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1

Laursen, Paul B. "The influence of high-intensity interval training on endurance performance in well trained cyclists /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17646.pdf.

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2

Boynton, Jason R. "The effects of environmental temperature on high-intensity interval training." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2341.

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Endurance athletes typically spend the large majority of training (> 70%) at low intensities (i.e. below lactate threshold) coupled with short and intermittent bouts of high-intensity exercise or interval training (HIIT). Despite HIIT being a relatively small part of training in terms of duration, it has a substantial effect on the adaptations to endurance training. While it is well-established endurance exercise performance is affected in both hot and cold environmental conditions, the effect ambient temperature (TA; frequently referred to as environmental temperature) has on HIIT as performe
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Mier, Nicole M. "Training effect of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program using upper extremity exercise." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527569.

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<p> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a high intensity interval training program (HIIT) using the upper extremities on peak oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2peak</sub>), peak heart rate (HR<sub>peak</sub>), total time-to-fatigue (TTF), peak power output (PPO), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate concentrations (bLa). Results showed significant (p &le; 0.05) improvements by the HIIT group in VO<sub>2peak</sub>, HR<sub>peak</sub>, PPO, and TTF when compared to a continuous training (CT) group. </p><p> Results of this study suggest that upper extremity HIIT app
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Collins, Jessica Rose. "Impact of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Traditional Moderate Intensity Continuous Training on Critical Power and the Power-Duration Relationship." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9185.

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Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time while maintaining steady state conditions. Work-prime (W’) is the amount of work that can be tolerated when exercising in non-steady-state conditions above CP. A person’s CP and W’ strongly influence the metabolic response and tolerance to exercise. PURPOSE: Compare the effect of equal amounts of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on CP and W’. Critical Power (CP) is the greatest power that a person can sustain for prolonged periods of time wh
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Hoffmann, James J., Jacob P. Reed, Keith Leiting, Chieh-Ying Chiang, and Michael H. Stone. "Repeated Sprints, High-Intensity Interval Training, Small-Sided Games: Theory and Application to Field Sports." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4620.

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Due to the broad spectrum of physical characteristics necessary for success in field sports, numerous training modalities have been used develop physical preparedness. Sports like rugby, basketball, lacrosse, and others require athletes to be not only strong and powerful but also aerobically fit and able to recover from high-intensity intermittent exercise. This provides coaches and sport scientists with a complex range of variables to consider when developing training programs. This can often lead to confusion and the misuse of training modalities, particularly in the development of aerobic a
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Skleryk, Julia R. "Comparison of short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training on metabolic adaptations in sedentary overweight/obese men." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/377.

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While exercise is essential to reduce chronic disease risk, many individuals do not adhere to exercise recommendations, with the primary reason being ‘lack of time’. In recreationally trained individuals, short-term sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to induce metabolic and performance adaptations that parallel those of traditional exercise recommendations (TER), and require considerably less time commitment. However, little is known about the effectiveness of short-term SIT in sedentary overweight individuals. This study compared the effects of SIT and TER on metabolic and health-r
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Nustad, Jill K. "Changes in aerobic capacity following an endurance training program as a function of age." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774742.

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The recent American college of Sports Medicine Position Stand concerning the quantity and quality of exercise for developing cardiovascular fitness (1) suggests a need for more information concerning the rate of improvement in aerobic power as a function of age. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether the change in maximal oxygen uptake (AVO2max) following endurance training varies as a function of age. Subjects were healthy men (N=277) and women (N=161), ranging in age from 20-72 years, who completed an endurance training program (= 3-5 months) between 1972 an
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8

Bell, Harold James. "The effects of constant vs. interval load training at and about the first ventilatory threshold on endurance performance indicators." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52020.pdf.

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9

Long, Meghan. "Comparison of High Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate Intensity Continuous Training in a Phase II Cardiac Rehabilitation Program." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1498769361795025.

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10

Rasicci, Veronica Michelle. "THE EFFECTS OF A MEDICINE BALL TRAINING PROGRAM ON RUNNING ECONOMY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500391251626483.

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11

Volpe, Stella L. "The effect of endurance running on training adaptations in women participating in a weight lifting program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43828.

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Twenty-five sedentary female volunteers, 18-30 years of age, were studied to determine the effects of an endurance running program on leg strength gains from a weight training program. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a weight training group (W), a weight training plus running group (RW), or a control group (C). The subjects trained three days per week, approximately one hour per day, for nine weeks. The RW group ran for 25 min then weight trained for 30 min, whereas the W group weight trained for one hour. Subjects were tested for one-repetition maximum (l-RM) pre-train
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12

Webb, Kelsie R. "The effect of an endurance and weight training program on plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80095.

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Research has reported that increased levels of plasma TC are directly related, while low levels of plasma HDL-C are inversely related, to coronary heart disease. Regular physical exercise has been suggested as a method for reducing plasma TC and increasing plasma HDL-C. Thirty-one healthy, sedentary women (ages 18-30) were studied to determine the effects of a jogging, weight training, or a combined jogging and weight training program on plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, body composition. Experimental subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment conditions. The subjects
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Gu, Yu. "Early-onset type 2 diabetes: nerve function, impacts of high-intensity interval training, and exercise program acceptability." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25024.

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Diabetes is recognised as the world’s fastest growing chronic condition. The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before the age of 45 years) has risen sharply over the past decades, with lack of physical activity and excessive sedentary behaviour being important contributing factors. Early-onset type 2 diabetes is associated with earlier onset of diabetes-related complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy and brachial arterial stiffness. Exercise is a well-established, first-line management strategy for type 2 diabetes, but there is limited hi
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Kerrigan, Dennis J. Jr. "The Effect of a Resistance Training Program on Various Cardiovascular Indices During Acute Cold Exposure." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1226853398.

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15

Martínez, Valdés Eduardo Andrés Verfasser], and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mayer. "Neuromuscular adaptations of either endurance or high-intensity interval training : are there any differential adaptations in the motor unit population? / Eduardo Andrés Martínez Valdés ; Betreuer: Frank Mayer." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396383.

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Martínez, Valdés Eduardo Andrés [Verfasser], and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "Neuromuscular adaptations of either endurance or high-intensity interval training : are there any differential adaptations in the motor unit population? / Eduardo Andrés Martínez Valdés ; Betreuer: Frank Mayer." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218402229/34.

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Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa. "Physical Training and Testing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7632.

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<p>The overall aims of the studies were to investigate the effects of different training modalities on exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate or severe COPD and, further, to explore two of the physical tests used in pulmonary rehabilitation.</p><p>In <b>study I</b>, the 12-minute walking distance (12MWD) did not increase on retesting in patients with exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) whereas 12MWD increased significantly on retesting in the non-EIH patients. In <b>study II</b>, we found that the incremental shuttle walking test was as good a predi
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Lam, Siu-wah Eric, and 林少華. "The effects of a 10-week strength training program on explosive strength, muscular endurance and aerobic capacity in 13- to 15-year-old boys." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257252.

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19

Lam, Siu-wah Eric. "The effects of a 10-week strength training program on explosive strength, muscular endurance and aerobic capacity in 13- to 15-year-old boys /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23476448.

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20

Harper, Deena San. "An examination of the extent and endurance of a technology-based staff development program on the epistemological, ontological, and methodological beliefs of high school chemistry teachers." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2340.

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21

Linton, Darla K. "The comparative effects of a 12-week high impact aerobic dance and bench step training program on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance of the quadriceps." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063042/.

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22

Magier, Adam Z. "Design and Process Evaluation of a High Intensity Interval Training Program for Adolescents who are Overweight or Obese and are Enrolled in a Multi-modal Intervention." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554373454906181.

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Qadir, Aneela. "THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE TYPES ON AFFECT AND COGNTION AFTER A STRESSOR." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1430920936.

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24

Enette, Lievyn. "Faisabilité et comparaison d'un entrainement aérobie de type continu ou intermittent sur les capacités physiologiques, cognitives et la qualité de vie, chez des personnes âgées présentant un trouble neurocognitif majeur associé à la maladie d'Alzheimer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ054.

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L’entrainement aérobie (EA) montre des bénéfices sur la santé des personnes âgées présentant la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA) mais les mécanismes physiologiques expliquant ceux-ci restent à analyser. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d’étudier la faisabilité d’un EA de type continu (EATC) ou intermittent (EATI) durant 9 semaines et de comparer leur effet sur : la synthèse plasmatique du facteur neurotrophique dérivé du cerveau (BDNFp), l’endurance cardiorespiratoire (EC), les capacités cognitives et la qualité de vie (QdV), chez des personnes âgées présentant la MA. Après EATC et EATI, aucun effe
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Chang, Feng-Lin, and 張豊麟. "The Effects of Endurance Training and Interval Training on Bone Developments." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75756864363732989502.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>體育研究所<br>89<br>To investigate the effects of endurance training and interval training on bone developments, thirty-two Wistar rats (7-wk old) were randomly assigned into three groups: Endurance training group, Interval training group, and Control group. Animals of exercise groups were trained on the treadmill 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Training began at 12 m/min (20 min) and progressively increased to 22 m/min (60 min) for Endurance training group and 30m/min (9 sets, 4 minites and 53 secounds per set) for Interval training group. The training distance was the same in both of t
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LO, ZI-SHENG, and 羅梓陞. "The Effect on Anaerobic Endurance in 2000 m Rowing Ergometer with Power Endurance and Interval Training." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70657528525767869874.

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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>競技與教練科學研究所<br>105<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on work of 2000m Rowing Ergometer through the combination of short term strength endurance and interval training.Subjects: 8 first division athletes (height:168.75±5.50 cm;weight:63.38±2.93 kg;age:21.38±1.30 years) Method:Our protocol is composed of three days training with 2x3x200m interval rowing and circular strength endurance training on the 1st and the 3rd day. All data were processed with paired sample t testResult: Three days combination training could improve the finish time , work output of 20
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HUANG, CHIH-YING, and 黃智盈. "Effects of Interval Training with Different Intensities on Endurance Performance of Junior Cyclists." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xuwgyq.

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碩士<br>臺北市立大學<br>體育學系碩士在職專班<br>107<br>This study takes the high-intensity interval training mode as the research topic and discusses the influence of its training mode or training tools on the level of endurance exercise of young cyclist. And to understand the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the performance of cardiopulmonary and cycling sports of high school cyclist in 4 weeks. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), 10 km road time trial, average power and average heart rate were compared as differences in exercise performance. Methods: The results of individual timekeeping
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Siemens, Tina. "High intensity versus endurance training: Are physiological and biomechanical adaptations preserved 2 months following the completion of an intensive exercise intervention." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8448.

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In light of the current global prevalence of overweight and obesity, the associated health risks, and the continuing adoption of sedentary lifestyle, this thesis investigated some of the factors that contribute to exercise adherence, directly comparing high-intensity whole body interval training and continuous endurance training. 68 inactive university aged adults (Age: 21.4±3.4 yrs, BMI: 25.6±4.6 kg/m2, VO2peak 40.1±5.7 ml/kg/min) were randomized into one of three groups; a non-exercise control, whole body high intensity training, or continuous endurance training. Aerobic capacity measureme
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Hu, Shao-Tseng, and 胡紹曾. "Effects of Carnitine Supplementation and High-intensity Interval Training on Endurance Performance and Oxidative Stress." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31988538926304037718.

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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>競技與教練科學研究所<br>102<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three weeks of carnitine supplementation and HIT combination on aerobic capacity and oxidative stress. Ten untrained healthy males were recruited and randomly assigned into carnitine group (25.0±4.4 yr, 80.3±8.5 kg, 170.2±4.3 cm) or placebo group (22.4±3.3 yr, 69.1±11.2 kg, 172.2±6.3 cm). Subjects received carnitine or placebo supplementation 2 g per day for 3 weeks. All subjects also performed the HIT three day per week. The HIT protocol contains 10 bouts of cycling trail at 90%VO2max, with each b
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Chang, Burt, and 張為碩. "A Virtual Reality based Pedaling Platform System for Assessing Cardiac Endurance at Interval Exercise Training." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ejjfnn.

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碩士<br>長庚大學<br>電子工程學系<br>104<br>The purpose of this study is to use cardiovascular endurance training based on the fatigue monitoring cycling system which has been employed in previous studies to assess cardiac fatigue and the difference between before and after training by using Cardiac Stress Index (CSI). The training process is divided into two parts. One is the sub-maximal exercise that we use to define ones maximal exercise loading by using the threshold 170bpm. The other part is the interval training, using four minutes high intensity exercise insert three minutes low intensity exercise.
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CHEN, CHIH-WEI, and 陳志威. "The effect of high intensive interval training on aerobic endurance and agility in college badminton players." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50270557086598221676.

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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>運動學系應用運動科學碩士班<br>104<br>Abstract The study was to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic endurance and agility in college badminton players. 22 college badminton players were randomly distributed into two groups, 12 participants in the experimental group and 10 participants in the control group. The experimental group participated in six weeks of HIIT, whereas the control group did not. All Participants were tested before and after training; the contents of the tests include sideway agility test , four-corner agility test , 20m shuttle-
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Esfandiari, Sam. "Short-term High-intensity Interval Training and Continuous Moderate-intensity Training Improve Peak Aerobic Capacity and Diastolic Filling during Exercise." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33406.

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This study examined the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT) on left ventricular (LV) function in young, healthy men. Sixteen untrained men were randomly assigned to HIT (8-12 X 60:75 seconds cycling at 95-100%:10% V˙O2peak) and CMT (90-120 minutes cycling at 65% V˙O2peak) and assessed before and after six sessions of training. LV function was determined at rest and during submaximal exercise using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. HIT and CMT improved V˙O2peak and induced plasma volume expansion to a similar
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Tseng, Yi-Tsai, and 曾義財. "The influence of three weeks high mileage endurance training program on performance of 5000m event." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41308637049709090337.

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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>教練研究所<br>98<br>The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 160km up training program per week, total of 480km-training in three weeks on the performances and specific abilities of 5000m event, heart rate and blood lactate.Methods: six voluntary male and female distance runners were recruited from National Sport University and received 160km-training per week, total for three weeks in Jilin Province, China. Pare-Ttest was used to analyze the difference of pre& after training effects on these items. Results: there were significant improvements both in male (2
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Wang, Ting-Yao, and 王錠堯. "Effects of Different Oxygen Concentrations during High-Intensity Interval Training Recovery Periods on Exercise-induced Stress Markers and Endurance Parameters." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50012172846683431968.

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博士<br>國立體育大學<br>教練研究所<br>100<br>Purpose: To investigate the effects of recovery with normoxia (20.9%), hypoxia (16%) or hyperoxia (60%) during high-intensity interval training (HIT) on: 1. The training intensity markers (heart rate, blood lactate acid and glucose), as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lymphocyte mitochondrial transmembrane potential decline (MTP decline), apoptosis and necrosis], metabolic stress (cortisol) and mechanical stress (creatine kinase, CK) after one single bout of HIT. 2. The adaption of training intensity, oxid
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Lu, Li-jung, and 呂麗蓉. "Action Research of Applying An Interval Aural Ability Training Program to Melodic Teaching in Elementary School." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39795748773892333033.

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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>國教所音樂教育科碩士班<br>92<br>This study is action research, and its purpose is the application for the training of interval aural ability to teach melodies in elementary school. The goal can be divided in the following aspects: 1. To understand the availability of appling an “Interval Aural Ability Training”(IAAT) program to melodic teaching. 2. To discuss the difficulties and solutions when carrying out the application of the program to melodic teaching. 3. To discuss students reactions to the application of the program to melodic teaching . In connection with the above goal, th
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Leahy, Angus Aaron. "Teacher facilitated high-intensity interval training intervention for older adolescents: evaluation of the Burn 2 Learn program." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1460384.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Engaging in physical activity is associated with a plethora of health benefits for young people, with evidence suggesting that vigorous physical activity is particularly beneficial. Despite this, physical inactivity is a serious public health concern and is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Physical activity begins to decline during childhood and continues to decline with age, with behaviours established during this time tracking into adulthood. It is commonly agreed that schools have a unique platform to address this issue; however
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"Effects Of A Novel, High-Intensity Aerobic Interval Training Program on Diastolic And Cardiovascular Function In Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14844.

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abstract: Heart failure is a major worldwide health concern and is the leading cause of hospitalization among elderly Americans. Approximately 50% of those diagnosed with heart failure have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF). HFPEF presents a therapeutic dilemma because pharmacological strategies that are effective for the treatment of heart failure and reduced ejection fraction have failed to show benefit in HFPEF. Long term moderate intensity exercise programs have been shown to improve diastolic function in patients HFPEF. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been
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CHENG, YU-CHI, and 鄭宇琪. "The Verification and Formulation of An Interval Training Program on Specific Explosive Power for Badminton Footwork in Elementary School Player." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44600919865141726584.

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碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>體育學系碩士班<br>104<br>Abstract Purposes: Considering the importance of fast moving footwork in badminton game, this study aimed to formulate and verify an interval training program to enhance the specific explosive power for badminton footwork in elementary school players. Methods: According to analyze the videos of the " National Badminton Team Championships 2015: Elementary Singles" to build the time structure based on anaerobic energy system in badminton game and formulated an interval training program for badminton footwork, and then trained players with the Six-Point Footwo
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Ke, Hong-Ren, and 柯閎仁. "Effects of Six Weeks of Extremely Low-Volume High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiopulmonary Endurance and Body Composition among Junior High School Students with Different Weight - Length Index." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70003972143543719396.

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碩士<br>國立體育大學<br>競技與教練科學研究所<br>104<br>Extremely low-volume, high-intensity interval training (ELVHIIT) can improve cardiovascular fitness, lipid oxidation, and muscle endurance. However, its effect on normal-weight, overweight and obese junior high school students remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the effects of six-week ELVHIIT on cardiovascular fitness and body composition in junior high school students with different anthropometric characteristics. Thirty-five healthy junior high school students with the age from 12-16 years old were recruited. Participants were divided into thr
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Robinson, Edward. "The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and 28 days of [Beta]-Hydroxy-[Beta]-Methybutyrate Supplementation on Measures of Aerobic Power and Metabolic Thresholds." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6167.

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Purpose: To examine the effects of 28 days of [beta]-hydroxy-[beta]-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak), ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP) and time to exhaustion (Tmax) in college-aged men and women. Methods: Healthy men and women (n=34, age and V ?O2peak= 22.7+3.1yr and 39.3+5.0 mL.kg-1.min-1, respectively) participated in this study. All participants completed a series of tests prior and subsequent to treatment. A maximal oxygen consumption test was performed on a cycle ergometer t
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Kjertakov, Metodija. "The role of heat as a conditioning stimulus in endurance athletes." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40031/.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular postexercise hot water immersion (HWI) on selected physiological adaptations and on exercise performance in a temperate environment in trained road cyclists. Methods: Fourteen male cyclists were assigned to either an HWI (n = 7) group or a control (CON, n = 7) group. Both groups completed 9 high-intensity interval training sessions (over 3 weeks), with each training session followed by sitting in a water tub for 30 min. Participants from the HWI group were immersed in 42°C water, whereas a thermoneutral water
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