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1

Jyoti Kohli, Ajay Puri, and Ashok Dhar. "Prevalence of Parasitic Infections in Patients Attending Tertiary Hospital ASCOMS Jammu." Asian Journal of Medical Research 9, no. 1 (2020): MB01—MB03. http://dx.doi.org/10.47009/ajmr.2020.9.1.mb1.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are endemic worldwide and varies considerably from place to place. According to World health organization two billion people are infected with parasitic infections globally. This prevalence is due to low levels of sanitation, open defecation, lack of safe water supply, poor hygiene, low socio- economic status, age group and impoverished health services.Subjects and Methods:In order to know the infection rate of these intestinal parasites 2500 stool specimens were studied microscopically for parasitic infections by direct wet mount and iodine mount.Results:It was observed that only 5.28% were infected with intestinal parasites. The ova and cysts of various intestinal parasites were identified microscopically and pattern of different isolated parasites were studied and it was observed that most commonly isolated was Giardia intestinalis 69.69%, followed by Entamoebahistolytica 19.69%, Ascarislumbricoides 7.57%, Ankylostomaduodenale 1.51% and Trichuristrichuira 1.51%.Conclusion: The decrease in parasitic infections evidence the success of health education, improved sanitation and healthy lifestyle.
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2

Kaya, Filiz, and Mustafa Kocaağa. "Distribution of Intestinal Parasites Detected in Ankara Training and Research Hospital between 2017 and 2020." Acta Medica 53, no. 1 (2022): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2022.actamedica.715.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients admitted to Ankara Training and Research Hospital during the period of 2017 to 2020.
 Materials and Methods: Intestinal parasitic examination results of patients between 2017 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Data on demographic and clinical parameters were obtained from the laboratory information management system.
 Results: E. vermicularis eggs were found in 7.2% of 2348 samples examined by cellophane tape method. One or more intestinal parasites were detected in 18.2% of 4211 samples examined stool concentration method. Intestinal parasite positivity was the highest in children aged 6-18 years among age groups. The most frequently detected intestinal parasites were Blastocystis sp., E. vermicularis, Dientamoeba fragilis and Giardia intestinalis.
 Conclusion: Although our hospital is in the center of Ankara Training and Research Hospital, it mostly serves patients with low socioeconomic status and immigrant individuals; therefore total intestinal parasite detection rate was found relatively high. Intestinal parasitic infections are still an important public health issue in our country. It is important to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections to develop optimal prevention and treatment strategies.
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Sulistyawati, Sri Wijayanti, Dwi Peni Kartikasari, Lynda Rossyanti, et al. "EDUCATION PROGRAM AND FACILITY IMPROVEMENT FOR PERSONAL HYGIENE AT PONDOK PESANTREN METAL MUSLIM, PASURUAN." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 6, no. 1 (2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v6i1.2022.91-98.

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This community service activity was carried out with the partner of the Muslim Metal Islamic Boarding School, Pasuruan. This activity aims to improve the habits of clean and healthy living behavior (personal hygiene. The activities offered include examination of intestinal parasitic infections for residents of the Muslim Metal Islamic Boarding School, counseling on intestinal parasitic infections and personal hygiene and improvement of PHBS facilities. The counselling given is about various kinds of parasites that cause intestinal infections, transmission of intestinal parasitic infections, and how to prevent intestinal parasitic infections by implementing personal hygiene (PHBS). By knowing about intestinal parasites and how they are transmitted, be expected that they will be able to avoid infection with intestinal parasites by practicing PHBS discipline.
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4

Ghimire, Gyanendra, Dipendra Pandeya, Binita Adhikari, and Manoj Pradhan. "Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 13, no. 1 (2015): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12994.

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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections are endemic worldwide and constitute a major public health problem and considered as ‘cancers of developing countries. Nepal is small improvised country where 70.0% of morbidity and mortality are associated with infectious diseases. Giardiasis, ascariasis, amoebiasis, ancyclostomiasis and taeniasis are common intestinal parasitic infections in Nepal. Thus, in this paper we report the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among school going children of Eastern part of Nepal. Mathods: A total of 300 stool samples were collected from school children of Eastern part of Nepal in random basis. An informed consent was taken from both students and school teachers. The samples were examined for the presence of parasites both macroscopically and microscopically. Standard parasitological examination methods were followed. Results: Out of total 300 school going children included in the study, 195 were male and 105 were female. A total of 97 (29.1%) were positive for one or more parasites. Out of total parasites detected, 35 (36.1%) were protozoan, 39 (40.2%) were helminthes and 23(23.7%) were mixed type. Giardia intestinalis 30 (30.9%) and Hookworm 18 (18.6%) were the commonest protozoan and helminthes respectively. The other parasites detected were A. lumbricoides 15(15.5%), H. nana 6 (6.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica 5(5.2%). Multiple parasitism was detected in 23(23.7%) children. Conclusion: The incidence of intestinal parasite infection was 29%. The commonest infestation was Helminthe. Regular deworming program in association to other preventive measures may help reduce the prevalence.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12994
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5

Borkovcova, Marie, Vladimir Fiser, Martina Bednarova, et al. "Effect of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Red Fox Intestine on the Prevalence of Its Intestinal Parasites." Animals 10, no. 2 (2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020343.

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The aim of this study was (i) to compare levels of accumulated heavy metals in the fox intestines with and without parasites. Moreover, our research also dealt with (ii) examination of the relationship between heavy metal content in fox intestines and between the presence of fox intestinal parasites. The intestines of 34 hunter-killed foxes were dissected to detect the occurrence of parasites. In 15 intestinal samples, parasitic intestinal helminths were found. Heavy metal content in small intestine tissue and in parasites was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The prevalence of parasites was significantly dependent on Cd content in the host’s small intestine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the authors suggest that parasites are sensitive to Cd levels; their prevalence in the intestines of the fox host decreases to zero with increasing Cd content.
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6

Feleke, Daniel Getacher, Habtye Bisetegn, Getamesay Zewudu, Yohannes Alemu, and Seifegebriel Teshome Feleke. "Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Food Handlers of Food and Drinking Establishments in Woldia Town, North-East Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023 (January 14, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2831175.

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Background. Food handlers should be screened periodically for intestinal parasitic infections, and they should be treated to reduce intestinal parasite transmission to consumers through contaminated foods and drinks. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection among food handlers in Woldia town, North-East Ethiopia. Method. A community-basedcross-sectional study was conducted among food handlers in Woldia town, North-East Ethiopia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics and intestinal parasite-associated risk factors. Microscopic examination of a stool sample was performed using wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software packages. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors. In all comparisons, P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among food handlers in Woldia town was 14.3%. Six different intestinal parasites were detected. The majority of the parasites identified were helminthic infections 37/52 (71%). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most dominant parasite (7.7%), followed by E. histolytica/dispar (2.7%) and G. lamblia (1.4%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intestinal parasitic infection had a statistically significant association with food handlers’ habits of hand washing without soap after latrine use ( P < 0.01 ), swimming habit ( P = 0.03 ), and using a common knife ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusion. This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers in Woldia town. Strict and standard hygienic and sanitary practices should be implemented by food handlers. Moreover, food handlers should be screened for intestinal parasitic infection, and health education should be given periodically.
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7

Cook, G. C. "Intestinal parasitic infection." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 3, no. 1 (1987): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198701000-00028.

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8

Cook, G. C. "Intestinal parasitic infections." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 1 (1988): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198801000-00024.

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9

Variyam, Easwaran P. "Intestinal parasitic infections." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14, no. 1 (1998): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199801000-00010.

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10

Das, Ananya, and Easwaran P. Variyam. "Intestinal parasitic infections." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 15, no. 1 (1999): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199901000-00011.

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11

Cook, G. C. "Intestinal parasitic infections." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1, no. 1 (1985): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198501000-00031.

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12

Cook, G. C. "Intestinal parasitic infections." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2, no. 1 (1986): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198601000-00029.

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13

Park, Mi-Suk, Ki Whang Kim, Hyun Kwon Ha, and Dong Ho Lee. "Intestinal parasitic infection." Abdominal Imaging 33, no. 2 (2007): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-007-9324-z.

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14

Diongue, Khadim, Mouhamadou Ndiaye, Mame Cheikh Seck, et al. "Distribution of Parasites Detected in Stool Samples of Patients in Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar, Senegal, from 2011 to 2015." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8296313.

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To identify the parasites responsible for intestinal parasitic infections diagnosed at Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar, distribution of parasites detected in stool samples of patients was studied. From 2011 to 2015, 2578 patients were included in the study. A direct examination and Ritchie technique were performed as parasite search techniques. In total, 408 samples were positive showing 440 intestinal parasites; this corresponds to prevalence of 15.8%. Parasites were detected in monoparasitism (85.7%) and multiparasitism (14.3%). The most common species found in monoparasitism wereEntamoeba coli(38.9%),E. histolytica/dispar(12.7%),Giardia intestinalis(8%), andAscaris lumbricoides(7.3%). The most common associations wereA. lumbricoides-Trichuris trichiura(3.6%) andE. coli-G. intestinalis(2.7%). Nonhospitalized patients were significantly more affected with 65.4% compared to hospitalized counterparts; and also there were more men (50.7%) than women. With 67.4%, adults were the most affected age group, while the elderly were less affected with only 7% (p=0.5). This study shows increasing prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections over the years. So health education should be promoted in addition to the already begun mass treatment program. This would help to limit or even halt the spread of these diseases.
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15

Mir, Rumana Farooq, Bushra Yousuf Peerzada, Lubna Samad, and Aliya Shah. "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir India-five year retrospective study." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, no. 1 (2022): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.015.

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Intestinal parasitic infections represent a grave public health problem especially in developing nations like India, leading to malnutrition, growth retardation, anaemia’s and vitamin deficiencies in early childhood. As such the burden of these intestinal parasitic infections in the society needs to be focussed at the right time which will in turn lead to enhanced health and improved economic conditions of the country. To find out the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir. A retrospective study was carried out in the Parasitology division in the department of Microbiology of Government Medical College, Srinagar for a period of five years. Routine stool examination was studied to detect the parasitic infections among the patients attending various outpatient departments of our hospital. A total of 2159 stool samples were examined in five years out of which 165 (7.6%) revealed the presence of parasites. The most common parasite identified was (71.9%) followed by Giardia lamblia (16.4%).Intestinal infection due to was the most common parasite identified in our study. The prevalence of these infections can still be higher as these parasites are excreted intermittently in stool samples. As such taking repeat samples from same patients suffering from intestinal parasitic infection is important followed by concentration methods, which together will help and enhance better retrieval of intestinal parasites reflecting the total burden of these infections in our community.
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16

Khositharattanakool, Pathamet, and Puckavadee Somwang. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Genotypic Distribution with Risk Factors of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV Patients of Maesai Hospital, Thailand." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 20 (2022): 6259. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.6259.

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Co-infections of HIV and intestinal parasites including Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi) are a common cause of gastrointestinal syndrome in HIV-infected people. Our study was designed to detect infection rates of intestinal parasites and the genotypic distribution of E. bieneusi, as well as probable risk factors for infection in HIV patients at Maesai hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Two hundred and twenty-four stool samples from enrolled HIV-infected participants were collected and examined for parasitic infections, using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction techniques. CD4 status as well as the demographic data of HIV-infected participants was also collected and analyzed. Intestinal parasites including E. bieneusi were detected in 4.02 % of all participants. The highest intestinal parasitic infection rate was E. bieneusi (2.23 %) followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (1.34 %), Opisthorchis viverrini (0.89 %) and Giardia intestinalis (0.45 %). Intestinal parasitic infection rate of participants with CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 was significantly higher than that of participants with CD4 counts > 200 cells/mm3 (12.50 % vs 2.63 %, p = 0.027). Correspondingly, the infection rate of E. bieneusi was significantly higher in participants with CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 than in participants with CD4 count > 200 cells/mm3 (9.38 % vs 1.05 %, p = 0.022). Two genotypes of E. bieneusi, including D (n = 3) and SH8 (n = 2), were identified from 5 participants. Both of the identified genotypes were likely a zoonotic transmission. Human infection by E. bieneusi genotype SH8 was a discovery for the first time in Thailand. However, no intestinal coccidian infections were diagnosed. The low numbers of intestinal parasitic infections of this study were probably due to wide availability of antiretroviral therapy, improved health sanitation, as well as ease of access to antiparasitic medication in HIV-infected people.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 We discovered that HIV patients at Maesai Hospital had a low prevalence of both opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections, which was probably due to health improvement and treatment availability
 We discovered Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes D and SH8 in HIV patients. Human infected with genotype SH8 was the first to be reported in Thailand
 Low levels of CD4 cells and contact with animals were considered to be risk factors for infection with bieneusi genotypes D and SH8
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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17

Baral, Ratna, Pramod Jha, Ritu Amatya, and Basudha Khanal. "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients attending in a tertiary care hospital of eastern region of Nepal – A retrospective, laboratory based study." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (2017): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v8i3.16909.

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Background: Intestinal parasitosis still constitutes one of the major causes of public healthproblems in the world, particularly in developing countries. Nepal is a small, impoverished country prevalent to infectious diseases, including intestinal parasitosis. Poverty, lack of awareness, failure to practice proper hand washing after defecation, practice of open defecation, unsafe drinking water and use of improper toilets are some of the reasons causing of parasitic infections.Aims and Objective: To determine the types of intestinal parasites in stool samples of patients attending to hospital. Materials and Methods: Stools specimens collected in standard stool vial were submitted in microbiology (2006-2010) unit at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences hospital (BPKIHS) were examined for intestinal parasites by direct wet mount using normal saline (0.9%) and lugol’s iodine (0.5%).Results: A total of 11,791 stool samples (2928 in 2006, 2238 in 2007, 2151 in 2008, 2344 in 2009 and 2130 in 2010) were submitted to the Parasitology section of Department of Microbiology BPKIHS were included in the analysis. Of these, 675 (5.72%) were positive intestinal protozoa and 289 (2.45%) for intestinal helminths. Giardia intestinalis accounted for the most prevalent parasitic infection (3.34%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (1.96%) and Hookworm (0.97%). A parasitic infection was observed to be highest among 20-50 years of age group and lowest in the less than 5 years group of subjects.Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis is a common problem. Amoebiasis, giardiasis and the common intestinal helminthes Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura were prevalent in our settings.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 55-59
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Fekadu, Sintayehu, Kefyalew Taye, Wondu Teshome, and Solomon Asnake. "Prevalence of parasitic infections in HIV-positive patients in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 11 (2013): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2906.

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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infectionsare a major public health burden in tropical countries. Although all HIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to parasitic infections, those having lower immune status are at greater risk. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in patients living with HIV/AIDS. Methodology: This was a facility-based cross-sectional study. A total of 343 consecutively sampled HIV/AIDS patients from the HIV care clinic of Hawassa University Referral Hospital were included. Subjects were interviewed for demographic variables and diarrheal symptoms using structured questionnaires. Stool examinations and CD4 cells counts were also performed. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 47.8% among HIV/AIDS patients; single helminthic infection prevalence (22.7%) was higher than that the prevalence of protozoal infections (14.6%). About 54% of study participants had chronic diarrhea while 3.4% had acute diarrhea. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic diarrhea was significantly higher than in acute diarrhea (p <0.05). Non-opportunistic intestinal parasite infections such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia spp., and hookworm were commonlyfound, regardless of immunestatus or diarrheal symptoms. Opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasitic infection were more frequent in patients with a CD4 count of <200/mm3 (OR=9.5; 95% CI: 4.64-19.47) when compared with patients with CD4 counts of >=500 cells/mm3. Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infections should be suspected in HIV/AIDS-infected patients with advanced disease presenting with chronic diarrhea. Patients with low CD4 counts should be examined critically for intestinal parasites, regardless of diarrheal status.
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Roopal, Nipurte, Paranjpe Supriya, Koticha Avani, Nataraj Gita, and Mehta Preeti. "Correlation of sociodemographic factors and intestinal parasites in pregnant women." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 1 (2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195916.

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Background: Pregnant women often experience more severe intestinal parasitic infections than their non-pregnant counterparts. Intestinal parasitic infections also disturb pregnancy at the maternal and fetal level. Objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of intestinal parasites in pregnant women and its relationship with various socio-demographic factors.Methods: A single stool specimen was collected. A saline and iodine mount was examined microscopically to demonstrate the intestinal parasites. Formol ether Concentration technique was performed to increase the yield of the eggs and larvae. Modified acid-fast staining was done for opportunistic parasitic infections.Results: In this study 300 pregnant women were screened for presence of intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 42.67%. Women who practiced hand washing regularly and had knowledge about parasites had lesser infection. The dietary practice of taking green leafy vegetables had protective effect during pregnancy. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was almost same in both rural and urban women. Higher prevalence of intestinal parasites was found in lower socioeconomic class. Women who used river as source of water supply had slightly more prevalence than those who used municipal water. The prevalence of hookworm infection was more in women who never wore sandals.Conclusions: The high prevalence of intestinal parasites in the pregnant women indicates faecal pollution of soil and domestic water supply. Education and awareness regarding intestinal parasites need to be done during their routine antenatal visits. Emphasis should be made on consistent hand washing, consumption of washed leafy vegetables and use of footwear. Deworming of pregnant women should be considered in the national guidelines.
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Athiyyah, Alpha F., Ingrid S. Surono, Reza G. Ranuh, et al. "Mono-Parasitic and Poly-Parasitic Intestinal Infections among Children Aged 36–45 Months in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 1 (2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010045.

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The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection remains high in developing countries, especially because of geographic and socio-demographic factors. This study aimed to evaluate intestinal parasitic infection, as well as its risk factors, among children aged 36–45 months in a rural area (North Kodi) and an urban area (Kupang) of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Anthropometry, socio-demographic factors and personal hygiene practices were assessed. A total of 214 children participated in the study, and 200 stool samples were collected for intestinal parasite examination. Approximately 30.5% (61/200) of the children were infected with one or more intestinal parasites (67.2%; 41/61 being mono-parasitic infections and 32.8%; 20/61 being poly-parasitic infections). A total of 85 intestinal parasites were detected, consisting of 35.3% (30/85) protozoa and 64.7% (55/85) helminths. The predominant protozoa were Giardia lamblia (43%; 13/30) and Blastocystis spp. (33.3%; 10/30), whereas the predominant helminths were Trichuris trichiura (50.9%; 28/55) and Ascaris lumbricoides (43.6%; 24/55). Moreover, intestinal parasitic infection was associated with rural area (OR 4.5; 95%CI 2.3–8.6); the absence of treatment with deworming drugs (OR 2.56; 95%CI 1.3–5.0); sanitation facilities without a septic tank (OR 4.3; 95%CI 2.1–8.5); unclean water as a source of drinking water (OR 4.67; 95%CI 2.4–9.4); no handwashing practice after defecation (OR 3.2; 95%CI 1.4–7.3); and stunted children (OR 4.4; 95%CI 2.3–8.3). In conclusion, poly-parasitic infections were common in this study. Poor personal hygiene practice and sanitation factors contributed to the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in 36–45-month-old children in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
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Subedi, Janak Raj, Krishna Prasad Gaire, and Ravi Prasad Devkota. "Intestinal Helminthes Parasite among Public and Private School Children of Nepal." Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science 8, no. 1 (2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v8i1.31551.

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Background and Objectives: Gastrointestinal infections impose a great and often silent burden of morbidity and mortality on poor populations in developing countries. School age children are one of the groups at high-risk for intestinal parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence rate of intestinal helminthes parasites among private and public school children of Devdaha Municipality of Rupandehi district and to determine the association of prevalence with different risk factors.
 Material and methods: The study was carried out during June to July 2019. A total of 150 (75 from public and 75 from private school) stool samples were collected in clean, dry and screw capped plastic vials and were studied for the presence of intestinal helminthes parasites using direct smear method.
 Results: Overall parasitic prevalence rate was 18.66% (28/150). Prevalence rate was considerably higher in public school children (22.66%; 17/75) compared with private school (14.66%; 11/75) (P>0.05). The prevalence of helminthes parasitic infections was statistically independent with age and gender of the students (P>0.05). The current finding was maximum for single parasitic infection in both public (88.23%) and private (90.90%) school. Total four genera of parasites were identified. Among them, Ascaris lumbricoides was most common followed by Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms and Taenia sp.
 Conclusion: Transmissions of infections were generally due to poor sanitary habits, use of contaminated drinking water and improper disposal management. This study suggests the need of health education program in schools along with regular screening of intestinal parasites and periodic administration of anti-parasitic drugs for the effective management of the intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Nepal.
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M Hussein, Eman, Eman M El-Hamshary, Aziza S Omar, and Amira B Mokhtar. "Parasitic Rheumatism among Patients Infected with Intestinal Parasites." Acta Scientific Gastrointestinal Disorders 2, no. 6 (2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asgis.2019.02.0059.

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23

Maru Wassie Yenene and Abayneh Unasho Gandile. "Prevalence of the common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children in Finoteselam town, West Gojam Zone, Amhara region (Ethiopia)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (2020): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0210.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have been still quite common in developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children with low socio-economic and poor living conditions. Previous studies in Ethiopia have shown high burden of intestinal parasitic infections among the primary school children. The effective prevention and control of parasitic infections require research work based on the identification of intestinal parasites including associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of common intestinal parasitic infections and predisposing factors among the asymptomatic primary school children. Methods: A school based cross- sectional study was conducted from September, 2019- January, 2020 and a total of 422 asymptomatic primary school children were involved in the study. Specimens of the stool samples were examined using the standard parasite and ova method. Direct microscopy using saline and iodine wet mount preparation was used to examine the presence of eggs and larvae of helminthes and trophozoites and cysts of protozoan parasites and formalin ether concentration method was used for quality assurance. Structured questionnaires were also used to collect quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics and predisposing factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including descriptive statistics. Results: Among the 422 students (aged 5-14 years) participated in the study, 245(58%) were positive for one or more intestinal parasites. Of the total infected participants, 192(45.5%) were single infections and 53(12.6%) were double infections identified. Seven types of intestinal parasitic infections were identified in the present study. The most prevalent parasite was Giardia lamblia 95(22.5%) followed by hook worm 58(13.7%). Age groups 5-9 years old were more infected, 173 (70.6%) than age groups 10-14 years old 72(29.4%). This result also showed parasitic infections were associated with predisposing factors related to infectious cycles. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations: The present study revealed that there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among students in the targeted primary schools. Therefore, all stakeholders should give attention to raise awareness about the prevention and control mechanisms of intestinal parasitic infections. Moreover, the health services of the local government should develop a habit of mass public health education and deworming intervention to improve the level of parasitic infection and environmental hygiene in the study area.
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Tiwari, Bishnu Raj, Ranju Chaudhary, Nabaraj Adhikari, Sailesh Kumar Jayaswal, Thakur Prasad Poudel, and Komal Raj Rijal. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children of Dadeldhura District, Nepal." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 3, no. 1 (2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.44.

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Intestinal parasitic infestations are a common finding in the developing world, however, the patterns of parasitic distribution and rates are different elsewhere. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation and chemical analysis of stool sample of the school children of age group 4-12 years in Dadeldhura district, far western region of Nepal. Out of 530 stool samples, 165 (31.13%) were found to be intestinal parasites positive. Among the total parasites, Hymenolepsis nana (46.56%) and Giardia lamblia (7.47%) were found in high prevalence as helmiths and protozoa respectively. Among the total stool samples 159 (30%) showed positive occult blood test. The prevalence of parasitic infection was found high in the children of age group 4-6 years (38.18%) than others though the result was not significant statistically (P>0.05). Highest prevalence of parasites was found in those not following the hygienic conditions (36.17%) than those following (18.83%). Similarly, high proportion of the parasites were found in children having gastrointestinal symptoms (49.23%) than in children without the gastrointestinal symptoms (13.70%) though the result was not significant statistically (P>0.05). The study showed the children using the water directly from the source had higher prevalence of parasites (32.13%) than those using treated water (14.28%). This study presents the high prevalence of stool parasites in school going children of Dadeldhura district.
 Key words: Parasitic infection, School children, Stool samples, Dadeldhura, Nepal.
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Salehi Kahyesh, Roya, Arash Alghasi, Shekoufe Haddadi, and Asaad Sharhani. "Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children with Cancer in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839740.

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Background. Infection with intestinal parasites is widespread worldwide, especially in developing countries. Intestinal parasites are known as one of the leading causes of diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects, but cancer patients are highly susceptible to contamination, and it can be deadly for them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients in Ahvaz. Material and Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional pilot case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 52 children with malignancies hospitalized in Baqaei2 hospital in Ahvaz. A questionnaire including demographic information, type of cancer, type of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis was completed for each patient. The collected specimens were examined by direct smear, Logul staining, and concentration. Result. The 52 stool samples were collected, 46% were female and 54% male. The age range of children enrolled in the study was from 4 months to 16 years. Of these stool samples, 38.38% were infected with a variety of parasitic intestinal infections (helminths and protozoa). In this study, protozoan parasites, Blastocystis (23%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.92%), Endolimax nana (7.7%), and Entamoeba coli (1.92%), and helminth infection, Strongyloides stercoralis (3.84%), were observed and statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and parasitic infection in children with cancer. Conclusion. Blastocystis and Endolimax nana are the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic protozoans that infect individuals admitted to Baqaei2 Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. Since parasitic intestinal infections in immunocompromised patients lead to fatal diarrhea, children with parasitic infections must be carefully identified and treated.
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Amer, Omar S. O., Esam S. Al-Malki, Mohamed I. Waly, Abdulaziz AlAgeel, and Mahmoud Y. Lubbad. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients of King Fahd Medical City in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study." Journal of Parasitology Research 2018 (July 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8076274.

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This study is a retrospective analysis of the recorded intestinal parasitic infections for in- and outpatients visiting King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2013 to 2017. In this study, a total of 5987 in- and outpatient were examined for intestinal parasitic infection. 30 patients out of 5987 were infected with 6 species of intestinal parasites with prevalence rate 0.5%. These parasites were Entamoeba histolytica (P = 0.27%), Cryptosporidium sp. (P = 0.1%), Giardia lamblia (P = 0.07%), Trichuris trichiura (P = 0.03%), Hymenolepis nana (P = 0.02%), and Chilomastix mesnili (P = 0.02%). The prevalence of infection in both males and females was 0.38% and 0.58%, respectively. Also, the prevalence of infection in different years and age groups as well as different seasons was provided. Intestinal parasitic infections are still a public health problem in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Updating the epidemiologic survey of these parasites at regular intervals using the appropriate statistical methods is necessary to develop effective prevention and control strategies.
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Kuti, Kemal Ahmed, Rameto Aman Nur, Geroma Morka Donka, Amene Abebe Kerbo, and Adem Esmael Roba. "Predictors of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Food Handlers Working in Madda Walabu University, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (January 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9321348.

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Background. Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the major health problems globally. It is more common in developing countries including Ethiopia. So, adequate evidence is needed regarding the predictors of intestinal parasitic infection. This study was aimed at determining the predictors of intestinal parasitic infection among food handlers working in Madda Walabu University, Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 May to 10 June 2017 among 198 symptom-free food handlers. Data on sociodemographic variables were collected through face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected immediately after the interview using labeled wide-mouthed plastic container and clean wooden applicator. Direct wet-mount method and formal-ether concentration techniques were performed to identify intestinal parasites. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive statistics and crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. p value of <0.05 was considered to declaration level of significance. Result. The response rate was 98% (198/202). The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.3% (50/198). The top three intestinal parasites found in this study were Ascaris lumbricoides 7.6% (15/198), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 7.6% (15/198), and hookworm 5.6% (11/198). Inadequate handwashing practice (AOR: 13.876; 95% CI: 4.129, 46.632), inadequate knowledge about foodborne diseases (AOR: 3.596; 95% CI: 1.438, 8.989), lack of training on proper food handling (AOR: 5.960; 95% CI: 1.450, 24.497), and untrimmed fingernail (AOR: 2.939; 95% CI: 1.368, 6.135) were independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infection. Conclusion. High prevalence of intestinal parasites was observed among symptom-free food handlers who could be unobservable source of disease transmission. Inadequate handwashing, untrimmed fingernail, inadequate knowledge, and lack of training were independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infection in this study. This implies the need for timely and adequate training and enforcement of regular medical checkup system for food handlers.
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Wakid, Majed H. "Fecal Occult Blood Test and Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection." Journal of Parasitology Research 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/434801.

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Stool specimens of 1238 workers in western region of Saudi Arabia were examined for infection with intestinal parasites and for fecal occult blood (FOB) to investigate the possibility that enteroparasites correlate to occult intestinal bleeding. Direct smears and formal ether techniques were used for detection of diagnostic stages of intestinal parasites. A commercially available guaiac test was used to detect fecal occult blood. 47.01% of the workers were infected with intestinal parasites including eight helminthes species and eight protozoan species. The results provided no significant evidence (P-value=0.143) that intestinal parasitic infection is in association with positive guaiac FOB test.
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Tsuyuoka, Reiko, J. Wendy Bailey, Alzira M. d'Avila Nery Guimarães, Ricardo Q. Gurgel, and Luis E. Cuevas. "Anemia and intestinal parasitic infections in primary school students in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 15, no. 2 (1999): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1999000200026.

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Anemia is estimated to affect half the school-age children and adolescents in developing countries. The main causes are parasitic infections, malaria, and low iron intake. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of anemia, parasitic infections, and nutritional status of children attending public primary schools in Aracaju, Northeast Brazil. Of 360 students, 26.7% were anemic, and prevalence was higher in children under 8 and over 15 years of age. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 42%, with Ascaris lumbricoides (28.7%), Trichuris trichiura (15.6%), and hookworm (1.7%) most frequently found. There was an association between parasitic infections and poor sanitary conditions, but there was no association between anemia and presence of intestinal parasites. Height-for-age Z scores were lower than the NCHS standard, and prevalence of stunting was 5.4%. Although intestinal parasites were not associated with anemia, children with parasites had lower nutritional indices (weight- and height-for-age Z scores) than those without parasites.
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Amapu T. Y., Amapu T. Y., Latu M. Y. Latu M. Y., Dapiya H. S. Dapiya H. S., et al. "Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Associated with Exotic Dogs in Commercial Breeding Mills in Jos Metropolis-Nigeria." Academic Journal of Life Sciences, no. 53 (March 15, 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajls.53.15.22.

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In Nigeria, there has been an increasing trend towards establishing puppy mills for commercial breeding of exotic dogs. This study determined gastrointestinal parasites associated with exotic dogs of the existing puppy mills in Jos Metropolis Nigeria. A total of 150 dogs’ fresh feacal samples were collected from 25 different puppy mills and examined using formol ether and floatation concentration techniques. Data on risks factors variables of dogs’ age, number of dogs per kernel kennel type, nature of food and history of antiparasitic drugs usage were collected from the breeders using predesigned questionnaire. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 71.33% intestinal parasitic burden among the dogs. Chi square (χ2) analysis showed association (p< 0.05) between breeds of dogs and occurrence of parasites. The gastrointestinal parasites associated were most prevalent dogs in Neapolitan mastiff (86.36%) followed by Rottweiler (75.70%) and German Shepherd (57.14%) was the least infected Predominantly, a total of seven (7) species of intestinal parasites; Ancylostoma caninum (28.00%) Dipylidium caninum (23.33%), Toxocara canis (14.00%), Trichuris vulpis (11.33%), Taenia sp. (5.33%) Giardia sp. (7.33%) and Coccidia sp. (5.33%) were identified. Among different gastrointestinal parasitic infections, occurrence of Ancylostoma caninum (28.00%) was highest, followed by Dipylidium caninum (23.33%). Multiple parasitic infections among positive dogs sampled were observed, however, risk factors variables did not (p > 0.05) affect parasitic infection. Age based gastrointestinal parasitic infection peak (77.78%) was reported among 7 9 months old and decreased with ages of dogs The result showed no significant difference in prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among age groups of the dogs (χ2 = 2.616, d.f. = 5, P = 0.624). This trend implies that puppies of younger age groups had higher prevalence and tendency for infection with gastrointestinal parasites than their older counterparts.This study provides baseline data on the spectrum of intestinal parasitic infection of exotic dogs in commercial puppy mills in Jos-Nigeria. Therefore, the phenomenon could represent an important health threat and needs to be regulated, so that breeders adhere to hygiene practices and veterinary guidelines. This will serve as an approach to reduce the tendency of increasing intestinal parasitic burden of local dogs as well as eliminate emergent zoonotic intestinal parasites in the dogs.
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Derso, Adane, Gizachew Yenealem, and Ayenew Addisu. "A Five-Year Trend of Intestinal Parasite Prevalence among Students Attending Clinic at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2021 (February 20, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8897935.

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Background. Intestinal parasitic infections are the cause of the highest worldwide infectious disease and the major public health problems in developing countries. Among the cases, children and younger age are at high risk and the major victims. The aim of this study was to assess the five-year trend of intestinal parasite prevalence among University of Gondar students. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the trend of intestinal parasite prevalence among students at the University of Gondar. The data was collected from students who have studied at the University of Gondar from 2014 to 2018 and who visited the student’s clinic and had recorded results of stool sample diagnosis on the laboratory logbook. Stool specimens were examined using direct saline wet mount methods. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Moreover, chi-square was used to assess the association of different variables. Result. During the study period, a total of 6244 stool samples were requested for intestinal parasite diagnosis and it was found that 2850 specimens were positive for intestinal parasites, representing an overall prevalence of 45.6% with a fluctuating trend. Ten different parasites were reported with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (20.3%) and Giardia lamblia (8.2%), the most frequently detected intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was higher in males (35.4%) than females (10.2%) ( P = 0.02 ). Conclusions. Intestinal parasitic infection was highly prevalent, and there were fluctuations in the prevalence of intestinal parasites from 2014 to 2018. Environmental sanitation improvement and health education schemes at the University of Gondar can be considered quite indispensable for the prevention and control of parasitic infections in the area.
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Abate, Abraraw, Biniam Kibret, Eylachew Bekalu, et al. "Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors in Teda Health Centre, Northwest Ethiopia." ISRN Parasitology 2013 (August 12, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/757451.

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Objective. To assess the magnitude of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors in Teda Health Centre, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Teda Health Centre from February to April, 2011. Stool samples were collected from 410 study participants and analysed by direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Furthermore, sociodemographic data were collected by using standardized questionnaire. Result. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in this study was 62.3%. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most predominant parasite (23.2%) followed by Giardia intestinalis (12.4%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (4.6%), Schistosoma mansoni (8.9%), hookworm (6.6%), Hymenolepis nana (1.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.4%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). Absence of toilet and hand washing after toilet was shown to be associated with intestinal parasitic infection ( for both). Furthermore, swimming and less shoe wearing habits showed a significant prevalence of S. mansoni and hookworm infections, respectively. Conclusion. The present study showed high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in the study area. Absence of toilet and hand washing after toilet was found to be associated with intestinal parasitic infection. Therefore, there is a need for integrated control programme to have a lasting impact on transmission of intestinal parasitic infection.
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Afolabi, Olajide, and Kafilat Abass. "Intestinal parasites associated with common marine fishes in Nigeria." Veterinary Research Notes 2, no. 7 (2022): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/vrn.2022.b14.

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Objective: Fish is a valuable food source and employment in developing countries. However, par¬asitic infections pose a threat to fish cultivation and fish health. This study is aimed at assessing intestinal parasites associated with marine fishes. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 frozen marine fishes, comprising 10 Clupea harengus (her¬rings), 10 Scomber scombrus (mackerel), and 10 Micromesistius poutassou (blue whiting) of dif¬ferent sizes and weights, were examined for intestinal parasites. Results: The results revealed Eimeria spp. and Goussia spp. as parasitic protozoa in M. poutassou and S. scombrus, respectively. Grillotia smarisgora was the only parasitic cestode in M. poutas¬sou. At the same time, Hemiurus spp. and Anisakis spp. were parasitic trematode and nematode observed in both C. harengus and S. scombrus fishes, respectively. Anisakis spp., a parasitic nema¬tode, was the most common intestinal parasite among the marine fishes with 70%, 80%, and 90% occurrence in S. scombrus, C. harengus, and M. poutassou, respectively. Conclusion: Parasitic infection is one of the factors undermining fish production. Therefore, fish sellers should be enlightened to improve sanitation in handling and processing fish.
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Shrestha, Prasha, Dhiraj Shrestha, Dhiraj Thapa Magar, Ganesh Rai, Kul Raj Rai, and Shiba Kumar Rai. "Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Prison Inmates in Kathmandu Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 3 (2019): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i3.2015.

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Background: Prison inmates are at high risk of intestinal parasitic infections. Thus, we studied intestinal parasitic infections among inmates of the Central Jail, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: Morning stool samples from 400 inmates (M=282 and F=118), were collected in a clean, dry and wide-mouthed plastic container. The samples were transported to the research laboratory of Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, and were fixed using 10% formal saline. Then, samples were processed by formal ether sedimentation concentration technique and were observed microscopically by direct-smear technique.Results: Six percent (24/400) samples were positive for intestinal parasites, with a gender ratio (M:F) 1.7:1. But, co-parasitism was not observed. Intestinal parasitic infections were higher among 21-40 years age-group, 3.5% (14/262). Similarly, intestinal parasitic infections were higher among ‘Dalits’ ethnic group, 21.1% (4/19). As compared to helminths, more protozoans, 62.5% (15/24), were observed. Giardia lamblia, 41.67% (10/24), was the most common protozoans while Trichuris trichiura, 25.0% (6/24), was the most common helminths.Conclusions: Intestinal parasitic infections were lower among the inmates of Central jail, but such conditions cannot be presumed in other peripheral settings. Pure and safe drinking water supply and the effective deworming campaign can further reduce this figure at this setting and peripheral jails across the country.Keywords: Intestinal parasitic infections; IPIs; Nepal; prison inmates.
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35

Hajare, Sunil Tulshiram, Robe Kuti Gobena, Nitin Mahendra Chauhan, and Feleke Eriso. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasite Infections and Their Associated Factors among Food Handlers Working in Selected Catering Establishments from Bule Hora, Ethiopia." BioMed Research International 2021 (August 20, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6669742.

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Intestinal parasites are responsible for one of the major health problems like food contamination with socioeconomic effects in the world with a prevalence rate of 30-60%, in developing countries that lie within tropical and subtropical areas. They pose a reasonable public health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Globally, due to intestinal parasitic infections, around 3.5 billion people are affected and more than 200,000 deaths are reported annually. Around 50000 deaths yearly are caused by intestinal parasites in Ethiopia. As such, intestinal parasites perceived global and local burdens to various countries. The risk of food contamination depends largely on the health status of the food handlers, their hygiene, knowledge, and practice of food hygiene. Food handlers with poor personal hygiene and sanitation conditions are the major potential sources of intestinal helminthes and protozoa worldwide. The proposed study was aimed at evaluating prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their associated factors among food handlers working in selected catering establishments. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bule Hora Town from March to April 2020. A total of 136 catering establishments were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in this study was 46.3%. Entamoeba histolytica was the most predominant parasite (33.3%, i.e., 21/63) while Giardia lamblia was the least (11.1%, i.e., 7/63). Consumption of vended or borehole water and hygienic practices such as hand washing before eating, after using toilet, before cooking and trimming of finger nail and wearing proper working clothes and shoes were statistically significant with intestinal parasitic infection ( P < 0.05 ). Generally, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in this study was high and contributed by low socioeconomic status and poor environmental and personal hygiene. Measures including education on personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, drinking water supply, regular medical checkups, and treatment should be taken into account to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites.
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Balarak, Davoud, Mohammad Jafari Modrek, Edris Bazrafshan, Hossein Ansari, and Ferdos Kord Mostafapour. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Food Handlers in Northwest Iran." Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8461965.

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Parasitic diseases are among the most important infectious diseases and pose health problems in many countries, most especially in developing countries. Workers at food centers could transmit parasitic infections in the absence of sanitation. This is a descriptive study conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food clerks in the city of Tabriz in 2014. Data was recorded in the offices of the health center for all food handlers who were referred to the laboratory for demographic and stool tests to receive the health card. Parasitic infection was observed in 172 cases (3.73%) of 4612 samples. A total of 156 positive samples (90.69%) were related to protozoa and 16 (9.3%) were related to helminthes. Most of the parasitic infections were related toGiardiaandEntamoeba coliand the lowest infection was related toH. nana. Also, there was a significant relationship between level of education and parasitic infection rate (P=0.0044). But there was no significant difference between the type of infection and amount of intestinal parasites. The results show that the prevalence of intestinal parasites, especially pathogenic protozoa, is common in some food handlers. Therefore, more sanitary controls are required and increasing of education will play a crucial role in improving the health of these people.
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Kandi, Sabitha. "Opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections." Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 6, no. 2 (2013): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1755-6783.116517.

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38

Arani, Abolfath Shojaei, Reza Alaghehbandan, Lame Akhlaghi, Maryam Shahi, and Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari. "Prevalence of intestinal parasites in a population in south of Tehran, Iran." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 3 (2008): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000300003.

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The aim of this study was to describe epidemiologic characteristics of intestinal parasites in a population in south of Tehran, Iran. A retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with suspicious intestinal parasitic infections referred to the Zakaria Razi Laboratory in Shahre-Ray, southern Tehran, Iran, was conducted from April 21, 2004 to October 20, 2005. All stool samples were examined and socio-demographic informations were retrieved. Of 4,371 referred patients, 466 (239 males and 227 females) were laboratory diagnosed with intestinal parasites, with a period prevalence of 10.7%. Blastocystis hominis (B. hominis) and Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) were the most frequent intestinal parasites. More than half of patients aged ³ 18 years had a low level of educational attainment (e.g. illiterate, primary school, high school) (170/331, 54.1%). Further, majority of patients were homemakers (42.3%, 140/331) or workers (28.1%, 93/331) employed in various business settings such as food industry and construction. Findings of this study showed that intestinal parasitic infections are still a major public health challenge in Iran that needs to be addressed. We believe that public education, improving sanitation conditions of underdeveloped areas/communities, community involvement, and supporting evidence-based practice/programs are the major keys to success in preventing the spread of intestinal parasitic infections in Iran.
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Maharjan, R., M. Timilshina, R. Shakya, S. Bhattarai, S. Bhattarai, and P. Gurung. "Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection of kindergarten children." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 2, no. 3 (2013): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8205.

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INTRODUCTION: Intestinal parasitic infections are the major public health problems of Nepal. Apart from causing mortality and morbidity, infection with intestinal parasites has been associated with stunting of linear growth, physical weakness and low educational achievement in school children. The drinking water is considered as the major cause for parasitic infection. This study aims to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection among the children visiting kindergarten of the Kathmandu, Khusibhu area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross sectional study was done in randomly selected Kindergarten of Khusibhu area. A total of 101 samples were examined. The study was focused in isolating intestinal parasites using normal saline and iodine wet mount method. Both macroscopic and microscopic studies were performed. RESULTS: Among the samples 45.5% (n=46) showed parasitic infection in which the Giardia lambia infection was found the highest 56.5% (n=26) and infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was found lowest 8.7% (n=4). Infection rate was found to be high in children drinking filtered water than among those drinking boiled and filtered water. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of parasitic infection in children is mainly associated with hygiene and food habit of the children. Hence good education about the hygienic practice helps in the prevention of the infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8205 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):111-113
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Abaka-Yawson, Albert, Solomon Quarshie Sosu, Precious Kwablah Kwadzokpui, Salomey Afari, Samuel Adusei, and John Arko-Mensah. "Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (September 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9315025.

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Background. Intestinal parasitic infections affect pregnant women worldwide. The infection has been implicated in causing life-threatening conditions in both gravid women and their developing foetus. Sub-Saharan Africa is known to harbor the greatest proportion of intestinal parasitic infections largely due to socioeconomic and environmental factors. In Kasoa, Southern Ghana, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Kasoa Polyclinic. Methods. A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among three hundred (300) conveniently sampled pregnant women receiving antenatal care services at the Kasoa Polyclinic. Structured questionnaires were administered to the study participants to assess sociodemographic and other possible factors. Stool samples were collected from each pregnant woman and examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by microscopy using direct wet mount as well as formol-ether sedimentation techniques. Results. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 14.3% (95% CI 11–19%). Entamoeba histolytica (5.0%) was the most predominant parasite species identified followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (4.3%), Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.3%), Hookworm (0.3%), Hymenolepis nana (0.3%), and Isospora belli (0.3%). Age > 30 years (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06–0.48; p=0.001), multigravidity (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19–0.97; p=0.043), and 2nd and 3rd trimesters (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI = 1.36–16.49; p=0.015) were independently associated with intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Conclusions. A prevalence of 14.3% pregnant women compared to previous studies in Ghana is relatively low. It however suggests that intestinal parasitic infection is still a problem. The major factors noted were age, gravidity, and gestational age. Routine stool examination and provision of public health education are recommended to prevent infection of pregnant mothers and their unborn babies.
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Tegegne, Yalewayker, Tadelo Wondmagegn, Ligabaw Worku, and Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factors among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Patients Attending University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9372145.

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Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections are among the major public health problems in developing countries. Hence, it is significant to explore coinfection with intestinal parasites and pulmonary tuberculosis because coinfection increases the complexity of control and prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis and parasitic diseases.Objective. To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients.Method. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Hospital from March to May, 2017. Stool samples were taken from each participant and examined by direct microscopy and concentration technique. Descriptive statistics was performed and chi-square test was used to show the association between variables.Pvalues of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. Intestinal parasites were detected in 50 (19.6%) among a total of 256 pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients who were included in the study, whereas the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 16.8% (43/256). Pulmonary tuberculosis and intestinal parasite coinfection was detected in 5 (2.0%) of the participants. The most prevalent intestinal parasites infection in this study wasAscaris lumbricoides,15 (5.85%), followed byEntamoeba histolytica/dispar,14 (5.46%), and Hookworm, 13 (5.1%).Conclusion. The prevalence of intestinal parasites and their coinfection rate with pulmonary tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients were considerable.
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Erensoy, Ahmet, Suleyman Aydin, Neslihan Kelestimur, Sevda Kirbag, and Salih Kuk. "The Change of Ghrelin Levels in Intestinal Parasitic Infections." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 29, no. 1 (2010): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-010-0004-0.

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The Change of Ghrelin Levels in Intestinal Parasitic InfectionsThe aim of this work was to examine the relationship between active (acylated ghrelin) and inactive (desacylated ghrelin) ghrelin in the serum and other serum parameters in intestinal parasitic infections and healthy controls. Conventional microscopic methods (saline and iodine solutions, trichrome stain) were used to identify intestinal parasites in stool samples of 29 subjects attending Firat University Hospital. Serum parameters were assessed in a single measurement of serum from 29 parasite subjects, and in 18 healthy controls. Serum acylated ghrelin and desacylated ghrelin levels were measured using a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. Paraoxonase and arylesterase were measured by using a spectrophotometer at 405 nm and 270 nm, respectively. Serum concentrations of acylated ghrelin and desacylated ghrelin were more markedly decreased in helminth bearing patients than the control group. Glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher in intestinal parasitic infections than in controls. Furthermore, there were no correlations between ghrelin levels and BMI. These results indicate that low ghrelin and PON1/AE level may be important for appetite monitoring in intestinal parasitic infections.
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Ogbeyi, GO, JA Jenewari, JP Abah, JO Akor, and ET Ikpom. "Current Status of Intestinal Parasites among Pre School Children in Eke, Okpokwu Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria." Western Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/wjmbs.28.

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Intestinal parasitic infection is a disease of public health importance in developing countries like Nigeria. Conducive environmental factors in developing countries accelerate parasitic growth and development. The aim of this study is to determine the current status of parasitic infection of preschool children in Benue State. A cross sectional study design was used in this study and computer generated table of random numbers was used to select the respondents. Univarate and bivarate analysis were computed using SPSS version 23. In bivarate analysis variables with p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite was 16.2% and the mean age of the children was 27.8 months. Fifty eight of the children were infected and Ascarislumbricoides was the most prevalent parasites. Families using pit latrine had the heighest prevance of parasitic infestation with the prevalence of 69.2%.There was a statistically significant association between methods of waste disposal and parasite infestation. Methods of water treatment were also statistically significant with intestinal parasitic infestation
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Escobedo, A. A., Roberto Cañete, and F. A. Núñez. "Intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in the Municipality San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, Cuba." Tropical Doctor 37, no. 4 (2007): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947507782332991.

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A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and the intensity of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) among children who attend the educational centres of San Juan y Martinez, Cuba. Ascaris lumbricoides, Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were the most common parasites found, with prevalence rates of 40.5%, 38.5% and 25%, respectively. In total, 91% of children harboured at least one type of intestinal parasite. The rates and intensity of intestinal parasitic infections found permit us to speculate that the conditions that predispose to acquire intestinal protozoan and STH infections persist in this municipality.
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Cruz-Cruz, Carolina, Dolores López-Hernández, Juan Antonio Hernández-Shilón, Lorena Mercedes Luna-Cazáres, Jorge E. Vidal, and Javier Gutiérrez-Jiménez. "Stunting and intestinal parasites in school children from high marginalized localities at the Mexican southeast." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 11 (2018): 1026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10481.

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Introduction: Children under five years of age from developing countries are in risk of not achieving an adequate human development due to stunting and extreme poverty. They were also affected by intestinal helminths. Inhabitants of the state of Chiapas, the poorest population in Mexico, register the highest prevalence of child malnutrition as well as intestinal parasitic infections. With the purpose of fight against poverty and hunger, the Mexican government launched a social program called “Prospera”. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of stunting and intestinal parasites in school children beneficiaries of that social program, from two marginalized municipalities of Chiapas, Mexico.
 Methodology: A total of 106 school-age children were recruited for nutritional assessment as well parasitic load measures.
 Results: Most children exhibited stunting (88.7%). In these children the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 32.1%, being A. lumbricoides the species with the highest prevalence (25.5%) with moderate parasitic load (15.1%). Positive associations were observed between the presence of intestinal parasites and the municipality where children lived, the type of footwear, or the educational level of the mother.
 Conclusions: Extreme poverty conditions in these localities of Mexico are far from reaching the sustainable development goals.
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Raj Kumari, Sanjana, Damodar Sharma, and Brajesh Jha. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Centre in Central Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 15, no. 3 (2019): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v15i3.25209.

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are important public health problem and are globally endemic. These parasites are responsible for the major share of morbidity and mortality in those communities where there is overcrowding, poor environmental sanitation and personal hygienic practices. Intestinal parasitic infection is highly prevalent among the general population in Nepal. This study was aimed to evaluate the burden of the intestinal parasitic infections and the pattern of distributions among patients attending in a tertiary care setting in Bharatpur, Nepal, over a period of one year (August 2017 to July 2018).
 Methods: Stool samples of patients received in the Microbiology laboratory, COMS that were subjected for routine stool investigations were included in this study. Naked eye physical examination, microscopic examination was carried out and parasites were identified in the received stool samples. The results were recorded, and data were entered into excel spreadsheet 2007. The percentages of the parasites present were calculated to find out the frequency and distribution.
 Results: A total of 1,558 fresh stool samples were screened, of which 20.60% (n=321) were positive for various intestinal parasites. Overall, helminthic infections (81.30%) were higher than protozoal infections (18.70%). On the whole, Ascaris lumbricoides showed higher prevalence (39.56%) followed by Ancylostoma duodenale (19.31%) and Giardia lamblia (9.97%). 17(1.09%) of the samples showed more than one parasite. Highest prevalence was seen in age group 15 to 25 years of age (27.40%).
 Conclusions: Parasitic infection is endemic. Apart from the early diagnosis and effective treatment, health education is a requisite to control infections in this area and awareness of sanitation to reduce and control parasitic infection.
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Shimeles Getawa Abera and Abayneh Unasho Gandile. "Prevalence and associated risk factors of common intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes among the asymptomatic primary school children at Woldia Town, North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, in Ethiopia." International Journal of Biology and Pharmacy Research Updates 1, no. 1 (2021): 032–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijbpru.2021.1.1.0021.

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Background: Intestinal worm infestation is a global health problem and serious concern for the third world countries. The most common intestinal parasites of helminthes that inhabit in human gut include Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes (Cestodes and trematodes) which are wide spread throughout the world. Prevention and control of all parasitic infections including helminthes require research work based on the identification of parasites and associated predisposing factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes among the asymptomatic primary school children at Woldia town, North Wollo Zone North Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: The study design was school based cross sectional study from November 2019 to February 2020. The technique of sampling was simple random sampling method and the sample size was computed based on the formula proposed by single population proportion to include 442 study participants. The method of data collection was laboratory microscopic stool examination using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique and the structured questionnaires about the associated risk factors and sociodemographic factors. Analysis of the data was made manually using the thematic framework method including the descriptive statistics Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of helminths among the asymptomatic primary school children at woldia town was 96(22.7%). The predominant intestinal parasites of helminthes was Ascaries lumbercoides 40 (9.5%) followed by Trichuris trichiura 18 (4.3%), Hymenolopis nana 13 (3.1%) and Hook worms 10 (2.4%). From the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of helminthes, 96(22.7%), the results obtained by direct wet mount method was 36(37.5%) while the Formol-ether concentration technique method revealed 60(62.5%). Moreover, the result also showed parasitic infections of helminthes were associated with associated predisposing factors. Concluding remarks and recommendations: In this study the overall prevalence of helminthic infections was relatively lower. However the control and intervention of intestinal helminthic infections requires a constant provision of periodic deworming treatment and regular health educations regarding personal hygiene and environmental sanitations.
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Ambachew, Sintayehu, Muluneh Assefa, Yalewayker Tegegne, and Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke. "The Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Their Associated Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (November 20, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8855965.

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Background. Worldwide, more than one-sixth of the population is infected by intestinal parasites, of which the majority live in developing countries. On the other hand, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing over recent decades in developing countries. Patients with diabetes mellitus encountered impaired immunity and suffer from the consequences of infection particularly intestinal parasitic infection. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods and Materials. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital from February 15 to March 30, 2018. A total of 234 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. A 5-gram stool sample was collected to identify parasitic infection using a direct wet mount and formal-ether concentration technique. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. A p value of ≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result. In the current study, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection among diabetics was 45 (19.2%). The parasites identified in this study were Ascaris lumbricoides 15 (6.41%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 9 (3.85%), Hookworm 9 (3.85%), Schistosoma mansoni 7 (3%), Enterobius vermicularis 3 (1.3%), and Giardia lamblia 2 (0.9%). Poor educational background ( AOR = 3.62 ; 95% CI (1.038, 12.65); p = 0.043 ), poor hygiene and sanitation ( AOR = 4.67 ; 95% CI (1.82, 12.07); p = 0.001 ), and inappropriate latrine usage ( AOR = 5.41 ; 95% CI (1.43, 20.56); p = 0.013 ) were significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among diabetes mellitus patients was relatively high. There should be continued prevention, control, and management of intestinal parasitic infection in such a study population.
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Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, Hagos Zewde, Tesfahun Mekene, Aseer Manilal, Serawit Lakew, and Abinet Teshome. "Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites among Schoolchildren from Two Primary Schools in Rama Town, Northern Ethiopia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2020 (August 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5750891.

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Introduction. Worldwide, about 3.5 billion people are affected by intestinal parasitic infections, and the majority of them are children. A perusal of the literature indicates that in Ethiopia, nearly one-third of schoolchildren are found to be infected by some sort of intestinal parasites. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among schoolchildren in Rama town in Northern Ethiopia. Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among primary school children from two schools in Rama town during June 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to identify environmental, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors while stool specimens were collected and examined for parasites using direct wet smear with saline preparation. Data analysis was completed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 24 statistical software. Results. A total of 312 school children with a mean age of 11.3 years were included. Among them, 24.4% (76) were found to be positive for at least one of the parasites. The overall infection rate was the highest among the 10–14 age groups (26.7%). Females were predominantly infected (26.7%). Altogether, eight species of intestinal parasites were identified. The most predominant protozoan and helminths were E. histolytica/dispar (10.9%) and Schistosoma mansoni (7.4%), respectively, and infections were mostly mono-parasitic. Coinfections with two and three intestinal parasites were identified among 13 (4.2%, [13/302]) and 2 (0.6%, [2/302]) cases, respectively. Prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher among children who did not wash their hands regularly before meals (AOR: 2.30, CI: 1.32, 4.0, p < 0.001) and those who frequently swam in streams (AOR: 3.12, CI: 1.07, 9.08, p < 0.021). Conclusions. The study revealed a high prevalence of parasitic infection and inadequate personal hygiene practices like poor handwashing and also the habit of swimming by schoolchildren in contaminated water bodies, especially the study area. To minimize the burden caused by parasitic infection, periodic deworming programs and health education should be provided to enhance the awareness of concerned participants are also warranted.
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Sylla, Khadime, Souleye Lelo, Cheikh Binetou Fall, et al. "Epidemiological Profile of Intestinal Protozoan Infection in Dakar, Senegal: Results from Hospital-Based Survey." Journal of Parasite Research 1, no. 3 (2022): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2690-6759.jpar-22-4382.

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Background Intestinal parasitic infections, especially intestinal protozoan parasites remain significant public health problem in Senegal. Several studies have demonstrated the endemicity of the diseases. The study was carried out with the objective of assessing the epidemiolocal profile of intestinal protozoan infection diagnosed among patients attending to Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Materials and Method A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2020. Samples were collected from patients attending to the laboratory for parasitological confirmation. Fresh stool samples were observed using direct examination, formal-ether concentration method and modified Zeilh Nielsen staining method. Descriptive analysis was performed using Stata MP 16 software. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Among 3825 patients selected in the study, 1009 were found with at least one intestinal protozoan parasite representing an overall prevalence of 26.4% (CI 95% (24.7– 28)). Mono-parasitic and di-parasitic infection represent 81.6% and 18.2% respectively while polyparasitism was observed in 26 patients representing 2,6%. Among positive samples, 16 (8.7%) were associated with helminths. Blastocystis sp. (40.8%), Entamoeba Coli (38.2%), Endolimax nana (8.2%) and Giardia intestinalis (8.1%) were mainly observed. Trophozoites Entamoeba histolytica was observed with 2.3%. Frequency of intestinal protozoa was higher in the 15 – 30 age group (28.3%) and in male group (26.9%). The parasite carriage was most important during the wet season comparing the dry season (p = 0.65). Asymptomatic patients (29.5%) were more infected than symptomatic patients (23.5%) (p <10-3). The main clinical symptoms were diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysenteric syndrome, fever, dyspeptic disorders, and vomiting. Conclusion These results showed that intestinal protozoan infections remain prevalent in Senegal with a high proportion of asymptomatic who constitute an important reservoir of parasites. Effective control strategies such as water supply, hands washing, and mass deworming campaign could reduce the prevalence of these diseases.
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