Academic literature on the topic 'Intestine'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intestine"
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Jaya, J. N., S. Novelina, J. Pamungkas, and Nurhidayat. "Morphological Characteristics of the Intestine of Cemani Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1359, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1359/1/012084.
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Abstract This study was conducted with aim to tend out morphology of small intestine and large intestine of Cemani chicken at macroscopic and microscopic levels stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). Samples were taken from intestines of three cemani chickens. The results showed that the length of the small and large intestine was 96.73±6.82 cm. The color of small intestine of the Cemani chicken was not completely black. The microscopic of intestinal wall were composed of four layers, tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. Melanin pigment is distributed in the lamina propria of the mucosa of the large intestine, tunica submucosa of the large intestine, tunica muscularis of the ileum and large intestine, and throughout the intestinal serosa. In addition, melanin pigment is found around the blood vessels and bursa Fabricius.
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Borkovcova, Marie, Vladimir Fiser, Martina Bednarova, Zdenek Havlicek, Anna Adámková, Jiri Mlcek, Tunde Jurikova, Stefan Balla, and Martin Adámek. "Effect of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Red Fox Intestine on the Prevalence of Its Intestinal Parasites." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020343.
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The aim of this study was (i) to compare levels of accumulated heavy metals in the fox intestines with and without parasites. Moreover, our research also dealt with (ii) examination of the relationship between heavy metal content in fox intestines and between the presence of fox intestinal parasites. The intestines of 34 hunter-killed foxes were dissected to detect the occurrence of parasites. In 15 intestinal samples, parasitic intestinal helminths were found. Heavy metal content in small intestine tissue and in parasites was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The prevalence of parasites was significantly dependent on Cd content in the host’s small intestine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the authors suggest that parasites are sensitive to Cd levels; their prevalence in the intestines of the fox host decreases to zero with increasing Cd content.
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Kunisawa, Jun, Yosuke Kurashima, Morio Higuchi, Masashi Gohda, Izumi Ishikawa, Ikuko Ogahara, Namju Kim, Miki Shimizu, and Hiroshi Kiyono. "Small and large intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes show distinct dependency on sphingosine 1-phosphate (42.11)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.42.11.
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Abstract It is known that the composition of intraepithelial T lymphocyte (IEL) differs between small and large intestines, but the mechanism underlying that difference remains obscure. Here, we show that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a key role in regulating intestinal IEL trafficking into the small and large intestines. High levels of type 1 S1P receptor (S1P1) expression was noted on naïve IELs expressing CD4 or CD8αβ, which leads to their preferential migration into the large intestine. In contrast, recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), double-positive thymocytes, and double-negative thymic T cell-committed precursors use S1P-independent trafficking pathway into the intestine. The former two populations exclusively migrate into the small intestine, while the latter double-negative thymic T cell-committed precursors migrate into both the small and large intestines. Hence, down-regulation of S1P1 expression inhibited naïve IEL migration into the intestines but did not affect the migration of thymic IEL precursors. These data are the first to demonstrate that a lipid-mediated system determines whether IELs migrate to the small or large intestine.
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Hafid, Harapin, Nuraini Nuraini, Dian Agustina, Fitrianingsih Fitrianingsih, and Inderawati Inderawati. "Effect of Chicken Intestine Substitution to Chemical Quality of Nugget." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 19, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2017.19.3.615.
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This research was aimed to study the chemical quality of the chicken nuggets substituted chicken intestine. The treatment was substitution of chicken meat with chicken intestine consisting of five levels was A0 (0% chicken intestine + 100% chicken meat), A1 (15% chicken intestine + 85% chicken meat), A2 (25% chicken intestine + 75% chicken meat ), A3 (40% chicken intestine + 60% chicken meat), A4 (50% chicken intestine + 50% chicken meat), A5 (65% chicken intestine + 35% chicken meat), A6 (75% chicken intestine + 25% chicken meat), A7 (90% chicken intestine + 10% chicken meat), and A8 (100% chicken intestine + 0% chicken meat). Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the water content and ash substituted chicken nuggets chicken intestines were not significantly different (p> 0.05). water content of chicken nuggets in this study was A0 (99.8%), A1 (99.8%), A2 (99.8%), A3 (99.8%), A4 (99.8%), A5 (99.9%), A6 (99.9%), A7 (99.7%), and A8 (99.8%). Ash content on A0 (2.61%), A1 (1.61%), A2 (2.90%), A3 (1.80%), A4 (2.23%), A5 (2.84% ), A6 (2.62%), A7 (2.39%), and A8 (2.26%). Intestine substitution into the chicken nuggets significant (p <0, 05) against the protein and fat content of chicken nuggets, where the highest protein content in treatment A8 (100% chicken intestine) was 24.9% and the lowest in treatment A0 (100% chicken meat) that is 11.33%. The greater increase in the nugget chicken intestinal waste, the higher the protein content. Meanwhile nugget fat content tends to decrease as the percentage of the addition of chicken intestinal waste. Fat content nuggets with chicken intestinal waste substitution of 15% (A1) amounted to 21.85% , 25% (A2) of 20.56% , 40% (A3) of 19.09%, 50% (A4) of 18.14, 65% (A5) of 17.03%, 75% (A6) of 15.69%, 90% (A7) of 14.11%, and 100% (A8) 11.00% house-cleaning da significantly (p <0.05) with control of 0% (A0) 23.93%. The more the addition of substitution intestinal produce low-fat nugget. Can be concluded that substitution of chicken intestine increase the protein and lower fat content of chicken nuggets. Nugget product with composition 50% chicken intestine and 50% chicken meat (A4) has water content 99,8%, 17,58%, protein, 18,14% abu2.23% fat and preferred by the panelists.
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Mun, Jeongwon, Whan Hur, and Nam-On Ku. "Roles of Keratins in Intestine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148051.
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Keratins make up a major portion of epithelial intermediate filament proteins. The widely diverse keratins are found in both the small and large intestines. The human intestine mainly expresses keratins 8, 18, 19, and 20. Many of the common roles of keratins are for the integrity and stability of the epithelial cells. The keratins also protect the cells and tissue from stress and are biomarkers for some diseases in the organs. Although an increasing number of studies have been performed regarding keratins, the roles of keratin in the intestine have not yet been fully understood. This review focuses on discussing the roles of keratins in the intestine. Diverse studies utilizing mouse models and samples from patients with intestinal diseases in the search for the association of keratin in intestinal diseases have been summarized.
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Ptaszyńska, Aneta A., and Marek Gancarz. "Microsporidiosis Causing Necrotic Changes in the Honeybee Intestine." Applied Sciences 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2023): 4957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13084957.
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Background: Microsporidia from the Nosema (Vairimorpha) genus are pathogenic fungi that complete their life cycle in the honeybee intestine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the course of infection on the viability of honeybee intestine cells. Methods and Results: Intestines isolated from healthy and N. ceranae-infected honeybees were stained using two dyes, SYTO 9 and propidium iodide, and analyzed under an Axiovert 200M fluorescence microscope immediately after the isolation of the intestines. The ImageJ program was used for the quantitative analysis of the cell structure parameters. Our study demonstrated for the first time that healthy bees have a higher number of live cells in their intestines than infected bees, and that the intestines of N. ceranae-infected honeybees contain dead cells concentrated in spots. The results obtained for these two cases differed significantly, and were confirmed by statistical tests. Conclusions: The intestines of infected honeybees contain dead cells concentrated in red/dead spots, which can lead to necrotic changes, the interruption of the host’s intestinal continuity, intestinal leaking and the increased mortality of the host.
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Costa, Marcello, Timothy James Hibberd, Lauren J. Keightley, Lukasz Wiklendt, John W. Arkwright, Philip G. Dinning, Simon J. H. Brookes, and Nick J. Spencer. "Neural motor complexes propagate continuously along the full length of mouse small intestine and colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 318, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): G99—G108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2019.
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Cyclical propagating waves of muscle contraction have been recorded in isolated small intestine or colon, referred to here as motor complexes (MCs). Small intestinal and colonic MCs are neurogenic, occur at similar frequencies, and propagate orally or aborally. Whether they can be coordinated between the different gut regions is unclear. Motor behavior of whole length mouse intestines, from duodenum to terminal rectum, was recorded by intraluminal multisensor catheter. Small intestinal MCs were recorded in 27/30 preparations, and colonic MCs were recorded in all preparations ( n = 30) with similar frequencies (0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.02 counts/min, respectively). MCs propagated across the ileo-colonic junction in 10/30 preparations, forming “full intestine” MCs. The cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine increased the probability of a full intestine MC but had no significant effect on frequency, speed, or direction. Nitric oxide synthesis blockade by Nω-nitro-l-arginine, after physostigmine, increased MC frequency in small intestine only. Hyoscine-resistant MCs were recorded in the colon but not small intestine ( n = 5). All MCs were abolished by hexamethonium ( n = 18) or tetrodotoxin ( n = 2). The enteric neural mechanism required for motor complexes is present along the full length of both the small and large intestine. In some cases, colonic MCs can be initiated in the distal colon and propagate through the ileo-colonic junction, all the way to duodenum. In conclusion, the ileo-colonic junction provides functional neural continuity for propagating motor activity that originates in the small or large intestine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intraluminal manometric recordings revealed motor complexes can propagate antegradely or retrogradely across the ileo-colonic junction, spanning the entire small and large intestines. The fundamental enteric neural mechanism(s) underlying cyclic motor complexes exists throughout the length of the small and large intestine.
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Lozano, Luis-Fernando, Arthur A. Bickford, Anthony E. Castro, Joyce Swartzman-Andert, Richard Chin, Carol Meteyer, George Cooper, Bruce Reynolds, and Rosa Lynn Manalac. "Association of Reoviridae Particles in an Enteric Syndrome of Poults Observed in Turkey Flocks during 1988." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 1, no. 3 (July 1989): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063878900100311.
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An enteric syndrome of turkey poults, characterized by enteritis, crop mycosis, intestinal changes (pale, thin-walled ballooning with watery contents), and rickets, occurred during 1988 in 74 turkey flocks from different farms belonging to 9 California turkey growers. The flocks ranged in size from 9,000 to 120,000 birds. Pools of intestine sections from 618 birds, representing 78 field cases, were examined. Histopathological examination of the intestines showed a mild to severe atrophy with a reduced depth of crypts, which was more prominent in the distal part of the small intestine. Viral isolation attempts with primary cell cultures of chicken embryo kidney cells were negative. Examination by electron microscopy of negatively stained intestinal specimens revealed the presence of Reoviridae particles of 58.8 to 80 nm in diameter. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on the intestinal pools for mammalian and group A avian rotaviruses were negative. A statistically significant relationship was found for the presence of Reoviridae particles in the intestines of 10-21-day-old birds. Of the 7 most common pathological conditions analyzed, 2, rickets and intestinal changes (thin-walled ballooning intestine with watery contents), showed a statistically significant association with the presence of Reoviridae particles.
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Sulyma, Volodymyr, and Olena Sulima. "Crohn's Disease – Disease for Immunologists, Proctologists, Gastroenterologists or Rheumatologists?" Eurasia Proceedings of Health, Environment and Life Sciences 5 (August 5, 2022): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/ephels.56.
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Crohn's Disease (CD) most commonly affects the terminal portion of the small intestine and the large intestine. CD can also affect any other part of the gastrointestinal tract, from mouth to anus. Inflammation of the intestines is usually not continuous, areas inflammation (foci of inflamed bowel) interspersed with normal areas intestines (segmental lesion). Depending on the severity of the inflammation the inner layer of the intestinal wall (mucosa) may turn red (erythematous) and swollen (edematous) with ulcers of different sizes and shapes (aphthae’s, superficial, deep, longitudinal), and the mucous membrane can have the appearance of a "cobblestone pavement". These lesions extend throughout the thickness intestinal wall and can lead to complications such as stenosis of the intestinal lumen and / or germination in other organs (penetration), resulting in abscesses (infiltration of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity) or fistulas (channels that connect the intestinal cavity with the skin or neighboring organs, for example, the bladder, or with other intestinal loops and through which they enters the contents of the intestine). In addition, in a significant number of patients, CD can affect various parts of the body outside the digestive tract, usually the skin, joints, and eyes.These extra-intestinal manifestations may also occur before the development of typical intestinal symptoms of CD (see below), and sometimes they cause more anxiety and more difficult to treat than intestinal symptoms.
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Nepomnyashchy, Valentin, Tamara Tamm, Ivan Mamontov, Olena Shakalova, Konstantin Kramarenko, and Andrey Ustinov6. "Histological Changes in the Intestinal Wall in Experimental Obstructive Ileus: Experimental Animal Study." Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences 14, no. 04 (May 5, 2025): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.47310/jpms2025140409.
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Background: Patients with obstructive bowel obstruction often develop severe infections, which can lead to death in 45-88% of cases. These complications are thought to be caused by bacteria in the intestine. However, treatments that affect these bacteria have not helped to reduce the number of complications. It is important to find other possible sources of infection in intestinal obstruction. The experiment was done to study how the intestinal wall changes during 48 hours of obstruction. Methods: The experiment was conducted on 13 white rats. The animals were separated into two groups. In the first (control) group, 5 rats experienced a laparotomy (abdominal incision) without affecting the intestines. In the second group, eight rats had their small intestine ligated after laparotomy to cause a complete blockage. Then the abdomen was sutured and after a specific time, the intestines were examined after 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Results: The results showed no changes in the control group. The histological examination revealed that the average thickness of the intestinal mucosa was 0.48±0.02 mm and the muscle layer was 0.92±0.02 mm. Healthy enterocytes with a clear structure were observed. In the group with intestinal obstruction, after 12 hours, the intestine dilated to 6-9 mm above the obstruction site and fluid appeared in the abdominal cavity. After 48 hours, the intestine became 2.5 times wider, blue-purple in colour and cloudy in fluid. The study showed that there were no changes in the control group. However, in the group with obstructive obstruction, purulent inflammation of the intestine began within 12 hours. It first appeared on the mucous membrane because the protective layer of the villi was damaged. Then, the inflammation spreads to the muscle and serous layers. Inflammation happened not only at the place of the blockage but also in the part of the intestine above it. Conclusions: The source of purulent complications in intestinal obstruction involves both intestinal microbes and structural damage to the bowel wall above the blockage. These findings underscore the need for early surgical intervention and strategies to protect the intestinal barrier, not just target the microbiota.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intestine"
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Santos, Fernanda Faquim. "Avaliação de Imunomarcação de COX-2 em Carcinomas Intestinais Caninos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154162.
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Previous issue date: 2018-05-07<br>Devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida dos animais de estimação, o aparecimento de neoplasias tem se tornado uma importante afecção na Medicina Veterinária. As neoplasias gastrointestinais de cães são pouco diagnosticadas e sua etiologia é desconhecida. As localizações mais frequentes são o jejuno, cólon e reto. Objetivou-se avaliar a Cox-2 por meio de imunohistoquímica e a intensidade de PAS positivo nas amostras de intestinos de cães saudáveis (GS) e com neoplasia (GN). As neoplasias foram classificadas por análise histopatológica. As diferenças foram significativas quando P<0.05 (testes não paramétricos). Nas amostras neoplásicas observou-se imunodetecção acentuada de COX-2, quando comparadas aos cães saudáveis, com diferenças significativas entre os grupos. O mesmo ocorreu para a intensidade de PAS, onde se observou diminuição do número de células caliciformes e aumento na produção de muco nas amostras neoplásicas, enquanto nas amostras saudáveis observou-se marcação intensa nas células caliciformes. Com isso pode-se concluir que a COX está envolvida na capacidade do tumor evadir as defesas do sistema imunológico. Apesar da relação entre o processo inflamatório, mais especificamente o papel das prostaglandinas, e o desenvolvimento e propagação tumoral ser bastante claro, ainda muito se têm a ser esclarecido.<br>Due to the increase in the life expectancy of the pets, the appearance of neoplasias has become an important affection in the Veterinary Medicine. Gastrointestinal neoplasms of dogs are poorly diagnosed and their etiology is unknown. The most frequent locations are jejunum, colon and rectum. The objective of this study was to evaluate Cox-2 by means of immunohistochemistry and the positive PAS intensity in intestinal samples from healthy dogs (GS) and neoplasia (GN). The neoplasms were classified by histopathological analysis. The differences were significant when P <0.05 (non-parametric tests). In the neoplastic samples, marked COX-2 immunodetection was observed when compared to healthy dogs, with significant differences between groups. The same was observed for PAS intensity, where a decrease in the number of goblet cells and an increase in the mucus production were observed in the neoplastic samples, while in the healthy samples intense marking was observed in the goblet cells. With this we can conclude that COX is involved in the ability of the tumor to evade the defenses of the immune system. Although the relationship between the inflammatory process, more specifically the role of prostaglandins, and tumor development and propagation is very clear, much remains to be elucidated.
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Baraille, Marylou. "Changes in the large intestinal microbial ecosystem, epithelial integrity and inflammation in horses with age : how to promote healthy ageing through diet ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK091.
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Les chevaux vivent plus longtemps qu’avant. Le vieillissement entraîne des changements dans l’organisme pouvant causer des pathologies. L’alimentation est un levier majeur pour favoriser un vieillissement en bonne santé. Pour proposer des recommandations nutritionnelles promouvant le vieillissement sain, il était important d’étudier les changements de l’écosystème microbien du gros intestin avec l’âge et leurs impacts sur l’épithélium du gros intestin et l’inflammation. Nos résultats ont montré que les communautés bactériennes des chevaux âgés étaient réarrangées par rapport à celles des chevaux adultes, mais toujours riches et diversifiées lorsqu’ils étaient en bonne santé. Cela leur permettait d’être résilients face à des stress raisonnables, comme l’administration d’un anthelmintique. De plus, leurs capacités à dégrader les fibres pariétales et à absorber les nutriments étaient respectivement augmentées et similaires à celles des chevaux adultes sains. Cela pourrait contribuer au maintien de leur santé au cours du vieillissement. Malgré un écosystème microbien efficace, ils présentaient une perméabilité épithéliale accrue et une inflammation plus élevée que les chevaux adultes sains. D’une part, ces résultats ont suggéré que les relations entre les trois piliers du triptyque - communautés bactériennes, épithélium intestinal et inflammation - étaient complexes et probablement bidirectionnelles. D’autre part, l’équilibre du triptyque apparaissait plus fragile chez les chevaux âgés, même sains, que chez les chevaux adultes sains. La distribution d’un régime préservant l’équilibre du triptyque est essentielle tout au long de la vie d’un cheval pour favoriser son vieillissement en bonne santé. Néanmoins, nos résultats ont montré que les changements d’écosystème microbien pouvant déséquilibrer le triptyque et conduire au développement de pathologies avaient de grandes chances de survenir entre 16 et 20 ans. Cibler cette tranche d’âge offre donc la possibilité, même aux propriétaires qui acquièrent un cheval ayant un âge avancé, de trouver d’éventuels déséquilibres et d’agir en conséquence pour orienter la trajectoire vers un vieillissement sain, par exemple grâce à l’apport de fibres hautement digestibles<br>Horses are living longer than ever. Ageing brings with it changes in the body that can lead to pathologies. Nutrition is a major lever promoting healthy ageing. In order to propose nutritional recommendations to promote healthy ageing, it was important to study the changes in the microbial ecosystem of the large intestine with age and its effect on the large intestine epithelium and inflammation. Our results showed that elderly horses had bacterial communities that were rearranged compared to those of adult horses, but still rich and diverse when they were healthy. This allowed them to be resilient in the face of reasonable stress, such as the administration of an anthelmintic. In addition, their abilities to degrade parietal fibres and absorb nutrients were respectively increased and similar to that of healthy adult horses. This could help to maintain their health during ageing. Despite having an efficient microbial ecosystem, they showed increased epithelial permeability and inflammation compared to healthy adult horses. Firstly, these results suggested that the relationships between the three pillars of the triptych - bacterial communities, intestinal epithelium and inflammation - were complex and probably bidirectional. Secondly, the balance of the triptych appeared to be more fragile in elderly horses, even healthy ones, than in healthy adult horses. Providing a diet that maintains the balance of the triptych throughout a horse's life is essential to promote healthy ageing. Nevertheless, our results showed that the changes in the microbial ecosystem that can unbalance the triptych and lead to the development of pathologies were most likely to occur between the ages of 16 and 20. Targeting this age group therefore provides an opportunity, even for owners who acquire a horse at an advanced age, to identify any imbalances and act accordingly to steer the trajectory towards healthy ageing, for example by providing highly digestible fibre
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Lima, Glaucia Carielo. "Efeito dos oligossacarídeos FOS e GOS na microbiota intestinal e no pH do conteúdo cecal de ratas Wistar em desenvolvimento." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255060.
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Orientador: Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:43:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Muitos estudos tem demonstrado que o consumo acumulado de galactooligossacarídeo (GOS) e frutooligossacarídeo (FOS) pode trazer benefícios significativos para a saúde, relacionados com a sua resistência à digestão, sendo utilizados como substrato pelas bactérias intestinais, em especial as bifidobactérias. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de alteração de pH e microbiota (contagem de Bifidobacterium e Lactobacillus) no intestino grosso de ratas Wistar após o consumo dos oligossacarídeos não digeríveis (ONDs) FOS e GOS. Foram confeccionadas quatro dietas baseadas na AIN93G para roedores utilizando os ONDs em substituição parcial à sacarose para os grupos experimentais. Desta forma, o experimento contou com quatro grupos experimentais, sendo: grupo Controle, grupo FOS, grupo GOS e grupo FOS + GOS. O ensaio biológico contou com 32 animais divididos em grupos de 8 animais cada, mantidos em gaiolas separadas, sob ciclo claro/escuro de 12 horas, com temperatura e umidade controladas, durante o período de 90 dias. O consumo de dieta e o ganho de peso foram monitorados. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados por decapitação, seu ceco retirado para coleta de material para análises posteriores de pH e microbiota intestinal. A análise de pH foi realizada por meio de peagômetro digital (TEC 5MP, Tecnal) e a análise de microbiota, a partir de diluições do conteúdo fecal e inoculação em meios de cultura específicos. Todas as placas foram incubadas em câmaras de anaerobiose contendo sistema gerador de anaerobiose Anaerogen (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, Hampshire, England) durante 24 - 48 horas a 37°C. Os resultados foram e xpressos na forma do logaritmo decimal das unidades formadoras de colônia/g material (Log10 UFC). Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o software GraphPad Prism 5.0. A análise de variância (ANOVA) foi realizada e os dados paramétricos foram analisados por meio do teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância e os não paramétricos por teste de Dunnett. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram um abaixamento do pH intestinal nos grupos que consumiram FOS e FOS + GOS e aumento da contagem de Bifidobacterium no conteúdo cecal dos grupos FOS, GOS e FOS + GOS e aumento de Lactobacillus dos grupos FOS e FOS + GOS<br>Abstract: Many studies have shown that consumption of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) can bring significant benefits to health. NDC are used as substrate by intestinal bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, as these compounds are resistance to digestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects in pH and microbiota (specifically for Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium growth) in the large intestine of Wistar rats after consumption of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) FOS and GOS. Four different diets were produced, based on the AIN93G formula for rodents, using NDOs in partial replacement of sucrose by prebiotics FOS and GOS for the experimental groups. Thus, the experiment had four experimental groups, as described: Control group, FOS group, GOS group and FOS + GOS group. For the 'in vivo¿ experiment, the 32 animals were divided into groups of 8 animals each. The rats were kept in separate cages under light / dark cycles of 12 hours, with controlled temperature and humidity during 90 days. The diet consumption and weight gain were monitored. At the end of the experiment, the animals were killed by decapitation, their cecum removed to collect material for further analysis of pH and intestinal microbiota. The pH analysis was performed using digital pH meter (TEC 5MP Tecnal) and analysis of microbiota from dilutions of fecal contents and inoculation on specific culture media. All plates were incubated in anaerobic chambers containing anaerobic generation system Anaerogen (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, Hampshire, England) for 24-48 hours at 37 °C. The results were expressed as the logarithm of colony forming units / g material (Log10 CFU). For statistical analysis, GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and parametric data were analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance and the nonparametric by Dunnett's test. The results showed a lowering of intestinal pH in the groups consuming FOS and FOS + GOS and increased count of Bifidobacterium in the cecal contents of the groups FOS, GOS and FOS + GOS and increase of Lactobacillus in the groups FOS and FOS + GOS<br>Mestrado<br>Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos<br>Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Tamoutounour, Samira. "Origine et fonction des cellules dendritiques, des monocytes et des macrophages de la peau et de l'intestin." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4023.
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Les plus grandes interfaces avec l'environnement extérieur sont la peau, et les muqueuses gastro-intestinales. Ces barrières, sont constamment menacées par des attaques physico-chimiques ou par des tentatives d'invasion de micro-organismes. Les phagocytes mononucléés qui comprennent les DCs, les monocytes et les macrophages et sont issus de la lignée myéloïde possèdent des propriétés distinctes de phagocytose de pathogènes et de cellules apoptotiques, d'apprêtement des antigènes et de présentation de ces derniers aux lymphocytes T. d'activation. La distinction de ces différentes cellules est un enjeu majeur pour la compréhension des mécanismes de la réponse immune et pour sa modulation dans des buts thérapeutiques. En utilisant des marqueurs cellulaires Ly-6C, CD64 et ainsi que le fait que les monocytes dépendent du récepteur de chimiomokine CCR2 pour émigrer de la moelle osseuse et les DCs de l'engagement du récepteur Flt3, nous avons montré pour la première fois qu'il existe dans la peau et l'intestin une cascade de différenciation qui conduit à des monocytes et des macrophages tissulaires et est distincte de celle donnant naissance aux DCs. Nous avons ensuite étudié le comportement de ces cellules dans une inflammation stérile dans la peau médiée par le DNFB (dinitrofluorobenzène) et dans une maladie inflammatoire de l'intestin (IBD) et montré que leurs capacités de migration vers les ganglions lymphatiques et de présentation antigénique à des lymphocytes T sont dépendantes du modèle utilisé. Cette déconvolution des populations tissulaires de cellules monuclées nous permet ainsi de disséquer le rôle de chacun de ces acteurs lors de la réponse immune<br>The skin and the gastrointestinal mucosa that are the largest interfaces with the external environment. These barriers are the guardians of the body's integrity and are constantly threatened by physicochemical or microorganisms attacks. They have a dense network of effector cells dedicated to the defense of the body. Among them, mononuclear phagocytes which include DCs, monocytes and macrophages are all derived from the myeloid lineage and possess distinct properties of pathogens and apoptotic cells phagocytosis, antigens processing and presentation to T cells. However, DCs, monocytes and macrophages share common ancestry and functions and are hard to differentiate from each other in tissues and lymphoid organs. The distinction of these cells is a major challenge for understanding immune response's mechanisms and its modulation for therapeutic purposes.Using Ly-6C, CD64 and CCR2 as cell markers, as well as the CCR2 dependent emigration from bone marrow of monocytes and DCs dependency to Flt3-L, we have shown for the first time a cascade of monocytes differentiation, and separate populations of tissue monocytes, macrophages and DCs within the skin and the intestine. We then studied the behavior of these cells in a sterile skin inflammation mediated by DNFB (dinitrofluorobenzène) and in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and showed that their ability to migrate to lymph nodes and to present antigens to naïve T lymphocytes are model dependent. Disentangling those tissue populations allows us to dissect the role of each of these actors in the immune response
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Ashwood, Paul. "Microparticles and the intestine." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272223.
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Fragkos, K. "Citrulline and the intestine." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047511/.
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Citrulline, a non-protein amino acid, has been playing an important role in scientific research over the last few years. This thesis explores various aspects of citrulline with respect to intestinal disease, short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure. The first important finding was that citrulline as a term has been used at the end of the 19th century-beginning of the 20th century to describe an extract of the C. colocynthis, used as a subcutaneous laxative. Also, old sources have revealed that citrulline was first described as an amino acid by Koga and Ohtake (1914) and not by Wada (1930a). From the systematic review and meta-analysis, citrulline levels are strongly positively correlated with small bowel length in short bowel syndrome patients and strongly negatively correlated with intestinal disease severity with regards to enteropathies (coeliac disease, tropical enteropathy, mucositis, acute rejection in intestinal transplantation, but not Crohn’s disease). Citrulline cut-off levels have an overall sensitivity and specificity of 80% and citrulline levels compared to controls were reduced by 10 μmol/L. These findings suggest that citrulline is a marker of possible acute intestinal injury or intestinal insufficiency. Next, an original five-by-five cross-over study was designed (Williams design) comparing post-absorptive amino acid concentrations after challenges with citrulline, arginine, glutamine, 3-methyl-hisitidine and placebo. Citrulline was the most potent stimulator for all other amino acids, contrary to beliefs of glutamine challenges. Citrulline challenges could be useful in intestinal failure but also in liver failure where urea cycle pathways including glutamine, arginine and ornithine are implicated. The final study was an investigation of quality of life in short bowel syndrome patients. The quality of life scale is highly reliable in short bowel syndrome patients (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.700) and the main causes of low quality of life are fatigue, diarrhoea/increased stomal output, lack of sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, and muscle pains.
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Rothe, Monique. "Response of intestinal Escherichia coli to dietary factors in the mouse intestine." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6638/.
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Diet is a major force influencing the intestinal microbiota. This is obvious from drastic changes in microbiota composition after a dietary alteration. Due to the complexity of the commensal microbiota and the high inter-individual variability, little is known about the bacterial response at the cellular level. The objective of this work was to identify mechanisms that enable gut bacteria to adapt to dietary factors. For this purpose, germ-free mice monoassociated with the commensal Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 were fed three different diets over three weeks: a diet rich in starch, a diet rich in non-digestible lactose and a diet rich in casein. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry were applied to identify differentially expressed proteins of E. coli recovered from small intestine and caecum of mice fed the lactose or casein diets in comparison with those of mice fed the starch diet. Selected differentially expressed bacterial proteins were characterised in vitro for their possible roles in bacterial adaptation to the various diets. Proteins belonging to the oxidative stress regulon oxyR such as alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F (AhpF), DNA protection during starvation protein (Dps) and ferric uptake regulatory protein (Fur), which are required for E. coli’s oxidative stress response, were upregulated in E. coli of mice fed the lactose-rich diet. Reporter gene analysis revealed that not only oxidative stress but also carbohydrate-induced osmotic stress led to the OxyR-dependent expression of ahpCF and dps. Moreover, the growth of E. coli mutants lacking the ahpCF or oxyR genes was impaired in the presence of non-digestible sucrose. This indicates that some OxyR-dependent proteins are crucial for the adaptation of E. coli to osmotic stress conditions. In addition, the function of two so far poorly characterised E. coli proteins was analysed: 2 deoxy-D gluconate 3 dehydrogenase (KduD) was upregulated in intestinal E. coli of mice fed the lactose-rich diet and this enzyme and 5 keto 4 deoxyuronate isomerase (KduI) were downregulated on the casein-rich diet. Reporter gene analysis identified galacturonate and glucuronate as inducers of the kduD and kduI gene expression. Moreover, KduI was shown to facilitate the breakdown of these hexuronates, which are normally degraded by uronate isomerase (UxaC), altronate oxidoreductase (UxaB), altronate dehydratase (UxaA), mannonate oxidoreductase (UxuB) and mannonate dehydratase (UxuA), whose expression was repressed by osmotic stress. The growth of kduID-deficient E. coli on galacturonate or glucuronate was impaired in the presence of osmotic stress, suggesting KduI and KduD to compensate for the function of the regular hexuronate degrading enzymes under such conditions. This indicates a novel function of KduI and KduD in E. coli’s hexuronate metabolism. Promotion of the intracellular formation of hexuronates by lactose connects these in vitro observations with the induction of KduD on the lactose-rich diet. Taken together, this study demonstrates the crucial influence of osmotic stress on the gene expression of E. coli enzymes involved in stress response and metabolic processes. Therefore, the adaptation to diet-induced osmotic stress is a possible key factor for bacterial colonisation of the intestinal environment.<br>Sowohl Humanstudien als auch Untersuchungen an Tiermodellen haben gezeigt, dass die Ernährung einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zusammensetzung der Darmmikrobiota hat. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Mikrobiota und der inter individuellen Unterschiede sind die zellulären Mechanismen, die dieser Beobachtung zugrunde liegen, jedoch weitgehend unbekannt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war deshalb, Anpassungsmechanismen von kommensalen Darmbakterien auf unterschiedliche Ernährungsfaktoren mittels eines simplifizierten Modells zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden keimfreie Mäuse mit Escherichia coli MG1655 besiedelt und drei Wochen mit einer stärkehaltigen, einer laktosehaltigen oder einer kaseinhaltigen Diät gefüttert. Mittels zwei dimensionaler Gelelektrophorese und Elektrospray Ionenfallen-Massenspektrometrie wurde das Proteom der intestinalen E. coli analysiert und differentiell exprimierte bakterielle Proteine in Abhängigkeit der gefütterten Diät identifiziert. Die Funktion einiger ausgewählter Proteine bei der Anpassung von E. coli auf die jeweilige Diät wurde im Folgenden in vitro untersucht. E. coli Proteine wie z.B. die Alkylhydroperoxid Reduktase Untereinheit F (AhpF), das DNA Bindeprotein Dps und der eisenabhängige Regulator Fur, deren Expression unter der Kontrolle des Transkriptionsregulators OxyR steht, wurden stärker exprimiert, wenn die Mäuse mit der laktosehaltigen Diät gefüttert wurden. Reportergenanalysen zeigten, dass nicht nur oxidativer Stress, sondern auch durch Kohlenhydrate ausgelöster osmotischer Stress zu einer OxyR abhängigen Expression der Gene ahpCF and dps führte. Weiterhin wiesen E. coli Mutanten mit einer Deletion der ahpCF oder oxyR Gene ein vermindertes Wachstum in Gegenwart von nicht fermentierbarer Saccharose auf. Das spricht dafür, dass OxyR abhängige Proteine eine wichtige Rolle bei der Anpassung von E. coli an osmotischen Stress spielen. Weiterhin wurde die Funktion von zwei bisher wenig charakterisierten E. coli Proteinen untersucht: die 2 Deoxy D Glukonate 3 Dehydrogenase (KduD) wurde im Darm von Mäusen, die mit der laktosehaltigen Diät gefüttert wurden, induziert, während dieses Protein und die 5 Keto 4 Deoxyuronate Isomerase (KduI) nach Fütterung der kaseinhaltigen Diät herunterreguliert wurden. Mittels Reportergenanalysen wurde gezeigt, dass Galakturonat und Glukuronat die kduD und kduI Expression induzierten. KduI begünstigte die Umsetzung dieser Hexuronate. In E. coli wird die Umsetzung von Galakturonat und Glukuronat typischerweise von den Enzymen Uronate Isomerase (UxaC), Altronate Oxidoreduktase (UxaB), Altronate Dehydratase (UxaA), Mannonate Oxidoreduktase (UxuB) und Mannonate Dehydratase (UxuA) katalysiert. Weitere Experimente verdeutlichten, dass osmotischer Stress die Expression der Gene uxaCA, uxaB und uxuAB verminderte. Darüber hinaus zeigten kduID defiziente E. coli Mutanten in Gegenwart von Galakturonat oder Glukuronat und durch Saccharose ausgelösten osmotischen Stress eine Verlangsamung des Wachstums. Das deutet darauf hin, dass KduI und KduD die durch osmotischen Stress bedingten Funktionseinschränkungen der regulären hexuronatabbauenden Enzyme kompensieren. Die beobachtete Bildung von intrazellulären Hexuronaten während des Laktosekatabolismus in vitro stellt eine Verbindung zu dem ursprünglichen Tierexperiment her und deutet darauf hin, dass der Ernährungsfaktor Laktose die Verfügbarkeit von Hexuronat für intestinale E. coli beeinflusst. Diese Studie weist somit den Einfluss von osmotischem Stress auf die Expression von OxyR abhängigen Genen, die für Stressantwortproteine sowie für metabolische Enzymen kodieren, in E. coli nach. Durch Nahrungsfaktoren entstandener osmotischer Stress stellt demnach einen entscheidenden Faktor für die bakterielle Kolonisation des Darmes dar.
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Johnson, Andrew M. F. "The characterisation of intestinal dendritic cells and the control of immune responses towards the microbiota." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:14284c3c-1aa4-4125-ad31-e74ded4e75bc.
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Dendritic cells (DCs) are regulators of the immune response and are thought to be critical in maintaining tolerance towards the intestinal microbiota. Recent data have identified distinct subsets of DCs with specific functional properties. The objective of this thesis was to further define CD103⁺ and CX3CR1⁺ DCs in the intestine and to determine how DCs and regulatory T (Treg) cell responses are influenced by the microbiota. Using multicolour flow cytometry, we identified two CD103⁺ DC subsets with differential aldehyde dehydgrogenase (ALDH) activity and two populations of CX3CR1⁺ cells. In the mesenteric lymph node CD103⁺ALDH⁺ DCs were highly mature (CD86<sup>hi</sup>, MHCII<sup>hi</sup>), likely migratory (CCR7⁺) and enhanced Treg cell induction compared with ALDH⁻ DCs. CX3CR1<sup>int</sup> cells accumulated during bacterially-induced colitis suggesting a pro-inflammatory role whereas CX3CR1<sup>hi</sup> cells were associated with the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 during homeostasis. We also assessed the generation of CD103⁺ DCs from bone marrow progenitors. Although only small proportions of CD103⁺ DCs were detected in culture with FLT3L or GM-CSF alone, the combination of FLT3L and GM-CSF induced CD103⁺ DCs with a phenotype similar to those found in the small intestine. Using this system we showed that TLR ligands and retinoic acid induce ALDH enzyme activity in vitro. In order to assess how DCs and Treg cells respond to changes in the microbiota we employed broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment to deplete endogenous bacteria and also analyzed the impact of colonization with the model organism Helicobacter hepaticus. Interestingly, we did not detect alterations in the proportions of different DC subsets following antibiotic treatment or H. hepaticus infection. However, using a novel FoxP3<sup>huCD2</sup>-IL-10<sup>GFP</sup> reporter mouse, we found that IL-10 production by Treg cells was ablated following antibiotic treatment and significantly elevated following H. hepaticus infection. Preliminary investigation of the mechanism underlying this effect suggests a role for IL-27. In summary, this thesis provides further detail on the phenotype of intestinal DCs and shows that Treg cell IL-10 production is sensitive to the composition of the microbiota.
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PAULINO, Barbara Costa. "Consequências do uso de soro de leite de cabra sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, morfologia e microbiota fecal de ratas e filhotes jovens alimentados com dieta ocidentalizada desde a vida perinatal." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18453.
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Previous issue date: 2016-05-20<br>CNPQ<br>A dieta ocidentalizada, rica em lipídeos, açúcar, sódio e alimentos processados e ultra
processados tem sido apontada como um dos mais relevantes fatores associados ao excesso de
peso/obesidade, comorbidades e distúrbios fisio-metabólicos observados em estudos
epidemiológicos e experimentais em animais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os
efeitos do soro de leite de cabra sobre o estado nutricional, microbiota, histologia intestinal e
parâmetros bioquímicos de ratas e filhotes alimentados com dieta ocidentalizada. Foram
utilizados 8 machos e 24 fêmeas da linhagem Wistar (da colônia do Departamento de
Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco) para o acasalamento dos animais. Ratas
gestantes foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais de acordo com a dieta: Controle ou
Ocidentalizada e a suplementação ou não com soro de leite de cabra. Evolução ponderal e
consumo alimentar das ratas seguiram por todo experimento. Ao desmame, as ratas e metade
da prole de machos de cada ninhada foram eutanasiados para análise dos parâmetros
bioquímicos, histologia intestinal, micro-organismos fecais. Metade dos filhotes foi submetida
aos mesmos acompanhamentos e eutanasiados aos 45 dias de vida. A suplementação com soro
de leite de cabra modificou poucos parâmetros nas ratas com exceção da alteração da
quantidade de lactobacilos totais, que nos grupos controles com solução salina apresentaram
uma média de 7,34±0,08 log.UFC/g-1 e 6,43±0,31 log.UFC/g-1 e no suplementado 7,79±0,30
log.UFC/g-1 e 6,94±0,45 log.UFC/g-1 para ratas com dieta ocidentalizada e padrão,
respectivamente. Nos filhotes, a suplementação com soro de leite de cabra promoveu redução
no ganho de peso e dos depósitos de gordura abdominal, alteração bioquímica, aumentou em
15% a contagem de lactobacilos e em 13% as enterobactérias. Além disso, minimizou o
desgaste de células intestinais, limitando o processo inflamatório observado nos alimentados
com dieta ocidentalizada. Dessa forma, pode-se sugerir que o soro de leite teve potencial
efeito na microbiota fecal e morfologia intestinal, e que esses efeitos parecem depender da
idade e do período de suplementação.<br>The westernized diet rich in fat, sugar, sodium and processed foods and processed ultra has
been identified as one of the most important factors associated with overweight / obesity,
comorbidities, and physiological and metabolic disorders observed in epidemiological and
experimental studies in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of serum
of goat milk on the nutritional status, microbiota, intestinal histology and biochemical
parameters of rats and offispring fed westernized diet. Were used 8 male and 24 female
Wistar (the colony of the Department of Nutrition at the Federal University of Pernambuco)
for mating of animals. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups according to the diet:
control or Westernized and supplemented or not with serum from goat milk. weight gain and
food consumption of rats followed throughout the experiment. At weaning, rats, half male
offspring in each litter were sacrificed for analysis of biochemical parameters, intestinal
histology, faecal micro-organisms. Half of the pups was subjected to the same
accompaniments and euthanized at 45 days of life. Supplementation with goat whey modified
few parameters in rats with the exception of changing the amount of total lactobacilli that in
control groups with saline had a mean of 7,34 ± 0,08 log.UFC/g-1 and 6, 43 ± 0,31 log.UFC/g1
and supplemented 7,79±0,30 log.UFC/g-1 and 6,94 ± 0,45 log.UFC/g-1 to rats with
westernized diet and standard, respectively. In puppies, supplementation with goat whey
promoted reduction of 200% in weight gain and deposits of abdominal fat, biochemical
change, increased by 15% to lactobacillus count and 13% enterobacteria. In addition,
minimized wear of intestinal cells by limiting the inflammatory process observed in fed
westernized diet. Thus, it can be suggested that the whey had potential effect on fecal
microbiota and intestinal morphology, and that these effects appear to depend on the age and
supplementation period.
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Milard, Marine. "Effets métaboliques des lipides polaires laitiers : mécanismes associés à la régulation de la barrière intestinale et effets spécifiques de la sphingomyéline in vitro." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1007.
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Les lipides polaires (LP) laitiers (~2% des lipides du lait) présentent un potentiel bioactif élevé, notamment lié à leur richesse en sphingomyéline (SM, ~25% des LP). Nos hypothèses sont que les LP laitiers peuvent exercer certains de leurs effets bénéfiques par l'intermédiaire de la SM, notamment sur l'intégrité de la barrière intestinale et le microbiote, ce qui pourrait contribuer à réduire l'inflammation métabolique. Nous avons testé à long terme in vivo l'impact de régimes hyperlipidiques (HF) supplémentés en LP laitiers. In vitro, nous avons étudié l'effet des LP laitiers et de la SM (laitière ou d'oeuf) sur l'expression génique des protéines de jonctions serrées. Nos travaux in vitro ont également permis de tester que l'interleurkine-8 (IL-8), impliquée dans la maturation de l'épithélium intestinal, serait un acteur des modifications intestinales en réponse aux LP laitiers et/ou à la SM. L'impact à court terme d'un gavage chez la souris avec des LP laitiers ou de la SM laitière a également été étudié. Après 8 semaines de régime HF supplémenté en LP laitiers (1,6%) les souris présentent un moindre gain de poids en comparaison au régime HF. Nous observons une augmentation de Bifidobacterium animalis pour le groupe contenant 1,1% de LP laitiers. Le groupe nourri avec une supplémentation de 1,6% de LP laitiers présente une diminution de Lactobacillus reuteri et des cryptes coliques plus profondes. Nous retrouvons également une plus forte teneur en acide gras spécifiques des LP laitiers (C23:0, C24:0 et C24:1, présents dans la SM laitière) dans les lipides fécaux. Ces acides gras sont corrélés à la teneur en Lactobacillus spp. Parmi les protéines de jonctions serrées impliquées dans la perméabilité paracellulaire, seule l'expression de ZO-1 tend à être augmentée dans le duodénum. In vitro, lorsque les cellules Caco-2/TC7 sont incubées avec des micelles mixtes supplémentées en SM pure, une augmentation de l'expression génique des protéines de jonctions serrées, ainsi qu'une augmentation de la concentration d'IL-8 en apicale et en basolatérale, sont observées. Ces effets sont également retrouvés avec la SM d'oeuf, contrairement aux LP laitiers totaux. L'incubation d'IL-8 recombinante humaine conduit à une augmentation de l'expression génique des protéines de jonctions serrées. Un gavage avec de la SM laitière pure chez la souris induit une augmentation de l'expression des homologues murins de l'IL-8 (KC et Mip-2). Cette étude suggère que les LP laitiers peuvent limiter la prise de poids induite par un régime HF et moduler le microbiote intestinal. La présence de produits d'hydrolyse spécifiques de la SM pourrait expliquer les effets sur le côlon et le microbiote intestinal. Les résultats in vitro, suggèrent un impact spécifique de la SM sur la barrière intestinale. L'IL-8 semble impliquée dans la régulation de l'expression des protéines de jonctions serrées. Ces résultats contribuent à expliquer les effets bénéfiques démontrés des LP laitiers. L'exploration mécanistique des effets directs et/ou indirects de la SM et de l'IL-8 sur la barrière intestinale reste à élucider<br>Interest is growing for the metabolic impact of milk polar lipids (MPL, ~2% of dairy lipids), which present a high bioactive potential, particularly related to their content in sphingomyelin (SM, ~ 25% of MPL). Our hypotheses are that MPL can exert some of their beneficial effects through SM, including the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the microbiota, which could contribute to reduce metabolic inflammation. We tested the metabolic impact of the addition of MPL in a high-fat (HF) diet in mice on the modulation of the intestinal barrier. In vitro, we studied the effect of SM (milk or egg) on tight junction protein We also tested in vitro, that interleurkin-8 (IL-8), which is involved in the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, is an actor of intestinal changes in response to MPL and/or MSM. The short-term impact in mice of MPL or milk SM was also studied. After 8 weeks of diet, the supplementation with 1.6% of MPL prevented the HF-diet-induced body weight gain. In caecal microbiota, addition of 1.1% of MPL induced a specific increase in Bifidobacterium spp., in particular B. animalis. The group fed with a 1.6% MPL-supplementation showed a specific decrease in Lactobacteria reuteri and colonic crypt depth were greatest. We also found a higher content of fatty acids specific of MPL (C23:0, C24:0 and C24:1, found in milk SM) in fecal lipids of mice. These fatty acids are correlated with Lactobacillus spp. Among the tight junction proteins involved in paracellular permeability, only the expression of ZO-1 tended to be increased in the duodenum. In vitro, when Caco-2/TC7 cells were incubated with mixed micelles supplemented with pure SM, an increase in the gene expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, JAM-1, claudin-1) and an increase in apical and basolateral IL-8 concentration were observed. These effects were also found with egg SM, unlike total MPL. Incubation of recombinant human IL-8 led to an increase in gene expression of tight junction proteins. Gavage with pure milk- SM in mice induced an increase in the expression of murine homologs of IL-8 (KC and Mip-2). Our results show that MPL can limit HF-induced body weight gain and modulate the abundance of beneficial bacteria of the gut microbiota. The presence of SM-specific hydrolysis products may explain the effects on the colon and gut microbiota. In vitro results suggest a specific impact of pure SM on the intestinal barrier. IL-8 appears to be involved in the regulation of tight junction protein expression. This can contribute to explain reported beneficial effects of MPL in mice regarding HF induced metabolic disorders. The mechanistic exploration of direct and / or indirect effects of SM and IL-8 on the intestinal barrier remains to be elucidated
Books on the topic "Intestine"
1
1958-, Lichtenstein Gary R., and Wu Gary, eds. Small and large intestine. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2004.
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2
1924-, Booth Christopher C., and Neale Graham, eds. Disorders of the small intestine. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1985.
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3
1943-, Riddell Robert H., Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (U.S.), and Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology., eds. Tumors of the intestines. Washington, D.C: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 2003.
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4
1951-, Schiller Lawrence R., ed. Small intestine. Philadelphia, PA: Current Medicine, 1997.
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5
Chun, Hoon Jai, Sang-Yong Seol, Myung-Gyu Choi, and Joo Young Cho, eds. Small Intestine Disease. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7239-2.
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Heaton, K. W. Understanding your bowels. Poole, U.K: Family Doctor Publications in association with the British Medical Association, 2006.
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7
Simon, Murch, ed. Diseases of the small intestine in childhood. 4th ed. Oxford: Isis Medical Media, 1999.
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8
Bret, Pierre, Christine Cuche, and Gérard Schmutz. Radiology of the Small Intestine. Paris: Springer Paris, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0891-8.
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9
N, Marsh Michael, ed. Immunopathology of the small intestine. Chichester [West Sussex]: Wiley, 1987.
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10
1946-, Nelson Richard L., and Nyhus Lloyd M. 1923-, eds. Surgery of the small intestine. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Intestine"
1
Karaca Bozdag, Zekiye, and Nazire Kilic Safak. "The Large Intestine." In Clinical Anatomy of Digestive System a Handbook for Healthcare Professionals, 125–48. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358855.6.
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The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system and is the part that processes undigested food left over from the small intestine. Its functions include absorbing water from food waste, balancing electrolytes, regulating intestinal flora and storing faeces. This region also performs functions such as regulating peristaltic movements in the intestine and moving faeces towards the anus. The large intestine plays an important role in the final stage of the digestive process, completing the absorption of digested nutrients and removing waste from the body. There are three important components of normal bowel movement. Colonic transit time, stool consistency and faecal incontinence. The large intestine is a critical component of the digestive system, and its function and anatomical features highlight the need for a basic understanding in health practice. This chapter covers the normal anatomy of the large intestine in detail, while also examining various diseases and conditions that occur in the clinical contex.
2
Pickuth, Dirk. "Intestine." In Essentials of Ultrasonography, 123–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79579-4_8.
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Oates, M. Elizabeth, and Vincent L. Sorrell. "Small Intestine and Large Intestine." In Myocardial Perfusion Imaging - Beyond the Left Ventricle, 199–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25436-4_23.
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Vianna, Rodrigo, and Thiago Beduschi. "Intestine Retransplantation in the Intestine or Liver-Intestine Recipient." In Solid Organ Transplantation in Infants and Children, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08049-9_26-1.
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Vianna, Rodrigo, and Thiago Beduschi. "Intestine Retransplantation in the Intestine or Liver-Intestine Recipient." In Solid Organ Transplantation in Infants and Children, 679–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07284-5_26.
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Skandalakis, Lee J., and John E. Skandalakis. "Small Intestine." In Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 405–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8563-6_10.
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Allen, Derek C., R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey. "Small Intestine." In Histopathology Specimens, 47–58. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-673-3_5.
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Allen, Derek C., R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey. "Small Intestine." In Histopathology Specimens, 55–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57360-1_5.
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Hodin, Richard A., and Jeffrey B. Matthews. "Small Intestine." In Surgery, 617–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57282-1_31.
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Bateson, Malcolm C., and Ian A. D. Bouchier. "Small intestine." In Clinical Investigations in Gastroenterology, 52–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5630-1_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Intestine"
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Macagonova, O., A. Cociug, T. Taralunga, T. Braniste, L. Verestiuc, and V. Nacu. "Xenogeneic Small Intestine Submucosa Surface Modification During Processing for Tissue Engineering." In 2024 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ehb64556.2024.10805574.
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Li, Linpeng, and Mingjia Wang. "Small Intestine Tumor CT Image Segmentation Method Based on Self-Supervised Learning." In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC), 4990–95. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10865386.
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Wang, Yue, Wenhui Li, Ziming Wang, Taoli Du, Ming Ma, and Mengchao Zhang. "JointSwinUNETR: an Efficient Feature-enhanced Architecture for Small Intestine Cine MRI Segmentation." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 1–5. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10887801.
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Ibrahim, Muhammad Kinan, Rina Pudji Astuti, and Miftadi Sudjai. "Low-SAR Implantable Antennas Design for Small Intestine and Scalp Tissue Phantoms." In 2024 International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET), 14–19. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icramet62801.2024.10809252.
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Montane, Roberto, Mihir S. Wagh, and Carl D. Crane. "A Study of the Forces on the Small Intestine From a Novel Suction Based Approach for Robotic Endoscopic Locomotion." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10395.
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Many studies have been published regarding robotic endoscopes, however, very little has been done to quantify their effects on the intestine [1]. Here, the use of suction to hold onto the small intestine is investigated. These results will be used to develop an endoscope that is capable of being advanced deep into the small bowel. Prototype suction devices have been designed and various rigid suction tips tested on swine cadaveric intestines. Testing consisted of applying vacuum pressure to suction tips within the intestine. Suction tips were pulled in a shearing method against segments of swine intestine. Measurement data acquired determined parameters which generated the greatest amount of holding force while minimizing tissue damage. Vacuum pressures from 64 kPa–85 kPa were applied to suction tips. The measured force increased from 1.62 Newton (6 oz) to 3.89 Newton (14 oz) with increasing vacuum pressure. Even at the highest vacuum pressure employed (85 kPa) there were no visible signs of intestinal trauma. A maximum force of 3.89 Newton (14 oz) could be attained from a single tip. During in-situ experiments this method advanced the endoscope 25cm into the small intestine.
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Kostyuchenko, L. N., T. A. Vasina, and A. E. Lychkova. "Nutritive correction after extensive combined intestinal resection." In General question of world science. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gqws-01-2022-07.
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The purpose is the tactics of nutritional rehabilitation after extensive intestinal resection. The metabolic characteristics of the short intestine syndrome and the consequences of combined finebinding resections, as well as the adaptive and regenerative possibilities of the intestine. The optimal scheme of nutritional correction is given in consequences of intestinal combined resection.
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Breedveld, Paul, Danie¨lle E. van der Kouwe, and Maria A. J. van Gorp. "Locomotion Through the Intestine by Means of Rolling Stents." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57380.
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Colonoscopy is a standard medical procedure in which a long and flexible endoscope is inserted into the rectum for inspection of the large intestine and for simple interventions. Pushing the endoscope tip from behind via a long and flexible tube leads easily to buckling when the tip comes in contact with sharp curves in the intestinal wall. Buckling is accompanied by painful cramps and makes it difficult to complete the procedure. A way to avoid buckling is not to push the tip from behind, but to use the friction with the intestinal wall to pull the tip forward. This paper describes the state-of-the-art in research on intestinal locomotion methods and presents a new locomotion method based on a rolling donut that is positioned around the endoscope tip. The donut functions like a circular caterpillar and is constructed from three stents that generate high friction with the intestinal wall. The diameter of the donut can be changed and the stents can be driven independently to reduce slip in intestinal curves. The resulting Rolling-Stent Endoscope contains a new steerable mechanism by which the tip can be bent in all directions over a very large angle. The Rolling-Stent Endoscope was applied for a patent and a prototype is under development for evaluation in the intestine of a pig.
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Kinnicutt, Lorenzo, Jungjae Lee, Janae Oden, Leah Gaeta, Sean Carroll, Anushka Rathi, Zi Heng Lim, et al. "A Soft Laparoscopic Grasper for Retraction of the Small Intestine." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.51.
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Laparoscopy can improve outcomes and patient re- covery times compared to open surgery. However, the minimally-invasive nature of these procedures deprives clinicians of tactile feedback which, when coupled with pinching graspers that deliver high-stress concentrations, increases the likelihood of inflicting iatrogenic trauma upon tissues, especially the small intestine [1]–[4]. Retraction of the small intestine is often necessary to vi- sualize and access nearby tissues [5], [6]. Commercially- available devices rely on passive structures to hold intestinal segments and do not embed compliance [7]. Prior research on surgical retractors has focused on granular jamming [5], pneumatic balloons [6], and either cable-driven [8] or vacuum [9] graspers. However, these devices are challenging to integrate into surgical work- flows, require auxiliary instruments, and do not provide feedback regarding tissue interaction forces. We introduce a laparoscopic grasper capable of passing through an 18 mm trocar, expanding to a controllable width once inside the abdominal cavity, and safely enveloping the small intestine to enable retraction. Upon entry into the abdominal cavity, the grasper estab- lishes an initial hold on a target intestinal segment by pulling vacuum through the suction unit on its distal tip (Fig. 1[a]); this functionality helps the surgeon isolate the target intestinal segment from surrounding bundles. Once a preliminary suction hold has been established, the grasper envelops the intestine by inflating a pair of pneumatic fiber-reinforced soft actuators (FRSAs) (Fig. 1[b]-[c]), whose separation can be modulated up to 40 mm using a miniaturized scissor lift mechanism (MSLM). This approach distributes the force necessary to grasp and hold the intestine over a large surface area (i.e., the whole surface of the FRSAs) rather than concentrating it in a small region, allowing safe, robust grasps even on dilated intestinal segments. Inflation of the FRSAs and suction are controlled using two buttons (Fig. 1 [d]). The horizontal position of the FRSAs and the separation between them are independently actuated via two linear motors, which the surgeon controls using a rocker switch and trigger, respectively (Fig. 1 [d]). Each actuator is equipped with two soft sensors to interpret 3D interaction forces via a machine learning algorithm.
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Saxena, Ankit, Isak Lagnese, Eric Pauli, Randy Haluck, Barry Fell, and Jason Moore. "Novel Inverted Tubular Design for Improved Endoscope Positioning." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3294.
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To detect and treat colorectal cancers endoscopes are commonly used to perform colonoscopies, with an estimated 15 million performed in America every year. Endoscope designs rely on physicians physically pushing the long device into position through the intestine thereupon applying potentially damaging forces to the intestinal wall. To improve endoscopic procedures this paper presents the novel concept of Inverted Tubular Element Locomotion (ITEL) to reduce interaction forces between the endoscope and the intestine wall. Experiments are performed that demonstrate functionality of the tubular design and less than 3.5 kPa to deploy. The tube material thickness has a linear relationship with the force required. This unique design has the potential to enhance patient safety and to improve procedural efficiency.
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Menezes, Carlos Alexandre Gomes Passarinho, Rafaela Ribeiro Benedito, Daniel Rubens Freitas Facundo, Isabela Oliveira Moura, Patrick Venâncio Soares Lima, Amandra Gabriele Coelho Rodrigues Melo, Bruna Gontijo Peixoto Pimenta, et al. "Analysis of the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with neuropathologies." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.458.
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Introduction: The human intestinal microbiota corresponds to the ecosystem of colonizing microorganisms of the intestine that has an important role of protection to the organism. In addition, it has a direct relationship with the nervous system, known as the bowel-brain axis. Changes in the intestinal microbiota have been associated with several neuropathologies, and disbiosis repair has been shown to improve specific symptoms of some diseases. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the neurological implications caused by intestinal microbiota in humans. Methods: Review of integrative literature, consulted the Databases PubMed, SciELO and Google Academic. Chosen as descriptors (DeCS): “Microbiota”, “Gastrointestinal Microbiome” and “Nervous System Diseases” separated by Boolean connectors, and articles in English and Portuguese. Results: In this sense, among the therapeutic techniques that objectify to recolonize the “‘sick” intestine, the use of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation stand out. Symbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, proved beneficial for symptomatological manifestations of neuropsychic disorders such as depression and chronic stress. Conclusion: Although some of the relationships of the intestinal-brain microbiota axis and changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as the pathophysiology and benefits arising from its health, there is still a lack of studies to make consensus whether a change in the intestinal microbiome would be an epiphenomenon or the cause of neuropathologies in humans.
Reports on the topic "Intestine"
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Wong, E. A., and Z. Uni. Modulating intestinal cellular maturation and differentiation in broilers by in ovo feeding. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.8134161.bard.
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Mortality in a broiler flock will typically range from 4-5% of the population over the course of 6- 7 weeks in the U.S. and 7-8% of the population in Israel. Suboptimal intestinal maturation and functionality are one of the major factors that contribute to early age mortality and hinder flock body weight uniformity. The development of absorptive and secretory functions is orchestrated by differentiation of cells that arise from stem cells. Supplying compounds by in ovo feeding (IOF) during late embryogenesis provides nutrients that may change the dynamics of stem cell differentiation. We hypothesize that the introduction of specific nutrients or probiotics to the late embryonic chick via IOF will result in an acceleration of the maturation of the small intestine as measured by villus/crypt morphology and the number and distribution of absorptive and secretory cells. A chick that can absorb nutrients more efficiently by increasing the number of cells expressing nutrient transporters and resist enteric pathogens by increasing the number of cells expressing mucin and host defense peptides will be healthier at hatch. This chick may have less need for antibiotics and may show reduced early mortality. The objectives of this proposal are to: 1) develop a model for the development of putative stem cells and absorptive/secretory cells in the small intestine of the late embryonic and early post hatch broiler. 2) determine the ability of IOF of nutrients to modulate the population of differentiated cells in the intestine. 3) determine the ability of IOF of probiotics to modulate the population of differentiated cells in the intestine. 4) reduce early mortality and increase body weight uniformity by IOF of selected nutrients or probiotics. This proposal combines the IOF expertise of Zehava Uni (Hebrew University) with the RNAscope in situ hybridization technique of Eric Wong (Virginia Tech). Previous studies using quantitative PCR to examine expression of genes in the intestine were unable to identify specific cells expressing these genes. RNAscope allows the ability to identify putative stem, absorptive and secretory cells in the small intestine. Thus, we will be able to investigate the effect of IOF on the presence of intestinal absorptive and secretory cells at the cellular level. Understanding the mechanisms for intestinal development and function are key to maintaining peak growth and health of chickens and thus would be of great economic benefit to the poultry industry.
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Harmon, David L., Israel Bruckental, Gerald B. Huntington, Yoav Aharoni, and Amichai Arieli. Influence of Small Intestinal Protein on Carbohydrate Assimilation in Beef and Dairy Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570572.bard.
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The long term goal of the proposed research, "Influence of small intestinal protein on carbohydrate assimilation and metabolism in beef and dairy cattle" was to define the limits of small intestinal starch digestion and clarify regulatory mechanisms involved in starch assimilation in cattle. It was hypothesized that dietary protein plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal digestion; however, studies clearly identifying this role were lacking. The first two experiments quantified starch digestion (disappearance from the small intestine) in response to known increments in duodenal protein supply and found that the quantity of DM, OM and starch disappearing from the small intestine increased linearly (P <.01) with protein infusion. A follow-up experiment also demonstrated that casein infusion linearly increased pancreatic a-amylase concentration and secretion rate. The final experiment provided critical data on metabolic fates of glucose derived from intestinal starch digestion. These data demonstrated that increasing postruminal starch supply does increase the metabolism of glucose by visceral tissues: however, this increase is minor (20%) compared with the increase in portal production (70%). These changes can have a dramatic impact on the glucose economy of the animal and result in large increases in the amount of glucose reaching peripheral tissues.
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Tang, Li-li, Yue-dong Liu, Hong-wu Tao, Wen-zhe Feng, Yu-ping Shu, and Fan-yan Meng. The efficacy and safety of ulcerative colitis treatment based on the theory of the " lung–gut axis ": a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0014.
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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on ulcerative colitis under the guidance of lung-intestine axis theory and that of Western medicine alone. The selected research method was to search relevant randomized controlled trial in Chinese and English medical databases. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to analyze the quality of RCT studies, and RevMan 5.3 was used for efficacy evaluation and meta-analysis. Condition being studied: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease that often involves the rectum and colon submucosa. It is characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea and purulent bloody stool. There is no specific therapy for ulcerative colitis at present. This study investigates the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine or integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy on UC under the guidance of lung-intestine axis theory and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of UC.
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Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner, and Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.
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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.
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Tharaldson, Katie. An Overview of Anthelmintic Drugs in Ascaris suum Intestine. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-195.
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John Poston, Nasir U. Bhuiyan, R. Alex Redd, Neil Parham, and Jennifer Watson. A Revised Model for Dosimetry in the Human Small Intestine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839398.
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Research, Gratis. Gallstone Pancreatitis. Gratis Research, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.08.
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Wong, Eric A., and Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.
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We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.
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Pirarat, Nopadon. Efficacy of encapsulated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)against streptococcosis in tilapia. Chulalongkorn University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2015.79.
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S. cerevisiae JCM 7255 from brewing industry was tested to be a possible probiotic candidate in aquaculture together with encapsulation and freeze-drying technique. In vitro viability and morphology analysis of probiotic during storage and during transient with stimulated tilapia gut and bile conditions were evaluated as well as In vivo growth performance efficacy, gut mucosal immune parameters and anti-Streptococcal activity. The In vitro results showed that the viabilities of encapsulated yeasts remained in the high number after storage in room temperature for 14 days, while the viability of free S. cerevisiae could not be detected after 7 days pass. The viability of encapsulated yeast in simulated gastric condition and in tilapia bile was significantly higher than the free non-encapsulated group. The morphology of free S. cerevisiae revealed oval, rough bumpy surface and 2- 4 budding knots with rupture on the surface during incubation in gut and bile conditions. The in vitro anti-streptococcal activity of encapsulated yeast using agar spot test showed inhibitory reaction against 20 from 30 strains of S. agalactiae. The in vivo study showed that supplementation with encapsulated yeast improved the intestinal structure and growth performance in tilapias. A significantly increase number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in proximal intestine were observed while acidophilic granulocytes and mucous cells were not statistically different in any part of the intestine. Lowering the cumulative mortality after oral streptococcal challenge was also observed without statistical significance when compare with control group. The results suggested that encapsulated S. cerevisiae JCM 2755 could be a potential probiotic candidate in tilapia culture.
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Bellman, Jacob, and Daniela Stricklin. A Mathematical Model of the Human Small Intestine Following Acute Radiation and Burn Exposures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014406.
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