Academic literature on the topic 'Interrogation indirecte'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interrogation indirecte"
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Lazare, Konan N'Guessan. "L'EXPRESSION DU SUBJONCTIF ET DE L'INTERROGATION INDIRECTE DANS LE FRANÇAIS EN CÔTE D'IVOIRE : DÉFI OU INCAPACITÉ." Studii de gramatică contrastivă / Studies in Contrastive Grammar, no. 37 (July 30, 2022): 28–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6911914.
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<em>L’aspect du subjonctif et de l’interrogation indirecte en Côte d’Ivoire, rentre dans le cadre général de la problématique de l’appropriation de la langue française en Afrique francophone. Le constat d’une différence évidente dans quelques aspects du français local, relativement au français standard, est fait depuis quelques décennies déjà qui s’est appuyé d’abord sur un problème d’incompétence linguistique avant de tendre, aujourd’hui vers une volonté manifeste de liberté vis-à-vis du français standard. Le recours à la structure normative des deux modalités en français de référence d’une part et de l’autre à la linguistique descriptive pour situer celles-ci dans le français local a permis de constater effectivement des évolutions dans la forme locale qui apparaissent aujourd’hui comme la manifestation d’un sentiment identitaire et d’une appropriation assumée. Cet article montre donc que les différences morphosyntaxiques constatées entre français standard et français local et, particulièrement, l’inconformité du subjonctif et de l’interrogation indirecte en français local par rapport à la norme loin d’être considérées comme une incapacité doivent être perçues comme un défi (défiance) qui encourage la recherche de voies autonomes dans l’expression française en Afrique</em>.
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Павлюк, О. С. "TACTICAL FEATURES OF THE SUSPECTION OF THE SUSPECT, WHO COMMITTED THE MURDER OF AN ELDERLY PERSON FOR THE PURPOSE OF OWNING IMMOVABLE PROPERTY." Juridical science, no. 1(103) (February 19, 2020): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-103-1.38.
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The issue of interrogation of persons suspected of committing serious crimes, including murder, has been considered and is being considered by many scholars. Each scientific study, directly or indirectly, analyzes the tactics of interrogation, depending on the type of crime, the conditions of its conduct, the time limits of the latter, the amount of forensic information, the purpose of the interrogation (obtaining evidence, exposing lies, in order to prevent further offenses, etc.), the sex or age of the person, social status, mental status, nationality and social affiliation, etc. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions and tactical features of the interrogation of a suspect who committed the murder of an elderly person for the purpose of taking possession of real estate, depending on the investigative stage and the identity of the suspect. The article examines the tactical features of the interrogation of a suspect who committed the murder of an elderly person for the purpose of taking possession of real estate, which is an integral part of a qualified and impartial investigation. Thus, the interrogation of a suspect in this category of criminal proceedings is usually characterized by the conflicting nature of this procedural action, so the process of establishing psychological contact is difficult. It is also difficult to choose balanced and objective tactics for investigators. The investigator’s efforts should be aimed at the confession of the interrogated at least one episode. It is desirable that this be either the first episode of the «series» or one of the last episodes, because the memory of the killer most clearly and vividly reflects the beginning and end of a criminal career. Practice shows that as soon as a suspect confesses to one murder, then after a short period of time, there is a process of confession in all other murders. The choice of tactics for interrogating the suspect largely depends on the information available to the investigator about the psychological portrait of the killer. Thus, the organized non-social type of serial killer during interrogations is focused, considering the line of defense. Can feel open respect for a competent and intelligent investigator, often «play» with him. Disorganized antisocial type of serial killer does not find understanding in society, so seeks to feel understanding and compassion.
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Nakamura, Takuya, and Christiane Marque-Pucheu. "La construction à un point X en relation avec l’exclamative en à quel point." SHS Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 12014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184612014.
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Dans cette étude préalable à une description plus générale des exclamatives en à quel point (AQP), nous examinons les distributions des SP à un point X (AUPX) comportant un déterminant indéfini. Ces derniers doivent sous-tendre AQP exclamatif (et interrogatif) selon une hypothèse présuppositionelle sur les phrases interrogatives et exclamatives mettant en jeu un élément Qu- (cf. Michaelis & Lambrecht). Nous démontrons que, contrairement à la distribution générale de quel, AQP ne possède que l’emploi exclamatif indirect, excluant l’exclamatif direct et les interrogatifs direct et indirect, ce qui va à l’encontre du jugement d’acceptabilité de linguistes comme J.-C. Milner. Les syntagmes AUPX reliés au syntagme AQP expriment exclusivement le haut degré, en raison 1) du sens lexical de « seuil/limite » que le nom point y revêt et 2) d’un paradigme de modifieurs qui exclut une variation libre, condition préalable de la question en quel. Ils peuvent être considérés comme une construction. Ces modifieurs (adjectif ou relatif), en distribution complémentaire avec une forte intonation exclamative, décrivent l’incrédulité ou l’indicibilité du locuteur, traduisant son appréciation subjective vis-à-vis du haut degré. Ils constituent souvent le prédicat principal d’une exclamative indirecte. AQP n’est alors qu’une variante syntaxique subordonnée d’AUPX.
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Pavlichenko, Larysa. "PRAGMATIC VALUES OF THE INVESTIGATOR’S LANGUAGE REPERTORY IN THE INTERROGATION DISCOURSE." Studia Linguistica, no. 17 (2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.17.100-111.
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The article considers the act-speech specifics of the investigator’s speech in conflict and competitive interactions “investigator – suspect/accused” in interrogations at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The study was based on transcripts of interrogations at police stations in the United Kingdom. The speech of the investigator as the initiator of communication and the representative of the institute is characterized by the use of both direct and indirect speech acts, devoid of personal connotations and perceived by the interviewee as typical models of communicative behaviour: indirect directives to avoid acts of direct impression, imperatives and hedge markers to mitigate directive allocation, objective with the infinitive constructions, conditional sentences, modal verbs with the function of logical inference, interrogative and negative questions. Direct acts of directives are not perceived as acts threatening the “face” of their addressee (“face-threatening acts”), but implement a direct strategy of politeness “on-record”, as it is perceived as part of the institutional requirements in the interaction of an investigator- an interrogated person. Manipulative techniques of an investigator in case of sabotage and pseudo-cooperation from an interrogated person are realized by speech acts of a directive illocutionary force with structural indicators of representatives, invective acts in the form of representatives that provoke an interlocutor to state the circumstances of the crime.
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Aborobongui, Georges Martial Embanga, Jean-Marc Beltzung, Fatima Hamlaoui та Annie Rialland. "Questions partielles en ɛmbɔ́sí (C25)". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55 (1 січня 2011): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.55.2011.406.
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L'article étudie les diverses façons de poser des questions partielles en Embosi (C25). D'une part, la langue possède deux ensembles de pronoms/déterminants interrogatifs: 1) nda/nde, nda renvoyant aux animés et nde aux non-animés, 2) des mots interrogatifs en accord de classe avec le nom qu'ils déterminent ou qu'ils remplacent, segmentalement homophones des démonstratifs. Ces deux catégories de marqueurs appellent des réponses de nature différente. Par ailleurs, deux ensembles de constructions sont possibles pour les questions partielles portant sur le sujet, l'objet direct ou indirect: les constructions avec relatives et les constructions in situ. Les questions partielles sur le lieu, la cause, la manière se posent avec des adverbes et n'admettent que les constructions in situ. Sur le plan prosodique, il n'y a ni intonation ni groupement prosodique spécifique pour les questions partielles en Embosi. Leur seule caractéristique prosodique est un ton H facultatif (variable selon les locuteurs) sur la finale du mot qui précède le mot interrogatif.
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Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad, Ahmad Rizza Firdaus, and Annisa’ Fatmayanti. "Tindak Tutur Tak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik)." Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 1 (2018): 96–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v1i1.44.
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Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act. The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is Surah Al-Kahfi. In the Surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.
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Alvarenga, Daniel Gonçalves de. "Interrogativa indireta encoberta em português." Cadernos de Linguística e Teoria da Literatura 3, no. 5 (2015): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0101-3548.3.5.119-147.
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Resumo: E comum associar-se uma interrogativa direta ou indireta a uma pergunta. Assim todos os nossos gramáticos tradicionais afirmam que uma interrogativa é uma pergunta, direta ou indiretamente formulada. O próprio uso de termos como 'pergunta direta' e 'pergunta indireta' é questionável. O que vem a ser uma pergunta direta ou indireta?
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., Lindawati. "Indonesian Interrogative Sentences: a Study of Forms and Functions." Jurnal Humaniora 28, no. 3 (2017): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v28i3.22289.
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This study examines Indonesian interrogative sentence problems by focusing on issues of forms and functions. The data used in this analysis are interrogative sentences in Indonesian language that are currently used in oral and in interethnic communication. This study used a pragmatic approach. Listening while observing (metode simak) is used at the stage of data collection. In the analysis phase, a structural analysis is used for the discussion of issues related to the form, and a contextual analysis method is used for the discussion of issues related to the function of interrogative sentence. The report was presented verbally. From the research, it can be formulated that interrogative sentences forming elements are either supra-segmental elements or segmental elements. Supra-segmental elements are intonation, and segmental elements are words, phrases, and particles. The elements were added to a clause to be the base of an interrogative sentence. Based on the response form provided by what the opponents said, interrogative sentences are grouped on the yes-no and information interrogative sentences. Yes-no interrogative sentences require an answer that contains a justification or denial of what is stated on the clause that is the basis for the formation of interrogative sentences. Information interrogative sentences require an answer in the form of explanation. In communications, interrogative sentences are uttered not only to ask something, but they are also used to express a variety of speech act. Speech act that can be expressed by the interrogative sentences of Indonesian language are representative, directive, commissive, and expressive. Interrogative sentences are sometimes used in order to speak indirectly (indirect speech) to maintain politeness or otherwise stated expressive rudely.
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Koshikbayeva, G. D., B. K. Yelikbayev, and A. O. Ybyrayim. "PERLOCATIVE PRAGMATICS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE." Tiltanym, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2024-1-80-89.
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The article analyzes the concepts of categories of direct and indirect communication in linguistics, types and features of indirect interrogative speech acts, reveals the prelocutive pragmatics of direct and indirect interrogative speech acts in the Kazakh language. Namely: if the direct meaning of interrogative sentences is getting an answer, then indirect questions are used in such functions as showing politeness, indirect posing a question, emphasizing a request, posing a question in a suspicious expression, transmitting a request with gestures, evaluation, resentment, chagrin. In a direct interrogative speech act, the illocutionary effect is expressed through the linguistic meaning of the linguistic means that make up speech, while the perlocutionary pragmatics of indirect interrogative speech acts depends on the use of language units in a figurative sense, on the background knowledge of the speaker and listener and the conditions of communication. At the same time, an indirect interrogative speech act enhances the artistic potential of the language and allows expressing various semantic shades.The study used methods of structural grammar «from form to meaning», functional grammar «from meaning to form», structural-semantic description, functional-semantic and contextual analysis, differentiation and hypothetical interpretation.The scientific and theoretical basis of the scientific conclusions obtained in the course of the study were the works on structural, communicative, functional grammar and pragmatic linguistics in linguistics. In addition, the given language examples from various sources (colloquial speech, works of poets and writers) contributed to the argumentation of scientific and practical conclusions presented in the article
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Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad. "(كلام غير مباشر في سورة الكهف (دراسة تحليلية تداولية Tindak Tutur Tidak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik)". Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, № 1 (2018): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nazhruna.v1i1.125.
Full textAbstract:
Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act.
 The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is surah Al-Kahfi. In the surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in the verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in the verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in the verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interrogation indirecte"
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Vanderlynden, Anne-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de la proposition interrogative indirecte en espagnol moderne." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040008.
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L'auteur s'attache d'abord à expliciter les liens, aussi variés que flous, existant entre la question n (phrase interrogative) et l'interrogative indirecte d'une part, et entre l'interrogative indirecte et la relative sans antécédent d'autre part. Elle étudie ensuite la syntaxe et la sémantique des prédicats nominaux, adjectivaux et verbaux qui régissent l'interrogative indirecte ainsi que quelques-uns des points caractérisant la syntaxe et la sémantique des mots interrogatifs en proposition régie. Elle examine enfin la parente qui s'établit entre l'interrogative indirecte et l'exclamative indirecte. Après avoir procédé à une mise au point théorique sur la notion de modalité exclamative, elle propose deux analyses relatives l'une à la stylistique et à la pragmatique de l'interrogative indirecte dans une pièce de Fernan-Gomez, l'autre à la stylistique de l'exclamative indirecte dans un roman de Garcia-Marquez. Le travail repose sur un corpus de 4000 séquences tirées d'une part des Materiales para el estudio del habla de Madrid, Mexico et Buenos-Aires, d'autre part, d'un ensemble de 80 textes (œuvres littératures, critiques, articles de journaux) tant espagnols qu'hispano-américains<br>First, the author clarifies the relationship existing, on the one hand between the question form (interrogative sentences) and the indirect interrogative construction and, on the other hand, between the indirect interrogative and indefinite relative clause. Then, she studies the syntax and semantics of nominal, adjectival and verbal predicates, which govern the indirect interrogative, as well as some aspect of the syntax and semantics of interrogative morphemes (wh-) in dependent clauses. Finally, she analyses the relationship which can be found between the indirect interrogative and the indirect exclamative forms, after having reviewed some of the main theoretical properties of the exclamation form, she proposes two textual applications, the first one dealing with the stylistics and pragmatics of indirect interrogative clauses in one play by Fernan-Gomez, the other one focusing on stylistics of indirect exclamative clauses in one novel by Garcia-Marquez. This work rests on a corpus of 4000 sentences drawn from Materiales para et estudio del habla de Mexico, de Madrid y de Buenos-Aires and from a set of 80 Spanish as well as Latin American texts, critical essays and journalistic articles
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Duval, Marc. "Le problème de l'interrogation indirecte totale d'après ses marques (en français, anglais et coréen) : étude contrastive et typologique." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040213.
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Ce travail porte principalement sur les morphèmes de l'interrogation indirecte totale en français, anglais et coréen. La perspective que nous adoptons associe à l'étude des morphèmes grammaticaux celle d'autres marques linguistiques, comme les faits de prosodie, l'absence ou la présence de tel ou tel matériel lexical et sa sous-catégorisation, ainsi que la combinatoire des compétences linguistiques et rhétorico-pragmatiques en œuvre dans la syntaxe de l'interrogation. Afin de dépasser la problématique proprement syntaxique du phénomène de la subordination, nous nous réferons à des travaux d'orientation pragmatique et énonciative, portant sur les actes de langage et le reformatage d'énoncés prétendument cités. Le problème de la vérité est au centre de nos préoccupations. Nous suggérons que les morphèmes de l'interrogation indirecte sont des opérateurs modaux mettant en scène la vérité et ses garants de la même façon que les prédicats mettent en scène une action et ses participants. Nous développons ainsi le concept de véridicteur, défini comme " acteur responsable de la vérité d'une proposition ". Nous insistons sur la diversité de ces acteurs et sur les points communs qu'ils partagent avec les rôles sémantiques assignés par un prédicat à ses arguments. En particulier, nous suggérons que les véridicteurs sont hiérarchiquement ordonnés, et susceptibles d'être la cible de procédures de démotion ou de prom<br>This thesis deals mainly with morphemes involved in French, English and Korean yes-no indirect questions. The perspective adopted here links the study of grammatical morphemes with that of other linguistic marks, such as prosodic features, the absence or presence of this or that lexical material and its sub-categorization, and the rhetorical/pragmatic competence displayed in the syntax of interrogation. In order to go beyond the purely syntactic problematic of clause embedding, I refer to works of pragmatic and enunciative obedience, dealing with speech acts and reformulation of what are claimed to be actual quotations. Truth is considered to be a core issue. It is proposed that morphemes used in indirect questions are modal operators staging truth and its guarantors in a way similar to the way predicates stage an action and its participants. Hence, I develop the notion of véridicteur, defined as every "actor responsible for the truth of a given proposition". Emphasis will be laid on the diversity of such actors, and on some common characteristics they share with thematic roles alloted by a predicate to its arguments. In particular, véridicteurs are supposed to be hierarchically ordered, and may be subject to promotion or demotion
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Vichos, Kriso. "Les interrogatives et exclamatives indirectes dans un corpus de pièces du théâtre moderne (1775-1914). Analyse syntaxique et analyse textométrique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA108/document.
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Cette thèse se concentre sur deux groupes bien particuliers de propositions subordonnées dont, à l'heure actuelle, les définitions sont loin de faire consensus parmi les linguistes : les propositions interrogatives et exclamatives indirectes. L’étude syntaxique et textométrique effectuée dans le cadre de cette recherche part d'un vaste ensemble d’interrogatives et d’exclamatives indirectes, prélevées de manière exhaustive au sein d'un corpus de 68 pièces du théâtre français moderne s’étalant de 1775 à 1914. Les résultats de cette recherche, largement facilitée par les apports d’outils technologiques nouveaux et variés sont présentés dans ce travail. Les deux piliers substantiels de ces structures sont étudiés de manière circonstanciée : il s’agit des verbes et des outils qui les introduisent. Afin de mener à bien cette recherche, une banque de données, appelée Theatre68 a été constituée. Elle regroupe l'ensemble des attestations des séquences interrogatives (appelées SIC) et exclamatives complexes (appelées SEC) du corpus étudié. Cette banque est accessible sur le CD-Rom qui accompagne la thèse. Des cas d’ambiguïté syntaxique (relatives sans antécédent/interrogatives indirectes) et d’ambivalence sémantique (interrogative /exclamative) sont étudiés et commentés. Enfin, l’étude s’élargit vers des constructions particulières qui peuvent servir de supports aux structures exclamatives vu leur force expressive et le degré de figement qu’elles semblent avoir atteint<br>This thesis concentrates on two particular groups of subordinate clauses: the indirect interrogative and exclamative clauses, the definitions of which, at the moment, are far from reaching a consensus among the linguists. The syntactic and textometrical study conducted for this thesis is based on a vast set of indirect interrogative and exclamative clauses, extracted from a collection of 68 theatrical plays of the modern French theater, from 1775 to 1914. The results of this research have been greatly facilitated by the contribution of new and varied technological tools (in particular the Lexico5 software). Both substantial pillars of these structures are thoroughly examined, mainly taking into account the introductive verbs and the linking words. To bring this research to a successful conclusion, a data bank, called Theatre68, was constituted. It includes all the examples of indirect interrogative and exclamative clauses and it is available on the CD-ROM attached to this thesis. Cases of syntactic ambiguity (relative/interrogative clauses) and semantic ambivalence (interrogative /exclamatory) are studied and commented upon. The study spreads upon particular constructions which can be used as supports to the exclamative structures considering their expressivity and the semi-fixed form which they seem to have reached
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Leonarduzzi, Laetitia. "La subordonnée interrogative en anglais contemporain." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597613.
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Cette thèse propose une caractérisation syntaxique et sémantique de la subordonnée interrogative en anglais contemporain en l'opposant aux autres structures proches en surface (subordonnées introduites par des mots en WH- : relatives libres, exclamatives, circonstancielles en " if ", " when " et " whether "). Cette étude passe par un examen attentif des contextes d'emploi et des termes introducteurs de chacun de ces types de subordonnées. Nous abordons également les questions suivantes : quelle définition donner à la subordination ? Comment définir l'ambiguïté et traiter les cas limite (nous exploitons ici les notions d'ambivalence et de neutralisation) ? Quel rapport existe-t-il entre interrogatives et propositions en that ? Entre exclamatives et factivité ? Comment analyser des exemples comme Tell me the time ou Tell me if it's too expensive ? Et surtout que dire de I know who came ?...
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Vialaron, Laurence. "L'expression de l'interdiction en russe moderne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3037.
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Cette thèse, consacrée à l’expression de l’interdiction en russe moderne, étudie les différents types d’énoncés prohibitifs. L’acte de langage d’interdiction correspond à un énoncé performatif et contraignant incitant au non-accomplissement d’une action perçue comme indésirable par le locuteur. Cet énoncé crée, pour l’allocutaire, une obligation qui jusque-là n’existait pas. L’expression de l’interdiction se fait à différents niveaux de communication et par des moyens linguistiques de natures diverses : pragmatique, syntaxique ou lexicale. Outre les énoncés performatifs, l’interdiction peut être exprimée par des énoncés comportant une valeur illocutoire d’interdiction, y compris par des actes de langage indirects.Si les types d’énoncés prohibitifs sont nombreux, ils ne sont pas interchangeables. D’une part, ils ne peuvent être employés indifféremment dans n’importe quel contexte et ils relèvent de niveaux de langues différents. D’autre part, les disparités existant dans la force illocutoire des différents énoncés prohibitifs ont été mises en évidence. La force illocutoire d’un énoncé prohibitif résulte du choix du type d’énoncé retenu, mais aussi des moyens linguistiques qui peuvent être employés pour le moduler.Cette étude a permis d’établir une typologie des énoncés prohibitifs. Ces énoncés peuvent se répartir en trois catégories : les énoncés qui signifient l’interdiction par exception, les énoncés habituellement prohibitifs et les énoncés invariablement prohibitifs.S’y ajoute la question de l’évolution de la langue, notamment par un effet de contamination des langues européennes. Cette évolution se traduit par le recours moins fréquent aux tournures les plus catégoriques, ainsi que par l’introduction de formules de politesse de plus en plus fréquentes<br>This thesis is dedicated to prohibitive commands in modern Russian and studies the various speech strategies expressing negative commands. Prohibitive speech acts correspond to compulsory and performative utterances urging the non-accomplishment of an action perceived as undesirable by the speaker. Due to this utterance, the addressee has no other option than compliance, which was not the case before.Prohibitive commands are expressed at various communication levels and by a wide range of linguistic means: pragmatic, syntactic or lexical.Besides performative utterances, prohibition can be expressed by utterances with a prohibitive illocutionary force, including indirect speech acts. Although negative commands can be expressed by various strategies, they are not interchangeable. On the one hand, any negative command cannot be used in all contexts and in addition, the registers are different.On the other hand, the disparities in the illocutionary force of command of the various prohibitive strategies could be established. The illocutionary force of a prohibitive command both results from the selected linguistic strategy, but also from the means of modulation that can be used.This study enabled us to establish a typology of negative commands. The latter can be displayed in three categories: utterances whose prohibitive meaning occurs exceptionally, usually prohibitive utterances and invariably prohibitive utterances. Furthermore, the evolution of the Russian language has to be taken into account, among others by a contamination effect from European languages. This evolution leads to a less frequent resort to the strongest prohibitive commands, as well as to the increasing use of politeness strategies
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Konrad, Ingrid. "Quand la nominalisation envahit la subordination : étude sur ‘ce que’ dans les propositions subordonnées en français, selon une approche comparative, diachronique et expérimentale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/KONRAD_Ingrid_2_complete_20190722.pdf.
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Cette thèse porte sur la syntaxe des propositions subordonnées impliquant `ce’ en français, à savoir certaines complétives, certaines relatives et certaines interrogatives indirectes. Il semblerait que la nominalisation ait envahi la subordination en français et je m’interroge sur le statut et le rôle de l’élément nominal (D) `ce’ dans ces différentes constructions. Une grande partie de cette thèse se focalise sur l’ambiguïté atypique entre relatives à tête allégée (CITKO, 2004) et interrogatives indirectes introduites par `ce qui/ce que’. A partir d’une étude diachronique du 11ème au 17ème siècles, de tests de répétition de phrases avec des enfants français âgés entre 3 et 6 ans, d’une comparaison avec le portugais à la fois sur le plan syntaxique et sur le plan de l’acquisition, et d’une expérience de lecture par présentation auto-segmentée avec des adultes francophones, j’exclus l’hypothèse d’une incorporation de `ce’ à `que’ donnant lieu à un nouveau mot wh- /səkə/. Le comportement syntaxique atypique, en synchronie, des interrogatives indirectes introduites par `ce qu-‘ me conduit à les analyser comme des DPs. Je propose qu’il s’agit en réalité de questions déguisées en relatives. Cette proposition m’amène à réfléchir à deux problèmes : le problème de la sélection et le problème de l’interprétation. En m’appuyant sur l’analyse des complétives en P+ce+que par ZARING, 1992 ainsi que plusieurs données dans d’autres langues, je mets en évidence l’existence de CPs nominalisés et j’affirme que la distinction syntaxique entre DP et CP n’est pas catégorique. Quant à la question de comment une relative avec `ce’ comme tête peut être interprétée comme une question, je postule que `ce’ est explétif, donc dénué de référentialité, tout comme dans les complétives. Les deux structures relatives (vraies relatives et questions déguisées en relatives) sont dérivées par appariement impliquant un opérateur nul. Mais la relation de prédication entre l’opérateur et la tête `ce’ ne se concrétise que dans les vraies relatives, où `ce’ est référentiel. Ainsi, les propositions subordonnées impliquant `ce que’ en français ont toutes une structure DP+CP. Toutefois, l’élément D `ce’ n’est référentiel et interprétable sur le plan sémantique que dans les relatives à tête allégée<br>This dissertation deals with the syntax of subordinate clauses involving `ce’ in French, namely a particular kind of complement clauses, a particular kind of relative clauses and a particular kind of indirect questions. It seems that nominalization has pervaded subordination in French, and I am questioning the status and the role of the nominal element (D) `ce’ in these constructions. A large part of this dissertation focuses on the syntactic ambiguity between light-headed relatives (CITKO, 2004) and indirect questions introduced by `ce qui/ce que’. On the basis of a diachronic study ranging from the 11th century to the 17th century, of a number of sentence repetition tasks performed on French children, aged from 3 to 6 years of age and of a self-paced reading experiment performed with French adults, I exclude that `ce’ and `que’ have incorporated and that /səkə/ is a wh-word. A closer scrutiny of the atypical syntactic behaviour, in synchrony, of indirect questions introduced by `ce qu-‘ leads me to analyse them as DPs. My proposal is that these structures are indeed questions disguised as relative clauses. This proposal brings me to reconsider two issues: the selection issue and the interpretation one. Building on the analysis of complement clauses in P+ce+que given by ZARING, 1992, as well as several data in other languages, I emphasise the existence of nominalized CPs, and I claim that the syntactic distinction between DP and CP is not categorical. As for the issue of how a relative clause with `ce’ as a head can get to be interpreted as a question, I assume that `ce’ is expletive, and thus devoid of referentiality, just like it is in complement clauses. Both relatives with `ce que’ (true relatives and questions disguised as relatives) are generated through a matching derivation involving a null operator. But the predicative relation holding between the operator and the head `ce’ only takes a value in true relatives, where `ce’ is referential. Concluding, subordinate clauses involving `ce que’ in French all have a DP+CP structure. However, the D element `ce’ is semantically referential and interpretable only in light-headed relatives
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Faure, Richard. "Les subordonnées interrogatives dans la prose grecque classique : les questions constituantes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040169/document.
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Les subordonnées interrogatives constituantes sont étudiées à l’interface syntaxe/sémantique. Trois domaines sont abordés : les termes introducteurs ; les prédicats introducteurs ; les modes et les temps. Les termes introducteurs appartiennent à trois paradigmes : ὅς (relatif), τίς (interrogatif direct) et ὅστις (relatif « indéfini »). Τίς/ὅστις ont la mêmedistribution syntaxique ; ὅς est isolé. Le critère sémantiquement distinctif est leur capacité (ὅς) ou leur incapacité(τίς/ὅστις) à trouver un antécédent pour interpréter la variable qu’ils représentent. On utilise les propositions en τίς/ὅστις dans les environnements où ce processus est bloqué (opérateurs non véridiques autorisant les TPN, et focus), alors que les propositions en ὅς sont présupposées et ont portée sur ces opérateurs. La notion-clé que nous avançons est celle d’identification, par ailleurs opératoire pour les exclamatives. Le sémantisme des prédicats introducteurs repose sur la combinaison de deux traits (réponse ouverte/fermée et rogatif/résolutif) : on aboutit à quatre classes. Les modes et les temps analysés sont le subjonctif délibératif et l’optatif oblique (un temps narratif selon nous).Les trois études ont des résultats convergents : seuls les prédicats résolutifs prennent des propositions en ὅς ; les verbes rogatifs ont une concordance des temps particulière ; l’optatif oblique est interdit dans les propositions en ὅς etc.Cette thèse est fondée sur le dialogue entre les linguistiques grecque et générale. Ainsi, au prix de modifications,l’approche cartographique explique bien le système de subordination grec. Nos résultats ont des conséquences sur la syntaxe et la sémantique des relatives<br>This thesis investigates embedded constituent interrogatives at the syntax/semantic interface. Three areas areanalysed: interrogative terms; embedding predicates; moods and tenses. The interrogative terms belong to threeparadigms: ὅς (relative), τίς (direct interrogative) and ὅστις (so-called indefinite relative). Τίς/ὅστις pattern togetherdistributionally, while ὅς shows a different pattern. The distinctive semantic criterion is their ability (ὅς) or inability(τίς/ὅστις) to identify an antecedent for interpretation of the variable. Τίς/ὅστις clauses are licensed in environmentswhere this process is blocked, that is under non veridical (NPIs licensing) operators and in focus position, whereas ὅςclauses are presupposed and have scope over such operators. The key notion we propose is identification. It carries overto exclamatives. As for the embedding predicates, we propose two semantic features, open/closeness of the answer androgative/resolutiveness, whose ± setting yields four classes. The analysis of the moods and tenses focuses on thedeliberative subjunctive and its alternatives and on the oblique optative, which, we propose, is a narrative tense.Put together, these three studies display coherent results: only resolutive predicates embed ὅς-clauses; rogativeverbs behave differently w.r.t. the sequence-of-time phenomenon; oblique optatives do not show up in ὅς-clauses etc.More generally, the Greek data help enhance parts of the linguistic theory. With some modifications, the cartographicapproach provides good explanations for the Greek completive system. Our results also have important consequences onthe syntax and the semantics of relatives
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Jiang, Shuaijun. "La complétive objet en chinois." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814555.
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Notre thèse traite la complétive objet et ses prédicats introducteurs en chinois. Nous adoptons, dans l'ensemble, le cadre théorique du lexique-grammaire de Gross (1984) et dans l'analyse concrète, celle de la structure prédicative de Muller (2001). Elle est divisée en cinq chapitres. Dans le premier " Etat des lieux ", nous présentons la conception de la complétive en tant qu'un type de subordonnée et nous adoptons l'analyse de la dépendance énonciative de Muller (1996). Ensuite nous présentons quelques analyses qui intègre la sémantique dans l'analyse de la complétive. Le chapitre 2 a pour objectif de délimiter notre objet d'étude, qui inclut trois sous-types : la complétive propositionnelle, le complément verbal sans sujet syntaxique (l'équivalent de la complétive infinitive du français) et l'interrogative indirecte dont la spécificité sémantique est bien prise en compte.Dans le troisième chapitre nous étudions les propriétés de sélection des prédicats introducteurs de la complétive en chinois : celles concernant le complément nominal et verbal sans sujet syntaxique d'une part, et celle entre la complétive déclarative et l'II d'autre part, à propos de laquelle nous étudions aussi les éléments qui la modifient. Dans le chapitre 4 la complétive objet est mise en parallèles avec trois autre types de constructions qui partagent le même schéma de construction [(SN1) +SV1+SN2+SV2] avec elle et qui impliquent aussi une relation de dépendance entre deux prédicats, ce sont la construction à double complément, la construction à 2nd complément et la construction à contrôle objet. Nous tenterons de fournir quelques outils de distinction d'ordre lexical ou contextuel.Le chapitre 5 concerne les propriétés syntaxiques de la complétive objet. Nous discuterons d'abord du morphème 'shuo' à propos de son statut de 'conjonction émergente' et de quelques caractéristiques d'intégration sous le terme de " main clause phenomena ". Ensuite seront scrutés les verbes " recteurs faibles " dans les termes de Blanche-Benveniste (1988) qui s'avéreront assez similaires à leurs équivalents en français et en anglais. Enfin nous analyserons les références temporelles dans la construction complétive. Nous postulerons qu'elles se basent principalement sur la télicité des prédicats matrice et la sémantique de leurs arguments ; les marqueurs aspectuels -le, -guo et -zhe modifient cette interprétation par défaut selon leur sémantique propre. Et nous donnerons une analyse détaillée des contraintes de différents degrés imposées sur les différents types de prédicats.
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Nogueira, Cristina Isabel Neves. "Sugestionabilidade Interrogativa e Efeito do Contágio Social em Reclusos: Fonte de Contágio Social Direta versus Indireta na Transmissão do Feedback Negativo da GSS1." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83995.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação<br>O presente estudo teve como objectivo principal analisar a Sugestionabilidade Interrogativa, numa amostra de 70 reclusos, distribuídos aleatoriamente por duas condições: uma em que o feedback negativo da Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS1) foi administrado por uma fonte direta de contágio social (investigadora) e a outra em que este foi administrado por uma fonte indireta de contágio social (computador). Constituíram-se ainda como objectivos adicionais estudar a relação entre a Sugestionabilidade Interrogativa (medida através da GSS1) e as variáveis: Inteligência Não Verbal, Ansiedade Estado, Neuroticismo e Desejabilidade Social. Para tal, foram administrados individualmente os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação, a ambos os grupos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, GSS1, Matrizes Progressivas Estandardizadas de Raven, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y e Escala de Desejabilidade Social -20 itens. Os resultados obtidos não indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a condição fonte direta e fonte indireta de contágio social, no que respeita à transmissão do feedback negativo na GSS1. Tal permite-nos sugerir que uma fonte de contágio social virtual (computador) poderá ser tão eficaz quanto uma fonte de contágio social real para espoletar Sugestionabilidade Interrogativa. Assim, este resultado aponta para que a incorporação de informação errada nos testemunhos das vítimas ou nas declarações dos suspeitos possa ser induzida também por fonte indireta de contágio social. Nenhuma das correlações entre Sugestionabilidade Interrogativa e as variáveis Inteligência Não Verbal (correlações negativas fracas), Ansiedade Estado, Neuroticismo e Desejabilidade Social (correlações positivas fracas) alcançou significância estatística. Estes resultados são discutidos considerando o estado actual da literatura nesta área.<br>The aim of the present study was to analyze interrogative suggestibility in a sample of 70 inmates, randomly assigned to two conditions: one in which the negative feedback from Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS1) was administered by a source of direct social contagion (the researcher) and other in which it was administered by a source of indirect social contagion (a computer). Additional objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between Interrogative Suggestibility (measured through GSS1) and the following variables: non-verbal intelligence, state anxiety, neuroticism, and social desirability. For this purpose, the following evaluation instruments were individually administered to both groups: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, GSS1, Raven’s Standardized Progressive Matrices, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y, and Social Desirability Scale -20 items. The results didn’t reveal statistically significant differences between the condition of direct source of social contagion and indirect source of social contagion, regarding the transmission of negative feedback in GSS1. This allows us to suggest that a source of virtual social contagion (a computer) might be as effective as a source of real social contagion in triggering suggestibility. Thus, this result points out that the incorporation of wrong information into the victims' testimonies or in the statements of the suspects can also be induced by indirect sources of social contagion. None of the correlations between Interrogative Suggestibility and the variables Non-verbal Intelligence, State Anxiety, Neuroticism and Social Desirability were statistically significant. These results are discussed considering the state of the art in this field.
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Reese, Brian Jon 1973. "Bias in questions." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3280.
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This dissertation investigates three interrogative sentence types that are each associated with a particular speaker bias. In asking one of these questions, the speaker invariably conveys a prior expectation, or belief, that a specific answer to the question is the true one. These sentence types include reversed-polarity tag questions, negative polar questions, and questions containing a strong negative polarity item or a constituent that is emphatically focused. For each of these three question types, I address the two questions: (1) What kind of meaning is bias; and (2) what grammatical feature, if any, is the bias linked to? In answer to the first question, I argue that bias is an assertion (rather than, for example, a conversational implicature). As a result, biased questions can be thought of as a type of indirect speech act (Searle 1975). Following Asher and Lascarides (2001), I model biased questions as instances of a complex speech act type Assertion · Question. On this analysis, biased questions are simultaneously assertions and questions. I provide evidence, for this claim, showing these question types share distributional properties of both assertions and questions. With regard to the second question, I argue that intonation, in addition to syntax and compositional and lexical semantics, plays a key role in linking the use of the kind of interrogative sentence described above to an assertion. Indeed, one of the benefits to studying biased questions is that they provide a case study of the interaction of intonation and discourse function. I begin to develop an analysis of intonation within the theory of discourse provided by Asher and Lascarides (2003) which builds on the work of Pierrehumbert and Hirschberg (1990) and Steedman (2000, 2003), amongst others. Specifically, I argue that intonation provides information about the speakers cognitive state, i.e. about his or her beliefs and intentions. Thus intonation contributes information that can be used to compute the rhetorical contribution of an utterance to a discourse or dialogue. On this model, intonation indirectly contributes to the determination of the discourse function of an utterance.<br>text
Books on the topic "Interrogation indirecte"
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Bodelot, Colette. L' interrogation indirecte en latin: Syntaxe-valeur illocutoire-formes. Société pour l'information grammaticale, 1987.
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Bodelot, Colette. Termes introducteurs et modes dans l'interrogation indirecte en latin de Plaute à Juvenal. s.n., 1990.
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Alconchel, José Luis Girón. Las oraciones interrogativas indirectas en español medieval. Gredos, 1988.
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Świdziński, Marek. Semantics of indirect questions in Polish. Dom Wydawniczy i Handlowy "ELIPSA", 1993.
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Jacri-Vanderlynden, Anne-Marie. Contribution à l'étude de la proposition interrogative indirecte en espagnol moderne. 1990.
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Lepore, Ernie, and Matthew Stone. Explicit Indirection. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198738831.003.0007.
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Our goal in this chapter is to contest the traditional view of indirection in utterances such as, ‘Can you pass the salt?’ by developing a very different way of characterizing the interpretations involved. We argue that the felt “indirection” of such utterances reflects the kind of meaning the utterances have, rather than the way that meaning is derived. So understood, there is no presumption that indirect meanings involve the pragmatic derivation of enriched contents froma literal interpretation; rather, we argue that indirect meanings are explicitly encoded in grammar. We build on recent work on formalizing declarative, interrogative, and imperative meanings as distinct but compatible kinds of content for utterances.
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RICHER-ROSSI, Francoise, and Stéphane PATIN, eds. L'art et la manière. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813004093.
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Indéniable facteur d’attractivité et de richesse, le monde de la culture et de la création ne cesse de se diversifier et de monter en puissance, notamment grâce à la démocratisation d’internet et aux nouveaux modes d’accès numériques. Professionnels du monde de la culture et enseignants-chercheurs livrent leurs réflexions, constats et interrogations dans cet ouvrage collectif polarisé autour de deux objets complémentaires – la médiation culturelle et la communication – qui permettent de mettre en lumière autant de moyens de créer, de représenter, de promouvoir, de diffuser la culture sous toutes ses formes dans un contexte national et international, et aussi, de la protéger. Les contributions s’imbriquent, se complètent, favorisant un ensemble d’interactions tant le travail des auteurs participe à la fois de la création et de la médiation et tant l’art doit compter avec le politique et considérer objectifs éducatifs et paramètres économiques. L’année 2020 et la pandémie due à la Covid 19 ont malmené le secteur culturel, entraînant de multiples fermetures ; dans le même temps, se sont mises en place des propositions alternatives. Les libraires, véritables médiateurs culturels, ont reçu l’appui du public. Les musées et les institutions culturelles n’ont cessé de communiquer et d’offrir leurs collections à des visites virtuelles. Le numérique, qui accélère création et diffusion, apparaît comme un médium artistique et communicationnel privilégié. L’offre des plateformes de films et de séries a explosé et, si les échanges et manifestations en présentiel se réduisent, nul doute que les États ont besoin que les biens et les services culturels s’adaptent et se multiplient car les professionnels des arts, des spectacles, de la communication participent du soft power, contribuant au rayonnement des nations et à leur influence indirecte à travers leurs exportations commerciales et culturelles.
Book chapters on the topic "Interrogation indirecte"
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Peek, Philip S. "Module 45". У Αncient Greek II. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0441.15.
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Module 45 teaches students how to read and translate indirect questions and statements that are introduced by ὅτι that, ὡς that, how or by an interrogative conjunction or adverb. In Ancient Greek students read fragment 16 of Sappho of Lesbos, Σαπφώ Λέσβου, a selection from the Mythologies (Μυθολογίαι) of Philippos of Samosata, Φίλιππος ὁ Σαμοσατεύς, and a selection from Lucian’s True Story (Ἀληθῆ Διηγήματα). Students practice parsing and learn new vocabulary. James Patterson’s Reading Morphologically continues covering verb formation and students complete another verb synopsis.
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Julien, Michèle, Hélène Balfet, Norbert Aujoulat, Françoise Audouze, Anick Coudart, and Claude Masset. "Chapitre 2. Interrogation directe et indirecte : méthodes et concepts." In La préhistoire dans le monde. Presses Universitaires de France, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/puf.leroi.1992.01.0163.
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Arft, Justin. "The Poetics of Interrogation." In Arete and the Odyssey's Poetics of Interrogation. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847805.003.0003.
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Abstract Chapter 2 offers a synchronic, intraformular analysis of the stranger’s interrogation’s direct and indirect appearances within the Odyssey. Therein, deep diachronic meaning of the interrogation is retained, but it takes on special resonance within the epic’s highly developed recognition and identification patterns, which themselves are woven into the architecture of the epic and central to its goal of establishing kleos for Odysseus. The Odyssey’s interrogation is handled with care for its sensitive, kleos-conferring power that only Odysseus’ closest allies can bear. On Ithaca, we see how the interrogation is used progressively across the whole episode to refine Odysseus’ basis for kleos, which ultimately lies in private memories of Odysseus prior to his engagements with destructive heroism. Methodologically, this synchronic analysis of the Odyssey’s interrogations employs a novel combination of oral poetic approaches and showcases Homer’s structural aesthetics from its smallest phrases to its largest structures.
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"LE INTERROGATIVE NEL DISCORSO INDIRETTO." In Parva Philologa. Pàtron Editore, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.24382380.10.
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Gaggioli, Gloria, and Pavle Kilibarda. "Unmasking the Challenges." In Interrogation and Torture. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190097523.003.0014.
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International human rights law and international humanitarian law absolutely prohibit all forms of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment (CIDT) at all times and against anyone, even the worst of criminals. International criminal law moreover provides for the individual criminal responsibility of perpetrators. Nevertheless, there remains a number of legal and practical challenges to overcome in order to ensure the effectiveness of this prohibition. The most visible challenge pertains to the implementation of the prohibition not only in domestic law but also in the concrete practice of law enforcement officials and other State agents. Other—less visible and insufficiently discussed—challenges concern laws and practices that may indirectly impact the effectiveness of the prohibition of torture and CIDT and whose acceptability under public international law is not crystal clear. For instance, is the prohibition of using evidence obtained through torture/CIDT (so-called exclusionary rule) absolute and applicable in all cases? How far does the international law obligation to prosecute and punish torture/CIDT perpetrators go? To what extent may individual perpetrators of torture/CIDT invoke mitigating circumstances or even justifications to avoid or diminish punishment for the commission of such acts in extreme circumstances? Does the passing of lenient sentences upon individual perpetrators of ill-treatment entail the responsibility of the State as a failure to punish? The present chapter will discuss these issues in light of contemporary international practice of various human rights bodies (treaty bodies and UN special procedures) and international/mixed criminal courts and tribunals.
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"Unit Thirty-Four. Uses of the Optative; Indirect Discourse with ὅτι; Indirect Questions and Indirect Interrogative." In Introduction to Attic Greek. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520954991-037.
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Vanderlynden, Anne-Marie. "Étude morphosyntaxique du connecteur pragmatique A VER + proposition interrogative indirecte." In Travaux de linguistique hispanique. Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psn.12387.
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Müller, Matthias. "‘Where No Man Has Gone Before …’: Coptic Patterns for Locative Adverbial Clauses." In Crossroads VI: Between Egyptian Linguistics and Philology. Widmaier Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/studmon.30.07.
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Locative adverbial clauses of the type ‘Where there is smoke, there is fire’ lead a drab existence in most grammars, not only those of the Coptic language. The present paper aims to describe the Coptic patterns for the first time. Lacking a specific connector, Coptic uses an appositive construction with the word ‘place,’ usually marked as definite, followed by a (restrictive or non-restrictive) relative clause. The use of the locative interrogative ‘where’ is limited to indirect questions.
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Voron, Polina A. "The Rhythm and the Free Indirect Speech. A Few Comments". У Sergey Esenin, His Contemporaries and Successors: Сollective Мonograph to the Аnniversary of N.I. Shubnikova-Guseva. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0718-2-428-439.
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The article discusses the interaction of rhythm and narrative strategy. Free indirect speech is a complex phenomenon, sometimes devoid of bright markers of the transition to the character’s inner mental space. Metric changes, change of breath expressed in the rhythm, are considered as one of the ways of “switching” from the author’s speech to the character’s internal speech. Existing on the borderline between direct and indirect speech, free indirect speech penetrates deeply into the consciousness of characters, approximating to their inner monologue, however nominally staying on the platform of the author’s narration. A transition to another’s speech usually is accompanied by interrogative or exclamatory constructions, as well as by changing the tense of the verb. The article points out other cases when the transition to free indirect speech has been completed, but common syntactical markers can hardly be found. Nevertheless, the change of rhythmic strategy can be an auxiliary or even the only marker of free indirect speech. A new speaker or a switch from the author’s narration to the character’s speech entails changes both in style and in rhythm. The change of rhythmic strategy can occur in several ways: from a fast to slower rate, from appreciable metrization to a more “usual” pace in prose.
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Mann, F. A. "‘Any Civil or Commercial Matter’." In Notes and Comments on Cases in International Law, Commercial Law, and Arbitration. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257981.003.0065.
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Abstract The decision of the Court of Appeal (Kerr, Glidewell, and Ralph Gibson L JJ in Re Anders Jahre [1986] 1 Lloyds R 496 arose from an action instituted in the Sandefjord City Court between the estate of Anders Jahre, a Norwegian citizen, and the Kingdom of Norway with a view to having presently enforceable tax assessments set aside. The application, rejected by the Court of Appeal, Ralph Gibson LJ dissenting, was made under the Evidence (Proceedings in Other Jurisdictions) Act 1975 for the interrogation of two London bankers. The character of the questions to be answered by them is sufficiently exemplified by the first one: ‘Present and previous owner or owners, direct or indirect, of funds and shares in Continental Trust Company Inc.’
Conference papers on the topic "Interrogation indirecte"
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Bayanker, Sudheer, Joshua D. Summers, and Anand K. Gramopadhye. "Experimental Investigation of Input Device Suitability for CAD Operations." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99681.
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This paper presents an experimental investigation into input suitability for human-computer interaction during computer aided design operations. Specifically, three types of operations, synthesis, interrogation, and modification, are examined with respect to three different types of user interfaces, mouse, direct tablet, and indirect tablet. The study, using undergraduate student participants in an introductory engineering graphics course, demonstrates that the mouse performs the highest across the dimensions of completion time and number of errors. However, the direct tablet, using a pen like device directly on the visualization screen, shows promise.