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Journal articles on the topic 'Interrogation Technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Babanoski, Kire, and Ice Ilijevski. "TECHNIQUES OF CONDUCTING INTERROGATION DURING POLICE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062101k.

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Modern interrogation is a study in human nature with great level of psychological manipulation which is used by police officer. The main characteristic of a police interrogation is that the suspect is under strong psychological pressure from the interrogator in order to speak the truth and to give the confession. The main purpose of a police Interrogation is to obtain a confession and to come to the objective truth, or other critical information about the crime, from an interviewed suspect, who is subject of interrogation. Interrogation (also called questioning or interpellation) is interviewing as commonly employed by officers of the police or other law enforcement agencies with the goal of extracting a confession or incriminating statements. Subjects of interrogation are often suspects involved in crimes. Information from victims and witnesses is usually obtained through interviews. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques, ranging from developing a rapport with the subject to outright torture.The main object of this paper is police interrogation, which is theoretically and descriptively analyzed through its various methods and techniques that are part of the process of extracting the truth and getting a confession from the suspects. For that aim, particular attention is paid to criminal operational aspects of contemporary Reid technique, and also presented examples of its application in the police interrogation. The Reid technique is a method of questioning subjects and assessing their credibility. The technique consists of a non-accusatory interview combining both investigative and behavior-provoking questions. If the investigative information indicates that the subject committed the crime in question, the Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation are utilized to persuade the subject to tell the truth about what they did. The Reid technique is a trademarked interrogation technique widely used by law enforcement agencies in North America. The technique (which requires interrogators to watch the body language of suspects to detect deceit) has been criticized for being difficult to apply across cultures and eliciting false confessions from innocent people.The purpose of this paper is through scientific explanation to raise the importance and quality of police interrogation as one of the methods for getting to the truth, especially in criminal cases where there is a lack of other evidence.

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Silva, Luís Henrique, Paulo Santos, Luís C. C. Coelho, Pedro Jorge, and José Manuel Baptista. "Development of a Long Period Fiber Grating Interrogation System Using a Multimode Laser Diode." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030749.

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Optical fiber gratings have long shown their sensing capabilities. One of the main challenges, however, is the interrogation method applied, since typical systems tend to use broadband light sources with optical spectrum analyzers, laser scanning units or CCD (Charged Coupled Device) spectrometers. The following paper presents the development of an interrogation system, which explores the temperature response of a multimode laser diode, in order to interrogate long period fiber gratings. By performing a spectral sweep along one of its rejection bands, a discrete attenuation spectrum is created. Through a curve fitting technique, the original spectrum is restored. The built unit, while presenting a substantially reduced cost compared with typical interrogation systems, is capable of interrogating along a 10 nm window with measurement errors reaching minimum values as low as 0.4 nm, regarding the grating central wavelength, and 0.4 dB for its attenuation. Given its low cost and reduced dimensions, the developed system shows potential for slow-changing field applications.

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Abramkina, Elena E. "Identification features of the minutes of interrogation and ways of authorship examination." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 3 (2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-3-97-108.

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Forensic authorship analysis is a frequently used technique to identify the real author of an arguable document. Often enough, under study are interrogation minutes. This kind of text is difficult for examination because of its stylistic and genre characteristics: formal phrases and structure as well as different author and compiler of the document. The above features restrict the use of some levels of language analysis. This issue, however, is poorly covered in specialist literature, with only a few articles related to it. The current paper describes the main discursive features of interrogation minutes used in authorship expertise. First we look at conventional techniques of authorship expertise and discuss their limitations. Special attention is given to the analysis of the interrogation minutes genre characteristics and their influence on the whole set of identifiers. The analysis of several conventional interrogation minutes techniques singled out two central tendencies in the authorship attribution: an identification features selection with new identifiers being added. The aim of the article is to propose a solution to the problem. Our technique is based on the methods of The Federal Ministry of the Interior, but it also takes into account genre charecteristics of the interrogation minutes. A new classification of identifiers has been developed. Additional features are offered to improve the attribution accuracy. These are clarifications, which are classified according to the semantic type of the object. In the article clarifications are divided into six types and a few subtypes and are also divided into low and high informative ones. The analysis of clarification is illustrated with the example of three different interrogation minutes. The concluding part of the article is concerned with the techniques of the interrogation minutes used in authorship expertise description, materials requirements and the steps of the analysis.

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Silveira, Mariana L., Helder R. O. Rocha, Paulo F. C. Antunes, Paulo S. B. André, Marcelo E. V. Segatto, Anselmo Frizera, and Camilo A. R. Díaz. "An Optimized Self-Compensated Solution for Temperature and Strain Cross-Sensitivity in FBG Interrogators Based on Edge Filter." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 5828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175828.

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Optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are prone to measurement errors if the cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain is not properly considered. This paper describes a self-compensated technique for canceling the undesired influence of temperature in strain measurement. An edge-filter-based interrogator is proposed and the central peaks of two FBGs (sensor and reference) are matched with the positive and negative slopes of a Fabry–Perot interferometer that acts as an optical filter. A tuning process performed by the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is required to determine the optimal spectral characteristics of each FBG. The interrogation range is not compromised by the proposed technique, being determined by the spectral characteristics of the optical filter in accordance with the traditional edge-filtering interrogation. Simulations show that, by employing FBGs with optimal characteristics, temperature variations of 30 °C led to an average relative error of 3.4% for strain measurements up to 700μϵ. The proposed technique was experimentally tested under non-ideal conditions: two FBGs with spectral characteristics different from the optimized results were used. The temperature sensibility decreased by 50.8% as compared to a temperature uncompensated interrogation system based on an edge filter. The non-ideal experimental conditions were simulated and the maximum error between theoretical and experimental data was 5.79%, proving that the results from simulation and experimentation are compatible.

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5

Sikdar, Debabrata, Vinita Tiwari, Anupam Soni, Ritesh Jaiswal, and Surekha Bhanot. "Polarization multiplexed interrogation technique for FBG sensor array." Photonic Sensors 5, no. 3 (June 11, 2015): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13320-015-0235-2.

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6

Adam, Lisanne, and Celine van Golde. "Police practice and false confessions: A search for the implementation of investigative interviewing in Australia." Alternative Law Journal 45, no. 1 (October 3, 2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x19874415.

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Since the 1960s, the United States developed ‘Reid interrogation technique’, and its variations have been widely used around the world. Due to its interrogative and confession-driven nature – and thus the increased risk of false confessions – many countries (including Australia) have since moved away from this model towards the UK-developed PEACE-approach. This article will utilise case studies and forensic psychological research to explain how coercive techniques used during police interviews increase the risk of false confessions. It will then describe the implementation of investigative interviewing in Australia by presenting an analysis of those state and territory police manuals which are publicly available.

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7

Demori, Marco, Marco Baù, Marco Ferrari, and Vittorio Ferrari. "Interrogation Techniques and Interface Circuits for Coil-Coupled Passive Sensors." Micromachines 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9090449.

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Coil-coupled passive sensors can be interrogated without contact, exploiting the magnetic coupling between two coils forming a telemetric proximity link. A primary coil connected to the interface circuit forms the readout unit, while a passive sensor connected to a secondary coil forms the sensor unit. This work is focused on the interrogation of sensor units based on resonance, denoted as resonant sensor units, in which the readout signals are the resonant frequency and, possibly, the quality factor. Specifically, capacitive and electromechanical piezoelectric resonator sensor units are considered. Two interrogation techniques, namely a frequency-domain technique and a time-domain technique, have been analyzed, that are theoretically independent of the coupling between the coils which, in turn, ensure that the sensor readings are not affected by the interrogation distance. However, it is shown that the unavoidable parasitic capacitance in parallel to the readout coil introduces, for both techniques, an undesired dependence of the readings on the interrogation distance. This effect is especially marked for capacitance sensor units. A compensation circuit is innovatively proposed to counteract the effects of the parasitic input capacitance, and advantageously obtain distance-independent readings in real operating conditions. Experimental tests on a coil-coupled capacitance sensor with resonance at 5.45 MHz have shown a deviation within 1.5 kHz, i.e., 300 ppm, for interrogation distances of up to 18 mm. For the same distance range, with a coil-coupled quartz crystal resonator with a mechanical resonant frequency of 4.432 MHz, variations of less than 1.8 Hz, i.e., 0.5 ppm, have been obtained.

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Baù, Marco, Marco Ferrari, Habiba Begum, Abid Ali, Joshua E. Y. Lee, and Vittorio Ferrari. "Technique and Circuit for Contactless Readout of Piezoelectric MEMS Resonator Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 3483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123483.

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A technique and electronic circuit for contactless electromagnetic interrogation of piezoelectric micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) resonator sensors are proposed. The adopted resonator is an aluminum-nitride (AlN) thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) disk vibrating in radial contour mode at about 6.3 MHz. The MEMS resonator is operated in one-port configuration and it is connected to a spiral coil, forming the sensor unit. A proximate electronic interrogation unit is electromagnetically coupled through a readout coil to the sensor unit. The proposed technique exploits interleaved excitation and detection phases of the MEMS resonator. A tailored electronic circuit manages the periodic switching between the excitation phase, where it generates the excitation signal driving the readout coil, and the detection phase, where it senses the transient decaying response of the resonator by measuring through a high-impedance amplifier the voltage induced back across the readout coil. This approach advantageously ensures that the readout frequency of the MEMS resonator is first order independent of the interrogation distance between the readout and sensor coils. The reported experimental results show successful contactless readout of the MEMS resonator independently from the interrogation distance over a range of 12 mm, and the application as a resonant sensor for ambient temperature and as a resonant acoustic-load sensor to detect and track the deposition and evaporation processes of water microdroplets on the MEMS resonator surface.

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9

D'Souza, Kiran, and Bogdan I. Epureanu. "Nonlinear feedback auxiliary signals for system interrogation and damage detection." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 464, no. 2100 (July 29, 2008): 3129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2008.0072.

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Recently, a sensitivity-enhancement technique for system interrogation using linear controllers and eigenstructure assignment has been extended from linear to nonlinear systems. Nonlinearities have been accounted for by forming (higher dimensional) augmented systems that are designed for each trajectory of the nonlinear system, and are characterized by a specific forcing which ensures that the augmented systems follow that trajectory (when projected onto the original lower dimensional space). The use of system augmentation has several benefits beyond its ability to handle nonlinearities. For example, sensitivity can be increased compared with existing linear techniques through nonlinear feedback auxiliary signals (NFASs) because the constraint that the system is stable during its interrogation has to be applied only to the linearized closed-loop system, while the augmented linear system does not have that constraint. In this work, NFASs are designed for interrogating linear systems. System augmentation is used in a linear system because a nonlinear controller is employed to enhance sensitivity. In addition to the increased sensitivity, fewer controller actuator points and sensors are required compared with existing linear techniques due to the efficient use of added (augmented) equations. To demonstrate the approach, damage detection is considered as an application. Numerical simulations for linear mass–spring and mass–spring–damper systems are used to validate the approach and discuss the effects of noise.

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10

Kim, Hyeon-Ho, Sang-Jin Choi, Keum Jeon, and Jae-Kyung Pan. "An Optical Fiber Displacement Sensor Using RF Interrogation Technique." Sensors 16, no. 3 (February 24, 2016): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16030277.

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11

Wu, Qiang, Yuliya Semenova, An Sun, Pengfei Wang, and Gerald Farrell. "High resolution temperature insensitive interrogation technique for FBG sensors." Optics & Laser Technology 42, no. 4 (June 2010): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2009.11.005.

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12

Baù, M., M. Ferrari, and V. Ferrari. "Magnetless electromagnetic contactless interrogation technique for unwired conductive resonators." Electronics Letters 55, no. 11 (May 2019): 642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2019.0067.

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13

Hervas, Javier, Daniele Tosi, Hector Garcia-Miquel, David Barrera, Carlos R. Fernandez-Pousa, and Salvador Sales. "KLT-Based Interrogation Technique for FBG Multiplexed Sensor Tracking." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 16 (August 15, 2017): 3387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2016.2613131.

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14

Amrani, M. E. H., R. M. Dowdeswell, P. A. Payne, and K. C. Persaud. "Pseudo-random binary sequence interrogation technique for gas sensors." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 47, no. 1-3 (April 1998): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(98)00013-6.

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15

Darwich, Dia, Ayman Youssef, and Haitham Zaraket. "Low-cost multiple FBG interrogation technique for static applications." Optics Letters 45, no. 5 (February 19, 2020): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.386053.

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16

Davis, M. A., and A. D. Kersey. "Matched-filter interrogation technique for fibre Bragg grating arrays." Electronics Letters 31, no. 10 (May 11, 1995): 822–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19950547.

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17

Yang, Bao Guo, H. C. Shen, and W. S. Zong. "Light-Strip Model Based Highlight-Line Method for Surface Interrogation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.688.

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A method for surface interrogation named light-strip model based highlight-line technique is proposed. The principium of this method is: taking out a light-strip that includes axial line to replace light-cylinder, making all lines lie in a same light source plane, getting a series of highlight-points on surface by intersecting distance function with different plains, using cubic Hermite interpolation to fit continuous highlight-line cluster passing through those highlight-points. Examples show this method is a comparative ideal surface interrogation technique, it overcomes the shortcoming of light-cylinder model based one as highlight-lines correlating with fiducially line, and the interrogation results cannot reflect the surface fairness of curvature acutely diversification regions.

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18

Feinstein, R. L., D. A. Keeley, and J. Bendahan. "Performance evaluation tools for nuclear based interrogation techniques — an application of the PFNA technique." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 353, no. 1-3 (December 1994): 689–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91752-3.

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19

Masud, Mehedi, Marco Baù, Marco Demori, Marco Ferrari, and Vittorio Ferrari. "Contactless Interrogation System for Capacitive Sensors with Time-Gated Technique." Proceedings 1, no. 4 (August 8, 2017): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1040395.

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20

Tait, Gregory B. "Vernier-effect optical interrogation technique for fiber Bragg grating sensors." Applied Optics 46, no. 28 (September 21, 2007): 6879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.006879.

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21

Ricchiuti, Amelia Lavinia, David Barrera, Salvador Sales, Luc Thevenaz, and Jose Capmany. "Long Weak FBG Sensor Interrogation Using Microwave Photonics Filtering Technique." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 26, no. 20 (October 15, 2014): 2039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2014.2345611.

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22

Zhao, Donghui, Xuewen Shu, Lin Zhang, and I. Bennion. "Sensor interrogation technique using chirped fibre grating based Sagnac loop." Electronics Letters 38, no. 7 (2002): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20020224.

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23

Todd, Michael D., Jonathan M. Nichols, Stephen T. Trickey, Mark Seaver, Christy J. Nichols, and Lawrence N. Virgin. "Bragg grating-based fibre optic sensors in structural health monitoring." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1851 (December 12, 2006): 317–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1937.

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This work first considers a review of the dominant current methods for fibre Bragg grating wavelength interrogation. These methods include WDM interferometry, tunable filter (both Fabry–Perot and acousto-optic) demultiplexing, CCD/prism technique and a newer hybrid method utilizing Fabry–Perot and interferometric techniques. Two applications using these techniques are described: hull loads monitoring on an all-composite fast patrol boat and bolt pre-load loss monitoring in a composite beam in conjunction with a state-space modelling data analysis technique.

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Meinhart, Carl D., Steve T. Wereley, and Juan G. Santiago. "A PIV Algorithm for Estimating Time-Averaged Velocity Fields." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 2 (February 2, 2000): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483256.

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A PIV algorithm is presented for estimating time-averaged or phase-averaged velocity fields. The algorithm can be applied to situations where signal strength is not sufficient for standard cross correlation techniques, such as a low number of particle images in an interrogation spot, or poor image quality. The algorithm can also be used to increase the spatial resolution of measurements by allowing smaller interrogation spots than those required for standard cross correlation techniques. The quality of the velocity measurements can be dramatically increased by averaging a series of instantaneous correlation functions, before determining the location of the signal peak, as opposed to the commonly used technique of estimating instantaneous velocity fields first and then averaging the velocity fields. The algorithm is applied to a 30μm×300μm microchannel flow. [S0098-2202(00)00602-7]

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Kim, Hak Joon, Sung Jin Song, Jung Ho Seo, Jae Hee Kim, and Heung Seop Eom. "Time Reversal Technique for Ultrasonic Guided Wave Inspection." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.776.

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For the long range inspection of structures in nuclear power plant using array transducers, it is necessary to focus waves on defects under interrogation. To take care of such a need, in this study we adopt a time reversal technique that is claimed to be very robust to focus ultrasonic waves on defects. Specifically, we calculate the appropriate time delay using the time reversal technique and re-generate ultrasonic guided waves that are focusing to an interrogated defect with the calculated time delay. In this paper, we describe the principle of the time reversal technique briefly and present the performance enhancement obtained by the time reversal techniques.

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Díaz, Camilo, Cátia Leitão, Carlos Marques, M. Domingues, Nélia Alberto, Maria Pontes, Anselmo Frizera, Moisés Ribeiro, Paulo André, and Paulo Antunes. "Low-Cost Interrogation Technique for Dynamic Measurements with FBG-Based Devices." Sensors 17, no. 10 (October 23, 2017): 2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102414.

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Ezbiri, A., and R. P. Tatam. "Five wavelength interrogation technique for miniature fibre optic Fabry-Pérot sensors." Optics Communications 133, no. 1-6 (January 1997): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(96)00445-2.

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28

Chen, Hao, Shiwei Zhang, Hongyan Fu, Hanqing Li, Dan Zhang, and Nan Chen. "Fiber-optic temperature sensor interrogation technique based on an optoelectronic oscillator." Optical Engineering 55, no. 3 (October 6, 2015): 031107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.55.3.031107.

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Bushati, Natascha, James Smith, James Briscoe, and Christopher Watkins. "An intuitive graphical visualization technique for the interrogation of transcriptome data." Nucleic Acids Research 39, no. 17 (June 17, 2011): 7380–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkr462.

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Tonoli, Emanuele, Marco Baù, and Vittorio Ferrari. "Contactless Time-Gated Technique for Electromagnetic Interrogation of Micromechanical Resonator Sensors." Sensor Letters 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2013.2724.

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Fallon, R. W., L. Zhang, A. Gloag, and I. Bennion. "Identical broadband chirped grating interrogation technique for temperature and strain sensing." Electronics Letters 33, no. 8 (1997): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970486.

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Hu, Y., G. Yang, and S. Chen. "Spatial multiplexing technique for interrogation of interferometric optical fibre sensor arrays." Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part A 4, no. 5 (September 1995): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/4/5/007.

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33

Smith, Steven M., Veronica Stinson, and Marc W. Patry. "High-risk interrogation: Using the “Mr. Big Technique” to elicit confessions." Law and Human Behavior 34, no. 1 (2010): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10979-009-9203-y.

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Dai, Weiyu, Haoran Wang, and Hongyan Fu. "Sensor interrogation technique with multi‐wavelength laser based microwave photonic filter." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 63, no. 10 (July 21, 2021): 2523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.32983.

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35

Stoddart, Simon. "GIS: a useful research technique, not an end in itself." Archaeological Dialogues 4, no. 1 (May 1997): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380000091x.

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Milco Wansleeben provides a useful review of some of the current problems of GIS, and I find much agreement with his comments. As he states most effectively, GIS provides the ability to execute repetitive routes rapidly. When practised well, it will not save time but allow the more thorough interrogation of the data within the same time.

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Hutchings, Lian R., and Antonella Pagliarulo. "Temperature Gradient Interaction Chromatography: A Perspective." Chromatographia 84, no. 9 (July 14, 2021): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10337-021-04068-1.

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AbstractThe application of temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) as an advanced technique for the characterisation of polymers is discussed, in comparison to other liquid chromatography techniques and in particular the ubiquitous size exclusion chromatography. Specifically, the use of reversed-phase TGIC for the interrogation of complex branched polymers and normal-phase TGIC for characterisation of high-molar mass end-functionalised polymers is highlighted.

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Yan, Yuqiang, Sergio Gonzalez-Cortes, Benzhen Yao, Daniel R. Slocombe, Adrian Porch, Fahai Cao, Tiancun Xiao, and Peter P. Edwards. "Rapid, non-invasive characterization of the dispersity of emulsions via microwaves." Chemical Science 9, no. 34 (2018): 6975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc00406d.

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Colwell, John M., Javaid H. Khan, Geoffrey Will, Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith, Steven E. Bottle, Graeme A. George, and Antony Trueman. "Prognostic Tools for Lifetime Prediction of Aircraft Coatings: Paint Degradation." Advanced Materials Research 138 (October 2010): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.138.137.

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A direct interrogation, portable analysis technique (portable FT-IR) and a novel environment-monitoring profluorescent sensor for studying aircraft coating degradation have been developed. For the direct interrogation approach, a standard military aircraft paint: 459-line Anzothane flexible polyurethane (lead free) has been used to illustrate a new potential field technique to evaluate coating service lifetime, portable FT-IR. This technique allows direct analysis of chemical changes within the degrading coatings and has the potential to evaluate service lifetime when coupled with advanced statistical analysis methods (chemometrics). The degradation environment monitoring sensors are embodied in a profluorescent environment-sensitive witness patch that may be analysed in-service by a field-deployable fluorescence spectrometer. Accelerated ageing for both the paint and the witness patches has been undertaken and their capabilities as aircraft paint degradation monitors assessed.

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Termini, Donatella, and Alice Di Leonardo. "Efficiency of a Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) Method for Monitoring the Surface Velocity of Hyper-Concentrated Flows." Geosciences 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8100383.

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Digital particle image velocimetry records high resolution images and allows the identification of the position of points in different time instants. This paper explores the efficiency of the digital image-technique for remote monitoring of surface velocity and discharge measurement in hyper-concentrated flow by the way of laboratory experiment. One of the challenges in the application of the image-technique is the evaluation of the error in estimating surface velocity. The error quantification is complex because it depends on many factors characterizing either the experimental conditions or/and the processing algorithm. In the present work, attention is devoted to the estimation error due either to the acquisition time or to the size of the sub-images (interrogation areas) to be correlated. The analysis is conducted with the aid of data collected in a scale laboratory flume constructed at the Hydraulic laboratory of the Department of Civil, Environmental, Aerospace and of Materials Engineering (DICAM)—University of Palermo (Italy) and the image processing is carried out by the help of the PivLab algorithm in Matlab. The obtained results confirm that the number of frames used in processing procedure strongly affects the values of surface velocity; the estimation error decreases as the number of frames increases. The size of the interrogation area also exerts an important role in the flow velocity estimation. For the examined case, a reduction of the size of the interrogation area of one half compared to its original size has allowed us to obtain low values of the velocity estimation error. Results also demonstrate the ability of the digital image-technique to estimate the discharge at given cross-sections. The values of the discharge estimated by applying the digital image-technique downstream of the inflow sections by using the aforementioned size of the interrogation area compares well with those measured.

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Lee, Theng Wei, and Wan Young Chung. "Interrogation Signal Generation for SAW Temperature Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1089.

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This paper presents the method to generate frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) interrogation signal by using a phase lock loop (PLL) transmitter and NI ELVIS development board. The FMCW interrogation signal can be used for measuring temperature from a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. The development of the PLL transmitter is discussed. The Arbitrary Waveform Generator of NI ELVIS is utilized for generating a linear frequency sweep reference signal, which will be used as a stable input signal for the transmitter. A MATLAB simulation using a pulse compression technique is performed to investigate the relationship between the FMCW bandwidth and range resolution.

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Domingues, M. Fátima, Cátia Tavares, Nélia Alberto, Ayman Radwan, Paulo André, and Paulo Antunes. "High Rate Dynamic Monitoring with Fabry–Perot Interferometric Sensors: An Alternative Interrogation Technique Targeting Biomedical Applications." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214744.

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Fabry–Perot interferometric (FPI) sensors are an accurate and well-established sensing technology that are used to monitor a wide range of parameters such as strain, temperature, and refractive index, among many others. Nevertheless, due to the limited number and high cost of existing interrogation techniques for FPIs, its use is often restricted to discrete measurements, not being so explored for dynamic applications. The development of an alternative interrogation technique for a high rate of acquisition may propel this type of sensor into less explored fields such as dynamic biomedical applications. In this work, we present the theoretical and experimental analyses of an FPI sensing architecture by using an alternative high rate dynamic acquisition methodology, based on frequency to amplitude conversion, where the FPI spectral shift is detuned by the convolution of the optical light source with the FPI interference pattern. The good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results verified the reliability of the proposed methodology. Moreover, preliminary results show that the developed sensing architecture can be a suitable solution to monitor biomedical parameters such as the carotid pulse wave.

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Hey, Farrand, Suresh Bhalla, and Chee Kiong Soh. "Optimized Parallel Interrogation and Protection of Piezo-transducers in Electromechanical Impedance Technique." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 17, no. 6 (June 2006): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x06058792.

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Amrani, M. E. H., and P. A. Payne. "Multi-frequency interrogation technique applied to conducting polymer gas and odour sensors." IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 146, no. 2 (1999): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19990288.

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Darwich, Dia, Ayman Youssef, Marco Pisco, and Haitham Zaraket. "Investigation of Low-Cost Interrogation Technique Based on Modulated Distributed Feedback Laser." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 2460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2019.2951436.

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Silva, Luís C. B., Lorenzo B. Scandian, Marcelo E. V. Segatto, and Carlos E. S. Castellani. "Optical spectral intensity-based interrogation technique for liquid-level interferometric fiber sensors." Applied Optics 58, no. 35 (December 5, 2019): 9712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.009712.

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Voisin, Valérie, Christophe Caucheteur, Patrice Mégret, and Jacques Albert. "Interrogation technique for TFBG-SPR refractometers based on differential orthogonal light states." Applied Optics 50, no. 22 (July 21, 2011): 4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.004257.

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Culhane, Scott E., Harmon M. Hosch, and Cary Heck. "Interrogation Technique Endorsement by Current Law Enforcement, Future Law Enforcement, and Laypersons." Police Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 2008): 366–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611107309116.

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Yang, Minye, Zhilu Ye, Mohamed Farhat, and Pai-Yen Chen. "Ultrarobust Wireless Interrogation for Sensors and Transducers: A Non-Hermitian Telemetry Technique." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3107057.

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Roy, Tushar, Yogesh Kashyap, Mayank Shukla, Prashant Singh, and Ravi Baribaddala. "Fast neutron interrogation of special nuclear material using differential die-away technique." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 176 (October 2021): 109896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109896.

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Rodriguez, Douglas Chase, Kamel Abbas, Jean-Michel Crochemore, Mitsuo Koizumi, Stefan Nonneman, Bent Pedersen, Fabiana Rossi, Michio Seya, and Tohn Takahashi. "Utilizing nuclear data in delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy inverse Monte Carlo analysis." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 17005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023917005.

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Safeguards verification of uranium and plutonium in high-radioactivity nuclear material is currently performed using destructive analysis techniques. However, the preparation method is a burden on both the safeguards inspectors and facility operators. While nondestructive assay (NDA) techniques would improve the efficiency and time, there are no passive NDA techniques available to directly verify the U and Pu content. As an alternative, the JAEA and JRC are collaboratively developing the Delayed Gamma-ray Spectroscopy (DGS) active-interrogation NDA technique to evaluate the fissile composition from the unique fission product yield distributions. To analyze the data we are developing an Inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) method that simulates the interrogation and evaluates the individual contributions from the mixed nuclear material to the composite spectrum. While the current nuclear data affects the ability to evaluate the composition, the IMC analysis method can be used to determine the systematic uncertainty contributions and has the potential to improve the nuclear data. We will present the current status of the DGS collaborative work as it relates to the development of the DGS IMC analysis.

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