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1
Hovanyan, Anna. "Fitness-density relationship and interspecific competition in imago and larval fleas /." [Sede Boqer] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, 2006. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/HovhanyanAnna.pdf.
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Liu, Hui. "Interspecific hybridization in Leucadendron : capacity building and phylogenetic insights." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0181.
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Flowers from members of the genus Leucadendron have colourful bracts and long vase life that make them highly desirable cut-flowers. Breeding programs based on interspecific hybridization would encounter difficulty if pre- or post-fertilization barriers exist in the distant crosses. Embryo rescue is one of the commonly used approaches to overcome post-fertilization barriers in wide hybridization. In this study, intersectional and intersubsectional hybridization of Leucadendron was attempted. Observation of pollen-pistil interactions revealed that post-zygotic rejection was the main reason for the incompatibility of the crosses, therefore embryo rescue was adopted and a protocol was developed to raise the hybrids. To better understand the genome structure in the genus, karyotypes of selected species were analyzed. Chromosome examination indicated that all (27) Leucadendron species examined were diploid and had a chromosome number of 2n = 26. The chromosomes were small in size and had predominantly median to submedian centromeres. The karyotypes of the species were rather symmetrical and seemed to be primitive according to Stebbins' karyotype classification. DNA based PCR-RFLP and RAMP markers were developed to identify Leucadendron hybrids at an early age. RAMP analysis showed more discrimination in identifying Leucadendron hybrids than did PCR-RFLP. The occurrence of PCR recombination also proved to be a troublesome issue when using the PCR-RFLP method, whereas the clarity of the interpretion of the RAMP method was not influenced by PCR recombination. Interspecific hybridization in a breeding program can provide valuable information on grouping of the species for systematic purposes. Regression analysis between cross success rate and cpDNA character difference revealed that there was a highly significant correlation between them. Patterns of success for intersectional hybridizations in Leucadendron were generally consistent with current taxonomic hypotheses regarding the sectional division of the genus. Success was generally lower for intersectional crosses than for intrasectional crosses.
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Rowland, Lindsey Claire. "Relationship of Reproductive Timing and Climate Change to the Displacement of Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis by Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1055963515.
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Mamoozadeh, Nadya. "Evaluation of Population Structure and the Interspecific Relationship of Striped Marlin (Kajikia Audax) and White Marlin (K. Albida) Based on Traditional or Genome-Wide Molecular Markers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192501.
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The istiophorid billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, and sailfish) are highly migratory pelagic fishes exhibiting broad and continuous spatial distributions in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. These species are targeted by a number of recreational, commercial, artisanal, and subsistence fisheries worldwide, and are also caught as bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish. Though stock assessments have not been conducted for all istiophorids, assessments available for some species indicate that many istiophorid stocks are overfished and/or experiencing overfishing. However, the development of stock-specific recovery efforts is often impeded by a lack of information on basic species biology, including stock structure. The species status of some istiophorids is also uncertain, further complicating management efforts as well as strategies to conserve genetic diversity characteristic of distinct evolutionary lineages. In this dissertation, a molecular approach is used to address questions currently contributing uncertainty to the conservation and management of two istiophorid billfishes, white marlin (Kajikia albida) and striped marlin (K. audax). These closely related sister species are distributed in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans, respectively. Previous assessment of genetic population structure for white marlin based on mitochondrial (mt) DNA and five nuclear microsatellite markers suggested the possibility of population structuring for this species; however, results from the evaluation of mtDNA and 24 microsatellites across a larger number of samples, including a collection of larvae, are consistent with the presence of a single genetic stock (Chapter II). This result highlights the importance of analyses based on large numbers of molecular markers and samples, as well as a biologically informed sampling design, for studies of population structure in highly migratory pelagic species. Compared to the apparent lack of genetic population structure for white marlin, analysis of nearly 4,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers across collections of striped marlin from the Pacific and, for the first time, Indian oceans resolved multiple genetically distinct populations (Chapter III). These populations correspond with striped marlin sampled from the western Indian Ocean, Oceania, North Pacific Ocean, and eastern central Pacific Ocean. Results from individual-based cluster analyses also suggest the presence of a second genetically distinct population in the North Pacific Ocean. Comparisons of replicate sample collections for some regions demonstrate the stability of allele frequencies across multiple generations. Finally, the uncertain species status of striped marlin and white marlin was evaluated using over 12,000 genome-wide SNPs surveyed across large numbers of exemplars per species (white marlin: n = 75, striped marlin: n = 250; Chapter IV). Results from individual-based cluster and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses suggest the presence of distinct evolutionary lineages for striped marlin and white marlin. This result is consistent with levels of genetic differentiation between striped marlin and white marlin which are an order of magnitude higher than those calculated between populations of striped marlin. Collectively, results of this dissertation provide practical insights for improving the conservation and management of white marlin and striped marlin, including revised stock structures which should be recognized in assessment and management plans for striped marlin. Future genomic studies should focus on addressing uncertainties regarding rangewide stock structure and species relationships for other istiophorids. Additionally, studies which continue to improve the genomic resources available for istiophorid billfishes and other large pelagic fishes may ultimately facilitate the evaluation of questions previously unexplored for the pelagic marine environment, such as localized adaptation and speciation.
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Jeannin, Sarah. "La relation homme-animal : étude de la communication vocale adressée au chien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100172/document.
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Lorsqu’ils s’adressent à leur chien beaucoup de propriétaires ont une modalité vocale particulière : le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie. Ce registre de communication ressemble beaucoup à celui utilisé par les parents lorsqu’ils s’adressent à leurs nourrissons. Ce qui suggère des soubassements communs. Ces deux registres partagent des caractéristiques qui les distinguent du discours adressé à l’adulte, comme une fréquence fondamentale plus élevée et une modulation plus importante. Une série d’expériences réalisées à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, nous a permis d’étudier comment le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie intervient dans l’interaction homme-chien. Le premier chapitre montre que les caractéristiques acoustiques et verbales du discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie varient en fonction du contexte de l’interaction. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse à la manière dont le chien traite l’information vocale humaine, nos résultats suggèrent de manière générale un biais en faveur de l’hémisphère droit. Le troisième chapitre indique que le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie augmente significativement l’attention du chien. Ce phénomène n’est pas perçu par les observateurs humains comme le montre le quatrième chapitre. A travers l’ensemble de ces études, essentiellement centrées sur le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie, nous mettons en lumière la complexité de la communication homme-chienWhen addressing their dogs, owners often use a special speech register called pet-directed-speech. This communication modality is very similar to infant-directed-speech used by parents when speaking to young children, which suggests common bases. These two types of speech share characteristics that differ from those of adult-directed-speech, such as a higher fundamental frequency and greater modulations. A series of experiments carried out at the National Veterinary School of Alfort allowed us to explore how pet-directed-speech occurs in the human-dog interaction. The first chapter shows that acoustic and verbal features of pet-directed-speech vary according to the interaction context. The second chapter aims to highlight how dogs process human vocal information; overall, our results reveal a right hemispheric advantage. The third chapter indicates that pet-directed-speech increases significantly dogs’ attentional state. This phenomenon is not perceived by human observers, as it is shown in chapter four. Together, these studies which mainly focused on pet-directed-speech bring to light the complexity of the human-dog communication
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Maguire, Tina Louise. "Genetic diversity and interspecific relationships in Banksia L.f., (Proteaceae)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm2132.pdf.
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Copy of author's previously presented paper inserted. Bibliography: leaves 187-218. This thesis aims to increase knowledge essential for conservation biology and for focused and efficient breeding of banksias. Interspecific hybridisation is assessed as a potential breeding tool, and for the assessment of species relationships within the genus. Species relationships within Banksia are also assessed using molecular techniques. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are assessed for their usefulness at various taxonomic levels within the genus. The results indicate a close relationship between Banksia and Dryandra, which are sister genera in the tribe Banksiae, family Proteaceae.
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Holt, Alison R. "Positive interspecific abundance occupancy relationships : a test of mechanisms." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246979.
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Gensler, Arminda L. "Genetic Investigation of Interspecific and Intraspecific Relationships Within the Genus Rapana." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617768.
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Leung, Tommy Ling Fong, and n/a. "Interspecific and intraspecific interactions of trematodes parasitising the New Zealand cockle Austrovenus stutchburyi." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090105.160127.
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Most organisms are rarely infected with just a single species of parasite and are usually simultaneously infected with a range of species. Thus, the parasite fauna of a host represents an entire community composed of multiple individuals from many different species. In nature, it is within the host that parasites can encounter conspecifics and individuals from other species. As in any ecosystem, while such interactions between parasites can be antagonistic due to competition or conflicting interests, association between different species can also be beneficial.
In this thesis, I investigated patterns of associations between parasites in the New Zealand cockle Austrovenus stutchburyi through a combination of descriptive and experimental studies employing both standard ecological field techniques and molecular biology methods.
It was found that the presence and infection intensity of various parasites species are not independent of each other. Among cockles, an association was found between two trematode taxa, i.e. between the infection intensity by foot-encysting echinostomes and the metacercariae of Gymnophallus sp. It was also found that the presence of the parasitic copepod Pseudomyicola spinosus was associated with greater infection intensity by the echinostomes but not Gymnophallus sp. While it was postulated that the positive association between the echinostomes and Gymnophallus sp. was due to the latter�s preference to infect cockles that are stranded on the sediment surface as a result of heavy echinostome metacercariae burden in their foot, a field experiment found that Gymnophallus cercariae did not preferentially infect cockles that have been forced to remain above the sediment surface as opposed to those that were forced to remain buried.
Meanwhile, the two species of echinostomes known to encyst in the cockle�s foot, Acanthoparyphium sp. and Curtuteria australis, were found to represent cryptic species complexes. The presence of such cryptic species means that it is possible that some potential interspecific interactions are overlooked.
A study of the population structure of Gymnophallus sp. found that each cockle contains multiple genetically distinct individuals and that clonal individuals rarely co-occur in the same cockle. This adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that in addition to acting as a means of reaching the definitive host, the second intermediate host also acts to promote genetic diversity by accumulating cercariae shed by multiple first intermediate hosts in the environment.
An experimental infection study conducted with Curtuteria australis cercariae deriving from singly-infected first intermediate hosts revealed that different clonal lineages varied with respect to their contribution to host manipulation. It was found that while certain lineages have a preference for host manipulation, others tend to adopt a "hitch-hiker"-type life history strategy. However, this genetic predisposition was also found to be a phenotypically plastic trait, as the presence of a higher number of manipulators seems to encourage newly-arrived cercariae to become manipulators, regardless of clonal lineage.
This thesis provides evidence that patterns of interactions can affect various aspects of parasite life history. Apart from host condition, parasites can also be affected by other parasites. Studying the dynamics of mixed infections can provide informative insights for evolutionary and ecological research.
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Meiners, Julia [Verfasser]. "Genetic relationships and interspecific hybridisations in the genus Helleborus and characterisation of the causal agent of hellebore leaf spot disease / Julia Meiners." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013472764/34.
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Oliveira, Guilherme Antunes de. "Pensar nos bichos : afetos e políticas da proteção animal." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8873.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As an ethnography about interspecific relationships – between humans and animals – in urban contexts, this dissertation aims to reflect about the actions related to the management and protection of animal life within institutional and domestic scopes. From the contact with activist groups in two cities in the state of São Paulo it was possible to observe situations that alternate between containment and propitiation measures and their consequent interferences in a conviviality supported by the principle of animal protection. Government and activism – as well as the perceptions and conceptions of the domestic animal resulting from their respective actions – allow a theoretical and methodological reflection on the binomial established between culture and nature, when they reveal conflicts and possible ambivalences of animal protection, situated between control and hosting measures that, consequently, are linked to affectivities and legal issues. Ethical arguments, contained in laws and public policies, as well as the appeal to the sensitive dimension, eventually triggered by activism, also provide subsidies to understanding other concepts - such as welfare and animal rights – and these interspecific relationships mediated by emotions and reason, both tangents to the moral condition of the animal as part of a predominantly human socius.
Como uma etnografia acerca de relações interespecíficas – entre humanos e animais – em contextos urbanos, este trabalho visa refletir sobre as ações envolvidas na gestão e tutela da vida animal no âmbito institucional e doméstico. A partir do contato com grupos ativistas em dois municípios paulistas, foram observadas situações que se alternam entre medidas de contenção e de propiciação e suas consequentes interferências num convívio amparado pelo princípio da proteção aos animais. Tanto o poder público como o ativismo – bem como as percepções e concepções sobre o animal doméstico resultantes de suas respectivas ações – possibilitam uma reflexão de ordem teórico-metodológica do binômio estabelecido entre cultura e natureza, ao apresentarem os conflitos e as possíveis ambivalências da proteção animal, situados entre medidas de controle e de acolhimento e, por conseguinte, imbricados a afetividades e juridicidades. Argumentos éticos, presentes em legislações e em políticas públicas, e o apelo à dimensão do sensível, eventualmente acionado pelas atividades militantes, também fornecem subsídios à compreensão de outros conceitos – como bem-estar animal e direitos animais – e dessas relações interespecíficas mediadas por emoções e razões, ambas tangentes à condição moral do animal enquanto parte de um socius predominantemente humano.
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Huang, Shen-Fu, and 黃詵富. "Variation of ploidy and its relationship with plant characteristics in progenies of interspecific hybrid between A.hypogaea and A. villosa." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50923278923853976732.
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Tan, Jean Chuen, and 簡春潭. "Studies on interspecific phylogenetic relationships and." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09812711657606881828.
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博士國立海洋大學
漁業學系
84
onomy;allozyme;mtDNA;nucleotide sequencing;Taiwan 本論文使用形態學方法、同功異構■澱粉膠電泳法及粒線體 DNA核 ■酸序列分析法探討台灣周邊海域鯛亞科 5種魚類之種間親緣關係，並 使用後兩種方法探討黑鯛屬 4種魚類之種內族群遺傳。 鯛亞科5 種魚之種間親緣關係，在屬之水平上，三種方法之結果頗 為一致；但在黑鯛屬內 4魚種間之親緣關係上，則同功異構■澱粉膠電 泳法與粒線體 DNA核■酸序列分析法所獲得之結果一致，但形態學方法 所獲得之結果則與前二方法不一致。此不一致可能係不同形質之演化並 不一定是平行一致的，即所謂的鑲嵌演化所致。依據鯛亞科5 種魚之地 理分布及種間親緣關係，推論鯛亞科魚類之發源地在東印度群島海域， 而且，黑鯛係由澳洲黑鯛演化而來，其分化時間約在108 萬年前。 而使用同功異構■澱粉膠電泳法及粒線體DNA 核■酸序列分析法探 討黑鯛屬種內族群遺傳所獲得之結果是一致的，均顯示台灣周邊海域之 澳洲黑鯛、黃鰭鯛、黑鯛及大鵬灣標本除外之灰鰭鯛均係單一族群，此 現象推測係其生殖期間受精卵及仔稚魚隨黑潮及其支流、中國沿岸流、 台灣沿岸流等海流之漂送造成基因流動頻繁所致。而大鵬灣之灰鰭鯛則 可能由於缺乏基因交流及受到近親交配、基因偏離、適應污染環境之自 然選擇等演化力量之作用而分化成另一族群。至於養殖之黃鰭鯛及黑鯛 具有較小之遺傳變異，可能是創始者效應及近親交配等作用之故。 本研究中，種內族群遺傳之研究結果提供多項資訊供實施資源評估 、保護、管理及養殖漁業、栽培漁業之參考，包括(1) 台灣周邊海域之 黃鰭鯛及黑鯛，雖然在學理上應屬於單一族群，但福隆之黃鰭鯛及黑鯛 之遺傳變異高於其它地區，因此，在實施資源管理及栽培漁業時，將福 隆與其它地區視為兩亞族群為宜；(2) 黃鰭鯛及黑鯛養殖漁業及栽培漁 業所需之種魚，應選擇來自福隆地區者，因其遺傳變異較大，其後代之 遺傳變異亦較大，適應環境之能力較強；(3) 養殖黃鰭鯛及黑鯛之 F■ 代之遺傳變異已明顯小於野生標本，因此，養殖及放流所需之種苗應由 野生種魚來生產，且野生種魚之數量愈多愈佳；(4) 大鵬灣灰鰭鯛之遺 傳變異與其它地區灰鰭鯛間之差異非常顯著，應視為截然不同的兩個族 群。
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Fitzgerald, Shannon M. "Intra- and interspecific dominance relationships among arctic and snowshoe hares." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19686865.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1988.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 21-26).
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Davis, T. M. "Distribution, abundance, microhabitat use and interspecific relationships among terrestrial salamanders on Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6209.
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Slone, Daniel H. "Spatial patterns of predaceous and phytophagous apple mites (Acari : Eriophyidae, phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, Tetranychidae) : intra- and interspecific relationships." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33866.
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Aggregation and species association of 9 species of phytophagous and
predaceous mites were studied for 6 yr in an orchard with 100, 2 m tall 'Red
Delicious' apple trees. To quantify aggregation, a method was developed that is
powerful, and easily interpreted. It relates the proportion of habitat occupied to
mean density of the organism, and allows discrimination of aggregation differences
between data sets.
We found that plant feeders were more aggregated than predators, and
active life stages were less aggregated than eggs. Specifically, webspinning spider
mites (Tetranychus urticae + Eotetranychus sp.) were the most aggregated.
Panonychus ulmi was less aggregated than the webspinning mites, and Bryobia
rubrioculus was the least aggregated of the spider mites. Zetzellia mali, the slowest
moving predator, had the greatest aggregation of all the predators. The rapid moving phytoseiids were the least aggregated of all the mite species studied, with
the specialist predator Metaseiulus occidentalis having the greatest aggregation, the
generalist predator Typhlodromus pyri having medium aggregation, and the fast
moving Amblyseius andersoni having the least aggregation.
Predator-predator, predator-prey, and prey-prey associations were measured using Yule's V association index. Predator-predator associations were the strongest and most consistent, showing a consistent seasonal pattern of neutral-negativeneutral association. Negative associations of T. pyri with other predators were the strongest, which is consistent with evidence that this mite can detect other predators. Predator-prey seasonal associations were weak and mixed, and interactions between prey species were generally weakly positive, probably because of similar habitat preferences.
Predaceous mites were generally more aggregated when competing with other predators, possibly allowing the coexistence of 3 predators simultaneously for 6 years via mechanisms proposed by the "aggregation theory of coexistence". G. occidentalis showed the greatest change of aggregation when other predators were present, Z. mali and T. pyri also showed significant changes in aggregation when they were with other predators, but A. andersoni (the largest, fastest predator in our study) showed no changes in aggregation. T. pyri's aggregation increased the most when in the presence of Z. mali, perhaps because of egg predation by the stigmaeid, or because T. pyri could detect the other predator.Graduation date: 1999
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Fisher, Jason Thomas. "Cross-scale habitat selection by terrestrial and marine mammals." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3649.
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Ecology has been devoted to defining the content of a species’ environment. Defining the extent, or size, of a species’ environment is also pivotal to elucidating species-habitat relationships. More than a home range, this extent integrates an individual’s lifetime experiences with resources, competition, and predators. I theorised that a species’ habitat extent is identifiable from its characteristic spatial scale of habitat selection, which in turn is predicted by body size. I reviewed scale-dependent mammalian habitat selection studies and found that a characteristic scale was typically not identified, but identifiable. Of several ecological predictors tested, only body mass was a significant predictor of the relative size of a species’ characteristic habitat selection scale.
Tests of existing data are confounded by differing approaches, so I empirically tested the scale-body mass hypothesis using a standardised survey of 12 sympatric terrestrial mammal species from the Canadian Rocky Mountains. For each species, support for habitat models varied across 20 scales tested. For six species, I found a characteristic selection scale, which was best predicted by species body mass in a quadratic relationship. Occurrence of large and small species was explained by habitat measured at large scales, whereas medium-
sized species were explained by habitat measured at small scales. The relationship between body size and habitat selection scale is congruent with the textural-discontinuity hypothesis, and implies species’ evolutionary adaptation to landscape heterogeneity as the driver of scale-dependent habitat selection. I applied this principle to examine wolverine habitat selection, and found that anthropogenic fragmentation of the landscape influences that species’ occurrence in space at large spatial scales.
Finally, I contended that the prevailing paradigm equating habitats to resources omits interspecific interactions that are key predictors of a species’ occurrences. I examined habitat selection of martens and fishers in terrestrial environments, and sea otters in marine coastal environments, and tested whether the presence of heterospecifics could explain spatial occurrence beyond landscape structure and resources. In both cases, the presence of heterospecifics explained species occurrence beyond simple resource selection. Interspecific interactions are key drivers of a species’ distribution in space; this is the spatial expression of the concepts of fundamental and realized niches. Body size interacts with landscape structure to determine the scale of a species’ response to its environment, and within this habitat extent, interspecific interactions affect the species’ pattern of occurrence and distribution.Graduate
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Bark, Hur Ockyung. "RFLP analyses of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes to establish cytoplasms, demonstrate interspecific DNA transfer, and estimate relationships among bulb-onion populations." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30799736.html.
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Jian, Chun-Tan, and 簡春潭. "Studies on interspecific phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific population genetics of fishes of the subfamily Sparinae (Perciformes: Sparidae) from the coastal waters of Taiwan." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50402977566564653597.
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