Dissertations / Theses: 'Intervention à base communautaire'

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El, messnaoui Hamid. "La réadaptation à base communautaire - gouvernance et évaluation." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20103.

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La notion de Réadaptation à Base Communautaire (RBC), promue par l'OMS, a pour objectif de favoriser l'intégration des personnes en situation de handicap. Cette stratégie est née du constat de la nécessité de conjuguer les efforts des différents acteurs (les personnes handicapées et leurs familles, la communauté, les services sociaux, les services de santé, d'éducation et de formation) pour assurer la réussite et la pérennité des actions. Développé dans les pays en voie de développement, le concept de Réadaptation à Base Communautaire s'applique également aux pays industrialisés, où il est souvent appelé "désinstitutionalisation". La diversité des contextes, tant géographique, économique, politique que culturelle, nécessite une adaptation des modes de gouvernance et des actions. Cette adaptation résulte d'une évaluation poussée, qu'il s'agisse de l'évaluation ex ante, ou des évaluations en cours de programme ou de l’évaluation ex post.Cette thèse présente des outils d'évaluation et des modes de gouvernance adaptés aux programmes RBC. Elle présente également une étude sur la pertinence et les limites de ce concept.Alors est-ce que la RBC est une stratégie pertinente et efficiente, facilement adaptable à tous les contextes ? Quelles en sont les limites ? La présente recherche tentera d'apporter des réponses à ces questions à travers l'étude de trois contextes différents : la France, le Maroc, et le Cameroun
The notion of Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR), promoted by the World Health Organisation (WHO), has as its main objective the integration of individuals living with a disability. This strategy arose from an acknowledgment of the necessity of pooling the efforts of people involved (people with disabilities and their families, the community, social services, health services, educational and training services) to ensure the success and sustainability of the actions undertaken.Developed in emerging countries, the concept of Community Based Rehabilitation also applies to industrialized countries, where it is often called "de-institutionalisation". The diversity of contexts, including geographical, economical, political as well as cultural, requires the adaptation of governance models and actions. This adaptation is carried out following a thorough evaluation and the evaluation may be ex ante, ongoing or ex post. This thesis presents evaluation tools and governance models adapted to the CBR. It also presents a study on the relevance and limits of this concept.So, is the CBR a relevant and efficient strategy, easily adaptable to every context? What are its limits?The present research will attempt to provide answers to these questions through the study of three different geographical contexts: France, Morocco and Cameroon

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Boudreau, François. "Diabète de type 2 et activité physique : Développement, mise en oeuvre et effet d'une intervention éducative sur mesure à l'aide des technologies de l'information." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27200/27200.pdf.

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Boulianne, Rachel. "Les effets d’un Accompagnement-citoyen personnalisé d’intégration communautaire (APIC) sur les déplacements et l’espace perçu d’aînés en perte d’autonomie vivant à domicile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9738.

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Déterminant d’un vieillissement actif et en santé, la mobilité permet aux aînés de maintenir et de développer des liens sociaux significatifs, et de demeurer intégrés dans leur communauté. Malgré ces bienfaits, les interventions offertes aux aînés visant à favoriser leurs déplacements restent rares et discontinues. Un accompagnement-citoyen personnalisé d’intégration communautaire (APIC) pourrait favoriser les déplacements et améliorer la perception des lieux des aînés en perte d’autonomie. Cette étude visait à : 1) vérifier les effets de l’APIC sur les déplacements et l’espace perçu des aînés en perte d’autonomie et 2) identifier les facilitateurs et les obstacles à l’utilisation de l’espace dans l’APIC. Un devis mixte incluant un dispositif pré-expérimental a été utilisé auprès de 16 participants (11 femmes) âgés entre 66 et 91 ans. Les déplacements ont été mesurés à l’aide du Life Space Assessment. Un entretien individuel semi-structuré d’environ 30 minutes a été réalisé 2 à 4 semaines après la fin de l’intervention. À la suite de l’APIC, les déplacements des participants se sont améliorés (p < 0,01). Selon les participants âgés, l’APIC constitue un facilitateur important qui a permis de découvrir des lieux de participation et d’améliorer leur capacité à se déplacer seul. L’APIC est une intervention prometteuse qui permet d’améliorer les déplacements et l’utilisation de l’espace d’aînés en perte d’autonomie.

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Agueh, Victoire D. A. "Effets d'une approche communautaire de prévention et de traitement de la malnutrition protéino-énergétique infanto-juvénile: expérience du programme alimentaire et nutritionnel à base communautaire dans le département du Mono au Bénin." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210924.

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Chaiyakhet, Netdao. "Leadership entrepreneurial en communauté pour une performance durable : études de cas dans le tourisme à base communautaire Homestay, en Thailande." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30022/document.

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Le but principal de cet étude est de fournir un état des lieux complet du style deleadership entrepreneurial effectif dans le tourisme à base communautaire Homestay pour uneperformance durable, en utilisant la bonne performance du tourisme à base communautaireHomestay qui opère en faveur du développement durable. La stratégie du cas d'étude, qui estune des stratégies de la méthodologie de la recherche qualitative, est utilisée. Les données sontcollectées depuis plusieurs sources: preuve documentaire, observation des participants, etentretiens avec le leader et les personnes de trois communautés. La principale conclusion decette étude a montré que pour développer un leadership entrepreneurial effectif pour uneperformance durable, le leadership entrepreneurial nécessite trois principes : ambidextriecognitive, SEERS (responsabilité et durabilité sociale, environnementale et économique), etconscience de soi et sociale, comme le principe de Greenberg et al. (2011). Toutefois, l'aspectambidextrie cognitive peut être substitué par l'utilisation d'équipes de consultants effectives. Deplus, ces caractéristiques de personnalité peuvent être développées pour des communautésdurables
The main purpose of this study was undertaken in order to provide a comprehensivepicture of the effective entrepreneurial leadership style in Homestay community-based tourism(CBT) for sustainable performance by using the good-performance of Homestay CBT inThailand with has the operation toward to sustainable development. The case study strategies,which is one of the strategies in the qualitative research methodology was used. Data werecollected from multiple sources: documentary evidence, participant observation, and interviewswith the leader and people in three communities. The main finding of this study showed that todevelop the effective entrepreneurial leadership for sustainable performance, theentrepreneurial leadership needs three principles; Cognitive ambidexterity, SEERS (social,environmental, and economic responsibility and sustainability), and self-and social awarenessas the principle of Greenberg et al. (2011). However, in Cognitive ambidexterity aspect couldsubstitute by using the effective consultant teams. Besides, those of personality characteristicsare able to develop for sustainable communities

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Ngirabega, Jean de Dieu. "La malnutrition et la santé de l'enfant en milieu rural au Rwanda: gestion du suivi de la croissance à base communautaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210105.

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En l’an 2000, les Nations Unies ont adopté les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le Développement avec comme premier objectif l’éradication de l’extrême pauvreté et de la faim. La relation synergique entre une bonne nutrition et le développement économique est aujourd’hui indiscutable. La malnutrition et la pauvreté sont deux problèmes interdépendants et qui partagent les mêmes causes. On estimait en 2008 que le retard de croissance staturale affectait 195 millions d’enfants de moins de cinq ans dans le monde en développement dont 90% en Afrique et en Asie. Cette forme de malnutrition est la plus importante au niveau mondial. Dans beaucoup de pays en Afrique subsaharienne et en Asie, presque un enfant sur deux en souffre. La malnutrition est le résultat d’une alimentation insuffisante, des maladies fréquentes sans accès aux services de santé de base ainsi que de l’insuffisance des soins et pratiques à l’égard des enfants. Assez souvent on ne remarque que les cas de malnutrition sévère alors que les cas légers ou modérés sont de loin plus nombreux. Les estimations les plus récentes montrent que les formes légères ou modérées de malnutrition contribuent à plus d’un tiers des décès enregistrés chez les enfants dans les pays en développement.

Les enfants survivants ont des conséquences à moyen/long terme qui comprennent une vulnérabilité accrue aux infections, une diminution des capacités intellectuelles et des capacités de production ainsi que des risques élevés de complications en cas d’accouchement pour les futures mères. L’intégration de la nutrition dans les stratégies de développement économique et de réduction de la pauvreté dans le cadre des OMDs témoigne que les pays en développement comprennent de plus en plus l’impact d’une bonne nutrition de la population sur le développement durable.

Cependant l’efficacité avec laquelle de telles stratégies se mettent en œuvre pour cibler les milieux ruraux qui sont les plus touchés par la malnutrition reste faible dans beaucoup de pays. Les efforts fournis ne semblent pas correspondre à l’ampleur du problème de malnutrition. De plus, dans beaucoup de ces pays, les conditions nécessaires à la réussite de ces stratégies ne sont pas réunies. Le contexte sociopolitique n’est pas souvent favorable et les capacités de mise en œuvre sont faibles. Par ailleurs les principaux décideurs politiques à tous les niveaux du système ne sont pas suffisamment sensibilisés sur l’ampleur du problème de la malnutrition. Pourtant il y a des interventions simples de lutte contre la malnutrition infantile qui ont prouvé leur efficacité et efficience et qui sont à la portée des pays pauvres. Les pratiques d’alimentation optimale du nourrisson et du jeune enfant comprenant la mise au sein des nouveaux-nés endéans l’heure qui suit l’accouchement, l’allaitement maternel exclusif pendant les 6 premiers mois, l’allaitement jusqu'à au moins deux ans et une bonne utilisation des aliments de complément constituent un bon exemple. Elles peuvent avoir un impact sur la survie des enfants en prévenant à elles seules jusqu’à 19% des décès survenant avant cinq ans dans les pays en développement.

Néanmoins de telles informations ne sont pas toujours connues par ceux qui auraient le pouvoir d’opérer les changements au niveau des communautés. L’objectif général de ce travail est de fournir les informations sur l’ampleur de la malnutrition chez les enfants en milieu rural au Rwanda et de documenter le processus de mise en oeuvre du suivi de la croissance à base communautaire, une des stratégies de promotion d’une bonne nutrition et d’une bonne santé des enfants.

METHODOLOGIE:

Le présent travail est basé sur une série d’études réalisées depuis l’année 2004 dans la zone de rayonnement de l’hôpital rural de Ruli au Rwanda. Il a regroupé les études suivantes:

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Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Messier, Valérie. "La séroprévalence des zoonoses au Nunavik : surveillance, identification des facteurs de risque et intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27743/27743.pdf.

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Beaulieu, Dominique. "Promouvoir le dîner à l'école chez les élèves du secondaire : Développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29152/29152.pdf.

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Deschesnes, Marthe. "La structuration d'une action intersectorielle à base communautaire comme stratégie d'actualisation d'une approche globale en promotion de la santé, les régulations en jeu." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61385.pdf.

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Ethier, Elie. "L'effritement de l'idéal professionnel et les enjeux identitaires pouvant mener à un problème de santé mentale chez les intervenantes et chez les intervenants oeuvrant au sein d'organismes communautaires et ayant une formation en travail social." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5719.

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Les conditions organisationnelles pouvant générer les problèmes de santé mentale chez les intervenantes sociales dans des milieux communautaires n'ont pas bénéficié d'une attention très soutenue chez les scientifiques si on les compare avec le milieu institutionnalisé. Bien que les milieux soient foncièrement différents, toutes les intervenantes peuvent connaître des problèmes de santé mentale en lien avec leur travail. Parmi les modèles théoriques qui ont inspiré la compréhension du phénomène (Karasek et Theorell, 1990; Dejours, 1995; Leiter et Maslach, 2005), le modèle qui semble le plus pertinent pour répondre aux questions identitaires des intervenantes sociales en lien avec la santé mentale fut celui de Christophe Dejours (1995), que nous avons utilisé à partir d'une interrogation à propos de l'influence potentielle de l'effritement de l'idéal professionnel, comme nous le suggèrent les écrits scientifiques entourant le concept d'épuisement professionnel. En lien avec la thématique générale de l'idéal professionnel, cette recherche exploratoire aborde les différents enjeux identitaires que sont la marginalisation professionnelle, le manque d'autonomie décisionnelle et de soutien social, les désillusions, la connaissance de ses propres limites et la recherche de sens au travail. De plus, les enjeux entourant les valeurs professionnelles furent explorés. Toutefois, les conflits de valeurs, bien qu'ils soient présents au sein de la profession, ne semblent pas être source de souffrance psychopathologique, selon le discours des répondantes. Nos résultats mettent en lumière la thématique de l'actualisation identitaire afin d'expliquer l'apparition d'un problème de santé mentale, en lien avec les théories de Dejours (1995) et Mead (1963).

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Rakotoarijaona, Razafimbelo Niry Minohery. "Les enjeux de la gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles et les politiques environnementales malgaches : l’exemple de la région Alaotra-Mangoro." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1031/document.

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Si l’on se réfère aux recherches en cours, la gestion des périmètres forestiers de la côté Est de Madagascar connaît de nos jours une évolution notable tout en différant néanmoins d’un endroit à un autre. Dans le cas de la région faisant l’objet de notre étude (Alaotra-Mangoro), elle se limite à un mode d’organisation et de gestion ancestral où les autorités traditionnelles, les anciens (Ray aman-dreny) et les communautés sont les maîtres d’œuvre. Cette gestion traditionnelle consiste en un droit d’exploitation des ressources naturelles pour les besoins de la communauté. À Madagascar, l’impératif de conservation de la biodiversité focalise l’attention de la communauté internationale. De nouveaux territoires se créent avec l’extension des aires protégées ; toutefois, les pratiques des ONGs de conservation, appuyées par les bailleurs de fonds, excluent « massivement » les collectivités territoriales et les populations locales des processus de décision. Mais en parallèle, de nouveaux projets de conservation voient le jour, avec pour objectif principale mise en place d’une gestion communautaire de la forêt par le biais de Communautés de Base (COBA). Nous défendons l’idée selon laquelle une application « adroite » des us et coutumes locales en leur sein permettra à la population de tirer un profit supérieur de l’exploitation rationnelle des ressources locales
According to ongoing research, the management of forest areas on Madagascar's east side is currently undergoing a significant evolution, though it differs from one place to another. In the case of the study region (Alaotra-Mangoro), it is limited to an ancestral mode of organization and management where the traditional authorities, the elders (Ray aman-dreny) and the communities are the prime contractors. This traditional management consists of a right to exploit natural resources for the needs of the community. In Madagascar, the imperative of biodiversity conservation is the focus of international attention. New territories are being created with the extension of protected areas; however, the practices of conservation NGOs, supported by donors, mainly exclude local communities and local populations from decision-making processes. But at the same time, new conservation projects are being launched, with the main objective of setting up community-based forest management through the intermediary of the Basic Communities (COBA). We support the idea that a "skillful" integration of local customs within conservation projects will enable the population to derive greater benefit from the rational exploitation of local resources

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CANCER, ALICE. "Migliorare le capacità di lettura di studenti con dislessia: l'efficacia di un training a base ritmica." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/39099.

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La dislessia evolutiva (DE) è associata ad un deficit di elaborazione temporale degli stimoli uditivi, secondario ad un'attività oscillatoria neurale atipica, che si ritiene contribuisca alle difficoltà fonologiche e di lettura. Per favorire un entrainment più accurato alle proprietà spettro-acustiche degli stimoli uditivi negli studenti con DE, abbiamo esplorato la possibilità di sincronizzare la prosodia durante la lettura con una stimolazione ritmica uditiva. Pertanto, è stato realizzato un programma di intervento per la DE, chiamato Training Lettura Ritmica (TLR). Tre studi test-training-retest hanno mostrato l'efficacia di questa nuova metodologia nel miglioramento delle capacità di lettura in individui italiani con DE, sia in età evolutiva che adulti. Lo studio 1 ha mostrato che il TLR ha portato a miglioramenti della lettura in studenti di scuola primaria e secondaria di primo grado con DE paragonabili a quelli di un intervento risultante dalla combinazione di due trattamenti già validati per la DE, con un effetto lievemente maggiore sulla rapidità di lettura. Inoltre, la consapevolezza fonologica e la capacità di riproduzione ritmica sono migliorate. Lo studio 2 ha esplorato gli effetti a breve e medio termine del TLR, quando combinato con un allenamento uditivo specifico in bambini e preadolescenti con DE, che sono risultati comparabili a quelli di un intervento multi-componenziale personalizzato. Infine, nello studio 3 il TLR è stato applicato con successo ad una popolazione adulta, ossia studenti universitari con DE, anche quando somministrato in combinazione a neuromodulazione (tDCS), la quale aumenta la plasticità delle aree coinvolte.
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is associated with deficiencies in temporal processing of auditory stimuli, depending on atypical oscillatory neural activity, that are considered to contribute to phonological and reading impairments. To induce a more accurate entrainment to the spectral properties of auditory stimuli in students with DD, we explored the possibility to synchronize speech prosody during reading with an external rhythmical auditory stimulation. Accordingly, an intervention program for DD, called Rhythmic Reading Training (RRT), was devised. Three test-training-retest studies supported the efficacy of this novel methodology on reading skills of both young and older populations of Italian individuals with DD. Study 1 showed that RRT yielded reading improvements in primary and junior high-school students with DD comparable to those of an intervention resulting from the combination of two already validated treatments for DD, with a slightly larger effect on reading speed. Moreover, phonological awareness and rhythm reproduction improved along. Study 2 explored RRT short- and medium-term effects when combined with a specific auditory training in children and preadolescents with DD, which were found to be comparable to those of a personalized multi-componential intervention. Finally, in study 3 RRT was successfully applied to an older population, namely undergraduate students with DD, also when in combination with a neuromodulation technique (namely, tDCS) boosting plasticity of the involved networks.

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Dias, Alexandra Alice Monteiro. "A entrevista com base nas rotinas na intervenção precoce: Formadores e formandos em avaliação." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2816.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
As perspectivas ecológico-transaccionais abriram portas à visão de intervenção precoce actual, que vê a família como um todo, valorizando os suportes, recursos e redes sociais que têm disponíveis e procurando responder às suas necessidades através de uma prestação de serviços que apoie e fortaleça a capacidade da família para melhorar e promover o desenvolvimento e aprendizagem da criança. Neste modelo, centrado na família, os profissionais e as famílias trabalham de mão-dada, no sentido de reconhecer como se podem estruturar as práticas e criar programas que funcionem como meios de protecção. Escolher o curso e os métodos para a intervenção, é uma tarefa complexa a que McWilliam (2010) se tem dedicado, afirmando que se deve trabalhar, sempre que possível, em consonância com as rotinas e contextos onde as crianças passam a maior parte do seu tempo de aprendizagem. Este trabalho tem por objectivo a análise de alguns dados, resultantes de uma formação sobre a Entrevista com Base nas Rotinas (EBR), no âmbito de um estudo sobre a ‘Promoção da qualidade dos objetivos do Programa Educativo Individual/Plano Individual’, aplicando-se para o efeito a Lista de Verificação da Entrevista com base nas Rotinas (EBR) e questões relativas à avaliação da qualidade da formação. O grupo inclui 123 participantes, com uma média de 37,7 anos, sendo composto maioritariamente por elementos do sexo feminino (91,9%). Os resultados indicam que os formandos focaram, na sua maioria, aspectos positivos na formação, salientando sobretudo o seu conteúdo, impacto e metodologia; verificaram-se também algumas dificuldades na aplicação da EBR pelos formandos, sobretudo em itens associados à compreensão da perspectiva da família. Deste estudo pode-se concluir a necessidade de se apostar mais em formações que ajudem estes profissionais a desenvolver práticas centradas na família.
ABSTRACT: The ecological-transactional perspective led to the current view of early intervention, which treat the family as a whole, enhancing supports, resources and social networks that are available, and trying to know which are their needs through the provision of services to support and strengthen family's ability to improve and promote the development and learning of children. In this model family-centered professionals and families work together to recognize how they can structure practices and create programs that function as means of protection. Choose the course and methods for intervention is a complex task that McWilliam (2010) has been engaged, stating that one should work whenever possible in line with the routines and contexts where children spend most of their time learning. This work aims to analyzing some data resulting from training on the Routines Based Interview (RBI), as part of a study on ' Enhancing the quality of the goals of the Individual Educational Plan / Individual Plan ', applying for this purpose the Checklist Interview based on routines (RBI) and questions related to evaluating the quality of training. The group included 123 participants, with an average of 37.7 years, being mainly composed of elements of the females (91.9%). The results indicate that students focused mostly positive aspects in training, particularly emphasizing the content, methodology and impact, there were also some difficulties in applying the RBI by trainees, especially in items associated with understanding the perspective of family. From this study it can be concluded the need to invest more in training to help these professionals to develop family-centered practices.

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Guillaumie, Laurence. "Développement, implantation et évaluation d'une intervention de promotion de la consommation de fruits et de légumes dans la population adulte française." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27590/27590_1.pdf.

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Boucher, Danielle. "Développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention ciblée visant à promouvoir la consommation de légumes et de fruits chez des collégiens au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30033/30033.pdf.

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Conçue dans une perspective de promotion de la santé, la recherche à la base de cette thèse porte sur le développement, la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation d’une intervention visant la promotion de la consommation quotidienne d’au moins cinq portions de légumes et de fruits, menée auprès de jeunes adultes québécois aux études collégiales. Dans une première étape, avec la théorie du comportement planifié, des déterminants de l’intention de consommer au moins cinq portions de légumes et de fruits chaque jour ont été identifiés chez 385 participants. L’analyse de régression hiérarchique fait ressortir que la perception du contrôle, l’importance perçue des facilitateurs et des barrières et l’attitude expliquent 75 % de la variance de l’intention. L’ajout de trois variables (régularité perçue, comportement passé, norme descriptive) explique un autre 4 %. Des analyses de régression logistique ont permis d’identifier les croyances pertinentes à utiliser pour définir le contenu de l’intervention éducative. La seconde étape consistait à développer une intervention basée sur ces déterminants, et à la mettre en œuvre au cours d’un semestre scolaire auprès d’un groupe expérimental (n = 167). Le cadre de planification de Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok & Gottlieb (2006) a servi de guide. En troisième, un devis quasi expérimental prétest postest avec groupe contrôle a permis d’évaluer l’effet de cette intervention (n = 344). Les résultats à l’analyse de régression logistique montrent une augmentation significative de 15 % quant au nombre de participants exposés à l’intervention qui atteignent l’objectif de consommation, comparée à ceux du groupe contrôle. Les résultats à l’analyse de covariance révèle un effet significatif (p<0,05) de l’intervention sur chacun des déterminants psychosociaux. L’effet observé peut être attribuable au changement dans les construits ciblés, selon les analyses de médiation. La régularité perçue de la consommation constitue un médiateur entre l’intention et le comportement au postest. En conclusion, l’intervention structurée selon ce modèle s’est avérée efficace pour accroître le nombre de participants à atteindre l’objectif de consommation ainsi que pour observer un changement significatif dans les déterminants qui y sont associés. Cette démarche pourrait guider les interventions futures dans ce domaine auprès de collégiens québécois.
The background for this project is the promotion of health. It aims at the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention promoting the daily consumption of at least five servings of vegetables and fruits, by college students. The first step consisted in the identification of the determinants of the intention to consume at least five daily servings of vegetables and fruits, during three months, for 385 students from two Québec CEGEP establishments. The framework for this study was Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (1991), three constructs from other theoretical models being included. Within a correlation device, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 75 % of the variance pertaining to intention was explained by the following factors: perception of control, perceived importance of facilitators and barriers, and attitude. Another 4 % of the variance for intention was accounted for by added variables. Logistic regression analyses allowed the identification of the beliefs that could be used to structure the educational intervention. The second step was the development and implementation of an intervention based on the identified determinants, with an experimental group during one school semester. Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok & Gottlieb’s (2006) intervention mapping protocol, comprising six steps, was the procedure followed. Finally, a quasi experimental pretest postest device was used in evaluating the effects of this intervention (n = 344). The results obtained through a logistic regression analysis showed a significant 15 % increase in the number of participants exposed to the intervention reaching the prescribed goal of a daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, compared those in the control group (p=0.0219). A covariance analysis reveals a significant effect (p< 0.05) of the intervention on all of the psychosocial variables. Mediation analyses reveal that the effects observed can be attributed to the selected constructs. To conclude, the implementation of an intervention structured according to this model has resulted in the increase of the number of participants reaching the daily consumption goal of fruits and vegetables. A significant change in the determinants associated with the consumption behaviour was also observed. Future interventions with Québec college students on this behavior could successfully follow this procedure.

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Litmanovitz, Yael D. "Moving towards an evidence-base of democratic police training : the development and evaluation of a complex social intervention in the Israeli Border Police." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:168d66e3-5a50-4e85-bde6-577fe6ffe23e.

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The centrality of the police in everyday life means police officers are in position of power to actively support or threaten democratic activities (Sklansky, 2008) for example during protests. In democracies, policing duties should be performed in ways that sustain democratic values, rather than undermine them (Loader, 2006), yet that is not always the reality. Police training is one of the tools for aligning officers' behaviour with societal norms; it is considered a protection against the possibility that police officers abuse the wide-ranging powers they hold (Manning, 2010). Training programs are therefore a basic feature of all police forces' organizational approach. Despite its centrality, training has not received extensive academic attention; there is a pressing need to understand the impact of training on police behaviour and the mechanisms thorough which it operates (Skogan & Frydl, 2004). This thesis attempts to advance the evidence-base of democratic police training following the Medical Research Council's framework for the development and evaluation of complex social interventions (Craig et al., 2008). The Israeli Border Police was chosen as the context to examine the potential of training to advance democratic norms. The three stages of the research project included: theoretical modelling of the existing complex training intervention to assess its alignment with existing evidence; participatory development and piloting of a training curriculum on policing of protests in a democracy that used an Adult Education approach and introduced Procedural Justice-related components; and a pilot quasi-randomised study to evaluate this training. Analysis and reporting are carried out in a way that allows assessment of prospective scale-up and generalisability. Flowing from the empirical work, four strands of theoretical contributions are put forward. First, a theoretical model of police training is proposed, drawing on social psychology constructs. Second, contact theory, which originates in peace education, is proposed as a possible platform for designing both police training and their evaluation studies. Third, four factors limiting the efficacy of Procedural Justice & Legitimacy based training interventions in deeply divided societies are outlined. Fourth, the Border Police case study is used to substantiate the value of participatory research methods for advancing knowledge translation and evidence-based policing.

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Charpiat, Bruno. "Des savoirs nécessaires aux savoirs sollicités lors de l'exercice pharmaceutique clinique : déconstruction et reconstruction à partir du contenu de la base ACT-IP© de la Société Française de Pharmacie Clinique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS050/document.

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En 2003, un groupe de travail de la Société Française de Pharmacie Clinique (SFPC) a mis au point un outil codifiant les interventions relatives aux problèmes médicamenteux détectés au cours de l'analyse de prescription par les pharmaciens ainsi qu'une base de données (ACT-IP©) destinée à la collecte de ces interventions. Notre recherche a eu pour objectifs de préciser les conditions et le potentiel d'analyse du contenu d'ACT-IP© et de fixer les limites de cette analyse. Le travail se décline en quatre séquences : 1. quantifier le savoir nécessaire pour prescrire et dispenser des médicaments 2. déconstruire ce contenu afin de rapporter de quoi une intervention pharmaceutique est le résultat 3. rechercher ce qui normalement aurait dû y être présent et qui est absent 4. dessiner les sujets de recherche à venir. Notre travail démontre que le contenu d'ACT-IP© constitue avant tout une base solide d'analyse des pratiques des pharmaciens
In 2003, a working group of the French Society of Clinical Pharmacy (SFPC) validated an instrument for documentation of pharmacist's interventions in French speaking hospitals. To extend the documentation of these interventions to every pharmacist, a Web site database (ACT-IP©) was created. The aim of our research was to explore the potential and conditions for analyzing the ACT-IP© content and define the limits of this analysis. The work is divided into four sequences: 1. quantifying the necessary knowledge to prescribe and dispense drugs 2. deconstruction of this content in order to capture the elements that lead to pharmacist interventions 3. identifying interventions types that are absent whereas they normally should be present 4. define areas for future research as a connection of ACT-IP content with a fully structured drug information database in order to extend the field of hospital pharmacist practice studies. Our work demonstrates that the content of ACT-IP© primarily constitutes a basis for the analysis pharmacist professional practices instead of a database of prescribing errors

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Fall, Mactar. "L'incidence des associations de proximité sur l'empoworment des acteurs de base." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22699.

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Notre mémoire porte sur les associations de proximité. Il a tenté de répondre à la question : quelle est l'incidence des associations de proximité sur 1 'empowerment des acteurs locaux de base? La réponse à cette interrogation a été motivée par le désir de transférer une expérience d'économie sociale du Nord au Sud, dans une perspective d'amélioration des retombées des associations de proximité en Afrique de l'Ouest en général et au Sénégal en particulier. Il demeure que les effets du recul de l'État providence ont été ressentis partout dans le monde, mais les réactions semblent assez différentes pour faire face à la dévitalisation de certaines localités. Pour étudier les incidences des associations économiques sur l'amélioration de la capacité d'agir de leurs initiateurs, nous nous sommes d'abord inscrits dans une perspective constructiviste. Elle nous semblait être celle qui pourrait rendre de la manière la plus exhaustive possible le vécu des populations. Cette perspective nous a conduit à mener une étude monographique de la Coopérative multiservices de Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton. Puis, des entrevues ciblées sur les effets de la coopérative sur l'empowerment et une observation directe ont complété le travail d'observation. L'analyse des données colligées a permis de comprendre comment l'implication active des acteurs peut développer leur pouvoir individuel, communautaire et organisationnel. Nous nous sommes rendu compte que malgré les intentions déclarées par rapport au renforcement de la démocratie locale, la participation est davantage soutenue chez les administrateurs. D'où la nécessité de travailler à un élargissement de la base démocratique pour faciliter non seulement le renouvellement du personnel gestionnaire, mais également pour inscrire les produits de la coopérative dans la durabilité sur le plan de l'empowerment.

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Troya, Lopez Valeria. "Restorative Justice and emotional literacy : using restorative conversation as a targeted intervention for students who get involved in peer conflict : a multiple base line design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10055612/.

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Restorative Justice (RJ) has its origins in the criminal justice system and in recent years has received growing interest as an alternative method for classroom management and behaviour in schools. RJ sees misbehaviour as a breach to people’s relationships rather than school’s rules thereby puts repairing those relationships as more important than blaming and punishing the wrong doing. RJ is based on the premise that most people care about others and are interested in forming healthy and long lasting relationships. However, for this to happen people need a certain level of understanding and control over their own emotions and those of others. Hence this thesis aimed to explore the fields of RJ and Emotional Literacy (EL) skills independently despite being conceptually linked through the management and understanding of emotions and how this eventually may have an impact in students’ behaviour. The Review Paper consists of a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of Emotional literacy interventions in schools. Even though there is already a large amount of research on social emotional learning programmes, this review is the first of its type to explore EL skills as a separate construct from social skills. Thirteen studies were evaluated. Overall the findings shown a pattern of small and at times non-existent effect sizes. In other words, the impact of EL interventions was found to be limited in promoting students’ EL skills only. However, similarly to other reviews’ outcomes, other areas such as social skills, academic achievement and behavioural difficulties showed significant improvements suggesting that EL interventions are still worth investing in. Recommendations on how to improve the efficiency of the interventions is discussed. The Empirical Paper aimed to explore the impact that an abbreviated version of the RJ conference called Restorative Conversation had in reducing peer conflict incidents and promoting pro-social behaviour in five primary school students. A single case experimental study with multiple baselines was used to analyse visual data obtained from students’ behaviour. Overall, the intervention showed a decreasing trend in peer conflict incidents in four of the five participants, however, only two of these results were found to be statistically significant. In relation to pro-social behaviour, the intervention appeared to yield contradictory results such as two significant but negative effects were found. Fidelity of the implementation was maintained, suggesting the intervention is appropriate for delivery in school settings. Recommendations and implications for future research and discussion of the limitations are considered.

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Gomes, Gonzales Nicole. "Atividade física e saúde na aula de educação física: análise de uma intervenção de base escolar no município de Canguçu/RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3147.

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O estudo objetivou avaliar uma intervenção de base escolar e seus efeitos sobre o nível de atividade física e conhecimento sobre componentes do estilo de vida saudável de escolares da cidade de Canguçu/RS. Quinze escolas foram selecionadas para participar do estudo, as quais foram divididas segundo o tempo de exposição à intervenção (grupo 1- escolas que aderiram à intervenção no ano de 2011 e permaneceram em 2012; grupo 2- escolas que aderiam à intervenção a partir do ano de 2012). As estratégias de intervenção foram: a capacitação dos professores a respeito da temática, entrega de material didático (apostilas e cartazes) e evento científico de troca de experiências entre docentes. O nível de atividade física (ativos: ≥ 300 minutos/semana) e conhecimento sobre saúde e componentes do estilo de vida saudável (escore contínuo através do número de respostas corretas, variando de 0-10), foram medidos por questionário autoaplicável. O estudo teve duração de oito meses e contou com a participação de 624 escolares de ambos os sexos. Houve diminuição no nível de atividade física (p<0,001) e aumento do nível de conhecimento (p<0,001) no pós-intervenção, com maiores médias na nota da prova entre escolares com maior tempo de exposição à intervenção (grupo 1). Foi encontrada uma tendência de aumento do nível de conhecimento de acordo com o aumento no número de planos de aula desenvolvidos pelos professores (p<0,001). Concluiu-se ao final do estudo que uma intervenção de curto prazo melhorou o nível de conhecimento de escolares. Palavras-chave: atividade motora; conhecimento; estudos de intervenção.
The study aimed to evaluate a school - based intervention and its effects on the level of physical activity and knowledge about healthy lifestyle components of schoolchildren in the city of Canguçu / RS. Fifteen schools were selected to participate in the study, which were divided according to the time of exposure to the intervention (group 1- schools that joined the intervention in the year of 2011 and remained in 2012; Group 2 schools that joined the intervention from the year 2012). The intervention strategies were: the training of teachers on the subject, delivery of didactic material (handouts and posters) and a scientific event to exchange experiences among teachers. The level of physical activity (active: ≥ 300 minutes / week) and knowledge about health and components of healthy lifestyle (continuous score through the number of correct answers, ranging from 0-10) were measured by self-administered questionnaire. The study lasted eight months and had the participation of 624 students of both sexes. There was a decrease in the level of physical activity (p <0.001) and an increase in the level of knowledge (p <0.001) in the postintervention, with higher averages in the test grade among schoolchildren with a longer exposure time to Intervention group 1. There was a tendency to increase the level of knowledge according to the increase in the number of lesson plans developed by teachers (p <0.001). It was concluded at the end of the study that a short-term intervention improved the level of knowledge of schoolchildren. Keywords: motor activity; knowledge; Intervention studies

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Hervieu-Léger, Danièle. "Religion, utopie, communautés : christianisme et modernité." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHESA004.

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Les travaux presentes s'ordonnent selon trois axes : un premier axe concerne les phenomenes de dissemination de la thematique chretienne du salut dans les utopies revees et pratiquees du changement social radical. Les "communautes de base" des annees 70 en france, les communautes neo-rurales du "retour a la nature" ont constitue le principal support empirique de cette analyse des transferts utopico-politiques de l'attente religieuse. Celle-ci m'a conduit a developper une approche plus generalisante de la "religion" discrete" des mouvements sociaux (mouvement des femmes, mouvement ecologique), elle-meme interpretee comme une des modalites de l'eviction sociale et culturelle de la religion dans la modernite. Un second axe de recherche s'est deploye dans le prolongement du travail entrepris en 1979 sur les communautes apocalyptiques neorurales en france. Ceci impliquait de reconsiderer la problematique de la secularisation comme perte de la religion qui avait guide mes premiers travaux, afin d'analyser les creations religieuses de ces groupes, et de l'orienter vers l'analyse des productions religieuses de la modernite. Dans cette ligne, j'ai entrepris une reelaboration theorique du concept de secularisation lui-meme, afin de rendre compte a la fois du processus de perte d'emprise sociale et culturelle des institutions religieuses lie a l'expansion de la rationalite moderne
This thesis includes three parts : - a first field is regarding the dissemination of the set of christian themes about salvation in the dreamed and practiced utopias of radical social change. The "basis communities" in france, during the seventies, the neo-rural communes aiming a "come back to nature" had provided the main empirical stand for an analysis of the political shifts of the religious waiting. This analysis led me to a more generalizing approach of the "discreet religion" of social movements (women movement, ecological movement) as a mode of supplanting religion inside the modern world. I have started a second field of research with a study i began in 1979, on the new apocalyptic neo-rural communes in france. I had to review the definition of secularization as the lost of religion, which had directed my previous studies, in order to interpret the religious creations of these groups, and beyond, to make an analysis of the religious production of modernity. The theoretical conceptualization of secularization i present is arranged to understand both the process of social and cultural withdrawal of the churches, and the "new reli

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Cortelyou, Kathryn. "Exploring Intensive Reading Intervention Teachers' Formal and Practical Knowledge of Beginning Reading Instruction Provided to At-Risk First Grade Readers." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5173.

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This study was designed with two goals in mind. The first goal was to describe the formal and practical knowledge of intensive reading intervention teachers related to beginning reading instruction with at-risk first graders. A second goal was to understand any potential relationships between intensive reading teachers' practical knowledge and formal knowledge. These two goals framed the study's three research questions. To answer these three questions, the study was conducted in two phases. Phase one included 32 participants, all of whom worked in the role of a K-2 intensive reading intervention teacher. Each of these 32 participants completed a background questionnaire and a paper/pencil Teacher Knowledge Assessment (TKA). The TKA measured participants' formal knowledge of beginning reading concepts. Participants' scores on the TKA were then rank-ordered from lowest to highest to help guide the selection of phase two participants. Eight teachers in all participated in phase two of the study dedicated to the study of teachers' practical knowledge of reading. Participants' practical knowledge of reading was explored through three activities including a semi-structured interview, a concept-mapping activity and a videotaped reading lesson. Data analysis revealed several important findings. Intensive reading intervention teachers in this study's sample differed in their formal knowledge of reading, measured by the TKA, and in their practical knowledge of reading, explored through interviews, concept-maps and reading lessons. The TKA revealed that study participants' held more formal knowledge of concepts related to phonology and phonics and less formal knowledge of concepts related to morphology and syllable types. Related to practical knowledge, data analysis revealed that the teachers in this sample differed in their knowledge of beginning reading with subject-matter knowledge accounting for most of the differences. These gaps in subject-matter knowledge also impacted this sample of teachers' use of instructional strategies and purposes of instruction. Data analysis also revealed insight into the relationships between this sample of teachers' formal and practical reading knowledge. In this sample, intensive reading intervention teachers with more formal knowledge of reading concepts as measured on the TKA demonstrated more evidence of these concepts within their instruction provided to at-risk first grade readers. The participants in this sample who had less formal knowledge of beginning reading as measured by the TKA demonstrated less evidence of these concepts within their instruction provided to at-risk first grade readers. Participants with less formal knowledge did accurately calibrate their knowledge of the concepts tested on the TKA but did not equate the lower scores to their practical knowledge and overall teaching efficacy. The findings from this study added several important contributions to the literature on teacher knowledge and beginning reading instruction. First, the study was unique in its focus on intensive reading intervention teachers, thus contributing new findings related to a specialized group of teachers. Secondly, this study contributed descriptions of teachers' practical knowledge with regards to beginning reading instruction. These descriptions are relatively absent in the current literature on teacher knowledge. Thirdly, the results from this study supported earlier findings in favor of a specialized body of subject-matter knowledge, especially related to beginning reading skills and concepts. Finally, the results contributed insight into the relationships between teachers' formal reading knowledge and practical reading knowledge.
Ed.D.
Doctorate
Education and Human Performance
Education

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Nunes, Luís Saboga. "Web-assisted tobacco intervention in Portuguese: intentions to make behavioural changes and behavioural changes." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9898.

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ABSTRACT - The problem of how to support “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC) and “behaviour changes” (BC) in smoking cessation when there is a scarcity of resources is a pressing issue in public health terms. The present research focuses on the use of information and communications technologies and their role in smoking cessation. It is developed in Portugal after the ratification of WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (on 8 November 2005). The prevalence of smokers over fifteen years of age within the population stood at 20.9% (30.9% for men and 11.8% for women). While the strategy of helping people to quit smoking has been emphasised at National Health Service (NHS) level, the uptake of cessation assistance has exceeded the capacity of the service. This induced the search of new theoretical and practical venues to offer alternative options to people willing to stop smoking. Among these, the National Health Plan (NHP) of Portugal (2004-2010), identifies the use of information technologies in smoking cessation. eHealth and the importance of health literacy as a means of empowering people to make behavioural changes is recurrently considered an option worth investigating. The overall objective of this research is to understand, in the Portuguese context, the use of the Internet to help people to stop smoking. Research questions consider factors that may contribute to “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC) and “behavioural changes” (BC) while using a Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP). Also consideration is given to the trade-off on the use of the Web as a tool for smoking cessation: can it reach a vast number of people for a small cost (efficiency) demonstrating to work in the domain of smoking cessation (efficacy)”? In addition to the introduction, there is a second chapter in which the use of tobacco is discussed as a public health menace. The health gains achieved by stopping smoking and the means of quitting are also examined, as is the use of the Internet in smoking cessation. Then, several research issues are introduced. These include background theory and the theoretical framework for the Sense of Coherence. The research model is also discussed. A presentation of the methods, materials and of the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) follows. In chapter four the results of the use of the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) are presented. This study is divided into two sections. The first describes results related to quality control in relation to the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) and gives an overview of its users. Of these, 3,150 answered initial eligibility questions. In the end, 1,463 met all eligibility requirements, completed intake, decided on a day to quit smoking (Dday) and declared their “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC) while a second targeted group of 650 did not decide on a Dday. With two quit attempts made before joining the platform, most of the participants had experienced past failures while wanting to stop. The smoking rate averaged 21 cigarettes per day. With a mean age of 35, of the participants 55% were males. Among several other considerations, gender and the Sense of Coherence (SOC) influenced the success of participants in their IBC and endeavour to set quit dates. The results of comparing males and females showed that, for current smokers, establishing a Dday was related to gender differences, not favouring males (OR=0.76, p<0.005). Belonging to higher Socio-economic strata (SES) was associated with the intention to consider IBC (when compared to lower SES condition) (OR=1.57, p<0.001) and higher number of school years (OR=0.70, p<0.005) favoured the decision to smoking cessation. Those who demonstrated higher confidence in their likelihood of success in stopping in the shortest time had a higher rate of setting a Dday (OR=0.51, p<0.001). There were differences between groups in IBC reflecting the high and low levels of the SOC score (OR=1.43, p=0.006), as those who considered setting a Dday had higher levels of SOC. After adjusting for all variables, stages of readiness to change and SOC were kept in the model. This is the first Arm of this research where the focus is a discussion of the system’s implications for the participants’ “intentions to make behavioural changes” (IBC). Moreover, a second section of this study (second Arm) offers input collected from 77 in-depth interviews with the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) users. Here, “Behaviour Change” (BC) and the usability of the platform are explored a year after IBC was declared. A percentage of 32.9% of self-reported, 12-month quitters in continuous abstinence from smoking from Dday to the 12-month follow- up point of the use of the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) has been assessed. Comparing the Sense of Coherence (SOC) scores of participants by their respective means, according to the two groups, there was a significant difference in these scores of non smokers (BC) (M=144,66, SD=22,52) and Sense of Coherence (SOC) of smokers (noBC) (M=131,51, SD=21,43) p=0.014. This WATIP strategy and its contents benefit from the strengthening of the smoker’s sense of coherence (SOC), so that the person’s progress towards a life without tobacco may be experienced as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful. In this sample the sense of coherence (SOC) effect is moderate although it is associated with the day to quit smoking (Dday). Some of the limitations of this research have to do with self-selection bias, sample size (power) and self-reporting (no biochemical validation). The enrolment of participants was therefore not representative of the smoking population. It is not possible to verify the Web-Assisted Tobacco Intervention Probe (WATIP) evaluation of external validity; consequently, the results obtained cannot be applied generalized. No participation bias is provided. Another limitation of this study is the associated limitations of interviews. Interviewees’ perception that fabricating answers could benefit them more than telling the simple truth in response to questions is a risk that is not evaluated (with no external validation like measuring participants’ carbon monoxide levels). What emerges in this analysis is the relevance of the process that leads to the establishment of the quit day (Dday) to stop using tobacco. In addition, technological issues, when tailoring is the focus, are key elements for scrutiny. The high number of dropouts of users of the web platform mandates future research that should concentrate on the matters of the user-centred design of portals. The focus on gains in health through patient-centred care needs more research, so that technology usability be considered within the context of best practices in smoking cessation.

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Vallée, Dore Boromir. "L’engagement d’une communauté hétéroclite dans la négociation d’une intervention de proximité au carrefour de la revitalisation, de la gentrification et de la mixité sociale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66603.

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Le quartier Saint-Roch de la ville de Québec est marqué par un processus de revitalisation, une mixité sociale et divers défis sociaux. La présente recherche qualitative vise à explorer et comprendre une intervention de proximité qui s’y déploie et qui vise à améliorer la cohabitation entre les divers groupes sociaux. Il s’agit du travail de l’agent.e1de mixité. Ce mémoire vise à répondre à la question de recherche suivante : Comment la fonction de l’agent.e de mixité est-elle négociée à l’intersection des perceptions qu’ont les acteurs sociaux concernés par les défis entraînés par le contexte de revitalisation du quartier Saint-Roch et de leurs attentes envers cette fonction? Le cadre théorique de la recherche repose sur le constructivisme et s’inscrit plus précisément dans l’interactionnisme symbolique. La collecte de données a été réalisée auprès de sept participants.es issus.es de cinq groupes sociaux : citoyens.nes, citoyens.nes en situation de pauvreté, travailleurs.euses du communautaire,commerçants.es et travailleurs.euses dans une institution. Les résultats permettent de connaître leurs perceptions des défis présents dans le contexte de revitalisation et de mixité sociale du quartier tels que la cohabitation, la gentrification, la marginalisation et la judiciarisation, mais aussi leurs attentes concernant la fonction, la posture et les compétences de l’agent.e de mixité. Par la suite, les résultats de ces entrevues individuelles ont été présentés à un groupe de 12personnes impliquées auprès du Projet Vie de parvis. Les échanges lors de cette rencontre mettent en lumière les dimensions de la fonction d’agent.e de mixité qui sont négociées à l’intersection de ces différentes attentes et perceptions telles que la temporalité, les contours, la portée et l’étendue de cette fonction. Tout le contenu a été compilé et analysé à l’aide de Dedoose.
The Saint-Roch district of Quebec City is marked by a process of revitalization, a societal mix,and diverse social challenges. This qualitative research aims to explore and understand a local intervention which is deployed there and aims to improve cohabitation between the various social groups. This is the job of the agent.e de mixité. This thesis aims to answer the following research question : How is the function of the agent.e de mixité negotiated at the intersection of the perceptions of social actors concerned by the challenges brought about by the context of revitalization of the Saint-Roch district and their expectations for this function? The theoretical framework of the research is based on constructivism and is more precisely inscribed in symbolic interactionism. Data collection was carried out with seven participants from five social groups: citizens, citizens living in poverty, community workers, traders, and workers in an institution. The results allow us to understand their perceptions of the challenges present in the context of revitalization and social mix of the district such as cohabitation, gentrification, marginalization, and judiciarisation. It also allows understanding of their expectations regarding the function, position, and skills of the agent.e de mixité. Subsequently, the results of these individual interviews were presented to a group of 12 people involved with the Projet Vie de parvis. The discussions during this meeting shed light on the dimensions of the function of the agent.e de mixité which are negotiated at the intersection of these different expectations and perceptions such as temporality, outlines, scope, and extent of function. All content has been compiled and analyzed using Dedoose.

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Chavanelle, Vivien. "Effets de deux modalités d'entraînement et d'une complémentation à base d'extraits végétaux sur le développement du diabète de type 2 : Physiologie." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS021.

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Le diabète de type 2 (DT2) représente l’un des principaux défis de santé du XXI ème siècle. En 2015, 415 millions de personnes dans le monde étaient touchées tandis que 318 millions de plus présentaient un prédiabète, un stade défini comme à haut risque de développer la pathologie, mais encore réversible. Les recommandations hygiéno-diététiques (activité physique et alimentation) constituent la première ligne d’intervention dans le cadre de la lutte contre l’apparition du diabète de type 2. L’objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer l’effet de deux stratégies interventionnelles inscrites dans les mesures hygiéno-diététiques sur le développement du DT2. L’étude 1 visait à comparer l’effet de deux modalités d’exercice chronique (continu à intensité modérée vs. intermittent de haute intensité) sur le développement du DT2 de jeunes souris db/db. L’étude 2 s’attachait à mesurer les effets d’un mélange de 5 extraits de plantes (Composition brevetée Totum-63,) sur le développement du DT2 à partir de deux modèles du prédiabète : la jeune souris db/db et la souris rendue insulinorésistante suite à un régime riche en graisses. Dans la 1 ère étude, l’entrainement intermittent de haute intensité a amélioré le contrôle glycémique indépendamment d’une adaptation de la fonction mitochondriale via notamment une augmentation du contenu musculaire en Glut4. Dans notre seconde étude, Totum- 63 a entrainé une amélioration du contrôle glycémique et de la sensibilité à l’insuline dans nos deux modèles. Plusieurs mécanismes sur différents tissus impliqués dans la physiopathologie du DT2 ont été mis en évidence, suggérant une action pléiotrope de Totum-63. En conclusion, ces résultats soutiennent l’intérêt de ces deux approches non-médicamenteuses dans le cadre de la lutte contre le développement du DT2. L’étude de l’action de l’activité physique combinée à celle de Totum-63, présente un intérêt supplémentaire et constitue un prolongement possible des travaux de cette thèse
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents one of the main challenges for the 21 st century. In 2015, 415 million people in the world were diabetic and 318 million more showed signs of prediabetes, a condition defined by a high risk of developing T2D, though still reversible. Lifestyle recommendations (physical activity and diet) form the first line of intervention for T2D prevention. The objective of this thesis was to measure the effects of two lifestyle-based therapeutic strategies on T2D development. Study 1 aimed at comparing the effects of two chronic exercise modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training vs. high-intensity interval training) on the progression of T2D of young db/db mice. Study 2 was focused on assessing the effects of a blend of 5 plants (patented formula Totum-63) on the development of T2D of two murine models of prediabetes: young db/db mice and high-fat diet induced insulin resistance mice. In study 1, high-intensity interval training improved glycaemic control maybe through enhanced muscular Glut4 content despite no adaptation of mitochondrial function. In study 2, Totum-63 supplementation improved glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in both models of prediabetes. Several mechanisms in tissues involved in T2D physiopathology were unveiled, suggesting a pleiotropic action of Totum-63. In conclusion, this work supports the interest of these two lifestyle- based interventions for preventing T2D development. Future prospects include the study of the combined action of chronic exercise and Totum-63

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Gomes, Fabio da Silva. "Avaliação da efetividade de intervenção de base comunitária voltada para a promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em territórios de baixa renda da cidade do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5554.

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Evidências cada vez mais consistentes têm subsidiado a definição de recomendações acerca do consumo de frutas e hortaliças (F&H) como um fator de proteção contra o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis. Essas recomendações têm sido transformadas em iniciativas de promoção do consumo de F&H. A escassez de estudos sobre a efetividade de intervenções voltadas para mudanças no consumo de F&H motivou a concepção desta tese, que teve por objetivo avaliar a efetividade de uma estratégia que integra diversas ações de promoção do consumo de frutas e hortaliças em múltiplos cenários, desenvolvidas junto a famílias que vivem em comunidades de baixa renda no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em três comunidades cobertas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família na Zona Oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2007 a 2010. Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção comunitária tipo antes-e-depois. A coleta de dados incluiu duas avaliações pré-intervenção e uma avaliação pós-intervenção sobre a disponibilidade intradomiciliar e consumo de F&H e outras práticas alimentares. A intervenção mostrou-se efetiva para aumentar a disponibilidade intra-domiciliar de frutas e hortaliças nas três comunidades. Famílias mais expostas ao conjunto de elementos da intervenção apresentaram um maior aumento na aquisição de F&H entre o período pré e pós-intervenção. Mesmo em cenários sócio-demográficos menos favoráveis, quando as famílias foram mais expostas à intervenção, houve aumento pontual na disponibilidade intra-domiciliar de frutas e/ou hortaliças, apesar de não estatisticamente significativo. Por outro lado, também foi demonstrado que aumentos na aquisição de refrigerantes e biscoitos atenuaram o efeito da intervenção.
Increasingly consistent evidence have been subsidising the definition of recommendations regarding the consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) as a protective factor against the occurrence of non-communicable diseases. These recommendations have been put into action through several initiatives to promote F&V consumption. The scarcity of studies on the effectiveness of interventions dedicated to increasing the consumption of F&V has motivated the conception of this project, which aims at evaluating the impact of a strategy that integrates several actions to promote the consumption of F&V among families that live in low income communities in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. The study took place in three communities covered by the Brazilian Family Health Strategy, from the West Region of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, between 2007 and 2010. A communitarian before-and-after intervention study design was adopted. Data collection has included two baseline assessments and a post-intervention one on the household availability of F&V and other eating and food related practices. The intervention has been shown to be effective on increasing F&V household availability in all communities. Families that were most exposed to all elements of interventions actions have experienced a greater increase in the acquisition of F&V between the pre- and post-intervention moments. Even when living in less favourable sociodemographic scenarios, families that were more exposed to the intervention have increased their F&V household availability, albeit this improvement was not statistically significant. On the other hand, it has also been demonstrated that increases in the acquisition of soft drinks and biscuits have attenuated the intervention effect.

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Zhu, Kai. "The state-owned enterprise reform in China : its potential for economic take-off in less developed localities." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12003/document.

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Cette thèse, par le biais d'une approche scientifique, propose une solution visant à favoriser le développement économique des localités les moins développées de Chine. Les mesures institutionnelles prises sous la Réforme vers l'économie de marché (de 1978 à nos jours), n'ont pas permis de réduire les inégalités économiques entre les différentes localités. L'innovation institutionnelle est nécessaire pour permettre le développement économique et engendrer une société harmonieuse. Bien que davantage d'études théoriques soient encore en cours, mes investigations en Chine en 2004 et 2005 m'ont convaincu que les localités les moins développées de Chine peinent à mettre en place des économies de marché si elles ne bénéficient pas du soutien du gouvernement aussi bien au niveau local que national. Cette découverte contredit le culte actuel du marché et met en évidence la sous-évaluation du rôle à différents niveaux du gouvernement, dans le développement économique local. Grâce aux expériences de développement local en Chine depuis la Réforme, l'intervention de l'Etat a pu adopter une approche 'market-enhancing' et à différents niveaux, le gouvernement a pu coopérer avec des institutions privées pour favoriser le développement économique dans les localités les moins développées. Ainsi, cette thèse tente de redéfinir les relations entre les fonctions économiques du gouvernement, l'économie locale, les agents publics et privés dans le contexte de la Réforme d'économie de marché. Les entreprises d'état sont le point focal de l'innovation institutionnelle. Pendant la période de Pré-Réforme (1949-1978), elles étaient dirigées par le gouvernement central sous le régime du socialisme et ont remarquablement contribué au développement économique local. Mais la Réforme orientée vers une économie de marché lancée en 1978 les a privatisées ou transformées en corporations avec peu d'objectif sociopolitique et ne visant qu'à maximiser les profits, et donc par conséquent la contribution des entreprises d'état à l'économie locale s'est réduite au paiement des impôts et à la création d'emplois. Les répercussions bénéfiques au niveau local s'avèrent très limitées, notamment pour les localités moins développées ne bénéficiant pas des entreprises d'état réformées. Inspirée par des pratiques du partenariat public-privée, cette thèse propose un nouveau modèle d'entreprise d'état multifonctionnelle à double objectif sociopolitique et économique. Les caractéristiques possibles de cette entreprise seraient : 1) sa localisation : dans les localités les moins développées ; 2) la coopération publique-privée pouvant adopter différentes formes d'organisation avec des droits et obligations bien définis dans le contrat des entreprises; 3) elle encourage les initiatives sociopolitiques contribuant au développement de l'économie locale en combinant les dynamiques de marché
This PhD dissertation offers a scientifically supported solution to economic development in China's less developed localities (LDLs). The market-oriented Reform (from 1978 onwards) has not produced the institutional arrangement necessary to reduce the spatial economic inequality. lnstitutional innovation is necessary to achieve economic development and build a harmonious society. My investigations in China during 2004 to 2005 show that the LDLs hardly build up efficient local market economies without the government support from both central and locallevels. This finding challenges the current market hype in China and shows the undervaluation of multi-levelled governments' roI es in local economic development. Drawing experiences from local economic take-off in China, state intervention can adopt a marketenhancing approach and multi-level governments can cooperate with private forces to develop LDLs. This finding inspires a re-definition of the relationships between the government's economic functions, local economy, public and private forces in the context of the market-oriented Reform. State-owned enterprises (SOE) have proven to be a platform for such cooperation because during the pre-Reform period (1949-1978) they contributed remarkably in their traditional form to local economic development, especially in LDLs. But the SOE reform has gradually privatized traditional SOEs and transformed them into profit-oriented enterprises with hardly any socio-political objectives. The SOEs' contribution to the local economy has been reduced to tax payment and job creation, which both pro duce very limited benefits to localities, because in LDLs few jobs are created and taxes are collected at higher administrative levels. Recalling and updating the 'old' roles of the SOE, this thesis attempts a redefinition of the relationships between the SOE and the local economy in the context of the market-oriented Reform. A new kind ofmulti-functional SOE is proposed by drawing upon the traditional and the reformed models. A set of characteristics identify this SOE: 1) it should be located in LDLs; 2) it may adopt various shareholding forms but shareholders have clear dut Y and right under contract; and 3) it undertakes socio-political objectives, aiming to combine market dynamics with local development potential in order to promote local economic take-off

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Gomes, José Carlos Rodrigues. "Promoção da saúde mental em espaço urbano: a investigação participada de base comunitária na construção de um plano local de promoção de saúde mental: um estudo de caso." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9264.

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RESUMO: A saúde pública deve estar atenta aos contextos e às mudanças sociais, políticas, económicas, científicas e tecnológicas com que se confrontam constantemente as comunidades, particularmente em situações de grandes transformações como o momento que a União Europeia atravessa. A urbanização é provavelmente a mudança demográfica mais importante das últimas décadas. Tendo importantes repercussões sobre a saúde mental, é importante desenvolver a investigação neste domínio, de forma multidisciplinar e integrando a compreensão dos diferentes determinantes sociais, psicológicos e físicos. As políticas de saúde mental tornaram-se uma parte importante da política social e da sociedade de bem-estar, em particular se considerarmos a urbanização das nossas comunidades. Considerar a saúde mental em espaço urbano é fundamentalmente estudar como um espaço particular pode influenciar a saúde. Baseado nesta reflexão, desenvolveu-se uma investigação participada de base comunitária, com recurso a uma metodologia de estudo de caso. Recorreu-se a dezenas de documentos de referência local, registos em arquivo, à observação direta, à observação participante e à observação in loco do espaço urbano. Foi utilizada uma amostragem em bola de neve, estratificada, para selecionar 697 habitantes de uma cidade da área metropolitana de Lisboa. Estes habitantes foram entrevistados por 42 entrevistadores, previamente formados, assim como foram enviados questionários online dirigidos aos professores (196) e aos Técnicos Superiores de Serviço Social (12) em exercício no espaço urbano em estudo, para a caraterização sociodemográfica e para avaliação de indicadores de saúde, de indicadores relacionados com a saúde e de indicadores estruturais de saúde mental. Os resultados mostraram um espaço urbano promotor de saúde estrutura-se para capacitar os seus cidadãos a se integrarem ativamente no funcionamento da sua comunidade. Foram identificadas algumas caraterísticas como 1) o início do processo de promoção da saúde mental ser o mais precoce possível; 2) a participação comunitária ativa, num sentimento de segurança individual e comunitária, envolvendo estruturas governamentais e não-governamentais; 3) a solidariedade e a inclusão, promovendo o voluntariado e a promoção do suporte social e desenvolvendo a coesão social; 4) o reconhecimento das necessidades expressas pelos habitantes; 5) a identificação de respostas para a conciliação entre vida pessoal, familiar e profissional; 6) as estruturas de acompanhamento dos grupos sociais mais desfavorecidos; 7) as estratégias de combate ao isolamento envolvendo a população sénior e outros grupos minoritários ativamente no processo de reorganização do seu funcionamento social; 8) uma efetiva governança e gestão relacional por parte dos poderes locais, centrando a vida quotidiana da comunidade nas pessoas. A investigação participada de base comunitária constitui um instrumento útil e eficaz no desenho de planos locais de promoção da saúde mental para encontrar respostas ao desafio em saúde pública: a saúde mental e a urbanização.
RESUMÉ: La santé publique doit être consciente des contextes et des changements sociaux, politiques, économiques, scientifiques et technologiques qui confrontent constamment nos communautés, particulièrement dans les moments de grandes transformation, comme celui que l'Union Européenne traverse. L'urbanisation est probablement le changement démographique le plus important dans les dernières décennies. Ayant d’importante répercussions sur la santé mentale, il est nécessaire de développé la recherche dans ce domaine, de façon pluridisciplinaire et intégrant une compréhension des différents déterminants sociale, psychologique et physique. Les politiques de santé mentale sont devenus une partie importante de la politique sociale et du bien-être, surtout si l'urbanisation de nos communautés est tenue en compte. Considérer la santé mentale dans les zones urbaines c’est essentiellement étudier comment un espace particulier peut influencer la santé. Tenant en compte ces considérations, nous avons développé un programme de recherche communautaire participative, en utilisant une méthodologie d’étude de cas. Nous avons analysé des dizaines de documents de référence locaux, des dossiers d’archives, l'observation directe, l’observation participante et l'observation in-situ de l'espace urbain. Un échantillonnage en boule de neige, stratifié, a été utilisé pour sélectionner 697 habitants d'un territoire d'une ville métropolitaine de Lisbonne. Ces habitants ont été interrogés par 42 enquêteurs formés, et nous avons envoyé des questionnaires on-line pour les enseignants (196) et les techniciens des services sociaux (12) agissant dans la région urbaine en étude urbaine pour la caractérisation sociodémographiques et l'évaluation d’indicateurs de santé, et d'indicateur liés à la santé ainsi que des indicateurs structurels de la santé mentale. Les résultats montrent que la ville promotrice de santé mentale se structure de façon à permettre à ses citoyens d'intégrer activement le fonctionnement de leur communauté, compte tenu 1) le processus de promotion de la santé mentale commence le plus tôt possible, 2) la participation communautaire active, qui développe un sentiment et les structures de sécurité de la communauté impliquant les structures gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, 3) la solidarité et l'inclusion, la promotion du bénévolat et la promotion du soutien social et le développement de la cohésion sociale, 4) la reconnaissance des besoins exprimés par les habitants; 5) l'identification des réponses à la réconciliation de la vie individuelle, familiale et professionnelle, 6) des structures de support pour les groupes sociaux défavorisés; 7) des stratégies visant à lutter contre l'isolement des personnes âgées et d’autres groupes minoritaires en les engageant activement dans le processus de réorganisation leur fonctionnement social, 8) une gouvernance relationnelle et une gestion efficace par les autorités locales, en se concentrant sur la vie quotidienne des gens de la collectivité. La recherche communautaire participative est un outil utile et efficace pour la conception d’un plan locale de promotion de la santé mentale, possibilitant les moyens de relever ce défi pour la santé publique: la santé mentale e l'urbanisation.
RESUMEN: La salud pública debe tener en cuenta los contextos y los cambios sociales, políticos, económicos, científicos y tecnológicos que nuestras comunidades enfrentan constantemente, particularmente en situaciones de grande cambio como aquel que la Unión Europea está pasando. La urbanización es probablemente el cambio demográfico más importante en las últimas décadas. Teniendo importantes repercusiones en la salud mental, es importante el desarrollo de una investigación multidisciplinar integrando una amplia comprensión de los diferentes determinantes sociales, psicológicos y físicos. Las políticas de salud mental se han convertido en una parte importante de la política social y bienestar de la sociedad, especialmente teniendo en cuenta la urbanización de nuestras comunidades. Considerar la salud mental en las zonas urbanas es esencialmente el estudio de cómo un espacio determinado puede influir en la salud. En base a esta consideración, hemos desarrollado una investigación participativa basada en la comunidad, utilizando una metodología de estudio de caso. Hizo un llamamiento a decenas de documentos de referencia locales, de registros en los archivos, observación directa, observación participante y observación in situ del espacio urbano. Se utilizó una amostragem bola de nieve, estratificada, para seleccionar 697 habitantes de una ciudad del área metropolitana de Lisboa. Estas personas fueron entrevistadas por 42 encuestadores, previamente entrenados. Se envió también un cuestionario on-line para profesores (196) y técnicos de servicio social (12) que actúan en la ciudad en estudio para la caracterización sociodemográficas, y evaluación de indicadores de salud, indicadores relacionados con la salud y los indicadores estructurales de salud mental. Los resultados muestran que la ciudad promotora de salud mental se estructura para permitir a sus ciudadanos que se integren activamente en el funcionamiento de su comunidad, teniendo en cuenta 1) el proceso de promoción de la salud mental, tan pronto como sea posible, 2) la participación activa de la comunidad, con un sentido de seguridad personal de las estructuras y de la comunidad que involucran estructuras gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, 3) la solidaridad y la inclusión, la promoción del voluntariado y la promoción del apoyo social y el desarrollo de la cohesión social, 4) el reconocimiento de las necesidades expresadas por los habitantes; 5) la identificación de las respuestas a la conciliación de la vida personal, familiar y profesional, 6) desarrollo de las estructuras de los grupos sociales más desfavorecidos; 7) las estrategias para combatir el aislamiento en la tercera edad y otros grupos minoritarios con un envolvimiento activo en el proceso de reorganización su funcionamiento social, 8) una gobernanza relacional y gestión eficaz de las autoridades locales, centrándose en la vida cotidiana de las personas de la comunidad. La investigación participativa basada en la comunidad es una herramienta útil y eficaz para el diseño de un plan local de promoción de la salud mental que permite respuestas a este reto en salud pública: la salud mental y la urbanización.
ABSTRACT: Public health should be aware of context and to social, political, economic, scientific and technological changes that are constantly facing communities, particularly in situations of great change as the time the European Union is going through. Urbanization is probably the most important demographic change in recent decades. Having an important impact on mental, it is important to develop research in this field, in a multidisciplinary way and integrating the understanding of the different social, psychological and physical determinants. Mental health policies have become an important part of social policy and societal wellbeing, especially considering the urbanization of our communities. To consider the mental health in urban areas it is essential to study how a particular space can influence health. Based on this consideration, we developed a community-based participatory research, using a case study methodology. We appealed to dozens of local reference documents, records on file, direct observation, participant observation and in-situ observation of an urban space. We used a stratified snowball sampling to select 697 inhabitants of a city from Lisbon metropolitan area. These inhabitants were interviewed by 42 interviewers previously trained, and we also sent online questionnaires for teachers (196) and the Social Service Technicians (12) acting in the urban area for a sociodemographic characterization and the assessment of health indicators, healthrelated indicators and structural indicators of mental health. The results show that the health promoter city structure itself to enable its citizens to actively integrate the functioning of their community, considering 1) the process of mental health promotion as early as possible, 2) active community participation, building a sense of personal security and community structures involving governmental and nongovernmental authorities, 3) solidarity and inclusion, promoting volunteerism, promoting social support and developing social cohesion, 4) recognition of the needs expressed by the inhabitants; 5) the identification of responses to the reconciliation of personal, family and professional life, 6) monitoring and enhancing structures to the most disadvantaged social groups; 7) strategies to combat the isolation, involving senior citizens and other minority groups actively in the process of the reorganization their social functioning, 8) an effective relational governance and management by local authorities, focusing on the everyday life of the community people. The communitybased participatory research is a useful and effective tool to design a mental health promotion local plan to find answers for this challenge in public health: mental health and urbanization.

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Maes, Arnaud. "Intervention du triptyque communauté virtuelle, multinationales et techniques d'information et de communication sur la communication virtuelle des masses : enjeux et stratégie de gouvernance de l'internet et rôle des TIC dans la co-régulation société civile et multinationales marchandes : étude de cas : sportmalin.com, le site communautaire d'e-commerce des sports et des loisirs en France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32026.

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L’avènement des TIC accentue le phénomène des communautés virtuelles. Privilégiant plutôt l’aspect social que technologique, l’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre la communication et l’organisation dans ces communautés. Le problème terrain a été d’étudier ce phénomène dans un contexte communautaire. Les investigations se sont alors focalisées sur l’analyse d’un site sportif d’e-commerce primé par de nombreux prix d’innovation en terme de modèle de constitution communautaire: Sportmalin. Com Dès lors sur le plan théorique, nous envisageons les TIC comme « des artéfacts communicationnels ». Le principal intérêt est de révéler que le phénomène communautaire provient majoritairement d’une médiation entre trois objets antinomiques du système mais néanmoins interreliés : les outils communautaires, les enjeux mercantiles et la volonté des membres de faire partager leurs connaissances. Pendant 20 mois, l’analyse nous apprend qu’une adéquation est possible entre une problématique mercantile et communautaire. Tel un rouage, chaque partie (communautés virtuelles, outils communautaires, TIC, marketing et multinationales) se complète tout en restant dépendante les unes des autres. L’ensemble du phénomène de communauté virtuelle résulte de stratégies d’acteurs et de choix rationnels. Bien que les communautés virtuelles semblent être le produit d’efforts délibérément coordonnés d’un ensemble d’acteurs, le facteur humain constitue la variable instable de ce système communautaire. La conclusion révèle que la « communauté virtuelle commerciale », telle que nous allons la décrire au cours de cette étude, constitue le modèle universel de toute communauté virtuelle artefact
The increasing of ICT accentuates the phenomenon of the virtual communities. Rather privileging the social aspect more than the technological aspect, the aim of this thesis is to understand communication and organization in these communities. The ground problem has been to study this increasing phenomenon in a community context. The investigations then focused on the analysis of a community site of e-business in sports awarded by numerous innovation prizes as model of a community constitution: sportmalin. Com. Therefore from a theoretical point of view, it is necessary to understand the ICT as “communicational actefacts”. The principal interest was to reveal that the community phenomenon mainly results from a mediation between three antinomic objects of the system but nevertheless linked together : the community technical tools, the mercantile stakes and the will of the members to share and exchange their knowledge. The survey led during twenty months teaches us that an adequacy is possible between a mercantile and a community problematics. Just like a cog of a system, every part (virtual communities, community tools, the ICT, marketing initiative and the multinationals) completes the other as well as remaining dependent with the others. The analysis grants that the whole phenomenon of virtual community is the sole result of strategy of actors and rational choices. Although the virtual communities seem to be the product of deliberately coordinated efforts of a set of actors, the human factor is the unstable variable of this community system. The conclusion of this research reveals that the “ virtual commercial community ”, such as we are going to describe it in this study, establishes the universal model of any virtual community artefact

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Roux, Lydie. "Comment l'activité physique peut-elle favoriser le développement des fonctions exécutives chez l'enfant d'âge scolaire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30039.

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Les fonctions exécutives (FE) sont des fonctions cognitives qui nous permettent de nous adapter à notre environnement. Ces fonctions essentielles à notre évolution apparaissent comme moins efficientes chez les enfants de nos jours que chez les enfants de générations passées. Il est dès lors important de nous questionner sur les facteurs qui permettent le développement des FE en vue d'intervenir en faveur de leur développement. L'activité physique (AP) peut avoir un effet sur le développement des FE des enfants. Des travaux montre combien une AP bien spécifique peut ou non participer au développement des FE des enfants. Toutefois, aucune étude ne s'est intéressée à comment l'AP globale (i.e., AP sportive, AP de loisir, AP de la vie quotidienne) des enfant peut participer au développement de leurs fonctions exécutives. Des études interventionnelles basées sur l'augmentation de pratique d'AP à l'école ont montré des effets bénéfiques de l'AP sur les performances académiques, l'attention et la motivation à travailler. Toutefois, ce type d'intervention ne s'est pas intéressé au lien entre l'AP et le développement des FE. Ce projet de thèse se propose (1) d'étudier le lien entre l'AP globale des enfants au quotidien et le développement de leurs fonctions exécutives ; (2) de construire, mener et évaluer une intervention d'AP en classe pour favoriser le développement des FE des élèves et (3) Déterminer si les FE peuvent constituer un processus explicatif du lien existant entre l'AP et les performances académiques. Pour se faire, ce projet de thèse sera articulé autour de deux études : Etude 1 : Etude transversale du lien entre AP globale et niveau des FE d'enfants Cette étude se fera sur un échantillon de 160 enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans. Nous mesurerons la pratique d'AP des enfants via un questionnaire d'AP et le niveau des FE via des outils psychologiques validés et normés. Etude 2 : Etude longitudinale interventionnelle du lien entre l'AP pratiquée en classe et le développement des FE d'enfants Cette étude se fera sur un échantillon de 100 enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans. De ces 100 enfants, 50 bénéficieront d'une intervention d'AP dans le but de favoriser le développement des FE. Cette intervention consiste à l'inclusion de « pauses en mouvement » en classe toutes les 40 minutes d'enseignement. Nous mesurerons la pratique d'AP des enfants via un questionnaire d'AP, le niveau académique via la moyenne annuelle scolaire des enfants et le niveau des FE via des outils psychologiques validés et normés
Executive functions (EF) are cognitive functions that allow us to adapt ourselves to our environment. These functions, essential for our evolution, appear as less efficient in nowadays children than in children from past generations. Therefore, it is important to question us about factors that allow EF development to intervene in favor of their develpment. Physical activity (PA) can have an effect on EF development among children. Studies show how very specific PA can or cannot participate to EF developement among children. However, none study has been interested in how children global PA (i.e., sport, leisure time PA, every day life PA)can participate at their EF development. Interventional studies based on school PA practice show beneficial effect of PA on academic performance, attention and work motivation. However, such interventions haven't been interested in PE - EF development link. This thesis project suggests (1) to study the link between global children dayly PA and the development of their EF; (2) To make, lead and evaluate a PA intervention in class to foster pupils EF development and (3) To determine if EF can constitute an explicative process of the known link between level of PA and academic performance. To be made, this thesis project will be conducted around two sudies : Study 1 :transverse Study of the link between global PA and children's EF level This study will be made on a sample of 160 children from 8 to 11 years old. We shall measure the children PA practice via a PA questionnaire and the EF level via validated and standardized psychological tools. Study 2 : Interventional longitudinal Study of the link between PA practice in class and the children EF development. This study will be made on a sample of 100 children from 8 to 11 years old. Among these 100 children, 50 will benefit of our PA intervention aimed to foster EF development. This intervention consists in the inclusion of 'breaks of movement' in class every 40 minutes of education. We shall measure the children PA practice via a PA questionnaire, the academic level via the children annual school average and the EF level via validated and standardized psychological tools

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Simba, Michael S. N., and Beryl Delight Yengo. "Exploring Perceived Stigmatization of People with Bipolar Disorder to deepen the knowledge For Glocal Social Work Practice by means of An Interview and Literature Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33367.

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The aim of the research was to explore perceived stigmatization of People with Bipolar Disorder to deepen the knowledge for Glocal Social Work Practice by means of an Interview and Literature Study. The data of the research was gathered from the perspective of people with bipolar diagnosis and a peer within the field, about whether stigma is experienced by people with bipolar disorder and how their resilience factors i.e. strength factors can be supported and enhanced. A qualitative study was conducted with the purpose of expanding the evidence-based knowledge base by exploring how people with bipolar disorder with resilience experienced stigmatization, and the factors that supported their resilience versus inhibited their resilience in their adversity. The research results were analyzed through literature reviews and interviews to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena. The findings indicated that stigma was experienced by the people with bipolar disorder, and was experienced as affecting recovery negatively, creating reluctance to seek help and adding more stress factors. It was mentioned that a healthy social network for support (spouses, relatives, friends andprofessionals) i.e. inclusion along with an active lifestyle, defined goals in life andpurpose, spirituality, nature, faith and hope for a better tomorrow assisted in building and cementing resilience. The findings also indicated that education and anti-stigmainterventions helped in establishing better attitudes revolving around mental illness, especially interventions with personal encounters with people with mental illness.

Godkända - Studie resultat: D

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Yengo, Beryl Delight, and Michael Swarne Noble Simba. "Exploring Perceived Stigmatization of People with Bipolar Disorder to deepen the knowledge For Glocal Social Work Practice by means of an Interview and Literature Study." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33144.

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The aim of the research was to explore perceived stigmatization of People with Bipolar Disorder to deepen the knowledge for Glocal Social Work Practice by means of an Interview and Literature Study. The data of the research was gathered from the perspective of people with bipolar diagnosis and a peer within the field, about whether stigma is experienced by people with bipolar disorder and how their resilience factors i.e. strength factors can be supported and enhanced. A qualitative study was conducted with the purpose of expanding the evidence-based knowledge base by exploring how people with bipolar disorder with resilience experienced stigmatization, and the factors that supported their resilience versus inhibited their resilience in their adversity. The research results were analyzed through literature reviews and interviews to gain an in-depth knowledge of the phenomena. The findings indicated that stigma was experienced by the people with bipolar disorder, and was experienced as affecting recovery negatively, creating reluctance to seek help and adding more stress factors. It was mentioned that a healthy social network for support (spouses, relatives, friends andprofessionals) i.e. inclusion along with an active lifestyle, defined goals in life andpurpose, spirituality, nature, faith and hope for a better tomorrow assisted in building and cementing resilience. The findings also indicated that education and anti-stigmainterventions helped in establishing better attitudes revolving around mental illness, especially interventions with personal encounters with people with mental illness.

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Riaux, Jeanne. "RÈGLES DE L'ÉTAT – RÈGLES DE LA COMMUNAUTÉ : UNE GOUVERNANCE LOCALE DE L'EAU. ANTHROPOLOGIE COMPARÉE DE DEUX SYSTÈMES D'IRRIGATION ANCIENS EN CONTEXTE D'INTERVENTION PUBLIQUE : VALLÉE DES AÏT BOU GUEMEZ (HAUT ATLAS - MAROC), PLAINE DE VINÇA (PYRÉNÉES - FRANCE)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420606.

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Cette étude vise à décomposer les mécanismes de régulation collective de l'irrigation, en contexte d'intervention publique. Dans une perspective diachronique, l'approche comparée de deux communautés d'irrigants anciennement organisées met en lumière le caractère dynamique des règles de gestion de l'eau. En contexte d'inadéquation de l'offre et de la demande, les règles communautaires organisent une
répartition équitable de la pénurie d'eau. Mais, bien que constamment renouvelées, les règles d'usage échouent à satisfaire les besoins en eau croissants des irrigants et ne sont plus respectées. L'autorité publique est sollicitée pour faire appliquer les règles communautaires. Les États proposent des solutions techniques conditionnées par l'application des lois nationales. Le couple notables / agents de l'administration a un rôle central dans la mise en oeuvre d'une gouvernance locale de l'eau, mode de régulation qui articule les règles nationales et les règles communautaires.

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Ndiaye, Mamadou. "Utilisation de l'approche de la déviance positive pour améliorer l'impact d'un programme de supplémentation en fer-folate des femmes enceintes au Sénégal." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17216.

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Veillette-Bourbeau, Ludivine. "Analyse de l'implantation d'une innovation en prévention du VIH: le dépistage rapide en milieu communautaire gai." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9854.

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Une équipe multidisciplinaire et intersectorielle a implanté en 2009 une recherche-intervention novatrice : Spot, un service de dépistage rapide du VIH en milieu communautaire offert aux hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes de Montréal. Une étude de cas a été menée afin de décrire le processus d’implantation de Spot et les facteurs contextuels qui l’ont affecté. L’analyse par théorisation ancrée des entrevues, l’observation participante et l’analyse documentaire ont permis d’identifier un processus d’implantation dynamique en plusieurs phases. Elles sont modulées par des facteurs liés aux motivations des acteurs à s’engager dans le projet, à la complexité des dynamiques partenariales et aux défis de la coordination en contexte d’équipe multidisciplinaire et intersectorielle et à d’autres facteurs ayant affecté l’organisation de l’équipe terrain et leurs pratiques au quotidien. Des motivations telles l’occasion unique de contribuer à la mise en place d’un projet de prévention novateur et pertinent, ont eu une influence favorable constante, ralliant les acteurs autour du projet et maintenant leur implication malgré les difficultés rencontrées. Sur le plan des dynamiques partenariales, une définition floue des rôles et tâches a ralenti l’implantation du projet, alors qu’une fois clarifiée, chacun a pu se sentir légitime et participer activement à la réussite de l’implantation. Des difficultés à la coordination du projet, entre autres concernant la gestion des fonds interinstitutionnels, sont un facteur ayant ralenti le processus d’implantation. Cette étude a permis de tirer des leçons sur l’implantation et la pérennisation d’un service de dépistage rapide du VIH en milieu communautaire gai.
In 2009, a multidisciplinary and intersectoral team implemented an innovative research-intervention project: Spot, a community-based rapid HIV testing service for men who have sex with men in Montreal. A case study was undertaken to describe the implementation process of Spot and the contextual factors that affected it. Grounded theory analysis of interviews, participant-observer, and a document analysis allowed the identification of a multistage dynamic implementation process. These stages were influenced by stakeholders’ motivations, the complexity of partnership dynamics, the challenges surrounding coordination and organization of staff members, as well as factors influencing staff members’ daily practices. Motivations like the unique opportunity to contribute to the implementation of an innovative and relevant prevention project, had a constant and positive influence, which united stakeholders in the project and maintained their involvement despite the difficulties. In terms of partnership dynamics, vague definitions of roles and tasks delayed the implementation of the project, although once clarified, everyone felt legitimate and actively participated in the success of the implantation. The management of interinstitutional funds was mentioned as one of the difficulties of coordinating the project and a factor that caused delays in the implementation process. This study allowed learning about the implementation and sustainability of a gay community-based rapid HIV testing service.

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Koné, Christèle Coumba. "Relations interculturelles et radios communautaires de la francophonie : production-intervention." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2725/1/M9380.pdf.

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Les Rencontres Internationales des Radios de l'Aire Francophone (RIRAF) réunissent chaque année, des centaines d'acteurs provenant de la Francophonie qui oeuvrent dans le domaine de la radio communautaire. Cette rencontre est un lieu d'échange et de réflexion sur l'appropriation par la communication des préoccupations de la société civile. Elle permet aussi de développer des projets de coopération radiophonique. Cette année, elle s'est tenue à Bamako au Mali, du 10 au 17 juin 2004 et le thème retenu s'intitulait: Droits Humains des Femmes et des Enfants. La rencontre de Bamako avait ceci de particulier qu'elle était organisée par Radio Guintan. Cette radio fait partie de la jonction Voix des femmes qui regroupe huit radios au Mali avec comme mandat la défense des droits humains des femmes et des enfants. Le thème retenu cette année était donc intimement lié avec les objectifs du comité local d'organisation. Dans le cadre de cette rencontre, j'ai effectué un stage de 4 mois à titre de coordonnatrice des activités. Le comité d'organisation m'a aussi mandaté pour émettre le rapport d'activités qui est actuellement diffusée sur le site Internet de la RIRAF (www.riraf.org). Ce stage a été supervisé par l'organisme le Micro Voyageur. Cet organisme coordonne diverses activités dans la Francophonie. Cette expérience m'a permis de découvrir que la coordination d'un évènement international demande beaucoup d'organisation et qu'il est important de prendre en considération la provenance des délégués car ils ont bien souvent des valeurs, des croyances, des manières de penser et d'agir qui sont différentes. Sa réussite réside donc dans la compréhension mutuelle des membres qui composent le groupe. Mes observations m'ont démontré que malgré le fait que cette rencontre annuelle s'inscrive dans le cadre de la Francophonie, l'usage de la langue commune ne suffit pas pour que les individus se comprennent. Il est important de prendre en compte la diversité culturelle et de ce qu'elle implique afin de la gérer efficacement. La reconnaissance de la diversité dans ce cas-ci passait d'abord par la reconnaissance de la diversité linguistique. En intégrant et en observant une équipe de travail interculturelle dans un contexte international, il est possible de comprendre (surtout si l'on a déjà vécu l'interculturalité de très près) comment les relations entre les individus traduisent leurs intérêts personnels et à quel point ces relations peuvent être liées aux relations historiques, économiques ou culturelles que les pays entretiennent entre eux. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Communautaire, Francophonie, Interculturel, International, Radio.

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Nolet, Anne-Marie. "L'alliance thérapeutique et le sentiment d'impuissance de l'aidant : l'expérience des intervenants en centre jeunesse et en milieu communautaire." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10670.

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Cette étude vise à comprendre la place du sentiment d’impuissance de l’intervenant dans l’établissement d’une alliance thérapeutique. La perception des intervenants à l’égard du sentiment d’impuissance et les conséquences possibles qu’ils lui reconnaissent sont analysées. Par les moyens développés par les intervenants pour contrer ce sentiment d’impuissance, des pistes de solutions sont proposées. Par une méthodologie qualitative, vingt-cinq entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées dans le cadre de la recherche «L’identification des interventions qui permettent de bâtir une alliance thérapeutique avec les jeunes contrevenants : un enjeu de première importance» du professeur Louis-Georges Cournoyer de l’École de criminologie de l’Université de Montréal. Elles constituent les données principales de la présente étude. Un groupe de discussion, réalisé en milieu communautaire, a permis de les compléter. Les ruptures d’alliance thérapeutique constituent un contexte favorable au développement du sentiment d’impuissance de l’intervenant, conditionnellement au soutien de l’équipe et à la perception qu’à l’intervenant de son rôle et de son contrôle. Le sentiment d’impuissance peut mener à une remise en question positive. Toutefois, il peut aussi être à l’origine du développement de l’impuissance apprise, qui se traduit par les déficits cognitif, motivationnel et affectif. Parmi les autres conséquences du sentiment d’impuissance, une lutte s’exprime par l’évitement, l’expression de la colère et le contrôle, qui ne sont pas souhaitables en contexte d’intervention. En misant sur le soutien de l’équipe ainsi que sur la perception des intervenants à l’égard de leur rôle et de leur contrôle, il est possible de prévenir et de contrer le sentiment d’impuissance.
This study aims at understanding feelings of powerlessness of the helper and its place in the development of the therapeutic alliance with youths. The workers perceptions about the feeling of powerlessness and the possible consequences it has on their practice are analyzed. A number of solutions are proposed, based on strategies developed by workers. With a qualitative methodology, the twenty-five interviews from the research «Alliance building interventions with youth offenders», conducted by Louis-Georges Cournoyer, professor at the University of Montreal’s School of Criminology, are used. In order to complete this data, a focus group was held with community workers. The therapeutic alliance ruptures, who is mediated by team’s support and worker’s self-perceived role and control, can engender the feeling of powerlesness. This feeling might lead to a positive self-questioning. However, it might also lead to the development of learned helplessness, which manifest itself by cognitive, motivational and affective deficits. Among the other consequences of the feeling of powerlesness, is a struggle that is expressed by withdrawal, anger and control, whom are not suitable in an intervention context. By focusing on the team’s support and on the self-perceived role and control of the worker, it is possible to prevent and counter the feeling of powerlessness.

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Trudel, Bellefeuille Janie. "Le rôle de l'État bolivien face à l'impact de la justice communautaire sur les femmes campesinas." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4153/1/M12184.pdf.

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La Bolivie a élu, en 2005, le premier président autochtone de la région, Evo Morales du parti du Movimiento al Socialismo. Depuis son élection, le MAS s'affaire à réformer les institutions étatiques qu'il qualifie de colonialistes, racistes et néolibérales, ayant contribué à l'exclusion de la majorité autochtone du pays. En 2009, la population bolivienne approuve, par référendum, la Nouvelle Constitution Politique de l'État qui se veut refondatrice de la société bolivienne. La Nouvelle Constitution accorde plusieurs droits aux autochtones, dont le droit à l'autodétermination. Elle octroie aux communautés autochtones, originaires et rurales une autonomie gouvernementale et territoriale incluant le droit à leurs propres systèmes politique, économique et juridique, confirmant l'égale dignité entre les systèmes autochtone et étatique. La Nouvelle Constitution garantit aussi les droits fondamentaux des individus. Les groupes de femmes se sont mobilisés afin de s'assurer que le texte constitutionnel est une transversale de genre qui inclut le droit à l'égalité et à la non-discrimination dans l'exercice des droits, ainsi que plusieurs droits individuels spécifiques pour les femmes. Ce mémoire prend l'exemple de la justice communautaire, afin de démontrer que les droits des femmes autochtones et rurales ne sont pas respectés dans les juridictions autochtones. En effet, elles ne peuvent exercer pleinement leur droit à la participation politique, à la propriété sur la terre et elles vivent de la violence familiale et conjugale. Les normes et pratiques des communautés autochtones et rurales sont discriminatoires envers les femmes et les maintiennent dans une position d'infériorité. Nous étudions donc le dilemme entre le respect des droits individuels des femmes autochtones et rurales et le respect du droit des communautés à l'autodétermination. L'État bolivien a contracté des obligations internationales envers le respect des droits fondamentaux. Toutefois, se qualifiant d'État autochtone, il lui est difficile d'intervenir dans les communautés afin de s'assurer du respect des droits humains. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Bolivie, pluralisme juridique, justice communautaire, droit des femmes autochtones

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Leal, Daniel Alexandre da Fonseca. "Intervenção em contexto pré-escolar com base no modelo Activity-Based Intervention : um estudo piloto." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21062.

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O presente estudo centra-se na divulgação de um modelo recente no âmbito da práticas recomendadas na atualidade para a intervenção precoce, nomeadamente a intervenção em contextos naturais com base no modelo ABI (Activity Based Intervention). Teve como objetivos principais verificar a adesão de alguns estabelecimentos do pré-escolar a este modelo de intervenção, analisar a sua aplicabilidade e efeitos, de acordo com as percepções dos administradores dos respetivos estabelecimentos e dos educadores que participaram na implementação do mesmo. Procurou-se ainda verificar quais as evoluções nas crianças com ou sem Necessidades Educativas Especiais que participaram na intervenção realizada com base no ABI, implementado na sala de aula pelos educadores e adequado especificamente a cada criança. Para proceder à implementação do programa foi necessária formação prévia dos educadores, realizada com base num Workshop que incluiu apresentação do modelo ABI aos educadores, no qual foram referidos quais os seus fundamentos, objetivos e formas de aplicação. Ao longo do processo de implementação do programa que durou 7 semanas, os educadores tiveram acompanhamento regular e próximo por parte do investigador. Participaram no estudo 3 crianças, em que uma delas apresentava Atraso de Desenvolvimento sem etiologia conhecida na área da linguagem e comunicação bem como uma Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção e as restantes crianças sem qualquer diagnóstico, mas referenciadas pelos educadores por apresentarem problemas de comportamento. Os participantes foram avaliados pré e pós a implementação do programa (utilizando a AEPS - Assessment, Evaluation and Programming System) e foram realizadas entrevistas individualizadas aos educadores e diretores das escolas, os quais apresentaram níveis elevados de satisfação com o programa e manifestam interesse na sua posterior aplicação, num próximo ano letivo. Os resultados observados nas 3 crianças, embora bastante variados, evidenciam uma progressão positiva nos vários domínios e objetivos incluídos no programa definido para cada um, embora tais efeitos não possam ser atribuídos exclusivamente ao modelo implementado, na ausência de contrastes. De ressaltar a facilidade de implementação deste modelo de intervenção, referida pelos educadores e sua utilidade na promoção de oportunidades de aprendizagem significativas e funcionais enquadradas num paradigma verdadeiramente inclusivo.
The present study focuses on the dissemination of a recent model within the framework of current best practices for early intervention, namely intervention in natural contexts in the pre-school context based on the ABI (Activity Based Intervention) model. The main objectives were to verify the adherence of some preschool establishments to this intervention model, to analyze its applicability and effects, according to the perceptions of the administrators of the establishments and the educators who participated in it’s implementation. He also aimed to verify the developmental progress of the children with or without Special Educational Needs who participated in the intervention carried out and based on the ABI, implemented in the classroom by educators and adapted specifically to each child. In order to implement the program, previous training of educators was necessary, based on a Workshop that included presentation of the ABI model to the educators, in which were stated its fundamentals, objectives and implementation strategies. Throughout the program implementation process, the educators were regularly and closely monitored by the researcher. Three children participated in the study, one had Developmental Delay with no known etiology in the area of language and communication as well as an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the remaining children without any diagnosis, but referenced by the educators because they presented behavioral problems . Participants were assessed before and after the implementation of the program (using the AEPS - Evaluation and Programming System) and individual interviews were conducted with educators and school principals who showed high levels of satisfaction with the program and expressed an interest in it’s implementation next school year. The results observed in the three children, although quite varied, showed a positive developmental progression in the various domains, more evident in the specif objetives defined for each child. However such effects can not be attributed exclusively to the implemented model, in the absence of contrasts. Of note is the ease of implementation of this model of intervention, referred to by educators and their usefulness in promoting meaningful and functional learning opportunities framed whitin a truly inclusive paradigm.

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Chou, Mei-Jan, and 周美珍. "Community-base Health Promotion Intervention Program for Diabetics Case with Physical Measurement and Quality of life." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27316727999330973366.

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碩士
國立台北護理學院
護理研究所
94
Aims: The objective of this study was to conduct a diabetic health improving program (DHIP) in the community and evaluated participants’ physical data and quality of life for the consideration of developing a practical diabetic healthcare guideline. Methods: Our study subjects were recruited from the “Sugar, blood pressure and lipid screening 2004” database of Shilin district health center in Taipei city. The eligible criteria were diabetics aged 40 years old and over and lived in Shilin district. The untreated control group design with pretest and posttest was used. We collected participants’ quality of life and their physical data. Participants enrolled in the “intervention group” would receive four times of DHIP courses, three times of phone follows and two times of diabetic fellowship activities which was directed by professionals and supported by the same generation to improve their self-care ability. The “non-intervention group” was participants who did not fully attend the DHIP courses and would not receive any follow-up or consulting services. Two groups were compared to each other after three months. We used demographic analysis, frequencies, means, percentages, descriptives, independent t-test and paired t-test by SPSS version 12.0. Result: There were 24 participants enrolled in the intervention group and 11 participants in the non-intervention group. After intervention, the physical data of intervention group were better than non-intervention group (p<0.05). The same result was also found on their quality of life score (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the progression of physical data and quality of life of diabetics, the DHIP seemed to be an effective and feasible health promoting program of diabetics in the community.

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Goulet, Nathalie. "Les compétences professionnelles attendues des intervenants socio-éducatifs oeuvrant auprès des jeunes enfants (naissance - 5 ans) et de leur famille, vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4614/1/D2259.pdf.

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Cette recherche vise à définir les compétences professionnelles attendues des intervenants socio-éducatifs de première ligne, œuvrant auprès des jeunes enfants (de la naissance à 5 ans) et de leur famille, vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité. Elle a comme objectif de vérifier, pour le réseau des centres locaux de services communautaire [CLSC] et pour celui des organismes communautaires [OC], les attentes des intervenants eux-mêmes ainsi que celles des parents desservis par ces réseaux. La recherche veut aussi vérifier les similitudes et les différences entre les attentes des répondants selon leur réseau d'appartenance, de même que vérifier s'il existe des compétences spécifiques à l'intervention en contexte de vulnérabilité. Le premier chapitre débute par un historique de l'intervention socio-éducative précoce [ISÉP]. Il présente ensuite l'évolution des orientations et des mandats de l'ISÉP, ainsi que les services actuellement offerts par les CLSC et les OC au Québec. La problématique se termine par la présentation des divers types d'intervenants œuvrant en ISÉP dans le réseau de la santé et des services sociaux, ainsi que par un regard critique posé sur leur préparation à remplir adéquatement leur rôle, compte tenu des mandats qui leurs sont dévolus. Le deuxième chapitre présente le cadre théorique sur lequel la recherche s'appuie. Après avoir abordé la nature éducative de l'intervention, la notion de compétence est introduite par la présentation du contexte de son émergence, pour être ensuite définie et conceptualisée. Le cadre théorique se termine par une recension d'écrits portant sur les compétences professionnelles attendues des intervenants socio-éducatifs. Le troisième chapitre traite des aspects méthodologiques de la recherche. La population à l'étude y est présentée, ainsi que les instruments utilisés, le processus de collecte des données et les techniques d'analyse retenues. Notons que, pour répondre aux objectifs de la recherche, un premier questionnaire d'enquête a été distribué, dans chacune des régions du Québec, auprès d'intervenants socio-éducatifs du réseau institutionnel (CLSC), puis du réseau communautaire. Un second questionnaire, destiné aux parents bénéficiant d'une mesure d'ISÉP, a été distribué de la même façon. Finalement, les quatrième et cinquième chapitres portent sur la présentation, l'analyse et la discussion des résultats de la recherche. Lorsque questionnés sur les compétences professionnelles qu'ils devraient détenir pour intervenir auprès des jeunes enfants et des familles en contexte de vulnérabilité, les intervenants des deux réseaux identifient un vaste éventail de compétences liées au développement professionnel, à l'intervention, ainsi qu'à la nécessité de tenir compte de l'environnement familial. Les intervenants des deux réseaux jugent prioritaires les compétences liées au développement professionnel, comme la mise à jour des connaissances ou la formation continue. Les intervenants des CLSC se distinguent par l'importance qu'ils accordent aux attitudes envers la famille et les autres partenaires impliqués, alors que ceux des OC priorisent le soutien apporté aux familles dans l'établissement d'un projet éducatif à long terme. Pour ce qui est des composantes des compétences, les intervenants des deux réseaux jugent qu'ils doivent posséder un ensemble varié de connaissances, d'habiletés, d'attitudes et de processus cognitifs pour pouvoir intervenir adéquatement. Cependant, seules des attitudes comme l'écoute, l'empathie et l'ouverture sont jugées essentielles pour l'intervention spécifique auprès des familles vulnérables. Pour certains items du questionnaire, les résultats varient en fonction du niveau de scolarité des intervenants et selon leur expérience. Les attentes des parents, qu'ils soient desservis par les CLSC ou les OC, sont similaires. D'une part, ils s'attendent à ce que l'intervenant possède des habiletés pour soutenir les différents domaines de développement de leur enfant (physique, cognitif, langagier, social, affectif), d'autre part, leurs attentes les plus élevées concernent les attitudes des intervenants envers leur enfant et envers eux-mêmes. Comme pour les intervenants, les résultats à certains items du questionnaire varient selon les caractéristiques des répondants (revenu familial, scolarité de la mère et âge de l'enfant). Le constat général de cette recherche est donc que les compétences professionnelles attendues des intervenants socio-éducatifs sont nombreuses, variées et font appel à une multitude de ressources. Certaines spécificités ont été observées selon le réseau d'appartenance (CLSC ou OC), mais les attentes sont globalement similaires, malgré les mandats différents des deux groupes d'intervenants. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Intervention socio-éducative précoce, compétences, intervenant, services intégrés, SIPPE, centres locaux de services communautaires, organisme communautaire, parents

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Filiatrault, Johanne. "Confiance en son équilibre et équilibre perçu chez les aînés : conceptualisation, mesure et impact d'un programme communautaire de prévention des chutes." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18218.

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Baridon, Anaïs. "L'intervention en contexte de réduction des méfaits et consommation de drogue : ethnographie des négociations morales des intervenantes d'un organisme communautaire." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21238.

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Boatswain-Kyte, Alicia. "Overrepresentation and disparity of Black children reported under the child protection system : the need for effective cross-system collaborations." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21784.

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Domingues, Sara Mariana Vieira Ferreira. "As abordagens preventivas aos comportamentos desviantes : o caso de uma intervenção de base territorial." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18069.

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A presente dissertação surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Serviço Social – vertente de Acompanhamento Social e Inserção, da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas da Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Neste sentido, o presente processo de investigação visa aprofundar as questões relacionadas com os problemas de comportamento dos jovens e ainda, perceber como é que uma intervenção de carácter territorial se poderá revelar como um agente de prevenção dos comportamentos desviantes. O território alvo da pesquisa é o projeto EscolhasVa, que faz parte do programa ESCOLHAS, vocacionado para a inclusão social e escolar de crianças e jovens, localizado no Vale da Amoreira, concelho da Moita. Trata-se de um projeto local que intervêm de à luz dos princípios de intervenção territorializada e em simultâneo, com a lógica de acompanhamento social presente diariamente no acompanhamento que dá aos jovens. O processo de investigação é orientado de acordo com estratégia abdutiva, pelo que se privilegiam sentimentos, perspetivas e motivações dos atores sociais e jovens alvo da intervenção do projeto. Quanto à análise dos dados recolhidos nas vinte entrevistas realizadas e ainda, nas três narrativas dos jovens optar-se-á pelas técnicas de análise de conteúdo.
This work comes under the Master in Social Work - part of Social Support and Integration, Faculty of Humanities of the Catholic University. In this sense, this research process seeks to explore the issues related to youth behavior problems and also understand how a territorial nature of intervention could prove as an agent for the prevention of delinquency. The target area of research is the EscolhasVa project, which is part of the ESCOLHAS program, designed for social and educational inclusion of children and young people, located in the Vale da Amoreira, Moita county. This is a local project involved in the light of territorialized intervention principles and simultaneously with the logic of social monitoring this daily monitoring that gives young people. The investigation process is oriented according to abductive strategy, and it is privilege feelings, perspectives and motivations of social actors and young target of the project intervention. The analysis of data collected in the twenty interviews and even, in the three narratives of young people will be opting for the content analysis techniques.

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Huot, Nicole. "Représentations du suicide chez des intervenants œuvrant dans des centres de crise communautaires." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22258.

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Fénélon-Dimanche, Rébecca. "Développement d’un outil électronique d’aide à la prise en charge des patients non adhérents aux médicaments à usage chronique adapté aux besoins des pharmaciens communautaires." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23999.

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Les pharmaciens communautaires ont accès en tout temps aux informations concernant les renouvellements d’ordonnance et ont une interaction fréquente avec les patients. Ils sont donc les professionnels de la santé les mieux placés pour intervenir auprès des patients non adhérents à leurs médicaments. Il serait donc pertinent de développer un outil électronique d’aide à la prise en charge des patients non adhérents aux médicaments à usage chronique (e-AdPharm) adapté aux besoins des pharmaciens. Pour ce faire, ce projet a été mené selon un devis mixte. Dans un premier temps, un sondage a été acheminé aux pharmaciens communautaires du Québec afin d’obtenir un portrait global de leur pratique concernant la mesure de l’adhésion et des interventions réalisées auprès des patients pour optimiser l’adhésion. Les résultats du sondage nous indiquent que la méthode la plus utilisée pour identifier les patients non adhérents est le nombre de jours de retard entre les renouvellements, alors que les principales barrières rencontrées pour mesurer l’adhésion sont le manque de temps et le manque d’information sur les ordonnances. La principale intervention réalisée auprès des patients non adhérents est le conseil verbal et les principales barrières pour intervenir sont la réaction négative du patient et le manque de temps. Dans un deuxième temps, quatre groupes de discussion ont été organisés afin de questionner les pharmaciens communautaires sur le développement d’un prototype d’outil électronique pour la prise en charge de l’adhésion. Les pharmaciens souhaitent que l’adhésion soit mesurée sous forme de pourcentage et présentée dans un tableau utilisant un code de couleurs déterminé selon le niveau d’adhésion. Ils ont aussi manifesté un grand intérêt pour l’ajout d’une section permettant le suivi de l’adhésion, incluant un horizon temporel des interventions réalisées et à faire et les causes de la non-adhésion.
Community pharmacists have direct access at all times to prescription refills information and have regular interactions with their patients. Therefore, they are in a unique position to promote optimal medication use. It would therefore be relevant to develop an electronic tool adapted to pharmacists’ needs (e-AdPharm) to provide medication adherence support to patients treated for chronic diseases. This project was conducted according to a mixed study design. First, an invitation to complete a web-based survey was published online through different platforms to describe how community pharmacists in Quebec identify non-adherent patients, monitor medication use, and promote optimal medication adherence. The survey results show that the most common method to identify non-adherent patients was to check gaps between prescription refills whereas the most common barriers to identifying non-adherent patients were lack of time and lack of prescriptions and refills information. The most common intervention to promote adherence was patients’ counselling whereas the most common barriers to intervene were anticipation of a negative reaction from patients and lack of time. Second, four focus groups were organized to design a prototype of an electronic tool adapted to community pharmacists’ needs to provide medication adherence support to patients. Pharmacists wanted a table displaying medication adherence measures for chronic conditions with a color code representing adherence level. They also stressed the importance to have a structured section enabling them to continuously document the interventions made, needs for patients’ follow-ups and non-adherence causes.

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Garcia, Rita Valente. "Diagnóstico dos fatores psicossociais numa empresa do setor da aviação: O modelo JDR como base teórica." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20475.

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O presente projeto pretendeu não só conhecer os fatores psicossociais (de risco e protetores) a que estão sujeitos os técnicos de Técnicos de Tráfego e Assistência em Escala (TTAEs) das áreas de passageiros e placa de uma empresa do setor da aviação, como ainda elaborar uma proposta de intervenção para a prevenção do Burnout e promoção do Engagement. Para tal, utilizou-se, como base teórica, o Modelo das Exigências e Recursos (JDR). O diagnóstico qualitativo incluiu análise documental, observação aos postos de trabalho e quinze entrevistas semiestruturadas com o intuito de identificar os fatores psicossociais mais críticos do trabalho, para os grupos em estudo. Posteriormente, o diagnóstico quantitativo consistiu na aplicação de um inventário aos TTAEs de passageiros (N=115) e outro aos TTAEs de placa (N=37) para identificação dos perigos psicossociais e fatores protetores. Realizaram-se ainda, correlações e regressões para compreender a relação entre os fatores psicossociais do trabalho e as consequências do mesmo, especialmente com o nível de Engagement e Burnout. Após a triangulação dos resultados, foram identificados os riscos psicossociais e priorizados para intervenção. Alguns dos riscos psicossociais mais críticos foram as exigências Pressão de tempo, Conflito trabalho/família, Quantitativas, Emocionais e a Tomada de Decisões Difíceis e os recursos Apoio Social dos Superiores e Reconhecimento. Exclusivamente para os TTAEs de passageiros as exigências para Esconder Emoções, Burocracia, Atenção e a Incivilidade, bem como o recurso Previsibilidade são riscos prioritários. Adotou-se uma abordagem multinível para o plano de intervenções, do qual constituem iniciativas quer para reduzir os riscos psicossociais, quer para promover os recursos do trabalho.
The project aimed not only to assess the psychosocial work factors (risks and protective factors) of Passenger Agents and Ramp Agents working in the aviation sector but also to develop an intervention plan to reduce Work Burnout and promote Work Engagement. For this purpose, the project uses Job Demands-Resources Model (JDR) as its theoretical framework. The qualitative assessment included document analysis, observation, and fifteen semi-structured interviews in order to identify the most critical psychosocial factors of work for the groups in the study. Subsequently, the quantitative assessment consisted of applying one inventory for Passenger Agents (N=115) and another for Ramp Agents (N=37) to identify the psychosocial hazards and protective factors. Also, correlations and regressions were performed to understand the relationship between the psychosocial factors of work and its consequences, especially with the level of Engagement and Burnout. After all, the psychosocial risks were identified and prioritized for intervention. Some of the most critical psychosocial risks were demands such as Time Pressure, Work/Family Conflict, Quantitative, Emotional, difficulties in Decision Making, and the lack of two resources Superior’s Social Support and Recognition. Exclusively for Passenger Agents, demands such as Hiding Emotions, Bureaucracy, Attention, and Incivility, as well as the resource predictability are priority risks. Finally, concerning the intervention plan, the project adopted a multilevel approach meaning it recommends initiatives to reduce psychosocial risks and others to promote work resources.

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Carvalho, Ana Sofia Marques. "Medidas promotoras de uma alimentação de base vegetal em contexto universitário: grau de apoio e seus preditores." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21112.

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Os atuais padrões de consumo alimentar nas sociedades ocidentais industrializadas, caracterizados pelo consumo insuficiente de produtos vegetais e excessivo de produtos animais, têm levantado preocupações no âmbito da saúde, bem-estar animal e sustentabilidade ambiental. Para ativar transições alimentares mais saudáveis e sustentáveis, será necessário implementar medidas para redução do consumo de carne e aumento do consumo de alimentos de base vegetal. O presente estudo visou avaliar o apoio a medidas promotoras de uma alimentação de maior base vegetal e explorar o papel de variáveis sociodemográficas, de consumo, ideológicas e disposicionais enquanto preditores desse apoio. Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionários online, tendo-se obtido uma amostra de 295 estudantes universitários. Os resultados revelaram que o apoio às medidas para aumento de refeições de base vegetal é superior ao das medidas para redução de refeições com carne e que os participantes tendem a concordar com as medidas de incentivo, mas discordar em parte das medidas de restrição. Verificaram-se associações entre: apoio a medidas gerais e variáveis sociodemográficas (género), de consumo (dependência da carne, crenças morais e atitudes) e ideológicas (ideologia pró-ambiental); apoio a medidas de incentivo e variáveis sociodemográficas (género), de consumo (dependência da carne, crenças morais, justificações e atitudes), ideológicas (ideologia pró-ambiental) e disposicionais (consideração de consequências futuras e orientação promocional); apoio a medidas de restrição e variáveis sociodemográficas (idade) e de consumo (dependência da carne e atitudes). Espera-se que os resultados ajudem a informar o planeamento de intervenções promotoras de uma alimentação de maior base vegetal em contextos universitários.
Current food consumption patterns in Western industrial societies, characterized by insufficient consumption of plant-based products and excessive consumption of animal products, have raised concerns within the scope of health, animal welfare and environmental sustainability. To activate transitions to healthier and more sustainable diets, it will be necessary to implement measures that promote the reduction of meat consumption and the increase of plant-based products. The present study aimed to assess the support for measures that promote a higher plant-based diet and to explore the role of sociodemographic, consumption, ideological and dispositional variables as predictors of this support. The data were collected through an online questionnaire, with a final sample of 295 university students. The results revealed that the support for measures to increase the consumption of plant-based meals is higher than for measures to reduce the consumption of meat meals and that the participants tend to agree with incentive measures, but partly disagree with restriction measures. Associations were found between: support for general measures and sociodemographic (gender), consumption (dependence towards meat, moral beliefs and attitudes) and ideological variables (pro-environmental ideology); support for incentive measures and sociodemographic (gender), consumption (dependence towards meat, moral beliefs, justifications and attitudes), ideological (pro-environmental ideology) and dispositional variables (consideration of future consequences and promotional orientation); support for restriction measures and sociodemographic (age) and consumption variables (dependence towards meat and attitudes). Results can help to inform the planning of interventions that promote higher plant-based diets in university settings.

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Tesařová, Zuzana. "Posturální stabilita dětí školního věku." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348595.

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Title: Postural stability of school age children Objectives: The purpose of this work is description of selected postural stability parameters of school age children population and evaluation of sensomotoric stimulation and ball excercises effect on the postural stability. Methods: This work is a descriptive work with included intervention. During the study, four groups of 10 and 11 year old children were examined, each group had 21 members (n=84; average height=148,2 ± 5,67 cm; average body weight=37,4 ± 4,29 kg, average age=10,96 ± 0,69 years). All 84 children participated in the first measurement on a Footscan to evaluate the level of postural stability based on the selected parameters. Then 15 children were chosen for a 5 week long intervention. After this intervention the group took the measurement again. The final number of children tested in this work was 12 (n=12; average height=151,7 ± 4,61 cm; average body weight=39,71 ± 2,99 kg; average age=11,43 ± 0,29 years). Outcome of the first and second measurement was compared and processed. Results: Most of the selected parameters have shown, that girls have better postural stability than boys of the same age and that 11 year olds have better postural stability than 10 year olds. The parameter TTW (Total Traveled Way) was chosen for the...

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