the outcome of instruction in art.
Guided by a theoretical stance developed from the literature on commonsense knowledge,
I adopted a method of approach to investigate teachers' interpretive accounts of the teaching and learning of art. Observation and interview strategies were used. I discovered two guidelines teachers consulted, and I examined the context in which the guidelines and events mutually elaborate one another.
1. When properly programmed, an art task guides the synchronization of an aggregate of recognizable and approved action, and
2. The use of the art classificatory scheme of structured and experimental art activities in practice is contingent on maintaining this programmatic course of action.
Teachers' accounts revealed four features useful in making their work recognizable and approved:
pacing and phasing of action, physical conditions, thematic content, and effort. The features elaborated a proper programmatic effect and structured art activities over experimental
ones as a way of achieving this effect. This kind of activity was described as school-like and successfully addresses the problem of how to regulate the efforts of an aggregate of children over a specified period of time with due respect for order. The prescription for a preformulated content and stylistic form of art determined acceptable effort.
Ideally, experimental art activities were understood to heighten personal awareness by encouraging the child to be more of a task determiner. With less opportunity to rely on stock responses, because the relevance of idiosyncratic action had to be determined anew whenever this kind of activity was undertaken, teachers chose to set this kind of activity aside until conditions became ideal. The difficulty children had in deciding what was intended
by the invitation to experiment was not recognized as significant.
Choice of structured art activities appears to be attributed to two related factors: a taken-for-granted conception of the requirements for organizational control and an unresolved conception of experimental art activities in the context of this organizational structure. This in-school orientation does not seem to indicate a rejection of formally approved
art education orientations, but rather an unquestioning acceptance of the practical necessity of organizational control acquired as a result of teaching experience. These demands determined what is possible in art. Basic tenets of art education intended to have educational consequences have been indefinitely set aside, unwittingly reducing children's involvement
in art and teachers' responsibility to assist children in interacting with the discipline.
Reified conventions such as freedom of expression and experimentation have made art education remote by creating a chasm between theory and practice, implying that art education
can be dealt with at a theoretical level without consideration of how teachers handle everyday experience. Reasonable conclusions to be drawn from evidence provided in this study are that educators need an approach to art education that will not artificially produce the gap that structured art activities have come to fill. It would have to bridge the gap in a manner that recognizes art education orientations (theory) and what teachers do with them (practice) as aspects of the same thing. The present study is a first step toward reflective intervention in the taken-for-granted ways teachers and art educators think about what they do. If it is important for children to interact with the developed structure of the art education
discipline, and if teachers are to take responsibility for ensuring that the art education
experience takes place, then change would have to be urged by apprising teachers, art educators, and others of the state of disjuncture reported here, and how factors associated with it have come to complement and contradict the interchange between the goals of art education and the school as a workplace.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
3
Hannon, James G. "Place Needs and Client Outcomes of Wilderness Experience Programs in Maine: A Descriptive-Interpretive Approach." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HannonJG2004.pdf.
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Sing, Chai Ching. "Teachers' professional development in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment : a descriptive and interpretive enquiry." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30914.
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The Masterplan II for IT in education launched by Singapore's Ministry of Education demands the adoption of a student-centred and constructivist oriented pedagogy. This study adapted the Knowledge Building Community (KBC) as a professional development model for teachers to develop the necessary competencies and beliefs for the reform. A computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment supports the adapted Teacher Knowledge Building Community (T-KBC). It is based upon social-cultural views of learning, recent theoretical developments in teacher education and adult learning theories. A qualitative case study approach was adopted to study the teachers' experiences of the T-KBC. Content analysis of the postings indicated that the teachers participated fairly actively in online knowledge building and they formed a socially cohesive community. The moderately sustained online discussion was developed to some depth. The teachers were interviewed for their beliefs about epistemology and pedagogy and these data were analyzed along with their reported experiences of the T-KBC. They reported a range of epistemological beliefs that varied along the relativist continuum. Their reported beliefs and practices of teaching and learning appeared to be related to their epistemological beliefs but they were mediated by their beliefs about the school contexts. The teachers' online participation fits their reported beliefs to some extent. Regardless of their beliefs, the teachers seemed rather satisfied with their learning and teaching experiences in the T-KBC. They reported changes in their views about students as knowledge constructors. However, they perceived that the time constraints caused by the curricula and the examinations would hinder them from implementing the reform. The findings apparently provide supports for emerging theories about learning, teacher professional development and claims about the affordances of CSCL. It seems that the T-KBC is a viable model for preparing practising teachers for the types of classroom learning that the reform is targeting. However, other systemic changes are needed.
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York, Kaley. ""A balancing act" : an interpretive descriptive study of parents' experiences raising a child with Asperger's syndrome." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39753.
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This thesis is an interpretive description of parents’ experiences raising a child, 11 to 19 years, with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS). Eight families consisting of 13 parents (8 mothers and 5 fathers) participated. Data collection comprised of semi-structured interviews with parents, demographic information for each parent, and field notes. The analytic method of constant comparison (Thorne, 2008), informed by grounded theory methodology (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), allowed for the identification of commonalities across parents’ experiences. The core concept of a ‘balancing act’ was identified, which was comprised of three key themes: “losing our footing,” “regaining our balance” and “helping others find their balance.” The findings shed light on how parenting a child with AS is a complex and evolving process in which parents struggle to find the right balance for themselves, their child with AS, and their family as a whole. Over time, parents gain knowledge and skills related to the AS, how to read their child and the AS, and effective strategies to manage the AS in the context of family life. This balancing act is often witnessed and judged by an audience of others (i.e., school and health professionals, extended family, and strangers), which can compromise parents’ ability to find and maintain balance. Findings from this study have application potential to practice, education, and research domains, helping to raise awareness of what it is like to parent a child with AS and inform and strengthen the care provided to families experiencing AS.
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Taylor, Susan. "A descriptive interpretive exploration of the nurse consultant role and its influence on the research agenda." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89032/.
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Aim: To focus on an exploration of the NC role and its engagement with and influence on the research agenda for nursing, Background NC posts have only been established in the United Kingdom since 1999. The role is intended to incorporate four domains: expert practice, leadership and consultancy, education and training, service development and research. Although there has been professional literature regarding the role development in general, there is little written regarding the development of the research aspect and how this influences the research agenda for nursing. Design A qualitative exploration of the research component of the NC role was undertaken using semi-structured audio-recorded telephone interviews with 13 NCs across England. Data were analysed using McCormack’s (2000a) multiple lens approach, a framework that facilitated thematic analysis. The study was informed by the theoretical frameworks of Professional Socialisation and Benner’s (1984) Stages of Clinical Competence, which allowed critical analysis of the data. Findings In relation to the development of the research component of the NC role, the data suggest that NCs were poorly supported in clinical practice, and that, although most held Masters Degrees, this educational level did not provide NCs with adequate preparation for the role or for delivery of the research component of their role. There was also poor understanding of the research role by the authors of NC job descriptions who comprised of NCs themselves, service managers or Directors of Nursing. Research has both an academic and clinical focus in relation to development, infrastructure support and delivery and therefore I expected that Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) would have been involved in the development of the research aspect of the NC role. However, there was very little or no engagement with HEIs by authors of the job descriptions in most cases. Constraints of the clinical environment around service pressures, competing demands, coupled with a lack of mentorship and the absence of a research culture and inadequate links with HEIs were other factors contributing to the barriers to research development. However, the findings revealed that NCs contribute to the research culture within their organisations through various levels of engagement, but there was little in the way of active involvement in research projects. Implications for Practice/Research This research has added to the body of knowledge concerning how, in clinical practice, NCs are socialised into the world of research and what support should be available to ensure NCs deliver on the research aspect of the role. Research and Development activities are considered a major job requirement, where there is an expectation that research will be conducted in a specialist area. This study has concluded that NCs are a group of expert nurses who are visibly making a difference to EBP but not necessarily in the way first envisaged when the roles were developed. This study has highlighted an emerging conceptual framework CFRE (Allen et al. 2004) which could be used to operationalise the research component of the role. The emerging field of implementation science is recommended for the development of the research element of the NC role in order to accelerate the EBP agenda for nursing. Key stakeholders who currently employ NCs should review the infrastructure and support provided to deliver on this.
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Neal, Penelope L. Dr. "Patients' Perception of the Use of Motivational Interviewing for Childhood Obesity Treatment: A Qualitative Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2610.
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The purpose of this qualitative interpretive descriptive study was to better understand children’s perceptions of the use of motivational interviewing (MI) as a communication style for childhood obesity treatment. Childhood obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions and much research effort has been dedicated to reversing this trend. One approach that has demonstrated positive outcomes in the clinical setting is MI. Leading organizations in pediatric healthcare now recommend MI as a communication style to be used for childhood obesity-related behavior change. Although empiric studies have demonstrated improvement in outcomes when this communication style is used with patients and families, no study to date had looked at MI from the perspective of the child. Thorne’s (2008) framework for interpretive descriptive research was used for this study. Individual interviews with children ages 7 through 13 were conducted in an outpatient weight management clinic that utilizes MI as the primary communication style for facilitating behavior change. Qualitative data analysis was conducted utilizing Thorne’s recommendations for interpretive descriptive research. Five themes emerged from the data: 1) Empowerment, 2) Freedom to be Me, 3) Educating without “Educating”, 4) Unconditional Support, and 5) Blossoming. A conceptual model was developed from the research findings to help clinicians working with children in similar contexts glean a deeper understanding of the use of MI with children. Future research endeavors should focus on the implementation of this model in clinical practice to strengthen the conceptual links and determine applicability to practice.
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Skroch, Diana. "A descriptive and interpretive study of class piano instruction in four-year colleges and universities accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music with a profile of the class piano instructor /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1991.
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Parmar, Natasha. "Apprehension of Newborn Infants by Child Protection Services: Experiences of Mothers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42503.
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In Ontario, 1% of women who give birth have their newborn infant apprehended by child protection agencies (~200/year). Hospital-based perinatal nurses are in a unique position to support mothers. However, there is a lack of research examining mothers’ experiences of newborn infant apprehension. The purpose of this study was to explore mothers’ experiences with nurses and other providers when newborn infant apprehension occurs. Doka’s Disenfranchised Grief Framework was used as a lens to help guide the research questions, methods and analysis. Thorne’s Interpretive Descriptive approach was employed. Mothers who had experienced newborn infant apprehension in the last 10 years were recruited from an agency in Ontario. Nine individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted. When analyzing the data, the researchers identified patterns and themes from among the mothers’ varied experiences. The analysis resulted in four themes: Not good enough, I am a mother, I have rights, I live everyday like I’m grieving, and Hope in the face of adversity. The findings illuminated the imbalance of power that mothers face when experiencing newborn infant apprehension, where power and authority rest with health and social service providers. This research study will focus on the findings describing what mothers want - for nurses to be open-minded, non-judgmental, to teach mothers regarding cycles of violence, and to advocate for mothers’ rights. Ultimately, the mothers posited that nurses are well positioned to empower mothers, thereby giving them the opportunity to begin recovery.
The findings indicate a need for nurses to provide safe, compassionate, competent, ethical care and inform how perinatal nurses can better support mothers experiencing newborn infant apprehension.
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Infanger, Valori. "Speaking Out: How Women Create Meaning from the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1988.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty could be used to effectively expand the media-narrowed definition of beauty. This study focused on the Onslaught video and corresponding message board. The sample included 119 posts written by 85 different message board users. Both a descriptive and interpretive content analysis based on reception analysis was used to deconstruct the message posters' interpretation and construction of individual beauty. The posters used the board primarily to express themselves, attach blame to the media and arrive at consensus. Overall, the users responded positively to the campaign. Twenty themes emerged from the posts, with the most prevalent attaching blame to the media for societal problems. The findings of this study suggest that Dove effectively created an online community where women could find a voice to express themselves and share experiences. More importantly, Dove initiated a public discussion that is a preliminary step in changing social norms. As such, the campaign should be viewed as having been effective.
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Van, Graan Marteleze. "South African host city volunteers' experiences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa™." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27565.
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The 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) World Cup (WC) would be the first time that a FIFA WC would be hosted on the African continent. This study was aimed at describing the South African City of Tshwane (COT) general volunteers’ experiences of volunteering at the 2010 FIFA WC. The FIFA Volunteer Programme consists of two groups of volunteers: Local Organising Committee (LOC) volunteers and each Host City (HC) volunteers. The COT volunteers are HC volunteers from the Tshwane Metropolitan Area (TMA). Volunteers are active in a variety of different contexts, namely in the community, volunteers at sport clubs or schools and also at mega sport events. Volunteers make it possible to host a mega sport event because they provide their time and effort without expecting remuneration or they receive a stipend amount. The existing literature of volunteers at mega sport events investigated what motivated volunteers to participate as well as how satisfied the volunteers were with the experience. The aim of this study was to describe COT general volunteers’ experiences of preparing (preparation phase) for the 2010 FIFA WC; COT general volunteers’ experiences during (participation phase) the 2010 FIFA WC, as well as the South African COT general volunteers’ experiences on their involvement (reflection phase) at the 2010 FIFA WC was described. The methodology employed in this study was Descriptive Phenomenology and the Duquesne Phenomenological Research Method was used to analyse the material. The differences between Descriptive Phenomenology and Interpretive Phenomenology were described. The material consisted of a written account as well as an interview, which was based on the essences that were portrayed in the written accounts. There were five participants — three spectator services volunteers and two rights protection volunteers. All of the participants were female. The findings of this study were divided into the preparation phase, participation phase and the reflection phase. In the preparation phase the COT general volunteers described two essences namely, the application process and training. In the participation phase the COT general volunteers experienced four essences namely, the working of shifts, interaction with volunteers, interaction with supervisors and lastly interaction with tourists. In the reflection phase the volunteers described two experiences, growth and value. This research project contributes to sport psychology because this study describes the experiences of volunteers at the 2010 FIFA WC.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Psychology
unrestricted
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van, Wiltenburg Shannon Leigh. "Workplace violence against registered nurses: an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/389.
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Health personnel, especially nurses, are often victims of workplace violence. Unfortunately, little is known about the nurses' experience of violence. A research study was initiated to further explore the nurses' accounts of workplace violence so as to make dimensions of the nurses' experience visible and more fully understood.
Interpretive description was the research methodology adopted for this study. Using theoretical sampling, ten Registered Nurses from the lower mainland and Vancouver Island, British Columbia participated in semi structured, audiotaped interviews.
In this research, the nurses' experience of workplace violence emerged as a highly complex entity, deeply embedded in relationships and context. How nurses perceive the contextual factors of the organization, their immediate work environment and their individual attributes were found to play a significant role in how they respond to the phenomenon.
The findings of this study suggest that organizational culture is an important determinant in managing workplace violence and that policy and administrative personnel play a pivotal role in influencing the problem. Nursing culture also influences the nurses' expectations, assumptions and actions towards violence. Participants voiced that role conflict often challenged their ability to enact acquired professional ideals and that that they routinely undertake roles in dealing with violence that are not appropriate to their level of knowledge or skill.
Within the nurses' immediate work environment, bullying as well as physical and verbal abuse was commonplace. Overcrowding, long waits for service, poor environmental design and inadequate staff to patient ratios were seen as factors that increased nurses' risk.
Individual factors were associated with emotional and psychological harms that nurses endured. Workplace violence affected self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy and the nurses' sense of control. Moral distress, self-blame, feelings of failure, loss of motivation and leaving the nursing profession were significant findings.
The results of this study demonstrate a need to re-think how we can address workplace violence in nursing. Research and intervention is needed to further explore organizational policy and governing structures, the culture and climate of practice environments, and the fundamental role nursing education programs have in preparing nurses to manage workplace violence.
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Arthur, Dianne. "Maternal request for an elective caesarean section an interpretive descriptive study of primigravid women's request for an elective caesarean section : a dissertation [thesis] presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, March 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.
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Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2003.Appendices D, E, F and G not included in e-thesis. Also held in print (87 leaves, 30cm.) in Akoranga Theses Collection (T 618.86 ART)
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McPherson, Gladys Irene. "Children's participation in chronic illness decision-making: an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/579.
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Participation in decision-making and inclusion in the important matters of one’s life are upheld as measures of equality and indicators of the moral status of individuals in liberal democratic societies. To some extent, the status of children in western societies is a contested question, and hence, the nature of children’s contributions to decisions is a matter of debate. Evidence suggests that in spite of an apparent societal commitment to children’s participation in the important matters of their lives, children tend to be excluded from decisions in which they might reasonably be involved. This project investigated the participation of one group of children—chronically ill school-age children— in decisions related to their health care. Adopting interpretive description as methodology, data were collected and analyzed through interviews and participant observation with 31 chronically ill children (ages 7 to 12 years) and their parents, as well as through interviews with health care providers.
In this study, children’s participation in health care decisions emerged as a complex activity, deeply embedded in relationship and history. Participation varied within two key domains: children’s opportunities and abilities to formulate and make known their intentions and desires in decisional contexts (the resonance of children’s voices); and the standing achieved by children’s views within decisional processes (the relevance of children’s voices). The interplay of adult authority and children’s agency at the nexus of the resonance and relevance of children’s voices created certain participatory spaces, depicted as moral and social realms variously characterized by children’s silence, children’s tangible expression, adult imposed authority, or adult assumed responsibility.
The findings of this study demonstrate a need to re-think our concept of children’s participation, and point to the importance of developing a more relational and contextual understanding of how chronically ill children may contribute to important matters in their lives. The findings also support a view that nurses and other health care providers hold certain responsibilities to critically question the relationships and structures that comprise children’s health care encounters, toward a goal of creating conditions where possibilities for children’s participation are optimized.
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Kucukbumin, Asli. "Counselling? No, thanks! : an interpretive description of street-involved youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46419.
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This thesis is an interpretive description of street-involved youth refusing counselling; it has two primary research questions. The first research question asked why street-involved youth refused counselling, and the second research question investigated research participants’ advice to counsellors who want to work with this population. Data collection comprised of semi-structured interviews with seven people. These seven people were recruited as they have current or past experiences of being street-involved youth who refused counselling. This interpretive description was informed by thematic analysis. Findings of this study suggested that street-involved youth’s reasons for refusing counselling are embedded in their perception of counselling, their experiences of counselling, and their desire to protect themselves. Research participants’ advice to counsellors who would like to work with this population also emerged in three layers: increasing counselling’s accessibility for street-involved youth, building connections with street-involved youth, and using street-involved youth friendly interventions. Findings emphasized the significance of counsellor-youth relations and the time and patience such relations may require. Findings also demonstrated a need to re-evaluate forced counselling and suggested to give youth more control over their counselling experiences.
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Bernard, Jean S. "Nurse Educators' Transition to Flipped Classroom: An Interpretive Description Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2603.
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To meet learning needs of current undergraduate nursing students, and respond to mandates for bettered prepared graduates, nurse educators must restructure curricula and teaching strategies. One strategy garnering increased attention is the flipped classroom model (FCM). This form of instruction requires students to have access to and be accountable for lecture material on their own time, and then use face-to-face classroom time for interactive learning that can include discussion, case study analysis, or application of pre-class lecture content. Although the FCM has gained popularity, few researchers have fully studied this strategy or considered experiences of faculty who implement the model. Nurse educators, in particular, do not have enough evidence-based information to support use of the FCM. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe undergraduate nurse educators’ experiences associated with the FCM and to elucidate factors which enhance and hinder its implementation. With the analytical approach of interpretive description (ID), the researcher sought to highlight what it is like for educators to teach undergraduate nursing students using the FCM and to offer interpretation of what occurs with transition from traditional lecture to this strategy. Three overarching themes emerged from the data: 1) What We Are Doing Is Not Working: “There’s a Big Disconnect”, 2) Charting a Different Course: Experimenting with the FCM, and 3) Reflections of the Journey thus Far. These themes revealed participants’ motivation for transition to the FCM, their patterns of thinking as they restructured coursework, roles and relationships, and considerations regarding use of this model. Results from this study offer implications for future research and provide undergraduate educators footing for continued evidence-based teaching practice.
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West, Erin Marie. "Parents' Perceptions of Young Children's Social Interest Experiences: An Interpretive Description." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1467364191.
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Laidlaw, Nicola Ann. "International practicums and nursing students' understanding of culture : an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50359.
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Canadian nurses and nursing students are required daily to interact with and care for individuals of diverse cultural backgrounds in a manner that assures high quality, respectful care. While international practicums are being employed by some nursing schools to prepare nursing students for this challenge, there is a scarcity of literature examining the success of such programs. This qualitative study explores nursing students' accounts of culture before, during, and after an international practicum, to explore how the notion of 'culture' is developed in nursing students taking part in an international practicum.
This study was designed using a critical cultural framework, the premise of which is that we see individuals not as simply belonging to a particular cultural group, a cultural “other”, but that they be recognized as residing within a unique historical, social, economic and political context that is unlikely to be identical to that of any other member of their cultural group. The research was conducted using interpretive description as the research methodology. Purposive criterion sampling was employed to select participants.
This research emphasized the complexity of the notion of culture. It has been suggested that these practicums can be problematic in terms of the cultural understanding they instill in students, perhaps even reinforcing the essentialist notions of culture that we are attempting to replace.
The importance of self-reflection to reveal personal biases, values and assumptions, as well as the recognition of the sociopolitical influences on the lives of individuals emerged as key factors in facilitating a critical cultural understanding of culture. This research highlighted the need that nurse educators be supported in their own journey toward an understanding of the concepts of `culture` and `cultural safety`.
The findings of this research support the idea that nursing students, for the most part, retain their essentialist views of culture, even during and after participation in an international practicum. It emphasizes the need to rethink how nursing students are prepared pre-departure to approach their practicum with a critical cultural eye, and the importance of daily reflection and guided discussions during the practicum.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Huminuik, Kirby. "Vulnerability in the Canadian refugee determination arena : an interpretive description study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60998.
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This exploratory study utilized Interpretive Description, an applied qualitative methodology, to investigate the manner in which the concept of vulnerability is currently understood and intervened upon within the refugee determination arena in Canada. Consistent with Interpretive Description, this study generated qualitative data from multiple sources, which were theoretically and purposively selected. Four distinct source groups provided data at different levels of analysis: government documents and qualitative interviews with officials offered insight into the systemic level, key professional informants provided access to the organizational level, recent refugee claimants provided information on the individual level, and the collected documentation of a small number of refugee claims provided examples of particular instances, while providing insight into the refugee determination arena as a whole.
In the context of Canadian refugee determination, ‘vulnerability’ refers to factors that impede access to a fair hearing and the risk of retraumatization. This study provides a rich and timely description of aspects of identity and experience that give rise to vulnerability for refugee claimants and the institutional and community-based practices that can exacerbate or mitigate risks for harm. Three key findings can be distilled from this study: vulnerability is conceptualized according to essentialized characteristics of refugee claimants, there is variation between professional conceptualizations of vulnerability, and there are barriers to implementation across the refugee determination arena. I argue that a mis-attribution of harm to the individual/intrapsychic rather than to the systemic domain, a lack of integration of the psychological knowledge base that underpins the concept of vulnerability, and systemic barriers to implementation result in less than optimal protection for refugee claimants.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Saulse, Bernice. "Interpreting within the Western Cape health care sector : a descriptive overview." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4213.
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Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past decade many studies have shown that ad hoc interpreting services are still the norm for the health care sector in the South African context. The health care sector of South Africa, specifically in the Western Cape, is characterised by primarily Afrikaans- and English-speaking doctors, or medical practitioners in general, who do not understand Xhosaspeaking patients. In order to bridge this language gap, ad hoc interpreting services are employed, which are rendered by family members of a patient, nurses, or at times, even by porters or cleaners. As a result of the fact that these ad hoc interpreters lack training in interpreting theory and practice, they tend to distort communication, which impact negatively on the quality of the health care that the patient receives. This consequent lack of quality in health care can therefore directly be related to the quality of the interpreted utterances or product that the interpreter renders. Even though ad hoc interpreters are generally more used in the health care sector, some hospitals employ professionally trained interpreters to relieve the burden of a language barrier. In 1996, due to the erratic nature of health care interpreting services and language barriers between medical practitioners and patients, the National Language Project trained 22 community interpreters to be placed in hospitals within the boundaries of the Western Cape. Three of these interpreters were placed at Tygerberg Hospital, three at Groote Schuur Hospital, and three at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. By 2008 none remained in Tygerberg Hospital, one was still employed by Groote Schuur Hospital, and two employed by Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. In 2007, Groote Schuur Hospital identified a need to train and place interpreters within the hospital, due to the language barrier between medical practitioners and patients, as well as to optimise health care. These trainees were formerly employed by the hospital in positions such as cleaners. Even though they were then professionally trained, they were still remunerated as cleaners, for example. In addition to the two interpreters employed at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, another interpreter was employed on a full-time basis. Some departments within the hospital make use of their own interpreters, who are not employed by the hospital. Tygerberg Hospital has one officially employed interpreter who is a nursing assistant by profession, and who has received no training in interpreting whatsoever. The aim of this study was firstly to investigate interpreting practices within these three tertiary hospitals, and secondly to investigate the quality of the interpreted product delivered by the interpreters at these hospitals, whether on an ad hoc basis or as professionally trained interpreters. The outcomes of the quality of the interpreted product, measured against a quality table, were compared with the attitudes of medical practitioners, interpreters and patients present in an interpreting session. This was done to determine whether the actual quality of the interpreted product took precedence over the attitudes of the role players, or vice versa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die afgelope dekade het ’n aantal studies aangedui dat ad hoc-tolkdienste steeds die norm vir die gesondheidsektor binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsektor, veral in die Wes-Kaap, word hoofsaaklik gekenmerk deur Afrikaans- en Engelssprekende dokters, of mediese praktisyns oor die algemeen, wat nie hul Xhosasprekende pasiënte verstaan nie. Om hierdie taalgaping te oorbrug, word ad hoc-tolkdienste gebruik wat gelewer word deur ’n pasiënt se familielede, verpleegsters en soms selfs portiers of skoonmakers. Omdat hierdie ad hoc-tolke geen opleiding in tolkteorie en -praktyk ontvang het nie, is hulle geneig om kommunikasie te verdraai. Dit lei daartoe dat die gesondheidsorg wat die pasiënt kry, nie na wense is nie. Die gebrek aan kwaliteit van die gesondheidsorg wat die pasiënt ontvang, hou dus direk verband met die kwaliteit van die tolkuitinge of -produk wat die tolk lewer. Ten spyte daarvan dat ad hoc-tolke meer algemeen in die gesondheidsektor gebruik word, het sommige hospitale tolke aangestel wat professioneel opgelei is om die taalgaping te verminder. As gevolg van die wisselvallige gehalte van tolking in die gesondheidsektor en taalgapings tussen mediese praktisyns en pasiënte, het die National Language Project (NLP) in 1996 22 gemeenskapstolke opgelei wat in hospitale binne die Wes-Kaap geplaas sou word. Drie van hierdie tolke is by die Tygerberg Hospitaal geplaas, drie by die Groote Schuur Hospitaal en drie by die Rooikruis Kinderhospitaal. In 2008 was daar nie meer een van hierdie tolke by die Tygerberg Hospitaal nie, een was steeds in diens by die Groote Schuur Hospitaal en twee by die Rooikruis Kinderhospitaal. In 2007 het die Groote Schuur Hospitaal ’n behoefte geïdentifiseer om tolke op te lei en binne die hospitaal te plaas omdat daar ’n taalgaping was tussen mediese praktisyns en pasiënte, asook om gesondheidsorg te optimaliseer. Hierdie persone wat opleiding ontvang het, was voorheen in diens van die hospitaal as byvoorbeeld skoonmakers. Selfs nadat hulle professionele tolkopleiding ontvang het, het hulle steeds besoldiging as skoonmakers ontvang. Buiten die twee tolke wat by die Rooikruis Kinderhospitaal in diens is, is nog ’n tolk voltyds aangestel. Sommige departemente binne die hospitaal gebruik hul eie tolke wat nie deur die hospitaal aangestel is nie. Tygerberg Hospitaal het een amptelike tolk, wat eintlik ’n verpleegassistent is, en wat hoegenaamd geen tolkopleiding ontvang het nie. Hierdie studie het dit ten doel om tolkpraktyk eerstens binne bogenoemde drie tersiêre hospitale te ondersoek, en tweedens om die kwaliteit van die tolkproduk by hierdie hospitale te ondersoek, hetsy die opleiding op ’n ad hoc- of professionele basis geskied het. Die kwaliteit van die tolkproduk, gemeet teen ’n kwaliteitstabel, is vergelyk met die sienswyses van die mediese praktisyns, tolke en pasiënte wat teenwoordig was in ’n tolksessie, om te bepaal of die kwaliteit van die tolkproduk voorkeur geniet het bo die sienswyses van die rolspelers, en omgekeerd.
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Parkinson, John. "Black Caribbean men in high secure psychiatric care : a descriptive-interpretative analysis." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248823.
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Over-representation of black men in psychiatric detention is a matter of concern. At Rampton Hospital in the nineteen nineties thirty percent of male mentally ill admissions were Black Caribbean, increasingly born in the United Kingdom. Effects of this have been recorded and discussed by inquiries into secure psychiatric care. Research into the perceptions of treatment of Black Caribbean users of mental health services has been recommended. Adopting a sociological perspective has been urged especially methods that seek to understand participants in their own terms. The present study adopts an inductive phenomenological approach to reflect the beliefs of this population; and their views concerning effects of race, illness, treatment and punishment. All consenting members of the population were interviewed and this data audiotaped and transcribed. Reflexive analysis utilised Ethnograph, a program for qualitative analysis. A classification of types of qualitative analytic theory in relation to the use of qualitative analysis programs helped define theoretical claims for the analysis. Analytic techniques based on Grounded Theory were used to develop an organising system from the reduced data. Validation of transcripts and coding included both participants and independent experts. Stage One involved four interviews; followed by revision of the interview schedule. Stage Two involved nine further interviews. This data was combined with participant feedback from validation. The organising system of clearly defined coded categories and their relationships was used in executing an analytic strategy of matrix and network displays, which enhances analytic transparency. This first produced displays and narratives for each participant; data reduction, which then supported cross-case analysis of important emerging themes and an analysis of causal streams. These streams were combined in a causal model from which propositions were derived. This research is innovative with this population and in the methods of analysis adopted. Relationships of race, beliefs, identity, treatment and punishment to mode of detention, adaptation and compartmentalisation have emerged and been examined.
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Rostam, Hajera. "Substance use counsellors’ understanding and incorporation of ethnocultural diversity factors : an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44905.
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The objective of this study was to explore how counsellors understand and incorporate ethno-cultural (EC) diversity factors in alcohol and drug (A&D) counselling, in order to glean practical information that may contribute to culturally competent and safe practices. Qualitative interviews within an Interpretive Description (Thorne, 2008) approach were conducted with 23 A&D counsellors, 4 of whom reported serving as both counsellors and supervisors. As per design, additional information rich sources were sought that included interviews with 4 participants identifying as other professionals affiliated with A&D services (program managers, directors and consultants). All participants were affiliated with the Lower Mainland, British Columbia, health authorities. Interviews were analyzed using Miles and Hubermans’ (1994) framework. Counsellors demonstrated varying levels of awareness and positions towards EC differences with conversations ranging from overemphasis on similarities to consideration of EC factors as an ethical and integral part of practice. Participants’ view of “addiction” also seemed to inform how they spoke about the relevance of EC factors in therapy. An integrated approach to A&D care revealed multiple levels of analysis and consideration of clients’ socio-cultural contexts. The addiction as a disease model, however, constructed A&D problems as universal and EC factors as secondary. The A&D organizational context included a discussion of strengths and barriers to provision of services to diverse clients. Perspectives that constructed EC differences as secondary seemed to be accompanied with limited self-reflection and examples of application into practice. On the other hand, reflexive practices embedded within social justice elements pointed to counsellors articulating specific examples of integrating EC factors in therapy. Relevant ethical dimensions as well as implications for practice, theory and research were identified.
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Muscat, Anne Carolyn. "Elite athletes' experiences of identity changes during a career-ending injury : an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24452.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate patterns of identity change in elite athletes after a career ending injury. A qualitative study examined 9 retired athletes two to five years after their international competitive experience. An interpretive description analysis involved four levels of data analysis. The first level of data analysis identified a pattern of over identification with the elite athlete role and a clear pattern of more balanced identity contrasted with a less balanced identity prior to injury. The second level of analysis described smooth versus ineffective transitions after injury. At a third level of analysis, four factors (internal resources, cognitive coping style, relational connections and continuity with sport) emerged and were associated with smooth versus ineffective/turbulent retirement experiences. Finally, at the fourth level of analysis the study found four identity styles. These four styles (termed balanced identity, lost identity, intensification of identity and living for sport identity) are congruent with descriptions of adolescent identity and suggest that, for some athletes, tasks associated with identity development are delayed until retirement from sport. A pattern of positive adaptation was also identified, indicating that over commitment to an athletic identity does not preclude normative identity development or a positive retirement transition. Athlete autonomy and confidence, as well as relationships with coach, teammates and parents, were associated with the experience of a smooth versus turbulent retirement. Implications for practice are discussed in relation to factors that could promote adaptation in the event of sport injury or sport career termination.
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Kim, Hyang-Ok Kennedy Larry DeWitt. "A descriptive analysis of errors and error patterns in consecutive interpretation from Korean into English." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9521335.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed April 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Larry Kennedy (chair), Kenneth Jerich, Marilyn Moore, Irene Brosnahan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-96) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Brisbois, Maryellen D. "Chemotherapy-Induced Premature Menopause Among Latina Women With Breast Cancer: An Interpretive Description: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2013. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/29.
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The description and interpretation of Latinas’ experience with chemotherapyinduced premature menopause from breast cancer treatment were explored in this study, which utilized an interpretive descriptive method from a feminist lens, and Knobf’s (1998, 2002) “Carrying on” theory. The specific aims of the study and the interview questions were guided by the state of the science literature. Overall, the impact of physiological effects, psychosocial effects, barriers, influencing factors that made their experience easier or harder, and how participants adjusted to a cancer diagnosis, treatment course, and menopause transition were described as bigger than the menopause experience alone. Participants also described a period of uncertainty or “ever-changing landscape” that began at the time of diagnosis and continued through survivorship. The impact of information, access to healthcare, acculturation levels, support, and a sense of control were elucidated as important factors in “working through” the experience. A range of collateral data sources were employed. Study limitations and future implications for practice, research, and health policy were demarcated.
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Redman, Kirsten. "Patient communication in an online peer-to-peer forum for atrial fibrillation : an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55186.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart arrhythmia. For people who experience symptomatic episodes, trying to identify triggers and maintain control can cause significant distress. While the sharing of personal experiences and stories occurs routinely on the Internet, the impact of having access to online AF-related information is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore anecdotal and experiential knowledge about AF created online and elucidate information and support needs from a patient perspective. I employed a non-participant, observational design to tap into a uniquely patient-centred perspective by analyzing messages on a commonly available electronic message board used by AF patients. My analysis was guided by the Interpretive Description qualitative approach, and informed by the Experiential Health Information Processing model. In my analysis, I conceptualized four component parts to describe how participants interacted on the message board to take command of their AF: 1) sharing experiences and values, 2) searching for sense, 3) managing the complexities of information, and 4) acting as a wise consumer. The results demonstrated that many of the participants entered the message board with a common sense of mistrust in the pharmaceutical industry and desired non-pharmacologic approaches to AF treatment. The opinions of lay experts on the message board, anecdotal stories, and hyperlinked Internet data were all highly valued sources of information in the messages. Notable actions described by participants included manipulating anti-arrhythmic drugs and nutritional supplements to perceived symptoms of arrhythmia and using the board to select an ablation operator. I propose that there is an unmet need in the AF population for patient education regarding non-pharmacologic approaches to AF. Further research is suggested to examine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use in the AF population and to support nurses encountering patients who present with information gained online.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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De, Jong Meagan Ashlea. "Stigma, Self-Determination And Thriving In Young Adults With Psychosis." Thesis, Fredericton: University of New Brunswick, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/35881.
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Stigma prevents individuals with serious mental illness from seeking assistance (Fung et al., 2007; Vogel et al., 2006). Self-Determination Theory (SDT) seeks to explain how individuals are motivated by environmental factors and how these elements affect their well-being (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Limited information is available about how young adults with mental illness experience stigma, and how this affects their self-determination and ability to recover. This study explores factors that facilitated recovery and thriving behaviors in nine young adults (ages 18-25) with psychosis, by using a combination of interviews and questionnaires. Findings suggest that having a variety of supports and a determination to recover facilitates high self-determination and thriving behavior in these individuals. By identifying factors that assist these individuals ability to thrive, it is anticipated that professionals will intervene with young adults experiencing psychosis more effectively.
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Grimes, Tameshia V. "Interpreting the meaning of grades: A descriptive analysis of middle school teachers' assessment and grading practices." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2076.
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This descriptive, non-experimental, quantitative study was designed to answer the broad question, “What do grades mean?” Core academic subject middle school teachers from one large, suburban school district in Virginia were administered an electronic survey that asked them to report on aspects of their grading practices and assessment methods for one class taught during the 2008-2009 school year. The survey addressed the following topics: 1) primary purposes for grades, 2) attitudes toward grading, 3) assessment method, and 4) grading practices. Additionally, the study examined the relationship between teachers’ reported assessment and grading methods and student achievement. Overall results and results disaggregated by subject area, grade level, and student ability level suggest that teachers are consistent in what they consider the primary purposes for grades. The vast majority indicated that grades should communicate student levels of mastery of content and skills. However, sizable percentages of teachers reported that they also considered non-academic indicators such as effort, attendance, and paying attention in class when determining student grades, suggesting a lack of alignment between their reported beliefs and practice. The study examined the extent to which teachers’ reported grading and assessment practices were consistent with those recommended in the literature on measurement and assessment. The study findings are consistent with those of findings from previous studies suggesting that teachers engage in “hodgepodge grading,” a practice which incorporates non-academic factors into student grades. The results also show that teachers use a variety of assessment methods and types of questions when measuring student achievement. The results indicate that projects, student exhibits, essays, inclusion of zeros, and extra credit were associated with higher levels of student achievement. Conversely, norm-referencing, classwork, participation, and matching were negatively correlated with student grades and test scores.
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Devereaux, Alana. "Public Health Nurses' Experiences during the H1N1/09 Response." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35260.
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The H1N1/09 (sub-type A) virus was declared to be a pandemic influenza on June 11th, 2009. In response, Canadian public health agencies planned mass vaccination clinics to protect the public. However, little information existed to aid in the planning of mass vaccination clinics, as they had not been used in previous pandemic flu outbreaks. This was further complicated by fear of a limited vaccine supply and nurse shortages. Public health nurses (PHNs), as the largest group of public health professionals were pivotal in implementing the mass vaccination clinics. Yet, the available evidence indicated that PHNs involvement in H1N1/09 response planning was limited and their experiences on the frontline in the mass vaccination clinics were not well understood. The purpose of this study was to give PHNs’ a voice to describe their experiences in the H1N1/09 mass vaccination clinics.
A framework based on Foucault’s concepts of knowledge, power, and resistance was developed as the theoretical lens to guide the research. Using an interpretive descriptive methodology, a purposeful sample of 23 PHNs (16 front-line immunizers, seven clinic supervisors) participated in semi-structured interviews. Four pandemic planning documents containing policies in place during the pandemic outbreak were also reviewed to provide context to participants’ experiences. Interpretive descriptive analysis was used to analyze the interviews and pandemic documents. Guba and Lincoln’s (1994) trustworthiness framework was implemented to evaluate the rigour of the study’s findings.
Two overall core themes emerged to describe participants’ experiences. The core theme ‘the necessity of knowledge’, illustrated participants’ feelings of unpreparedness entering into the H1N1/09 clinics. Limited notice of the pandemic response, uncertainties regarding the clinics’ anticipated timeframe, and a lack of knowledge on vaccination and clinic management, contributed to a loss of power in the participants’ role. In the second core theme ‘essential supports in protecting the population’, many perceived a lack of agency support when they tried to exercise power in their clinical practice. Although participants did not refuse to immunize in, or supervise, the mass vaccination clinics, participants at times did display subtle resistance. Insights gained from participants’ experiences have implications in terms of public health nursing administration, practice, research, and education. A key recommendation is to involve PHNs in future pandemic planning to optimize mass vaccination clinics’ operations. If this cannot happen, PHNs should at least be informed of the disciplinary discourse utilized to guide clinical decisions. This will help nurses be supported in their own pandemic roles and contribute to the provision of quality population care.
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Feng, Lei. "Two English translations of the Chinese epic novel Sanguo yanyi : a descriptive and functionalist study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71732.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This comparative study investigates the English translations of China’s first novel, Sanguo yanyi. The focus is firstly on describing the factors that affect the production of each of the translations and secondly on identifying and determining the approaches and strategies used by the two translators. The primary objective of the study is to gain a better understanding of literary translation between two distinctly different languages by objectively describing and analyzing the factors relevant to the production of the two translations. The secondary objective is to evaluate the two translations by using the functionalist approach to translation. To this end, the study determines which of the two translations better serves the purpose of providing South African students of Chinese with insight into and appreciation of some aspects of Chinese culture which would enhance their Chinese studies. The key theories and models that are introduced and applied are Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), which was mainly established by Gideon Toury in the 1980s and the Functionalist Approach, which was established by Vermeer and Reiss also in the 1980s and further developed by Nord. DTS focuses on pragmatic aspects, such as social, cultural and communicative practices instead of only on linguistic units. Within this framework, decisionmaking processes and translational norms of the two translators of Sanguo yanyi are examined. Three representative chapters of the source text and their translations are selected as the focus of the investigation. Furthermore, a description of the entire translation process is provided – from the translators’ original planning and agents acting as patrons of the project to the approaches and strategies that the translators are considered to have adopted in the process of translating. Within Functionalism the function of the target text in the target culture determines which aspects of the source text should be transferred to the target text. From this theoretical approach the findings regarding the translation strategies and processes in the translations of Sanguo yanyi are used to ultimately determine the extent to which the translators succeed in conveying the collective memory of some of the cultural-historical issues in China to the target texts, while at the same time making the texts accessible to Western (South African) students.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word daar ’n vergelykende ondersoek na twee Engelse vertalings van China se eerste roman, Sanguo yanyi, onderneem. Daar word eerstens gefokus op ’n beskrywing van die faktore wat die produksie van elk van die vertalings beïnvloed en daarna word die benaderings en strategieë geïdentifiseer wat deur die twee vertalers gebruik is. Die primêre doel van die studie is om ’n beter begrip van literêre vertaling tussen twee beduidend verskillende tale te verkry deur die faktore wat ’n rol in die betrokke vertaalprosesse speel op ’n objektiewe wyse te beskryf en te ondersoek. As sekondêre doelstelling word die twee vertalings binne die raamwerk van die funksionalistiese benadering tot vertaling geëvalueer. Daar word naamlik ondersoek watter een van die vertalings die beste slaag in die doel om aan Suid-Afrikaanse studente ’n dieper insig in en groter waardering vir sekere aspekte van die Chinese kultuur te verskaf ten einde hulle studie van die Chinese taal aan te vul. Die belangrikste teorieë en modelle wat gebruik word, is deskriptiewe vertaalstudie (DTS), wat as navorsingsrigting binne vertaling hoofsaaklik deur Gideon Toury in die tagtigerjare gevestig is, en funksionalisme, wat ook in die tagtigerjare deur Vermeer en Reiss ontwikkel is en later deur Nord uitgebrei is. DTS fokus op pragmatiese aspekte soos sosiale, kulturele en kommunikatiewe praktyke eerder as bloot op linguistiese eenhede, en die besluitnemingsprosesse en vertaalnorme van die twee vertalers van Sanguo yanyi word binne hierdie raamwerk ondersoek. Drie verteenwoordigende hoofstukke van die bronteks en hulle vertalings word as die fokus van die ondersoek gebruik. Verder kom ’n bespreking van die vertaalprosesse in die geheel aan bod – vanaf die vertalers se aanvanklike beplanning en agente wat as patronate van die projek optree tot die resepsie en invloed van die doeltekste in die Engelssprekende wêreld. Binne die funksionalisme bepaal die funksie van die doelteks binne die doelkultuur watter aspekte van die bronteks na die doelteks oorgedra word. Vanuit hierdie teoretiese benadering word die bevindinge rakende die vertaalstrategieë en –prosesse in die vertalings van Sanguo yanyi gebruik om uiteindelik te bepaal in watter mate die vertalers daarin slaag om die herinnering aan kultuurhistoriese kwessies in China in die doeltekste behoue te laat bly en die tekste terselfdertyd vir Westerse (Suid-Afrikaanse) studente toeganklik te maak.
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Williams, Meris Andrée Lineham. "The ethics experiences of eating disorder therapists who have a personal history of an eating disorder : an interpretive description." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39511.
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The study’s purpose was to explore and understand the professional ethics experiences of eating disorder (ED) therapists with personal ED histories, in order to generate knowledge directly applicable to maximizing such therapists’ safe and ethical practice with ED clients. Using the interpretive description qualitative approach to inquiry, data from interviews with 11 ED therapists with personal ED histories and from 2 first-person, published written accounts were analyzed inductively at manifest and latent content levels. From this emerged a description of the ethical issues and concerns reported (the ‘ethics terrain’), as well as of the interviewees’ experiences of engaging in conversation about the research topic, and their ethical self-reflections and practice changes that occurred over the course of data collection. Additional interpretation of these descriptive findings produced patterns, concepts, and ideas contributing to a more integrative understanding of participants’ ethics experiences that enhanced the clinical applicability of the study’s findings and had direct implications for practice. Among the recommendations directed towards ED-historied therapists, professionals involved in the education and training of such therapists, and the broader EDs field that emerged from this exploratory study were that ED-historied therapists receive early and ongoing training and supervision that addresses the full range of ethical issues likely to be encountered by them when delivering therapy to ED clients, including those associated with their personal ED histories. Particular attention to therapist wellness and self-disclosure practices may be warranted, as these may be associated with early career/early-in-recovery ethical vulnerabilities that could increase risk of harm to ED clients. However, there appear to be significant risks for ED-historied therapists in disclosing their ED histories in professional environments and in discussing related ethical issues. Safe climates that foster ‘positive ethics experiences’ for such therapists may facilitate their engagement with the full range of ethical issues relevant to them so that they can maximize their safe and ethical practice with ED clients.
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McNamee-Clark, Catherine. "Using interpretive description to explore and evaluate the Providence Health Care goals of care companion card : the clinicians' expreriences." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45434.
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End of life conversations are challenging in all health care settings, and health care providers’ (HCPs) fears about holding end of life conversations are a barrier to quality patient centred care. This study explored HCPs’ experiences using a conversation “companion card” to structure end of life discussions and sought to understand HCPs’ experiences with goals of care (GOC) conversations.
A theoretical perspective of relational ethics and a research methodology of Interpretive Description (ID) guided this research study. The methodology produced a qualitative description of experiences from a sample of HCPs.
Over a two month period, the researcher gathered data during four semi-structured focus groups with twenty one participants at one urban acute care setting in Western Canada. In addition to focus groups the researcher relied on other processes to enhance her reflexivity, including journaling and memos; all of which are essential to ID inquiry.
The findings of this study centre around four themes relating to participants’ experiences discussing GOC and the usefulness of the companion card in discussions. These themes are titled, the big struggle; responsibility; building relationships and the utility of the GOC companion card. Recommendations from this study addressed the need for research into the ethics of discussing GOC with patients and families with life limiting illnesses; organisational prioritisation ensuring therapeutic GOC discussions take place; incorporation of GOC discussions in educational programs across all health care sectors; and policy reform to ensure community care services can support ongoing GOC conversations.
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Furniaux, Jan. "Lost without translation : understanding restrictive intervention management for people with dementia in a mental health setting : an interpretive description." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126837/.
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Background: Dementia is characterised by a set of symptoms that affect the functioning of the brain. It is estimated that there are 850,000 people living with dementia in the UK and 46 million people worldwide – more than 60% of whom are women. In the UK, approximately one third of people with dementia live in care settings where staff may apply restrictive interventions guided by legislative frameworks. Aim: To understand the management of restrictive intervention practice by mental health workers in an acute mental health setting for people with dementia. Methods: An interpretive descriptive study was undertaken. Vignettes were developed using evidence based literature, case law and practice guidance and used to frame semi-structured interviews. Mental health workers and practice leaders were purposively sampled and interviewed from an English NHS Foundation Trust which provides mental health services across two counties. Thematic analysis of data was undertaken which followed six phases and utilised NVIVO-10. Results: Four key themes were identified: 1) legislation, 2) policy, 3) training and supervision and 4) person-centred restrictive intervention practice. Discussion: Practice leaders are able to translate knowledge from legislation to frame restrictive intervention policy, practice guidance and training content for mental health workers. Mental health workers can then deliver restrictive intervention practice based on person-centred care principles although specific characteristics such as gender may not be acknowledged as shaping a person’s experience of dementia. A ‘Model of Translated Ways of Knowing’ was developed that demonstrates the knowledge journey from legislation to practice. Conclusions: Restrictive intervention practice can be enabled when legislation, case law, research and national policy are translated into an accessible format for mental health workers. Translated knowledge can then facilitate person-centred restrictive interventions for people with dementia.
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Burns, A. Jane. "An interpretive description of the patterns of practise of arts therapists working with older people who have dementia in the UK." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2009. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7398.
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In recent years there has been growing interest in arts therapy work with older people who have dementia. This has happened despite a paucity of UK research and writing on the aims of practice. Furthermore, there is little knowledge about the professional background of practitioners, the client group, care settings, theories and methods underpinning their work. This qualitative mapping study employs a methodology from nursing called interpretive description (Thorne et al. 2004). Interpretive description advocates a pluralistic approach for understanding the complex dialogue between clinical and research knowledge. The research design involved thirty-one semi-structured interviews with arts therapists from art therapy, music therapy, dramatherapy and dance movement therapy, participant observations of thirteen care settings and formal and informal interviews with ten medical/care staff who work with the arts therapists. The descriptive map was analysed using template analysis (King, 1998) and was interpreted using an integrative interpretive analysis (Heidegger, 1927; Smith et al.1999) The findings suggest that many arts therapists are pioneers in terms of being the first from their profession to work in the care setting. Issues around the arts therapists being unheard and staying unheard relate to their newness within these established settings. In terms of therapy work, theory and practice were being adapted in order to accommodate the temporal nature of the work. Despite distinctions in the art form, the study found that there is reciprocity of experience in terms of the arts therapists’ feelings about the work and some in-session practices. These united the disciplines beyond the norms of mainstream practice.
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Babault, Sophie. "Contacts de langues et dynamique socio-langagière à Madagascar : approche descriptive et interpretative des usages du français chez les lycéens français." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL377.
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L'analyse des deux dernières grandes actions de politique linguistique et éducative malgaches - malgachisation dans les années 70 puis relance du français quinze ans plus tard -amène à penser qu'en amont des préoccupations strictement didactiques une des clés de ces questions linguistiques repose dans la prise en compte d'une forte interaction entre le rôle du français à l'école et celui qu'il occupe dans la société. Ce constat m'a conduite à construire une problématique de recherche s'articulant, d'une part, sur une exploration de la diversité des comportements langagiers des élèves et, d'autre part, sur l'analyse des facteurs explicatifs permettant de comprendre ces comportements. J'ai pour cela envisage une configuration de causalités, basée sur les notions de représentations et d'attitudes, empruntées à la psychologie sociale la démarche méthodologique retenue est multidirectionnelle, s'appuyant tant sur des approches macrosociolinguistiques que microsociolinguistiques. L'étude des divers éléments du corpus révèle des pratiques langagières fortement hétérogènes, permettant non seulement de distinguer des profils types de locuteurs mais également de suivre, pour chaque locuteur, l'inscription des pratiques dans des schémas de communication complexes et différentiels, conditionnes, entre autres, par le statut, les compétences linguistiques, l'engagement psychologique ou affectif du locuteur ou de ses interlocuteurs. Très présent, et faisant l'objet d'une utilisation à la fois stylistique et fonctionnelle, le discours mixte constitue par ailleurs pour les élèves un moyen efficace d'optimiser leurs productions langagières en jouant sur l'ensemble de leur répertoire linguistique. Enfin, les différentes valeurs reliées à chacune des langues en présence placent leur usage au centre d'enjeux identitaires importants, donnant lieu à des positionnements individuels très divergents et conduisant dans de nombreux cas à des situations conflictuelles.
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Lam, Chou I. "A descriptive study of how culture-specific terms are glossed in a Chinese translation of Angels and Demons." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586620.
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Gariepy, Laura W. "Undergraduate Students' Attitudes About the Collection, Use, and Privacy of Search Data in Academic Libraries." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6077.
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The purpose of this study was to understand undergraduate students’ attitudes about search data privacy in academic libraries and their preferences for how librarians should handle information about what students search for, borrow, and download. This is an important area of study due to the increasingly data-driven nature of evaluation, accountability, and improvement in higher education, along with libraries’ professional commitment to privacy, which has historically limited the amount of data collected about student use. Using a qualitative approach through the lens of interpretive description, I used the constant comparative method of data collection and analysis to conduct semi-structured interviews with 27 undergraduate students at a large, urban public research institution. Through inductive coding, I organized the data into interpretive themes and subthemes to describe students’ attitudes, and developed a conceptual/thematic description that illustrates how they are formed.
Students revealed that a variety of life experiences and influences shaped their views on search data privacy in academic libraries. They viewed academic library search data as less personally revealing than internet search data. As a result, students were generally comfortable with libraries collecting search data so long as it is used for their benefit. They were comfortable with data being used to improve library collections and services, but were more ambivalent about use of search data for personalized search results and for learning analytics-based assessment. Most students expressed a desire for de-identification and user control of data. Some students expressed concern about search data being used in ways that reflect bias or favoritism. Participants had moderate concern about their library search data privacy being used by government agencies to protect public safety. Although some disagreed with the practice in concept, most did not feel that the search data would be useful, nor would it reveal much about their personal interests or selves. Students who were not comfortable with the idea of search data collection in academic libraries often held their convictions more strongly than peers who found the practice acceptable.
The results of this study suggest that academic libraries should further explore student perspectives about search data collection in academic libraries to consider how and if they might adjust their data collection practices to be respectful of student preferences for privacy, while still meeting evaluation and improvement objectives. This study achieved the intended purpose of contributing a foundational body of knowledge about student attitudes regarding search data privacy in academic libraries. It positions librarian-researchers to develop studies that further this line of inquiry in an area that has significant implications for both user privacy and libraries’ practices for assessment and evaluation.
Limitations of this study include its limited generalizability as a result of the qualitative research design, and the fact that it relied primarily on a convenience sampling method.
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Norinder, Maria. "Patienters erfarenheter av vård och stöd i hemmet efter att deras närstående deltagit i en intervention under pågående palliativ vård." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5264.
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Background: Patients who receive palliative home care are in need of support from their family members who take on great responsibility related to the patients’ care but who often feel unprepared for the situation. An increasing number of interventions aimed at supporting family members in palliative care have been described and evaluated. It is not known whether and how these interventions actually affect the care or support provided to the patient. It has been suggested that family members are likely to provide better support or care with positive experiences for the patients after intervention participation. However, this has not been studied from the perspective of the patients themselves. Aim: The aim is to explore patients’ experiences after their family member participates in apsycho- educational intervention during palliative care. Method: This study has a qualitative approach and interviews were conducted with eleven patients whose family members had participated in a psycho-educational intervention during palliative home care. The interviews were analyzed with interpretive description. Results: Patients’ experiences are represented by three themes: Safe at home; A facilitated and more open communication; and Feeling like a unit of care. Patients experienced that their needs were better met and that their family members became more confident at home without risking their own health. Patients felt relieved when their family member was given the opportunity to talk and reflect with others in the same situation and hoped that the intervention would contribute to a more honest communication between them and their family member. Further, it was of great importance to the patients that their family members got the attention and were confirmed and supported by the healthcare professionals. Conclusion: These findings show how an intervention targeted at family members during palliative home care also benefited the patients. The findings are therefore useful when developing support to family members in palliative care.Bakgrund: Patienter som erhåller palliativ hemsjukvård är i stort behov av stöd från sina närstående, som ofta tar ett betydande ansvar för patientens vård. Dock känner sig närstående ofta otillräckligt förberedda för situationen. Ett ökat antal interventioner som syftar till att stödja närstående i palliativ vård har beskrivits och utvärderats. Det är inte känt om eller hur dessa interventioner påverkar patienten men det har föreslagits att närstående troligtvis ger bättre vård och stöd med positiva erfarenheter för patienten. Detta har dock inte studerats från patientens perspektiv. Syfte: Att undersöka patienters erfarenheter av vård och stöd i hemmet efter att deras närstående deltagit i en intervention under pågående palliativ vård. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ utgångspunkt och är designad utifrån tolkande beskrivning. Intervjuer genomfördes med elva patienter vars närstående deltagit i ett stöd och informationsprogram under pågående palliativ hemsjukvård. Resultat: Patienternas upplevelser presenteras genom tre teman: Trygghet i hemmet, En underlättad och mer öppen kommunikation och Känsla av att vara en enhet för vård. Patienterna upplevde att deras behov blev bättre tillgodosedda, deras närstående fick mer självförtroende hemma och vården skedde utan att riskera närståendes hälsa. Patienterna kände sig lättade över att deras närstående fick en möjlighet att tala och reflektera med andra i samma situation och hoppades att interventionen skulle medföra en förbättrad och ärlig kommunikation mellan dem och deras närstående. Vidare så var det viktigt för patienterna att deras familjemedlem fick uppmärksamhet och blev bekräftade och stöttade av vårdpersonalen. Slutsats: Dessa resultat visar hur en intervention riktad mot närstående under palliativ hemsjukvård även kommer patienten till nytta. Resultatet kan bidra med kunskap för utveckling av stöd till närstående i palliativ hemsjukvård.
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Morden, Lizl. "Winged words : a descriptive and quantitative study of figurative speech in the subtitles of 7de Laan." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86394.
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Thesis (MPhil)-- Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates subtitling in 7de Laan, comparing episodes from 2007 to episodes from 2010 with a focus on figurative language. It is a quantitative, descriptive study and aims to determine the overall adequacy or acceptability of the subtitles, the translation strategies used, how figurative language and language varieties are translated and compares findings from 2007 to those of 2010 to establish whether there has been a change in approach over this period. The source text, 7de Laan, is discussed in Chapter 1, which also outlines how the study will proceed, the research problem and the research questions. Chapters 2 and 3 are the literature review of the relevant theories. Chapter 2 covers Descriptive Translation Studies and the translation of figurative language. The challenges particular to subtitling, specifically the constraints of the medium, are discussed in Chapter 3. The following two chapters are the analysis and each begins with the methodology used for that analysis. Chapter 4 is a macrolevel analysis of the corpus and determines the acceptability/adequacy of the subtitles, their governing translation norms and analyses the translation strategies used. More specific questions are answered in Chapter 5, which analyses the translation of figurative language, the representation of language varieties in the subtitles and the influence catering for a hearing-impaired audience has on translation decisions. The findings indicate that the subtitles of 7de Laan are mostly acceptable and that acceptability increases in 2010. The translation strategies used and their frequency of usage are similar over the years. However, there are slight changes: in 2010 there is less literal translation, more omission and fewer figurative-specific translation strategies are used. The findings further show that there is less figurative language in the subtitles in 2010. Additionally, there is a tendency of levelling out figurative language in both years which increases in 2010. The analysis of language varieties indicates that for sociolects, age markers influence the subtitles more than race markers do. Idiolects are rendered but how much of an idiolect is rendered depends on its markers. The analysis also finds that subtitling for hearing-impaired audiences is a significant factor in the translation process over and above the spatiotemporal constraint of subtitling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die onderskrifte van 7de Laan. Dit vergelyk episodes van 2007 met episodes van 2010 en fokus op figuurlike taalgebruik. Die ondersoek is kwantitatief en beskrywend en wil die algehele geskiktheid (adequacy) of aanvaarbaarheid (acceptability) van die onderskrifte vasstel, asook die vertaalstrategieë wat gebruik is en die wyse waarop figuurlike taal en taalvariëteite vertaal word. Die bevindinge van 2007 word vergelyk met dié van 2010 om vas te stel of die vertaalbenadering in die tydperk verander het. Die bronteks, 7de Laan, word in hoofstuk 1 bespreek, wat ‘n oorsig gee oor hoe die studie verloop, die navorsingsprobleem en die navorsingsvrae. Hoofstuk 2 en 3 is die literatuurstudie van die relevante teorieë. Hoofstuk 2 dek beskrywende vertaalstudies (Descriptive Translation Studies) en die vertaling van figuurlike taal. Die probleem eie aan onderskrifte, veral die beperkings in die vertaalproses, word in hoofstuk 3 bespreek. Die volgende twee hoofstukke bestaan uit die ontleding en elke hoofstuk begin met die metodologie wat gebruik is vir daardie ontleding. Hoofstuk 4 is ‘n makrovlakontleding van die korpus en bepaal die geskiktheid/ aanvaarbaarheid van die onderskrifte, oorheersende norme en ontleed die vertaalstrategieë wat gebruik is. Meer spesifieke vrae word in hoofstuk 5 beantwoord, wat betref die vertaling van figuurlike taal, die oordra van taalvariëteite in die onderskrifte en die invloed van die inagneming van gehoorgestremde kykers op vertaalbesluite. Die bevindinge dui aan dat die onderskrifte van 7de Laan meestal aanvaarbaar is en dat aanvaarbaarheid in 2010 toegeneem het. Die vertaalstrategieë en die frekwensie van die gebruik daarvan het oor die jare nie veel verander nie. Daar is egter klein veranderings: in 2010 is daar minder letterlike vertalings, meer weglatings en minder vertaalstrategieë wat spesifiek op figuurlike taalgebruik gemik is. Die bevindings dui ook aan dat daar minder figuurlike taal in die 2010-onderskrifte is. Die ontleding van taalvariëteite toon dat, ten opsigte van sosiolekte, ouderdommerkers ‘n groter invloed op onderskrifte het as rasmerkers. Idiolekte word wel verteenwoordig, maar die mate daarvan word deur die idiolek se merkers bepaal. Die ontleding dui ook aan dat onderskrifte wat gerig is op gehoorgestremde kykers, ‘n groot faktor in die vertaalproses is, benewens die tydruimtelike beperking van onderskrifte as sodanig.
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Quosdorf, Ashley. "Connecting with Adolescent Mothers: Perspectives of Hospital-Based Perinatal Nurses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38838.
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Background: Adolescents are more likely to be dissatisfied with perinatal care than adults. Adolescents’ perspectives of their perinatal care experiences have been explored; however, there are few studies exploring adolescent-friendly inpatient care from nurses’ perspectives.
Purpose: To explore adolescent-friendly care from the perspective of hospital-based adolescent-friendly perinatal nurses.
Research Questions: (1) How and why do perinatal nurses in inpatient settings adapt their practice when caring for adolescents? (2) What are the individual nursing behaviours and organizational characteristics of adolescent-friendly care in inpatient perinatal settings, from the perspective of perinatal nurses?
Methods: I report the qualitative component of a mixed methods study. Open-ended interviews were conducted with twenty-seven purposively-sampled expert nurses. Data were analyzed using Interpretive Description.
Findings: Nurses described being mother-friendly to adolescents by being nonjudgmental, forming connections, individualizing care, and employing behavioural strategies that facilitate relationship-building.
Implications: These findings will inform the development of interventions to facilitate connections between nurses and adolescent mothers.
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El, Aamraoui Naima. "Närståendes upplevelser av närståendesamtal inom specialiserad palliativ slutenvård." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6453.
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Bakgrund: Den palliativa vården syftar till att förbättra livskvalité för patienter och närstående och erbjuda dem stöd. Stöd till närstående kan ske på olika sätt, där god kommunikation är av betydelse för att minska oklarheter. Inom den palliativa vården förekommer det en rad samtal och ett av dem är närståendesamtalet som är ett kliniskt verktyg för att kommunicera med närstående. Forskning beskriver närståendesamtalet som användbart för vårdpersonal för att förmedla information och planera vården. Det finns ett behov av mer forskning som inriktar sig på närståendes perspektiv och undersöker vilken stödjande funktion samtalet kan ha. Syfte: Att beskriva närståendes förväntningar och upplevelser av ett närståendesamtal under pågående vårdtid. Metod: Studien har en explorativ design, där närståendesamtalet utforskas för att få ny kunskap. Femton individuella intervjuer genomfördes med närstående efter att de har deltagit i ett närståendesamtal inom specialiserad palliativ sluten vård. Intervjuerna transkriberades Verbatim och analyserades genom Sally Thone tolkande beskrivning. Resultat: Närståendes förväntningar och upplevelser presenteras utifrån fyra mönster som är närståendes behov av att få en förståelse av situationen, faktorer som kan inverka på upplevelsen av närståendesamtalet, närståendes situation och behov av stöd och till sist närståendes råd och förslag till förbättring av närståendesamtalet. Närståendes förväntningar inför närståendesamtalet grundar sig i en ovisshet och en främmande situation. Deras upplevelser av samtalet är avhängigt av en rad aspekter och resulterar i ett behov av att individanpassa närståendesamtalet. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras till viss del utifrån den teoretiska referensramen delaktighet i ljuset, delaktighet i mörkret. Närståendes medverkan i forskningen lyfts fram och diskuteras likaså ”insider forskningen” när studien genomförs inom den egna verksamheten.Background: The palliative care aims to improve the quality of life for patients as well as their families, and to offer them support. Family members can be supported in several ways, where good communication is important to reduce uncertainties. In the course of palliative care, there will be held multiple conversations and one of these is the family conversation which is a clinical tool to communicate with the family members. Research describes this conversation as useful for healthcare professionals to relay information and planning care. There is a need for more research focused on the perspective as seen from the family members and which can further investigate which supporting function the conversation can have.Purpose: To describe family members´ expectations and experiences of a family conversation during the ongoing palliative care. Method: The study has an explorative design, where the family conversation is explored to reveal new knowledge. Fifteen individual interviews were conducted with family members after they had participated in a family conversation within specialist palliative inpatient care. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Sally Thone's interpretive description. Results: The family members´ expectations and experiences are presented on the basis of four patterns: family members´ need to get an understanding of the situation, factors that may affect the experience of the family conversation, family members´ situation and need of support and finally family members´ councils and suggestions for the improvement of the family conversation. Family members´ expectations prior the conversation are based in an uncertainty and an unfamiliar situation. Their experiences of the family conversation were highly individual and depend on several aspects, which results in a need to individualise and adapt the conversation on the unique situation. Discussion: The result is to a certain degree discussed with the basis in the theoretical reference framework participation in the light, participation in the darkness. Family members´ involvement in research is emphasised and discussed as well as "insider research" when the study is conducted within the frame of the own setting.
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Carlander, Ida. "Me-ness and we-ness in a modified everyday life close to death at home." Doctoral thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Enheten för forskning i palliativ vård, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1207.
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The overarching aim of this thesis was to describe how family members experienced everyday life with life-threatening illness close to death, with focus on self-image and identity. The thesis comprises four papers, each with a specific aim to illuminate various aspects of the phenomenon under study. The study population consisted of 29 participants; ten family caregivers and five families, including five patients with life threatening illness and their family members. Data were based on retrospective single interviews (paper I), prospective individual, couple and group interviews with the families over six to eighteen month (papers II-III). Interpretive description approach (papers I, II, IV), narrative method (paper III) and secondary analysis (paper IV) were used to analyze data. The findings show how living close to death influences everyday life at home, at several levels (papers I-IV). From the perspective of the dying person, narrations of daily situations was described by four themes related to identity and everyday life; inside and outside of me, searching for togetherness, my place in space and my death and my time. The changing body, pain, fatigue, decreased physical capacity and changed appearance, appeared to influence the dying person’s need for altered knowledge and community, and as a result the patterns of interaction within the families changed. The strive for knowledge and community took place at home, an arena for identity work and the conscious search for meaning, knowledge and community; it was limited by time and inevitable death (paper III). For the family member, life close to death can mean sharing life with a changing person in a changing relationship (paper II). It may mean that everyday life needs to be modified in order for it to work (papers I-IV). New patterns of dependence and an asymmetrical relationship affect all involved (papers III-IV). Daily life close to death is about finding the space to promote the individual self-image, me-ness, at the same time as finding new ways of being a family; we-ness (paper II). Regardless of being the ill person or not, the family members we interviewed had to face impending death, which challenged earlier ways of living together (papers I-IV). From the perspective of the relatives, the everyday life of caring for the dying family member was characterized by challenged ideals, stretched limits and interdependency (paper I). Situations that challenged the caregivers’ self-image were connected to intimacy, decreasing personal space and experiences such as “forbidden thoughts”. The findings suggest that the bodily changes were of importance for the self-image, and that the former approach to the own body was important in the process of experiencing the body. The person living close to death was in transition to something new; being dead in the near future. One way of handling the struggles of everyday life was to seek togetherness, strive to find other persons with similar experiences while sharing thoughts and feelings. Togetherness was sought within the family, in the health care system and on the internet; a sense of togetherness was also sought with those who had already died. The other family members were also in transition as the future meant living on without the ill family member and changing their status to for example being a widow or being motherless. Identity work close to death denotes creating an access ramp into something new; a transition into the unknown. From a clinical perspective, this study emphasizes the significance of creating a climate that allows caregivers to express thoughts and feelings.
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Nkulu, Kalengayi Faustine. "A world on the move : challenges and opportunities for hiv/aids and tuberculosis care and prevention among vulnerable migrant populations in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-67636.
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Background: Migration is a global phenomenon that characterize today’s globalized world. Although, the relationship between migration and health in the host countries is not always negative, many countries, including Sweden are concerned about possible spread of infectious diseases of public health significance such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). Moreover, apart from disease profiles, migrants also have different socio-cultural backgrounds, which may challenge health care access and provision. Objectives: To investigate, identify, and delineate potential challenges of relevance in the care and prevention of communicable diseases of public health significance in general and particularly HIV/AIDS and TB among migrants from countries where these infections are endemic, and eventually generate knowledge that could inform policies and practice. Methods: Data for this thesis were collected in four of the five counties of the Northern region in Sweden. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used including a survey of 268 migrant students in two language schools (I & II); an interview study with 10 care providers caring for patients with migrant backgrounds and observations of care encounters (III) and an interview study with 15 care providers experienced in screening migrants (IV). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to summarize survey data whereas a thematic analysis approach was applied to the qualitative data within the interpretive description framework. Results: The students scored on average low on both HIV/AIDS and TB knowledge and displayed misconceptions and negative attitudes towards the two diseases and infected/sick persons. Knowledge level and attitude could be predicted by prior knowledge, years of previous education and geographic origin. In contrast, no association was found between being screened and the level of TB knowledge or attitude towards TB and infected/sick persons. However, fear of being deported appeared to be the main predictor of reluctance to seek HIV/AIDS care after controlling for socio-demographic factors, knowledge level, stigmatizing attitudes and fear of disclosure. Health care providers described complex and intertwined challenges that influenced both care delivery and receipt. The challenges described included language, the socio-cultural diversity within migrant groups and between migrants and the caregivers. These often resulted in divergent perceptions and expectations about care and caring. The participants highlighted the complexities of caring for diverse patients within different institutions with conflicting policies and frameworks. They also described the difficulties the migrants face in navigating the Swedish care system. Conclusions: This thesis illuminates complex challenges in the care of migrants. The findings emphasize the need for multilevel strategies in order to remove identified barriers. This requires accommodating diversity by improving care providers’ cultural competence and migrants’ health literacy. It further requires policies and practices that emphasize health services responsiveness in order to provide equal access and equitable care. Finally, it entails revisiting existing policies and legislative frameworks to promote a change in ways of thinking about and approaching migration, HIV/AIDS and TB issues, to address the specific vulnerabilities of mobile populations in a world on the move.
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Wallin, Viktoria. "Närståendes erfarenheter av att leva med en svårt sjuk partner som fått konstgjord näring i livets slutskede :." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1365.
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Bakgrund: Vid palliativ vård i hemmet förändras tillvaron såväl för den sjuke som för de närstående. Den sjuke har ofta svårt att äta vanlig mat och kan behöva tillförsel av konstgjord näring. Närstående kan uppleva ett stort ansvar för den sjukes näringsintag när han eller hon vårdas hemma. Adekvat näringsintag är av betydelse för det fysiska välbefinnandet. Men vad vi äter påverkar också livskvalitet i social, kulturell och psykologisk bemärkelse. Tillgänglig forskning om hur det kan vara att leva med någon som är beroende av konstgjord näring i relation till svår sjukdom har i stor utsträckning ett biomedicinskt perspektiv och fokus på praktiskt handhavande och tekniska problem relaterade till näringsbehandlingen. Syfte: Att få ökad kunskap om närståendes erfarenheter av att ha delat vardagen med en partner som fått konstgjord näring i livets slutskede. Metod: Kvalitativ induktiv ansats med datainsamling genom öppna enskilda intervjuer. Datainsamling/databearbetning genomfördes med tolkande beskrivning. Resultat: I resultatet har tre övergripande teman och dess inneboende variationer identifierats; situationer kring mat och näring skapar delaktighet och utmanar; strävan efter vardaglighet genom måltider i en förändrad tillvaro; näring skapar förhandlingsutrymme med döden. Den konstgjorda näringen skapade en trygghet för de närstående, både som en försäkran om en fortsatt existens och genom den kontinuerliga kontakt med hemsjukvårdsteamet som näringsbehandlingen medförde. Personerna i studien beskrev positiva aspekter av att vara delaktiga i vården av den sjuke, men också känslor av maktlöshet och skuld inför att inte lyckas överskrida den sjukes svårigheter att äta och dricka. I den förändrade tillvaron kunde de närstående personerna finna det goda men de upplevde också ett främmandeskap inför sin sjuka partner. I situationen kunde näringsintaget utgöra ett existentiellt hot eller hopp. Slutsats och diskussion: Resultatet illustrerar hur komplex situationen att leva med en svårt sjuk partner som i livets slutskede har svårt att äta och behöver tillskott av konstgjord näring, kan upplevas. Personernas erfarenheter var varierande och det kan antas vara av betydelse att vårdpersonal har stor öppenhet för hur den förändrade vardagen upplevs för varje enskild närstående. En öppen och ömsesidig dialog kring ätsvårigheter och konstgjord näring kan vara av stor betydelse för de närståendes förmåga att hantera vardagen med den sjuke.
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Brackney, Dana Elisabeth. ""Knowing Where I Am At": The Experience of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose for People with Non-Insulin-Requiring Type 2 Diabetes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1727.
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Eleven participants living with non-insulin-requiring Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) discussed their self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) experience. All had been recently diagnosed (< 2 years) and treated for diabetes with a self-regulating SMBG guideline for primary care practice. Their digitally-recorded interviews and photographed logbooks were analyzed thematically and interpreted through the lens of numeracy literature to answer 2 questions: 1. What is the meaning of SMBG among people with non-insulinrequiring T2DM? 2. How do people with non-insulin-requiring T2DM perceive the function of SMBG in diabetes self-management? The meanings of SMBG were patient competence, "It is easy, just a little pin prick"; patient control, "I can control it. It doesn't control me"; and patient security, "It is not that way anymore." Three periods of lived time were observed: Diagnosis "The numbers say I have diabetes"; "I just can't figure out why it does that"; and Routine "I make my numbers." Prominent numeracy functions emerged by time period. During Diagnosis primary numeracy functions included comparing SMBG results to target values. Participants expressed this experience as, "I am some kind of O.K." During applied numeracy functions included taking medication correctly. SMBG readings were experienced as a clue to the diabetes mystery, sometimes confusing the participants, "I just don't know why it does what it does," or answering questions, "Now there is no question marks." Numbers motivated some people for action "The numbers get me out a walking" or restraint "If I didn't have the numbers, I would be tempted to cheat." During Routine interpretive numeracy functioned to aid the evaluation of the efficacy of participant's health behavior change. Numbers had taken on meaning helping a person to "know where I am at." Clinical implications are suggested including adjustments to the selfregulating SMBG guideline for primary care practice. Findings are discussed in relation to personal knowledge processes (Sweeny, 1994) and related SMBG research. Participants concluded that routine SMBG is essential to maintaining and restraining health behavior. This study provides a model for use of SMBG in diabetes selfmanagement and patient perspectives on SMBG during the 2 years following T2DM diagnosis.
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Shivers, Sean Alexander. "Utilizing Food Safety Knowledge in Comprehensive Patient Care Among Harlem Hospital Physicians." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7746.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), people throughout the world become sick every year from consuming contaminated foods, which impacts countries’ socioeconomic development, straining their healthcare system, travel and tourism, and foreign trade markets. To help alleviate the impact foodborne illness (FBI) has on society, scholars suggest physicians incorporate food safety in their standard work practice. The purpose of this study was to determine if Harlem Hospital physicians utilized food safety knowledge in comprehensive patient care with a diagnosis of FBI, in addition to how physicians passed this food safety information onto the patient. A qualitative methodology using an interpretive description approach was used to determine 52 physicians' utilization of food safety accompanied by Slotnick four-stage theory of physician’s learning as the study’s theoretical foundation. The study found that Harlem Hospital medicine and ICU physicians were more knowledgeable in FBI than other hospital physicians, and even though physicians’ definitions of FBI were different, all physicians' answers corresponded with the behaviors of clean, separate cook and chill. The research concludes Harlem Hospital physicians know how to diagnose and treat patients with FBI, and physicians acquired their knowledge of food safety through multiple resources. The study also found the physicians do not always include food safety in comprehensive patient care. However, all physicians agreed patients should be educated in food safety to prevent its reoccurrence. When physicians provide education at the bedside, this may help increase patient awareness in food safety, reducing hospital readmission rates, leading to a positive social change.
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Stefani, Mario Antonio. "Proposta de linguagem geradora de imagens em impressoras de página." Universidade de São Paulo, 1990. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54132/tde-15052009-114750/.
Full textAbstract:
Uma compacta linguagem descritora de páginas, destinada a impressoras não-impacto de estrutura raster é apresentada. Tal linguagem foi implementada usando o processador gráfico TMS4010, da Texas Instruments e possui uma estrutura muito similar à encontrada nas linguagens interpretativas encadeadas. A linguagem é totalmente modular e interativa, e se utiliza um modelo gráfico simples, visando simular as tarefas normalmente encontradas nas artes tipográficas. São efetuadas comparações com outras linguagens comerciais, visando avaliar suas possibilidades. Uma pequena introdução à tecnologia das impressoras laser é apresentada.A small Page description language intended for raster non-impact printers is presented. The language is implemented using the Texas Instruments TMS4010 Graphics system processor and its structure is similar that encountered in threaded interpretative languages. The language is fully modular and interactive, and uses a simple graphic model to simulate the same common tasks encoutered in typographical arts. Comparison are made with other comercial languages to perform some evaluations on its possibilities. A small introduction on the laser printer technology is presented.
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Li, Boya. "Translating Feminism in 'Systems': The Representation of Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the Chinese Translation of Our Bodies, Ourselves." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37813.
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This thesis examines the trans-border circulation and production of feminist knowledge through translation. More specifically, my research focuses the translation of the U.S. women’s health book, Our Bodies, Ourselves, by a Chinese feminist NGO in 1998. My dissertation studies the social, cultural and political aspects of feminist translation, and examines the relation between translation and feminist praxis. Through the lens of gender and (feminist) health politics in 1990s China, I examine how the 1998 Chinese translation conveys the book’s message about how women should relate to their bodies.
Set in the context of Chinese society opening up during the late 1970s, my research outlines the emergence of gender awareness in China with the influx of translated feminist texts, especially in the realm of women’s health research. Medical discourses were then assigned a privileged position in the studies of women’s sexual and reproductive health. However, with increased communications between Chinese and foreign feminists, Chinese women scholars developed new ideas around women’s sexual and reproductive health. The Chinese translation of OBOS addresses the lack of gender awareness in local discussions about women’s health.
With a multi-method study, I emphasize the social and linguistic dimensions of translating a feminist health project into post-reform China. This study is based on both interview and comparative textual analysis data. Using feminist translation theories, I examine how the Chinese translators handled the book’s presentation of women’s sexuality and reproductive health. This thesis also highlights the constraints on translating feminism from the local context. This raises questions about the power of (feminist) translation, and emphasizes the need to examine the social-political context of translation practices.
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Emami, Mohammad. "The dynamics of literary translation : a case study from English to Persian." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5955.
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This thesis aims to elucidate the translation process by devising a way of retrieving evidence of this process from its output. It further aims to assess the claims made by some scholars concerning the possible existence of Translation Universals. In order to isolate the interaction of texts and contexts, a corpus of American short stories was created, with their translations into Persian published after the 1979 Revolution. Three complementary methodologies gave a rounded picture: (1) Corpus-based Descriptive Translation Studies; (2) The pragmatic and rhetorically-based approach of Thinking Translation devised at St Andrews; and (3) The analytical framework mostly established by Halliday in his Systemic Functional Grammar. Approaching the process of translation in the specific order devised in this thesis provided four vantage points to analyse the data in a systematic way from linguistic, discourse, cultural and literary views before reaching what are at once the most personal and most characteristic aspects of a translator's work. The research begins with a literature review of the field and an account of linguistic constraints and of all Translation Universals hypothesised so far, followed by an extensive analysis of data in two consecutive chapters. With reference to the choices made in this corpus, it is discussed in the Conclusions chapter that most of the Translation Universals so far claimed are not in fact universal. It is the role of the translator which has emerged as the determining factor in producing a translated text, and thus as the key to resolving the issues explored in this thesis. It seems there are no constraints beyond the translator's reach, and there are no parameters which do not involve the translator, who introduces his or her own choices, or manipulates certain parameters. Only when they have done so, will the translation, as both process and product, be accomplished.
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Spinola, Caroline Sartorello. "A Índia de Octavio Paz: uma leitura de vislumbres da Índia a partir da Otredad, da narrativa de viagem e da tradução cultural." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21191.
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This study intends to understand the India translated and presented by Octavio Paz in In light of India. Also seeks to detect the image of México and of Latin America that emerges from the book in contrast with the Indian culture. In the book is possible to identify two different journeys: an internal journey that the mexican poet does inside himself and Mexico is his destine and starting point; and the actual journey that Paz makes to India. Thus, this study means to organize and deepen some key concepts of Paz’s works (as otredad, temporalities, poetic language, love) found not only in In light of India as in different essays of Octavio Paz
Este projeto de pesquisa pretende apreender a Índia traduzida e apresentada por Octavio Paz em seu livro Vislumbres da Índia: um diálogo com a condição humana. Pretende também detectar a visão do México e da América Latina que emerge do livro, contrastada com a cultura indiana. No livro, é possível identificar duas viagens: uma viagem externa, aquela que Paz realiza à Índia; e uma viagem interna, em que o México é o seu destino e ponto de partida. A partir desses olhares cruzados – e por meio de um recorte temático – a pesquisa buscará sistematizar e aprofundar alguns conceitos chaves da obra paziana (otredad, temporalidade, linguagem poética, amor, corpo) encontrados não apenas em Vislumbres da Índia como em outros livros de sua produção ensaística