Dissertations / Theses: 'Intersex children'

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Newbould, Melanie. "Medicine and intersex : legal and ethical issues surrounding genital and gonadal surgery." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/medicine-and-intersex-legal-and-ethical-issues-surrounding-genital-and-gonadal-surgery(156d3572-18bb-4a37-808d-9c821dcecfbf).html.

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This thesis deals with some of the legal and ethical issues that arise when an individual’s genital and gonadal anatomy does not match what is perceived to be the biological (or sometimes culturally determined) norm. I focus on intersex individuals, particularly infants, who may undergo genital surgery, to ‘normalise’ genital anatomy. I compare this type of surgery to other forms of genital cutting on those too young to consent, male circumcision and female genital mutilation (FGM). I discuss how sex is complex and not yet fully understood; intersex challenges the idea that sex is a simple binary entity and the history of ‘sex testing’ in sport illustrates that there are, rarely, individuals for whom categorisation as biologically male or female is impossible. Gender is also a complex entity, but institutions such as medicine and the law still endorse a simple bipolar model of sex and gender. I argue that the assumptions on which medical practice in intersex is based are based on these simplistic gender norms. I argue that one form of intersex surgery, refashioning the clitoris, continues to be seen as a valid treatment option despite the paucity of outcome data and is not treatment for an illness but for an anatomical difference. At least some individuals who have had this procedure perceive that they have been harmed by it. Therefore I argue that the current medical and surgical approach to anatomical genital variation in intersex is ethically questionable. Furthermore it is possible to construct an argument that it is not in the best interests of the young child to undergo this procedure and that it therefore may be unlawful, even when carried out with parental consent. I also argue that, if FGM is unlawful, as it is, then other analogous procedures, such as clitoral surgery for intersex and male circumcision for non-medical reasons should similarly be unlawful. Male circumcision is held to be lawful in England at present, but the English courts have not considered genital surgery in intersex infants. If they did, then the logical conclusion ought to be to proscribe it. I argue that documents such as driving licences and passports should permit a neutral gender and that birth certification ought to permit registration without specifying sex for intersex infants. It is possible that at least some of this may come about in the future, since a recently published report from the House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee on Transgender Equality has suggested change in the current situation, one indication of the current rapid pace of change in this area of Law. I argue that education about intersex and sex and gender diversity is important for healthcare professionals and for everyone.

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Brömdal, Annette. "Intersex - A Challenge for Human Rights and Citizenship Rights." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-890.

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The purpose with this dissertation is to study the Intersex phenomenon in South Africa, meaning the interplay between the dual sex and gender norms in society. Hence, the treatment by some medical institutions and the view of some non-medical institutions upon this ‘treatment’, have been studied in relation to the Intersex infant’s human rights and citizenship rights. The thesis has moreover also investigated how young Intersex children are included/excluded and mentioned/not mentioned within South Africa’s legal system and within UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Furthermore, because Intersex children are viewed as ‘different’ on two accounts – their status as infants and born with an atypical congenital physical sexual differentiation, the thesis’ theoretical framework looks at the phenomenon from three perspectives – ‘the politics of difference’, human rights, and citizenship rights directed towards infants. The theoretical frameworks have been used to ask questions in relation to the empirical data, i.e. look at how the Intersex infants are ‘treated’ in relation to their status as ‘different’; and also in relation to the concept of being recognized, respected and allowed to partake in deciding whether to impose surgery or not. Moreover, what ‘treatment’ serves the best interest of the Intersex child? This has been done through semi structured interviews.

In conclusion, some of the dissertation’s most important features are that since the South African society, like many other societies, strongly live by the belief that there are only two sexes and genders, this implies that Intersex infants do not fit in and become walking pathologies who must be ‘fixed’ to become ‘normal’. Moreover, since most genital corrective surgeries are imposed without being medically or surgically necessary, and are generally imposed before the age of consent (18), the children concerned, are generally not asked for their opinion regarding the surgery. Lastly because early corrective surgery can have devastating life lasting consequences, this ultimately means that the child’s human rights and citizenship rights are of a concern. These conclusions do however not ignore the consequences one has to endure for the price of being ‘different’.

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Komboki, Lancing Marika. "The Intersex Baby - From a Social Emergency to a Human Rights Challenge." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21824.

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This paper aims to shed light on the intersex infant, a baby born with an unclear gender. The main goal of the paper is to discuss whether unnecessary gender normalizing surgeries on infants, also called intersex genital mutilation (IGM) that is not necessary to preserve the life or physical health of the infant is in the best interest of the child. Legal method will be used to frame the topic in a legal context and discourse analysis in combination with content analysis will be applied in order to understand the transformation of intersex, from being a social emergency to becoming a human rights issue. The use of the concept, the best interest of the child will serve as an analytical framework together with a theoretical framework consisting of queer theory. Together it will help to map out the human rights challenges regarding IGM as a socially constructed medical product that needs to be highlighted and prevented in order to secure the rights of the child. Hopefully, the concluding results will contribute to further awareness on the issue of unnecessary infant intersex surgery and frame it in a human rights context.

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Brady, Susan M. "The concept of the best interest of the child in special medical procedure applications heard by Australian courts and tribunals /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18893.pdf.

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Daramola, O. (Oladipo). "Young children as Internet users." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201505261650.

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In the current available research concerning the real usage of the internet among the young children, most researchers particularly emphases on the risk and opportunities regarding the active use of the internet. Limited experimental research emphases on the role-based and impact of the parent guidelines in the context. In the current studies, internet parenting methods are well-defined and operationalized to study the influence on the real usage of the internet among children both at home and in school. In these researches two major dimensions are distinguished in the internet parenting methods: that is parental control and parental warmth. The methods differ when controlling for parent gender, educational background, and age appropriateness. Parenting methods are also seen to be connected significantly to the level of parent internet usage, internet attitude and internet experience. Parental methods have been found to contribute greatly to the child internet usage. The highest internet level usage among the children is apparent when the parents approve a permissive parenting method; the lowest level is observed when the parent approves controlled internet parenting method. The variables internet parenting method, parent internet behavior, and parent educational background greatly influence Internet usage of children at home and school. The aim of this thesis is was to addressing a fundamental research question: “What parents think about their children’s Internet use.” The theoretic and practical inferences are discussed and directions for future research. The research question in this thesis involves a qualitative study that involves a semi-structured interview conducted in a comfortable and friendly environment. As a requirement eleven children and five families were interviewed. The parents who were interviewed are well aware of their children internet access and usage.

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Alias, Amelia. "Children's understanding of online data privacy : a study on Scottish Primary 6 and Primary 7 pupils." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29627.

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There is growing concern over online privacy in today’s digital worlds, in part due to the nature of social media, which encourages the disclosure of personal information. Such concerns have resulted in a significant amount of research, so far focused on adults’ and teenagers’ perceptions of privacy and privacy management. This study aims to explore how children perceive online privacy. It addresses three research questions: RQ 1: What are children’s views of online privacy? RQ 2: What are parents’ views of online privacy? Do their views on privacy influence how they deal with their children’s privacy? RQ 3: What are the benefits and disadvantages of different Internet parental mediation strategies for children’s online privacy? Twenty-six semi-structured one-to-one interviews and ten focus group sessions were conducted with fifty-seven pupils aged 9 to 11 years old (Primary 6 and Primary 7), from one school in Scotland. Additionally, 8 parents were interviewed to understand how their perceptions of privacy influenced their Internet parenting strategies. This study has three overarching findings. The first overarching finding is related to children’s and parents’ views about the Internet as an unsafe place, occasionally leading parents to deploy restrictive and monitoring Internet parental mediation strategies. Second, children view privacy as more difficult to achieve online than offline for two main reasons: (1) the Internet is a ‘bigger space’ populated by a massive number of ‘people’, most of whom they do not know nor have they ever seen (‘strangers’), and (2) there are certain difficulties in managing the privacy settings of social networking sites. The third finding is that trust, autonomy and privacy are interrelated. Trust reduce privacy concerns, encouraged for two-way information sharing between children and parents, with an expectation that parents will be able to help identify potential and also unexpected online issues, and necessary advice and safety precautions can be taught to children. As a result, children will potentially be able to manage their online activities in an increasingly autonomous way. Trust is important not only in interpersonal relationships, but also for building confidence for contexts in which we do not have any prior knowledge, such as with strangers or with the providers of online platforms.

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Brown, Deborah D. (Deborah Dairy). "Aggression and Social Interest in Behavior Disordered Students." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330598/.

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This study investigated whether behavior disordered children would decrease aggressive behavior if their social interest were developed. Three hypotheses that were tested predicted that there would be a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on adjusted mean scores on aggressive behavior on post test scores. The measuring instruments used were the Child Behavior Checklist Parent Report Form, the Child Behavior Checklist Teacher Report Form, and the Child Behavior Checklist Director Observation Form. It was also predicted that there would be a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group on post test adjusted mean scores as measured on the Social Interest Scale. An analysis of covariance was employed to test the data. Behavior disordered students in the experimental group participated in three activities designed to develop their social interest. They participated in peer tutoring, socialization with nursing home residents, and group discussions. Data were collected from parents, teachers, and observers of behavior disordered students in an elementary school in Northwest Louisiana during the summer term of 1987. Teachers did report a statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in the decrease of aggressive behavior. These results are in accord with predictions generated by Adlerian theory and with naturalistic data. Parents and observers did not report a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the decrease of aggressive behavior. Significant differences were not found between the experimental and control groups in the development of social interest. Since the teachers did report statistically significant results in this study, it is recommended that these same activities to develop social interest be repeated, that counseling sessions be designed to be more therapeutic, and that additional modeling and role playing be included. It is further recommended that an instrument be developed to measure social interest in children, and that parents and teachers of the children be provided with education and training in Adlerian theory and its application to their interactions with children.

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Tichon, Jennifer Gay. "The internet, social support and young siblings of children with special needs /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16494.pdf.

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NOGUEIRA, JÉSSICA CASTRO. "OBAID SITES: THINGS THAT BOTHER CHILDREN ON THE INTERNET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27600@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta pesquisa teve como intuito verificar quais os principais incômodos e medos de crianças na internet. Foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo da pergunta O que incomodaria ou chatearia crianças de sua idade na internet, parte da pesquisa TIC Kids Online Brasil, realizada pelo Cetic.Br. Os dados analisados contemplaram uma amostra de 1.580 crianças com idades entre 9 e 16 anos em todo o território nacional, no ano de 2012. As respostas foram analisadas com o software ATLAS.ti. Entre os principais resultados, foi observado que o maior incômodo dos respondentes é a conduta das pessoas na internet, através de xingamentos, agressões verbais, invasão de privacidade, entre outros. Esse tipo de comportamento sugere uma possível falta de ética perante o ambiente virtual. Já o conteúdo mais citado foi a pornografia, sendo o mais frequente entre adolescentes e crianças mais velhos – possivelmente demonstrando que esse tipo de conteúdo está disponível e de fácil acesso mesmo sem o interesse nele. Já entre os mais novos, há uma concentração das respostas em torno de conteúdos assustadores – algo já esperado, considerando pesquisas anteriores. Em relação aos medos, coisas assustadoras foram mais citadas, seguido de pessoas desconhecidas. A dissertação indica ser necessária a reflexão sobre a importância da mediação tanto parental quanto institucional no uso e acesso à internet das crianças, por meio de um trabalho coletivo que os conscientize e ajude a lidar com os riscos e as situações citadas por eles.
This research was intended to understand the most common annoyances and fears children face on the internet. To answer that, we analyzed their responses to the question What would bother or upset children your age on the internet?, which is part of the survey TIC Kids Online Brazil, conducted by Cetic.Br. The data were analyzed from a sample of 1,580 Brazilian children with ages between 9 and 16 years, in 2012. The answers were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. Among the main results, it was observed that the biggest annoyance respondents found was coded as people who conduct acts that are considered inappropriate, such as name calling, verbal aggression, invasion of privacy, and so on. This kind of behavior indicates a possible lack of ethics to the virtual environment. The content that was cited the most was pornography, being the most frequent among kids - possibly an indication that this type of content is affordable and easily available, even if you have no interest in it. Among the younger children, there is a concentration of responses around scary content - which corroborates previous research. The scary thing that was most often cited was being contacted by strangers. This work brings out the importance of parental and institutional mediation in children s use of the internet, through a collective work that can bring awareness and help them cope with the risks and situations pointed out by them.

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Asubiaro, Omowumi Modupe. "www.crimesagainstchildren.com : addressing child pornography via the Internet in Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The study focus on child pornography on the Internet as a manifestation of sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children. The debate centres around the exacerbated effect of child pornography on victims and subsequent effects on the society. Ultimately, the study aims to highlight the various legal and non-legal responses specific to child pornography on the Internet with a view to proffer solutions to African states on how to deal with the problem. The study also lend an African voice to the ongoing debate on how to deal with the problem of child pornography on the Internet

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MacArthur, Laurie. "Internet safety for students in elementary schools." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:161.

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Deep, Danielle. "Role of the Internet in the Sexual Exploitation of Children." Thesis, Utica College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10153533.

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The availability of the Internet has become increasingly easier to adolescents due to technological advancements. Children are not only susceptible to predators in parks, shopping malls, and playgrounds but cyberspace as well. An increasing number of adolescents have access to smartphones and tablets allowing their susceptibility to become a cyber victim to increase as parental control may not be present. The purpose of this research was to examine the role of the Internet in the sexual exploitation of children. What are the methods predators use to prey on children? How does the child’s behavior play in their susceptibility to being seduced? What is the role of the education system to protect children? The Internet provides unlimited opportunities for educators to expand on their teaching methods and provide additional knowledge to students. However, security measures are lacking as well as knowledge on the potential dangers of the Internet. Education systems are not mandated to implement Internet safety courses into their curriculum as many educators themselves have a lack of knowledge on the subject. Many parents also have a lack of knowledge on Internet safety and feel that their children may be more tech-savvy, making Internet safety conversations more difficult. This allows a child the opportunity to utilize the Internet unsupervised, as many parental controls can be bypassed. A lack of Internet safety knowledge by authority figures, leaves many children susceptible to predator’s manipulation skills. The manipulative behavior a predator has on a child may even go unnoticed by educators and parents unless steps are taken to communicate with the child and the role of the education system to protect children should be to keep children safe while online. Implementing parental controls, mandatory policies and guidelines in school system’s and taking a lead role in the child’s life is imperative on whether a child is preyed upon by predators: Keywords: Education system, Professor Chris Riddell, Educators, Predators, Online, Internet Safety.

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Williams, Richard Henry. "Die invloed van die internet op die integrasie van rekenaars by 'n laerskool in 'n lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskap in Suid-Afrika." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06182008-123226.

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Liljekvist, Frida. "Children’s Rights: the balance between children’s participation and protection : A policy analysis of the government report “A window of opportunity- a strengthen children’s rights perspective for children in refuges”." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Barn, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151669.

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In November 2016 the Swedish government requested a study where actions were suggested in order to strengthen the children's rights perspective for those children living at refuges. This resulted in the commission of inquiry "A window of opportunity- a strengthen children's rights perspective for children in refuges" (SOU 2017:112). The aim for this paper is to study how this inquiry is constructed and in which way it problematize children's rights and will be guided by three research questions: how is the concept ‘children's rights' problematized in the report SOU 2017:112, how does the problematization of children's rights position children living at the refuges in order to strengthen them as rights holders and what implicit assumptions are made as a way to increase the children's rights perspective for the children living at refuges? To investigate these questions this paper will do a policy analysis based on Carol Bacchi’s (2009) “What’s the Problem Represented to Be?” (WPR) approach. The method is chosen since the WPR-approach is used for the study of policies and especially studies the way a policy constructs a problem. This paper argues that the problematization of children's rights positions the children at the refuges as in need of protection and care and at the same time emphasizes their right to get their voice heard, as they are being active individuals. The urge to strengthen the children is argued to be a way to prevent the children who have experienced violence to become abusive themselves. As such, the conclusion is that a strengthen children's rights perspective for those children living in refuges transmits to them becoming ‘good citizens'.

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Celio, Angela Ann. "Early intervention of eating and weight-related problems via the internet in overweight adolescents : a randomized controlled trial /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170272.

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Pfirrman, Jami L. "Children’s Grief Resources: A Website for Children Grieving the Loss of a Parent and their Caregivers." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1307712808.

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Fergus, Seamus. "Internet Safety for Children : Stranger danger, misbehaviour and problems when online." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70126.

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The Internet has evolved and continues to evolve rapidly and as adults we understand the need to be careful with various issues including our privacy, scams, bullying and as adults we stumble across unwanted material that might be considered inappropriate. Children also need to be protected and this thesis will research what children do when they are online, and what protection is currently given to children. The research will also include input from teachers and parents and find out what experiences they have and what they are doing to protect children. The thesis will involve software testing to evaluate how effective parental control software is, and possibilities of it being hacked. This research will concentrate on smartphones, and in particular the Android operating system, the reason is that Android phones can be purchased cheaper than an iPhone, and therefore are more likely to be used by a child. A developer’s version of Android can also be configured to run it in a virtual machine running on a PC which makes various testing possible. The thesis will also involve reviewing other organisation’s research and findings and how it compares to my own research. The thesis will give advice on how to move forward in relation to keeping children safe online.

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Porter, Ann. "Parents of deaf children seeking information and support on the internet : the Australian experience /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19270.pdf.

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Young, Lap-ping John. "Using cultural perspective to study teenage computer crime." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979415.

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Simmons, Charlotte. "Children, media and regulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13748.

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Each new medium of communication that has emerged over the past century and more has generated concern over its alleged negative effect on children. This concern has (in most cases) generated a moral panic, involving campaigning by moral guardians and office spokespeople, calls for greater regulation and subsequent response from the government or designated regulators. Based on continued inconclusive media effects research and debates over adults' and children's rights, regulation has become increasingly problematic. Such questions as how far you should restrict and protect children and how it may be possible to balance protection with rights, are complex and fraught with practical difficulties. These are the kind of questions that regulators have currently to consider. In addition, media convergence and internet technology threaten traditional regulatory structures. Such developments pose a further regulatory quandary. How are regulators attempting to tackle these issues? The thesis attempts to examine this question by exploring how regulators have responded to panics over children's media and whether their attempts have resulted in robust regulatory systems. The regulation systems analysed embrace advertising and obesity, internet chat-rooms and grooming, video games and violence and cinema regulation (the 12A classification). Case studies of these particular areas of current concern show how regulation has developed and how it works in practice, assess whether such regulation is effective and if not, recommends ways in which it could be improved.

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Razavi, Minoo. "Navigating new national identity online| On immigrant children, identity & the internet." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536645.

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Increased immigration finds children in a quandary to develop an identity consolidating their multiple locales and cultures. Additionally, the internet is highly integrated into children's lives and plays a consequential role in their identity formation processes. "Local culture," as referred to by scholars (e.g. Elias & Lemish 2008, 2009; De Block & Buckingham 2007), is a major influence on diaspora children's identity formation. Unfortunately, "local culture" is not clearly defined in literature thus far; it can refer to any combination of at-home and outside-the-home cultures with which children in a new country interact. This paper delineates parts of local culture in a way prior literature has not and introduces the notion of "new national identity" (NNID) as a component of local culture that immigrant children acquire. NNID is derived from new national culture. It is the culture of the immigrant-receiving nation as commonly available to all immigrants regardless of their ethnic background. The case studies presented here examine NNID acquired through internet usage specifically by Iranian-American and Iranian-Canadian youth. The case studies bring to light the importance of birthplace in how children of the diaspora perceive new national identity. Their perceptions and conceptions of this development can be mitigated by many factors including, but not exclusive to, place of birth, age at which emigration occurs, parental familiarity with new national culture, local social demographics, and local co-ethnic support, to name a few.

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Dunkels, Elza. "Bridging the distance : children's strategies on the internet /." Umeå, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789172643710.

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Dunkels, Elza. "Bridging the distance : children’s strategies on the internet." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Interactive Media and Learning, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1340.

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This thesis deals with the following questions: What do children find negative on the Internet? What counter strategies do they use? How have they developed these strategies? The method used is one-to-one online interviews and the analyses are qualitative in nature. The sample is children in grade 6 of the Swedish compulsory school, aged between 11 and 13. 104 children, 52 girls and 52 boys, from different parts of Sweden were interviewed.

The media debate seems to display consensus regarding what threats the Internet poses to young people. The conclusion of this thesis is, however, that children’s views of the Internet in many ways differ from the media related adult view. The children of this study do not express a great deal of anxiety about the negative sides of the Internet. They are aware of, and can describe many downsides but these are not present in their everyday use of the Internet. Digging deeper it turns out that many children have in fact well-developed counter strategies. However, these strategies are not conscious in the sense that the children discuss them. Instead, they seem integrated in their online environment. The counter strategies have been developed by the children alone or together with peers. In some, but remarkably few, cases adults have been giving tips or teaching the children strategies. Nevertheless, the study does not paint a picture of naïve children, unable to see actual threats, but of responsible young citizens who are aware of the threats that exist in their online setting – sometimes from personal experience – and have developed methods to avoid such threats.

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Butler, Zoe Ann. "Parents' perceptions of their adolescent children's internet use." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4575.

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Parents’ perceptions of their adolescent children’s Internet use significantly influences the parental mediation strategies they choose to use with their children. The motivation for this explorative research study was to understand the impact of psychological and social influences on users of the Internet in South Africa. Both locally and internationally, there is a focus on the use of digital Internet devices to facilitate education. Access of South Africans to the Internet, whether for social or educational use does not exist in a vacuum, exempt from the bidirectional forces of the individual and the environment they use the Internet in, whether it is family or academic. This study firstly focusses on how parents perceive their adolescent children’s Internet use, and secondly, how they parent their children’s use of the Internet. The common topics and themes that emerged from this study allow for the development and provision of professional services that individuals, couples, families, and groups require for the use of, or exposure to the Internet. This study uses an explorative-descriptive qualitative research design with an interpretive paradigm and snowball sampling. The qualitative research design focussed on the concepts of self-reflexivity, context, and thick description while utilizing multivocality of 1) international and South African research on cyber citizenship, including cyberbullying, cyber harassment, and legal consequences, with 2) psychological aspects of the psychosocial developmental challenges of adolescents from the iGeneration including the benefits, risks, and dangers of using the Internet, and 3) qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews with parents from Generation X who are raising and educating a generation of children on the other side of the Digital Divide. Tracy’s 8 ‘Big-Tent’ criteria for guiding excellence in qualitative research and Tesch’s model of content analysis was used during the content analysis process. Themes and sub-themes that emerged from the analysis of the participants’ narratives included 1) experiences: positive and negative, 2) observations: behavioural changes and gender differences, 3) parenting methods: parental interaction, rules, and limits, 4) concerns: risks, and 5) opinions: personal views. This research study provides a thick description of South African and international literature and combines the literature with the voices of the participants and the researcher to produce discussions based on the findings of this qualitative study. Conclusions, recommendations, and limitations of this study informed future research on cyber citizenship by providing a detailed understanding of the context of South African parents and children, the psychosocial developmental challenges of adolescents and, how educational programmes can be best created to effectively impact on the generations of parents, teachers and children in South Africa.

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Rysiew, Kathy J. "Multipotentiality in gifted youth : a nine-year follow-up study." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35328.

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While the concept of multipotentiality is often referred to in the giftedness literature, implicit and explicit definitions of the concept change from author to author. Additionally, few empirical studies have been done to provide support for the many anecdotal claims made about multipotentiality. The present nine-year follow-up study (N = 180) of gifted youth (mean age = 20.2 years) provides evidence that many gifted individuals may indeed be multipotentialed. The definition of multipotentiality ("the ability and desire to pursue different activities and goals") used to operationalize the concept was validated by six experts in the field. Degree of multipotentiality was found to be significantly related to SES, verbal IQ, variety of interests and abilities, participation in leisure activities, answer-seeking, attitude towards school, and several scores derived from the 1993/94 administration of the Strong Interest Inventory. Multipotentiality was not, however, found to be related to Holland's (1985) concepts of differentiation, consistency, or vocational identity. It thus appears that experience with activities and perhaps motivation to learn contribute to the phenomenon of multipotentiality. Little evidence was found to support the contention reported in the giftedness literature that multipotentiality leads to career indecision. Additionally, few career-related experiences were found to differentiate between more or less "successful" multipotentialed subjects, although those who scored highest on the Vocational Identity Scale were more active in their career deciding (prioritizing and focusing interests) and less likely to view career planning as a frustrating and on-going process. Direction of causality for all of the mentioned results is unknown, and many avenues for future research including nongifted subjects have been illuminated.

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Hannigan, Kerry. "Protection and security in a technologically advanced society : children and young people's perspectives." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21562.

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The continuous advancement of new technology, specifically in the area of internet technology, has led to an increase in concerns surrounding children and young people’s safety when online. The following thesis describes a study of protection and security on the internet from the perspective of children and young people and contributes and expands on the findings of my Masters Dissertation which examined parents’ perceptions of children at risk on the internet. The research focuses on young people’s perspectives about what risks they face and what would keep them safe and is set within literature on child sex abusers and internet grooming. The thesis is based on an online survey which gathered information about the behaviour and opinions of 859 children and young people living in Scotland. Findings were separated into four main topics: children and young people’s behaviour on the internet, children and young people’s perception of strangers both online and offline, children and young people’s opinion of education on internet safety and children and young people’s opinion of the government’s role in relation to their safety online. Respondents’ stated that they wanted to be protected when on the internet (whilst acknowledging their own responsibility when online), either by the government or through those responsible for the content of the internet. They also provided several suggestions on how schools and the government can do more to listen to their voices and improve internet safety education. There were a number of children and young people who reported that they disclosed personal information over the internet (their own and that of their friends and family) and that they were willing to meet people in the real environment whom they had been communicating with online: many respondents’ viewed internet ‘strangers’ as different from ‘strangers’ in the real environment. Vygotsky’s (1978) theory of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Wood et al.’s (1976) development of the concept of scaffolding, which has been developed in an educational rather than criminological context, were identified as offering some promise for explaining the behaviour of both the victims and the offender as other theories of sexual offending (either specific theories or explanations developed from general theories) are incapable of fully providing an explanation that will encompass grooming in general and online grooming in particular. It is argued that if these theories are applied to internet safety education they have the potential to empower children and young people and make grooming tactics and approaches less effective. The findings also indicated that more child and young people-oriented protection measures may be needed. Perceptions of protection and security on the internet were wide ranging but respondents were keen to provide possible solutions and examples of how to improve their safety when online. This would suggest that communicating with children and young people when developing policy, legislation, research and educational materials is the way forward if we wish to improve their safety and eliminate or reduce the dangers they face when using the internet.

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Roller, James Paul. "Curriculum, communication and the internet: A project involving gifted special needs children creating curriculum for special needs children with autism." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1365.

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Trisnadi-Rages, Leo Vivara. "An ecological systems approach to reduce children's encounters with obscenity on the internet." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4887.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 10, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Grimes, Sara M. "Online multiplayer games: a virtual space for intellectual property debates? /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2163.

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van, Aswegen Ellie Christoffina. "A design-based research study exploring student interest in an early learning enrichment program." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389518.

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It has been a decade since the Prime Minister’s Science, Engineering and Innovation Council (2009) recommended that programs and resources be developed that take advantage of the sensitive periods for developing skills, preparing young children for formal education. More recently, a Grattan Institute report called for policy reforms recommending that: all teachers be provided with practical tools as well as evidence-based techniques and strategies to create a learning climate and to identify triggers for student disengagement, so they can adapt and improve their approaches (Goss & Sonnemann, 2017). ‘Student engagement’ has also recently been positioned as an important outcome in the newly developed Australian school performance framework (Commonwealth of Australia, 2018, p. 4.12). Engagement matters because when students are engaged in class, they learn more (Goss & Sonnemann, 2017). In response to these recommendations, this study explored student engagement and curiosity, the indicators of interest, by designing an enrichment program for the early years. The enrichment program was based on an educational, biological and psychological rationale. Montessori's Philosophy of Education and Vygotsky's Social Development Theory provided a constructivist educational perspective on learning and a framework for developing the enrichment program. From the biological perspective it focussed on the early years when young brains are primed for learning with synaptic formation in the prefrontal cortex at its highest and young children in the sensitive period for language development. From a psychological perspective, the multiple-intelligences model (Gardner, 1983/2011) provided a holistic view of the enrichment response and the program curriculum. A broad-based, content-rich curriculum was delivered via an intentional–constructivist teaching approach. Over a period of three years, four-and five-year old children in a pre-preparatory classroom undertook the enrichment program. The outcomes of this research were derived from three types of data: questionnaires and tests; observations made from video recordings and photos; and teacher talk. After three comprehensive cycles of the design-based research process the enrichment program was designed, evaluated, refined and redesigned. Factors impacting interest as indicated by engagement (behavioural, emotional and cognitive) and curiosity were identified and the process of interest development within the program was explored. It was evident that a range of factors had an impact on engagement and curiosity, providing III strategies and evidence-based techniques, most of which could be leveraged to enhance interest. Exploring the process of interest development in the program revealed that interest was integral to learning and a key factor in creating a learning culture. The strength of this research lies in identifying and consolidating the many factors impacting interest, and incorporating insights into an enrichment program, a practical manifestation of the research. The research was also able to conceptualise the process of interest development in an enrichment program addressing an identified gap in early childhood education. Recommendations associated with practice, policy as well as recommendations regarding future research initiatives emerged from the findings. This research provides a foundational step to enhancing early childhood teaching practices that aim to take advantage of the learning potential of young children.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School Educ & Professional St
Arts, Education and Law
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Holmes, Jane M. "A comparion of clinic versus internet administered treatment of childhood anxiety /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18671.pdf.

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Gore, Sabra Ladd. "Effective science communication to children via a health-related Web site." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/178.

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Kloess, Juliane. "An investigation into online sexual grooming and abuse of children via internet technologies." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5639/.

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This thesis investigates offences of online sexual grooming and abuse of children via Internet technologies. The literature review of online child sexual exploitation (Chapter 1) demonstrated that there is a lack of research studying this phenomenon using real-world data. This is followed by four empirical chapters (Chapters 2-5). Chapter 2 reports on a study that examined offenders’ (n = 5) modus operandi as part of sexually exploitative interactions with victims through transcripts of chat logs. Interactions were of a highly sexual nature, in which offenders used a range of manipulative strategies to engage victims. In Chapter 3, a descriptive account of the offence processes of these interactions (n = 29) is provided. Offenders employed either an indirect or a direct approach, further reflected in the types of strategies they used. Two offenders (indirect) engaged in aspects of sexual grooming; the majority of interactions by the other three offenders (direct) lacked features thereof. Chapter 4 examined victims’ (n = 22) behaviour and responses to approaches by offenders within their interactions. Most victims appeared to engage therein out of curiosity and sexual exploration/experimentation, while other victims presented with vulnerability factors (e.g., personal/psychological problems, sexual abuse experiences) that may have made them more vulnerable to contact by offenders, leading to serious offences of sexual abuse. Finally, to gain a fuller understanding of offenders’ point of view, their lived experiences of sexual grooming offences were explored through qualitative interviews (Chapter 5). Offenders employed narratives of ‘being trapped in a lie’ and ‘repenting a moral error’, through which they described the meaning they attach to these experiences. The overall discussion (Chapter 6) considers the findings of the review and research, and concludes with a discussion of limitations, implications and areas for future research.

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Семенов, Євгеній Олександрович, and Ірина Вікторівна Гуренко. "Безпека у використанні мережі Internet дітьми та підлітками." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2011. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/29730.

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Життя сучасної людини, важко уявити без використання новітніх видів техніки та сучасних інформаційних технологій, у тому числі комп'ютерної мережі Internet. Людству необхідно сконцентрувати свої зусилля для вирішення питання з безпеки використання комп'ютерних мереж та припинення розповсюдження небезпек. Необхідно відзначити, що ці питання повинні вирішуватись не тільки на державному рівні в кожній країни, але й на світовому рівні.
The life of the modern man is hard to imagine without the use of new types of technology and modern information technologies, including computer on the Internet. Mankind must concentrate their efforts to address the issue of safety of computer networks and stop the spread of hazards. It should be noted that these issues be resolved not only at the national level in each country, but also worldwide.

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Cheung, Lai-yi. "A study of a Hong Kong primary school students' usage of the internet as an e-learning tool." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31598729.

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Brown, Janet M. "The enemy in the screen a collective case study on perpetrators of Internet crimes against children /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2008. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Löfberg, Cecilia. "Möjligheternas arena? : barns och ungas samtal om tjejer, killar, känslor och sexualitet på en virtuell arena /." Stockholm : Pedagogiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7678.

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Benkienė, Gidita. "Mokyklos nelankančių rizikos grupės vaikų interesų ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050607_105431-32308.

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Non attendance of school is a worldwide problem. It existed for ages. However it got to be comprehensive when we began to realize the policy (the law of education of Lithuania claims that all children and teenagers under 16 must attend school) of compulsory education. Many teachers and parents encounter unwillingness of children to learn and attend school and face the problem of nonattendance. While taking care of nonattendance of pupils, it is important to characterize them. These pupils usually have no wish to attend or attend not properly, commit crimes or stay in the street. At school they irritate teachers, prevent from giving lessons, have problems in learning. Such children feel repudiated by their friends, avoid showing their feelings and joking, they are unable to concentrate and are impulsive. Very often such children are either super responsible or having no responsibility at all. They are very difficult to communicate, don’t think about possible consequences, difficult to achieve aims. Not full and discordant families, use of drugs and alcohol in families, constant rows and conflicts between parents, lack of emotional relationship between parents and children, various mistakes of upbringing and other possible factors negatively influence child’s personality and forming of his interests. Organizing the activity of children we have to stimulate their interests, excite their curiosity and purposefully direct this activity. Intending to change the attitude of risk... [to full text]

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Moyse, Karen Ina. "Developing freedom : behavioural and social freedoms for children via mobile phones and internet devices." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2016. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/24207/.

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Middle years children (7-12 years) engaging with mobile phones has become a very normal part of their behaviour in recent years. It is an important issue for psychologists to explore in relation to learning about children’s development and behaviour currently. The internet is part of the mobile phone, so one cannot be explored without looking at the other. Much of the evidence that exists has explored children’s use of the internet, but there is less evidence available about children using mobile phones. Only recently has evidence started to emerge. Questions were devised for this research project asking children (7 – 12 years) about the meaning of mobile phones / internet devices, as well as investigating children’s use of these devices on the parenting role. A qualitative research approach was taken in order to investigate children's views and parents' views, so that in-depth knowledge could be gained. Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) theory on social development was incorporated as the underpinning theory for this research, to assist in understanding children’s social development in different social settings. Critical realism (Maxwell, 2012) was selected as the epistemological approach as it allowed participants' realities to be considered closely alongside established knowledge. As children's use of the mobile phone is a new behaviour for them, established knowledge and views from the field of young people’s use of mobile phones was included but separately; allowing children's realities to be considered and compared within a wider social context. A triangulated research design was thus adopted; comparing the views of these different groups of participants (children, parents and young people). Focus group interviews were undertaken with all participants, along with individual interviews for children. Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2013) was applied to analyze all participants' views. Three main themes emerged: 1. Appropriate communications, where children's views about communicating appropriately on their devices were revealed; 2. Freedom, highlighting freedom as an emerging concept for children, where mobile phones particularly played an important role in creating opportunities for children to develop freedom both behaviourally and socially; 3. Time, the final theme shows how parents were thinking about children's use of these devices across time, as a way of understanding their social development. It was revealed that the mobile phone was used as a resource within the parenting role, helping parents to manage children’s behaviour. These themes together form a framework for exploring children’s use of mobile / internet devices. The research also explored some of the social processes underlying interactions between children and parents around children’s devices. It included the unique nature of this cohort of children as early users of mobile phones, as well as parents’ concerns about their children’s use of them. In conclusion this research project, by exploring children's realities alongside those of young people and parents, has helped to develop an understanding about children’s behaviour in a contemporary context through their use of mobile / internet devices, for one group of children. It has also demonstrated how freedom can emerge for children within different social settings (Bronfenbrenner’s settings, 1979). Further research will need to be undertaken with middle years children to see if similar findings are revealed.

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Elliott, Eloise. "Designing, Piloting, and Evaluating the Interdisciplinary Internet Module - Healthy Hearts for Intermediate Grade Children." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30697.

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Two issues are prevalent today in K-6 education-- the integration of the Internet into schools, and the emphasis on guiding children to make wise and healthy lifestyle choices. These are the two themes reflected in this study. The purpose of this study was to design, pilot, and evaluate the Interdisciplinary Internet Module - Healthy Hearts (IIM-HH), an on-line four-week learning module for intermediate grade children. The module was developed to educate youngsters about cardiovascular health, and to encourage them to adopt healthy lifestyles and practice making wise health decisions. The module, delivered via the Internet, allows for interactive, self-directed student learning. It also provides intermediate grade teachers with a valuable resource for teaching important healthy lifestyle concepts, as well as a valuable resource for successful implementation of the Internet into existing curriculums. The Module was piloted with two 5th grade classrooms (N=41) and their teachers (N=2). Qualitative findings from multiple data collection sources provided in-depth insights into the content and technical functionality of the module, and participants' recommendations for change. The formative evaluation revealed the changes that needed to be made before implementation with a large population could be successful. It also revealed that the IIM-HH has the potential to be an effective and motivational instructional unit for both students and teachers.
Ph. D.

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Dennis, Andrea L. "Children in the net the use of technology and the Internet in the classroom /." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2009. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Dennis_AMITthesis2009.pdf.

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Zeug, Nicole M. Ala'i-Rosales Shahla S. "Increasing activities and interests in a child dually diagnosed with PDD-NOS and DS." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9003.

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da, Silva Ramos Cristhiane, and cristhiane ramos@rmit edu au. "Establishing fundamental theories for internet atlas realisation with application in the Brazilian primary education system." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070109.100627.

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This thesis addresses a research programme that aimed to provide an open standard methodology for publishing Brazilian local primary school atlases on the World Wide Web. It also aims to contribute to the use of computer laboratories provided to Brazilian primary schools by the Brazilian government. Using a local school atlas as the source of information, a Web-based prototype of the School Atlas of Rio Claro (SP) was developed in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). SVG is a vector-based standard for publishing interactive graphics on the Web validated by the Web Consortium. This prototype was tested with a group of Brazilian primary school teachers. The test was conducted with fourteen teachers, all of them were familiar with the paper version of the School Atlas. During weekly meetings, the participants took notes to discuss and reflect about the practices held in school with local maps. The main test carried out with teachers was to prepare a paper activity based on the atlas content. The idea behind this activity was to foster teachers to leave a passive role as mere users and interact with the product in a more active fashion. In order to enable them to take full advantage of simple digital tools they were briefly trained to capture screen, use image editing software (they were instructed on the use of Paint, an image editing application available in Windows), and to copy text from the atlas. The results demonstrated that the teachers were keen to interact with the product and, although reproducing some common practices of paper atlas use, they revealed a deep interest on the use of the Internet as a medium for education and the prototype itself. A second test was carried out with a group of atlas developers. They were given a time frame of two weeks to develop an SVG-based atlas using the methodology proposed in this research. They completed the task within the time frame proposed however they indicated that more specific training should be desirable; this finding indicates the need to introduce digital map publishing as a subject to be taught in geosciences undergraduate courses in Brazil. It is believed that open standard methodology proposed here can be applied to other cities also developing local atlases for early geographical education.

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Lynch, Dianne. "Rehearsing the real : children's identity development in virtual spaces." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100647.

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Children who have grown up with the Internet as a dominant form of cultural production bring to their identity development a complex and unique set of expectations and assumptions about identity fluidity and presentation. In addition, these "cyberchildren" are spending much of their social-interaction time in environments populated and controlled by adults, and yet beyond the purview or authority of the adults in their "real" lives. Understanding the nature of their identity development in virtual spaces and its implications for their real-world behaviors offers new opportunities for interventions that more effectively empower children to navigate and negotiate their experiences in relationship with online audiences. The study proposes that Goffman's dramaturgical metaphor can be productively applied to cyberspace, where children are rehearsing their identity performances in backstage, virtual environments; transferring their most salient and valuable identities to middle-stage spaces in real life, where they are performed for their peers and friends; and finally adopting them for presentation in front-stage, public spheres. The work draws on sociological interaction, dramaturgical analysis, information flow theory, and cyberstudies theory to propose a new theoretical framework. Its mixed-methodology approach incorporates a quantitative online survey, including benchmark questions drawn from three national surveys, and open-ended questions analyzed through qualitative methodologies. Taken together, the results confirmed the author's hypotheses that: (1) Cyberchildren have access to adult information and situations; (2) Traditional interventions to protect children in cyberspace are largely ineffective; (3) Cyberchildren maintain distinct online and real-life identities; and (4) Cyberchildren perceive of their virtual identities as valuable and salient.

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Trinneer, Anne. "Teaching children about Internet safety: An evaluation of the effectiveness of an interactive computer game." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27303.

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The effectiveness of an interactive computer game designed to alert children to dangers on the Internet and to encourage them to develop their own guidelines for Internet safety is assessed. Pre- and post-test data were collected from a treatment (n = 181) and comparison group (n = 157) of Grade 6 and 7 students from 8 elementary schools in and around a large Western Canadian city. Reported frequencies of risky online behaviours, Internet safety-related attitudes, and number of Internet safety guidelines were measured in a questionnaire format. Initial frequencies of risky online behaviours and attitudes were quite low, making it difficult to demonstrate change due to playing the computer game. Subjects who had played the game, however, wrote more Internet safety guidelines than did those who had not. These positive results for the safety guidelines provide promising initial evidence that this computer game can be used effectively as part of an Internet safety program in schools. Methodological limitations are discussed to provide direction for future research in this area.

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Ibrahim, Kamal Dokurugu. "Exploring the cultural conceptualisations and understandings of child fostering and the concept of the child's best interests among the Dagomba of northern Ghana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33296.

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Anthropological and demographic studies show that in sub-Sahara Africa a large proportion of non-orphaned children (up to 1/3 in many communities) live with neither parent but often with relatives for a significant part of their childhood. This practice is referred to as child fostering or fosterage. Child fostering is therefore understood in the literature as the transfer, and/or sharing, of parental responsibility of children and young people or simply the movement of children and young people between and within families. The practice is both an age-old and a modern phenomenon which has implications in the daily and future lives of those children involved including their nutrition, health, education, migration and ultimately their best interests. Depending on the context, culture, rationale and families involved in the fostering of a particular child the practice is carried out differently across geographies and sometimes within geographies as a result of which it deserves academic attention. The overarching aim of this study is therefore to explore the cultural conceptualisations and understandings of child fostering and the concept of the child's best interests among the Dagomba of northern Ghana. The study also examines the challenges of existing legislation and policies in Ghana regarding the practice. The study employed a qualitative research approach and involved children and young people, birth and foster parents and professionals who influence policies about children and young people in Ghana. In total, 42 respondents participated in individual interviews. I also used 'spider diagrams' as a supplementary research instrument for children and young people because I considered these child-friendly, fun and culturally appropriate for their ages (See Appendix IX). The emergent themes are explored and discussed in four findings chapters under part four of the thesis. The majority of respondents demonstrated extensive knowledge about child fostering and the concept of the child's best interests. Respondents' critical views and their recommendations for legislation and policy in Ghana are reflected on in the penultimate chapter. Finally, recommendations are made by way of contribution to theory, policy and practice. The research also suggests areas for future research by way of a reflection.

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De, Lange Mariska. "Guidelines to establish an e-safety awareness in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007863.

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of almost every individual’s life. Although ICT, particularly the Internet, might offer numerous opportunities, individuals should also be aware of the associated risks. Especially with the younger generations who can be seen as being the most vulnerable to online dangers as they are becoming more involved in online activities. Children are utilizing new technologies from an early age and should know how to keep themselves and others safe whilst accessing the Internet. However, most of them do not have the required knowledge and expertise to protect themselves. This is because, under most circumstances, the parents do not understand their children’s online behaviours and activities and are, therefore, unable to teach their children how to utilize it safe and responsibly. A school can be seen as the perfect place to teach children safe online behaviours. However, there is currently a definite lack of e-Safety in South African schools, because no e-Safety policies are in place and there is little or nothing in curricula with regards to e-Safety. This can lead to additional concerns. The primary objective of this research study is, therefore, to develop, motivate and verify a framework that might contribute towards the development of an e-Safety culture. This e-Safety culture should allow individuals to adapt their behavior towards the secure utilization of ICT. However, for the purpose of this research study, the focus will primarily be on learners from primary and secondary schools.

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Винник, Аліна Василівна. "Безпека використання Інтернету дітьми та підлітками." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2013. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/29750.

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Безпеці використання мережі Інтернет дітьми та підлітками не приділяється належної уваги, як батьками так і в державі взагалі. Батьки повинні більше цікавитись чим цікавиться їхня дитина в мережі, та допомагати дитині освоїтись у сучасному інформаційному просторі.
Safety use of the Internet and young children has been neglected as parents and the state vzahali. Batky be more interested in what their child is interested in the network, and help your child get comfortable in the modern information environment.

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Snyder, Caroline Elizabeth. "Increasing Children's Interest in Augmentative and Alternative Communication Apps for iPad." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1399459343.

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West, Erin Marie. "Parents' Perceptions of Young Children's Social Interest Experiences: An Interpretive Description." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1467364191.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intersex children'

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