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Journal articles on the topic 'Intestines, embryology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Hossain, Amjad, and Hiran M. Dutta. "Embryology of intestinal caeca in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-147.

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Gastrointestinal caeca, which are unique structures of fish, are located at the junction between the stomach and intestine. The postembryonic development of caeca in the bluegill was traced in relation to the source of nutrition (endogenous, endoexogenous, or exogenous). During the mesolarval stage a constriction appears at the gastrointestinal junction, which first gives origin to bulges, which eventually become the stomach and the intestine. The gastrointestinal constriction deepens and obstructs the rapidly branching mucosa of the intestine. The obstructed mucosal folds extend outward and are transformed into caecal buds. It was found that both the formation and the number of the caeca are related to the magnitude of the gastrointestinal constriction and the degree of splitting of the obstructed mucosal folds. The absence of mucosal division in the stomach at the time of the caecal buds' origin also establishes that the caeca develop from the intestinal mucosal folds and not from the stomach.

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2

Erdem, Karadeniz, and Atamanalp Selçuk Sabri. "Malrotation Induced Small Intestine Ischemia in an Adolescent." Case Reports in Surgery 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4809406.

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Intestinal malrotation occurs if midgut does not complete or partially completes its 270° counter-clockwise rotation around the superior mesenteric artery during embryologic life. In general, it frequently manifests with vomiting due to duodenal obstruction and volvulus in the initial months of life, and it is very rare to manifest in the adulthood. A 20-year-old male patient who had severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and distention for one day was evaluated at the emergency department. On abdominal tomography “swirling appearance of structures around the superior mesenteric artery” was reported. CT appearance was considered compatible with a rotational anomaly. Emergency surgery was planned for the patient. In laparotomy, it was observed that an approximately 100 cm long small intestine segment was rotated around a band (Ladd) and ischemia was developed in this segment due to rotation of its mesentery. The rotation of the small intestinal mesentery was corrected by opening the bands. After the warm application to the intestinal mesenteric ischemia for a while, the color and the peristalsis of the intestines became normal. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2 with suggestions.

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3

Vashchenko, A. V., N. N. Matvienko, and M. S. Koziy. "INFLUENCE OF BIO-MOS PROBIOTIC PREPARATION IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMBIQUES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE KOROSAN AND CHANNEL SOMA KISCHER." Animal Breeding and Genetics 54 (November 29, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.54.04.

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The purpose of our research was to study the effects of probiotic feed supplement “Bio-Mos” on the structure changes of digestive apparatus of two-year-old channel catfish and carp. Materials and methods of research. Studies on the influence of a probiotic supplement on the organism of two-year-old channel catfish were conducted on the basis of the Prydniprovsky industrial warm-water fish farm under the conditions of the State Enterprise "Nyvka" of the Institute of Fisheries of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Carp and channel catfish intestines were investigated during the growing season (May-September). Fish received a probiotic additive “Bio-mos” with feed. The preparation was fed for carp in a concentration of 2%, and for channel catfish – 5% of the feed weight. For histological studies, the samples of biological material were carried out using an express method of modification of the pouring of fish tissues into paraffin mixtures. Histometry of objects (determination of linear dimensions of histological objects) was carried out according to Avtandilov G. G. For microscopic histocyte studies, a manual "Atlas of histology and embryology of industrial fish of Ukraine", "Atlas of microscopic structure of fish liver", "Atlas of histology and histochemistry of freshwater fish" and "Fish Histology and Histopathology" were used. Results of the research. As histologic studies revealed the complex use of the preparation "Bio-mos" in the composition of feedstuffs had a positive effect on the development of certain sections of the fish intestinal tube. Probably this may be explained by the synergy of the individual components of the diet. Concerning the two-year-old species of the channel catfish, we can say that the histostructure of the wall of the esophagus and the thick intestine in the control and experimental individuals were almost identical and did not reveal any changes in the entire length of the sites. Separate modifications at the microlevel were recorded in the stomach wall. Our studies showed that usage of the drug "Bio-mos" in the composition of feed in the area of large curvature of stomach of investigated individuals increased secretory activity of the glandular structures. It was also found in fish that received feed supplement, enlightenment of most gastric glands, somewhat expanded. It should be noted that exorcinocytes, due to the influence of individual components of the drug "Bio-mos", gain increased secretory activity. It was noted that the increase of secretory activity of the gastric wall of experimental fish had a focal character, which shows an increase in the intensity of the body as a whole. Investigation of the structure of the thin intestine of carp and channel catfish at the microlevel revealed a number of common features that were observed within the studied species: The cell walls of a single-layered high prismatic epithelium of the mucous membrane were almost obscured indifferently, in connection with which the entire cellular layer was observed in the form of a homogeneous, optically homogeneous mass. Cytoplasm of epithelial cells was characterized by increased oxyfilm. At the apical end of the cells there was a low rim, formed by a huge amount of cytoplasmic processes that had its own type of dark strip. The nuclei of the epitheliocytes were oval or highly elongated, oriented closer to the basal end; in them there were clearly visible lumps of chromatin and sharply oxyphilic nucleols. Occasionally there were mitotic cells. Among the prismatic cells were often glandulotsity. Under the epithelium was a plate of mucous membrane, represented by a layer of loose connective tissue or the same, it consisted of collagen membranes that form a three-dimensional barely noticeable network. The muscle layer of the mucous membrane was represented only by separate elongated very thin smooth muscle cells with rod-shaped cores lying under the epithelium. The muscle of the intestinal tube was two-layer. The inner layer of the circular muscle on the histopreparation was cut along. The nucleus of the muscle cells was round, lying in the center and surrounded by a light rim of the cytoplasm (where the incision did not take the nucleus, nuclear-free sites were visible). Between the circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle lied the intermucosal layer of fine puffy connective tissue, in it – the capillaries, which were determined by the nuclei of the endothelium. On the histological preparations of the small intestine of the carp, it was noted that the circular muscle layers, the own plate of the mucosa with accompanying intramural ganglia, vascular elements and connective tissue, as well as the components of the intestinal folds within the studied groups, were morphologically identical. In fish of the control group, the vast majority of intestinal folds were in a free state, at the same time, in the majority of experimental individuals, peculiar anastomoses of the folds were observed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine. This phenomenon had a local character, but it clearly illustrated the increase in surface area of absorption. The experimental group was found to change the intestinal fold and had a relatively developed capillary network, indicating optimization of metabolic processes in the intestinal tube. The own plate of the fold of the mucous membrane had a pronounced hyperchromatosis. Probably, their concentration within this histological structure was stable in nature – this fact clearly reflected an increase in the immune status of fish, and, consequently, an improvement in the health indicators of individuals. It should be noted that in the investigated fish, modification changes in the form of individual centers are considered also in the caudal direction of the intestinal tube, but were not expressed in such contrast. Conclusions. Investigation the influence of the probiotic drug "Bio-mos" on the intestines of the channel catfish were established changes in its structure, and in particular noted that exorcinocytes, as a result of the influence of individual components of the drug become elevated secretory activity. This phenomenon is focal in nature, and shows an increase in the intensity of the body as a whole. In carps, that received the drug Bio-mos in the composition of feed, the length of the intestinal folds exceeds the length of the individuals in the control group (an average of 1.6 times). Accordingly, the change in length increases the surface area of absorption. Complex use of the preparation "Bio-mos" in the composition of feed for fish, has a modifying effect on the mucous membrane of the intestinal tube in the form of stimulation of secretory activity of the glands of the stomach, increasing the area of the absorbent surface of the small intestine, accelerating blood flow and modulating the immune status of fish organism in whole.

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4

Kanzaki, Satoko, Shiori Tamura, Toshiaki Ito, Mizuki Wakabayashi, Koji Saito, Shigeki Kato, Yasutaka Ohta, Yoichi Sekita, and Tohru Kimura. "Involvement of Nlrp9a/b/c in mouse preimplantation development." Reproduction 160, no. 2 (August 2020): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0516.

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Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing proteins (NRLPs) are central components of the inflammasome. Accumulating evidence has shown that a reproductive clade of NRLPs is predominantly expressed in oocyte to cleavage stage embryos and participates in mammalian preimplantation development as a component of a multiprotein complex known as the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC). Nlrp9s belong to the reproductive class of NLRPs; Nlrp9b is unique in acting as an inflammasome against rotavirus in intestines. Here we generated mice carrying mutations in all three members of the Nlrp9a/b/c gene (Nlrp9 triple mutant (TMut) mice). When crossed with WT males, the Nlrp9 TMut females were fertile, but deliveries with fewer pups were increased in the mutants. Consistent with this, blastocyst development was retarded and lethality to the preimplantation embryos increased in the Nlrp9 TMut females in vivo. Under in vitro culture conditions, the fertilized eggs from the Nlrp9 TMut females exhibited developmental arrest at the two-cell stage, accompanied by asymmetric cell division. By contrast, double-mutant (DMut) oocytes (any genetic combination) did not exhibit the two-cell block in vitro, showing the functional redundancy of Nlrp9a/b/c. Finally, Nlrp9 could bind to components of the SCMC. These results show that Nlrp9 functions as an immune or reproductive NLRP in a cell-type-dependent manner.

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5

Mambrini, M., and JL Peyraud. "Retention time of feed particles and liquids in the stomachs and intestines of dairy cows. Direct measurement and calculations based on faecal collection." Reproduction Nutrition Development 37, no. 4 (1997): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19970404.

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6

Nyemb, Philippe Manyacka Ma, Régine Emma Nsia, Racky Wade Kane, Aïnina Ndiaye, and Magaye Gaye. "About one case of common mesentery: embryological study, morphological profile and interest of the doppler ultrasound." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2020.084.

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Common mesentery is an anatomical abnormality resulting from a defect in the embryonic development of the digestive tract, resulting in a fetal disposition of the intestine in patients. It is mostly revealed during the neonatal period and in children with severe accidents of occlusion. At the anatomo-embryological level, the common mesentery is the consequence of malrotation and attachment of the primary intestinal loop during its embryological development. Attachment abnormalities may or may not be associated with rotation abnormalities (the latter favor them), and they are of 2 types: excessive attachments or attachments defects.We report the case of an 8-years-old female patient received in the emergency room for severe abdominal pain, inability to pass stools and gas, and bilious and incoercible vomiting for 2 days. The surgical exploration showed a volvulus of the small bowel with a 270° clockwise rotation, and the presence of a complete common mesentery and numerous mesenteric lymphadenopathies. The stomach and colon were distended, with adhesions between the colon and the small bowel, but no ischemia or intestinal perforation was noted. The operative procedures consisted of untwisting the volvulated loops in an anti-clockwise direction(270°), a release of adhesions, an appendectomy. We also emptied the small intestine and repositioned it.Common mesentery is a rare pathological state and its incidence is poorly understood due to clinical latency. But a good knowledge of embryology, attentive listening to patients and an accurate reading of the various radiological examinations can lead us thinking about malrotation. The occurrence of occlusive accidents is the main frequent cause of discovery of this abnormality.

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7

Hwang, TS, DI Jung, JH Kim, SC Yeon, and HC Lee. "Non-communicating small intestinal duplication in a dog: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 9 (September 20, 2017): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2016-vetmed.

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Enteric duplication is rare in dogs. Here, we report the rarest form of duplication in which two segments are parallel and share a wall for most of their lengths. A nine-year-old spayed female Yorkshire terrier was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Gyeongsang National University due to anorexia and diarrhoea. Physical examination, haematological examination, radiography, and ultrasonography were performed. On physical examination, dry, pale mucous membrane was identified. Moderate anaemia with decreased packed cell volume was detected in complete blood count. Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were mildly increased. Radiographic images revealed no significant findings. On ultrasonographic examination, a multi-layered appearance of a focal small intestinal segment was identified in the left mid abdomen. Following the lesion, it was divided into two small intestinal segments. Based on imaging findings, intussusceptions or enteric duplication were suspected. To resect the abnormal small intestinal segment, enterectomy was performed. Follow-up was not performed because the patient expired during the postoperative recovery time. The histopathological diagnosis was non-communicating small intestinal duplication. Non-communicating intestinal duplication is related to embryologic abnormalities and is usually concurrent with other anomalies such as vertebral malformations and urogenital duplications. However, this case had no other anomalies associated with the malformation of the intestine.

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8

Gnanadev, Praveen, Rohit Krishnappa, Hariprasad Ramachandra Naidu Taluru, Gopal Subbaiah, Gautham Mungaravalli Vasantha, Dilip Kumar Sanjeevi Nagaraj, and Geethu Damodaran. "A rare presentation of midgut malrotation as an acute intestinal obstruction and perforation in an adult." International Surgery Journal 7, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20204156.

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Midgut malrotation is a congenital anomaly seen usually in childhood. Its presentation as an acute intestinal obstruction is extremely rare in adults usually identified intra operatively. A high index of suspicion is always required when dealing with any case of acute intestinal obstruction. We report a case of young adult who presented with symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction and was diagnosed intra-operatively as cecal volvulus with impending perforation caused by midgut malrotation. Malrotation of the intestinal tract is seen due to aberrant embryology. The presentation of intestinal malrotation in adults is very rare. Contrast enhanced Computed tomography (CT) can show the abnormal anatomy clearly. Anomalies like midgut malrotation can present as an operative dilemma and awareness regarding these conditions can help surgeons deal with these conditions.

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9

Lad, Rameeta J., Peter Fitzgerald, and Kevan Jacobson. "An Unusual Cause of Recurrent Pancreatitis: Duodenal Duplication Cyst." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 4 (2000): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/152809.

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Intestinal duplications are rare anomalies that usually present in childhood. Of these, duodenal duplications are among the most uncommon. Although these usually present with obstructive symptoms or bleeding, pancreatitis may occur. A case of duodenal duplication cyst causing recurrent pancreatitis in a 12-year-old girl is presented. The literature on duodenal duplications, and their epidemiology, embryology and pathophysiology is reviewed.

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Sbragia, Lourenço, Rebeca Lopes Figueira, Karina Miura da Costa, and Fábio Perecim Volpe. "Gastroschisis: State of the Art in Translating Experimental Research to the Bedside." European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 29, no. 04 (August 2019): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694746.

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AbstractThe survival rate of newborns with gastroschisis (GS) has been increasing in the past decades; however, the morbidity continues to be high, mainly related to the length of hospitalization due to disturbances of motility, absorption, and risk of intestinal infections. The development of basic research with the creation of experimental models has provided enormous advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. These models allowed the study of the target genes involved in the embryology of the defect, the influence of the amniotic fluid, and the use of drugs and fetal therapies in an attempt to reduce the intestinal damage and to provide a rapid return of intestinal motility. Our aim was to describe the main GS models and the translational, historical impact of these research advances on the disease.

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11

Sarkar, Debkumar, Preetam Gongidi, Thomas Presenza, and Emily Scattergood. "Intestinal Obstruction from Congenital Bands at the Proximal Jejunum: A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2 (December 27, 2012): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.105130.

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Congenital anomalous bands at the proximal jejunum resulting in obstruction have been described sporadically in the literature and are otherwise rare. We present a case of an 8 year-old girl with a nine-month history of intermittent vomiting and no history of prior surgery. The imaging workup includes an abdominal ultrasound, a single contrast upper gastrointestinal series, and a dual contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis. Surgical intervention revealed the presence of dense bands at the proximal jejunum without evidence of malrotation. Our report reviews the embryology and radiologic findings of this entity using different imaging modalities.

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Skandalakis, Panagiotis N., Odyseas Zoras, John E. Skandalakis, and Petros Mirilas. "Littre Hernia: Surgical Anatomy, Embryology, and Technique of Repair." American Surgeon 72, no. 3 (March 2006): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480607200309.

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Littre hernia is the protrusion of a Meckel diverticulum through a potential abdominal opening. Alexis de Littre (1700) reported ileal diverticula and attributed them to traction. August Gottlieb Richter (1785) defined them as preformed, and Johann Friedrich Meckel (1809) postulated their embryologic origin. Sir Frederic Treves (1897) distinguished between Littre and Richter hernia (partial enterocele). Embryologically, Meckel diverticulum is the persistent intestinal part of the omphaloenteric duct through which the midgut communicates with the umbilical vesicle until the fifth week. It is found at the antimesenteric border of the ileum, usually located 30 to 90 cm from the ileocecal valve, measuring 3 to 6 cm in length and 2 cm in diameter. Usual sites of Littre hernia are: inguinal (50%), umbilical (20%), and femoral (20%). Meckel diverticulum may be accompanied in the sac by the ileal loop to which it is attached; rarely, it may undergo incarceration or strangulation, necrosis, and perforation. In children, it is mostly found in umbilical hernias, and the diverticulum is more prone to adhere to the sac. Repair of Littre hernia consists of resection of the diverticulum and herniorraphy; in perforated cases, care must be taken to not contaminate the hernia field.

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Stamatiou, Dimitrios, John E. Skandalakis, Lee J. Skandalakis, and Petros Mirilas. "Perineal Hernia: Surgical Anatomy, Embryology, and Technique of Repair." American Surgeon 76, no. 5 (May 2010): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481007600513.

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Perineal hernia is the protrusion into the perineum of intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal contents through a congenital or acquired defect of the pelvic diaphragm. The first case was reported by de Garangeot in 1743. Perineal hernias may occur anteriorly or posteriorly to the superficial transverse perineal muscles. Congenital perineal hernia is a rare entity. Failure of regression of the peritoneal cul de sac of the embryo is considered a predisposing factor for hernia formation. Acquired perineal hernias are primary or secondary. Primarily acquired perineal hernias are caused by factors associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure. They are more common in females as a result of the broader female pelvis and the attenuation of the pelvic floor during pregnancy and childbirth. Secondarily acquired perineal hernias are incisional hernias associated with extensive pelvic operations such as abdominoperineal resection of the anorectum and pelvic exenteration. Pain in the perineal area, intestinal obstruction, topical skin erosion, and difficulty with urination necessitate the surgical repair of a perineal hernia. This can be accomplished through transabdominal, perineal, or combined abdominoperineal approaches. The defect in the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm may be closed either with direct suturing or by using autogenous tissues or synthetic mesh.

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Hosoyamada, Yasue, and Tatsuo Sakai. "Structural and mechanical architecture of the intestinal villi and crypts in the rat intestine: integrative reevaluation from ultrastructural analysis." Anatomy and Embryology 210, no. 1 (July 26, 2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-005-0011-y.

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Stamatiou, Dimitrios, Lee J. Skandalakis, Odysseas Zoras, and Petros Mirilas. "Obturator Hernia Revisited: Surgical Anatomy, Embryology, Diagnosis, and Technique of Repair." American Surgeon 77, no. 9 (September 2011): 1147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700926.

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Obturator hernia is the protrusion of intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal organs or tissues through the obturator canal. The first case was published by de Ronsil in 1724. Obturator hernia is more common in older malnourished women due to loss of supporting connective tissue and the wider female pelvis. The hernia sac usually contains small bowel, especially ileum. It may follow the anterior or posterior division of the obturator nerve. In most cases, obturator hernia presents with intestinal obstruction of unknown cause. It may present with obturator neuralgia, as a palpable mass or, in cases of bowel necrosis, as ecchymosis of the thigh. A correct diagnosis is made in 20 to 30 per cent of cases. CT scan is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, whereas ultrasonography, contrast studies, herniography and plain films are less specific. Surgery is the only treatment option for obturator hernia. Hesitancy to intervene surgically for chronically ill patients results in high mortality. Transabdominal approach is indicated in cases of complete bowel obstruction or suspected peritonitis. The extra-abdominal approach is used in preoperatively diagnosed cases and in absence of bowel strangulation. The laparoscopic approach is minimally invasive and effectively reduces morbidity. The defect is closed using sutures, tissue flaps, or prosthetic mesh.

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Johnson, Michelle L., M. Jill Saffrey, and Victoria J. Taylor. "Gastrointestinal capacity, gut hormones and appetite change during rat pregnancy and lactation." Reproduction 157, no. 5 (May 2019): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0414.

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Pregnancy and lactation increase maternal appetite and adiposity, which in humans can lead to long-term body mass retention. Previous rat reproduction studies suggest that appetite-inhibiting gut hormone, peptide-YY (PYY), is elevated, despite hyperphagia also that gastrointestinal size increases. The present study characterised changes in orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) ghrelin and anorexigenic (appetite-inhibiting) PYY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastrointestinal architecture during pregnancy and lactation, in matched fed and fasted plasma and gut tissue samples taken during the dark phase. Enteroendocrine cells were immunolabelled, and gut masses and lengths were measured. Fasted plasma ghrelin reduced during pregnancy: it was lowest by day 18, recovered to control values at parturition, then increased by the end of lactation. Ghrelin-immunoreactive stomach cells and stomach ghrelin concentrations were highest at birth, prior to the onset of lactation-associated hyperphagia. Plasma fed GLP-1 concentrations were elevated during pregnancy, and together with higher colon concentrations of PYY and GLP-1 during early lactation, they were associated with gastrointestinal tissue expansion, not satiety. Body mass increased during lactation, whereas white adipose tissue depots depleted. Extensive gut remodelling coincided with elevated colon concentrations of PYY and GLP-1. Modifications included stomach and caecum expansion, and duodenal, ascending and descending colon circumference increases, all peaking by day 10 of lactation; increased intestinal masses and lengths peaking at lactation day 10 for small intestine and lactation day 25 for large intestine. If these physical tissue increases persist post-partum, they could accelerate future nutrient assimilation and storage in dams, and may contribute to increased obesity risk.

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Costes, Léa MM, Guy E. Boeckxstaens, Wouter J. de Jonge, and Cathy Cailotto. "Neural networks in intestinal immunoregulation." Organogenesis 9, no. 3 (July 2013): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/org.25646.

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Xavier, H. P. F., N. S. M. Leandro, A. G. Mascarenhas, I. C. S. De Araújo, N. F. De Oliveira, A.L. Pinheiro1, H. F. De Oliveira, and H. H. De C. Mello. "Variation in quality of newly hatched chicks from Japanese breeder quail fed guava extract." South African Journal of Animal Science 50, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i2.1.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of guava extract as a dietary supplement for Japanese quail hens on incubation parameters, intestinal development, and the quality of newly hatched chicks. Six hundred and forty-eight eggs were collected from Japanese quail hens fed diets with 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g/kg of guava extract. The study consisted of four treatments, six replicates, and 27 eggs per replicate. The guava extract contained 2% ellagic acid. The eggs were incubated at 37.5 °C and 65% relative air humidity. The hatch window, hatchability, embryo development in unhatched eggs, quality of newly hatched quails, and intestinal histomorphometry of a duodenum segment were evaluated. Differences among the treatments in hatchability and the hatch window were not significant. The guava extract did not affect mortality rate, live pecking, dead pecking, and contaminated and inverted eggs. The number of infertile eggs was lower in the groups that received 3.0 and 9.0 g/kg of extract in their diets. Use of up to 3.0 g/kg of guava extract in the diet increased the weight of both eggs and newly hatched chicks. The quality score of newly hatched quail was similar across treatments. The inclusion of 3.0 g/kg of guava extract in the diet of Japanese quail breeder hens increased the hatchling weight of the chicks and improved the villus to crypt ratio of their duodenum. Keywords: embryology, embryo metabolism, hatchery, incubation, breeder nutrition

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Mutoh, Hiroyuki, Kiichi Satoh, Hiroto Kita, Hirotsugu Sakamoto, Hiroko Hayakawa, Hironori Yamamoto, Norio Isoda, Kiichi Tamada, Kenichi Ido, and Kentaro Sugano. "Cdx2 specifies the differentiation of morphological as well as functional absorptive enterocytes of the small intestine." International Journal of Developmental Biology 49, no. 7 (2005): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.052016hm.

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Predes, Danilo, Luiz F. S. Oliveira, Laís S. S. Ferreira, Lorena A. Maia, João M. A. Delou, Anderson Faletti, Igor Oliveira, et al. "The Chalcone Lonchocarpin Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Proliferation." Cancers 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121968.

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The deregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a central event in colorectal cancer progression, thus a promising target for drug development. Many natural compounds, such as flavonoids, have been described as Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors and consequently modulate important biological processes like inflammation, redox balance, cancer promotion and progress, as well as cancer cell death. In this context, we identified the chalcone lonchocarpin isolated from Lonchocarpus sericeus as a Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor, both in vitro and in vivo. Lonchocarpin impairs β-catenin nuclear localization and also inhibits the constitutively active form of TCF4, dnTCF4-VP16. Xenopus laevis embryology assays suggest that lonchocarpin acts at the transcriptional level. Additionally, we described lonchocarpin inhibitory effects on cell migration and cell proliferation on HCT116, SW480, and DLD-1 colorectal cancer cell lines, without any detectable effects on the non-tumoral intestinal cell line IEC-6. Moreover, lonchocarpin reduces tumor proliferation on the colorectal cancer AOM/DSS mice model. Taken together, our results support lonchocarpin as a novel Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor compound that impairs colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

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Viney, ME, AJ Bullock, MJ Day, and S. MacNeil. "Co-culture of intestinal epithelial and stromal cells in 3D collagen-based environments." Regenerative Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 2009): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme.09.4.

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22

Lucini, C., L. Maruccio, P. de Girolamo, J. Vega, and L. Castaldo. "Localisation of neurotrophin – containing cells in higher vertebrate intestine." Anatomy and Embryology 205, no. 2 (April 19, 2002): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-002-0237-x.

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23

Gabella, Giorgio. "Structure of the musculature of the chicken small intestine." Anatomy and Embryology 171, no. 2 (February 1985): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00341408.

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Chen, Yonglong, Kerstin Jürgens, Thomas Hollemann, Maike Claußen, Giuliano Ramadori, and Tomas Pieler. "Cell-autonomous and signal-dependent expression of liver and intestine marker genes in pluripotent precursor cells from Xenopus embryos." Mechanisms of Development 120, no. 3 (March 2003): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00460-4.

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Sharma, Karishma, Somya Saxena, and Rahul Agnihotri. "A rare case of intestinal obstruction in pregnancy." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.080.

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Abstract:

Intestinal obstruction (IO) in pregnancy is rare at 1 in 2500 to 1 in 16709 deliveries with an incidence of 0.001% to 0.003%. Although uncommon, IO in pregnancy carries significant maternal (6%) and fetal (26%) mortality. A 30-year-old, primigravida, at 33weeks 4 days of gestation presented to the emergency obstetrics department of Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India with a 2-day history of diffuse abdominal pain, distension and obstipation. The decision of emergency caesarean section was taken and a 2.5kg healthy female baby was delivered. Surgical opinion was sought intraoperatively. Segmental resection and anastomosis, adhesiolysis and appendicectomy was done. Patient discharged on 10 post-operative day along with her baby in satisfactory condition. Diagnosis of SBO can be difficult to make as symptoms are often attributed mistakenly to pregnancy and there can be a reluctance to request plain films owing to the risks of ionising radiation. Both of these factors can lead to a delay in diagnosis and initiating treatment. Clinical suspicion is vital and joint management between surgeons and obstetricians is crucial. In agreement with previous literature reviews regarding the need for prompt laparotomy in most cases of SBO, we recommend that patients with confirmed adhesional obstruction may be managed conservatively in the first instance but with a low threshold for progressing to laparotomy.

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26

Wang, Wen-Pin, and Da-Wei Liu. "21-P043 Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling regulates left–right asymmetry and intestinal cell differentiation in zebrafish." Mechanisms of Development 126 (August 2009): S326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.908.

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27

Varnat, Frédéric, Giovanna Zacchetti, and Ariel Ruiz i Altaba. "Hedgehog pathway activity is required for the lethality and intestinal phenotypes of mice with hyperactive Wnt signaling." Mechanisms of Development 127, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.10.005.

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28

Hiramatsu, Hiroaki, and Sadao Yasugi. "Molecular analysis of the determination of developmental fate in the small intestinal epithelium in the chicken embryo." International Journal of Developmental Biology 48, no. 10 (2004): 1141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.041886hh.

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29

Hauck, Andrew L., Kelly S. Swanson, Paul J. A. Kenis, Deborah E. Leckband, H. Rex Gaskins, and Lawrence B. Schook. "Twists and turns in the development and maintenance of the mammalian small intestine epithelium." Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews 75, no. 1 (2005): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.20032.

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30

Christie, Elizabeth, Andrew Trotter, Yeliz Rifat, Andrew Badrock, Adam Parslow, Heather Verkade, Elke Ober, et al. "09-P010 A nonsense mutation in the TFIIH p52 gene causes abnormal rRNA processing in the zebrafish intestinal mutant, sycorax." Mechanisms of Development 126 (August 2009): S153—S154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.340.

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31

Giroux, F., A. Mallordy, P. Besnard, C. Berges, and H. Carlier. "Effects in the rat of gestation and lactation on the cytosolic intestinal and liver fatty acid binding proteins (I and L-FABPc) in the small intestine." Reproduction Nutrition Development 32, no. 5-6 (1992): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19920525.

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32

Abud, Helen E., Cameron N. Johnstone, Niall C. Tebbutt, and Joan K. Heath. "The murine A33 antigen is expressed at two distinct sites during development, the ICM of the blastocyst and the intestinal epithelium." Mechanisms of Development 98, no. 1-2 (November 2000): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00438-x.

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Cragan, Janet D., M. Louise Martin, Cynthia A. Moore, and Muin J. Khoury. "Descriptive epidemiology of small intestinal atresia, Atlanta, Georgia." Teratology 48, no. 5 (November 1993): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420480508.

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34

Bernard, A., C. Caselli, JP Blond, and H. Carlier. "Intestinal metabolism of lineoleic acid during its intestinal absorption in the rat." Reproduction Nutrition Development 32, no. 5-6 (1992): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19920532.

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35

Meropol, Sharon B., and Amy Edwards. "Development of the infant intestinal microbiome: A bird's eye view of a complex process." Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews 105, no. 4 (December 2015): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.21114.

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36

Clatworthy, Jonathan P., and Vasanta Subramanian. "Stem cells and the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and patterning in the intestinal epithelium: emerging insights from gene expression patterns, transgenic and gene ablation studies." Mechanisms of Development 101, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00557-8.

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37

Bueno, L., and J. Fioramonti. "Neurohormonal control of intestinal transit." Reproduction Nutrition Development 34, no. 6 (1994): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19940601.

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Sharbaf, Fatemeh Rahimi, Narges Izadi Mood, Sedighh Hantushzadeh, Vajih Marsusy, Fatemeh Davari, Zahra Elahipanah, and Fatemeh Baradaran. "Acardiac Fetus with Large Intestine Only." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 24, no. 4 (2008): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000163077.

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Kim, Eun Kyung, and Je Geun Chi. "Lethal Multiple Pterygium Syndrome with Complete Intestinal Duplication." Congenital Anomalies 34, no. 1 (March 1994): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4520.1994.tb00268.x.

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Seki, K., and Terumasa Komuro. "Further observations on the gap-junction-rich cells in the deep muscular plexus of the rat small intestine." Anatomy and Embryology 197, no. 2 (January 23, 1998): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050125.

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Fu, Liezhen, Takashi Hasebe, Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka, and Yun-Bo Shi. "Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and ECM Remodeling during Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Intestinal Metamorphosis inXenopus laevis." Organogenesis 3, no. 1 (January 2007): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/org.3.1.3239.

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TRAHAIR, J. F., and P. M. ROBINSON. "Perinatal development of the small intestine of the sheep." Reproduction Nutrition Développement 26, no. 6 (1986): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19860903.

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Haj�s, Ferenc, Karl Zilles, Axel Schleicher, and Mih�ly K�lm�n. "Types and spatial distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-containing synapses in the rat visual cortex." Anatomy and Embryology 178, no. 3 (June 1988): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00318224.

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44

Estrada, Gemma, J. Antonio Del Rio, José García-Valero, and M. Dolores López-Tejero. "Ethanol in utero induces epithelial cell damage and altered kinetics in the developing rat intestine." Teratology 54, no. 5 (November 1996): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(199611)54:5<245::aid-tera5>3.0.co;2-z.

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Van Ginneken, C., K. Verlinden, F. Van Meir, S. Sys, and A. Weyns. "A stereologic evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mucosal cells in the small intestine of the developing pig." Anatomy and Embryology 205, no. 2 (April 16, 2002): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-002-0235-z.

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Biol, MC, A. Martin, D. Ruggiero-Lopez, B. Mathian, MC Patricot, I. Hugueny, and P. Louisot. "Developmental changes in intestinal fucosylation: regulatory factors." Reproduction Nutrition Development 32, no. 5-6 (1992): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19920512.

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Faussone-Pellegrini, Maria Simonetta. "Cytodifferentiation of the interstitial cells of Cajal related to the myenteric plexus of mouse intestinal muscle coat." Anatomy and Embryology 171, no. 2 (February 1985): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00341410.

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Kim, Won Kyu, Hyun Kim, Dae Ho Ahn, Myoung Hee Kim, and Hyoung Woo Park. "Timetable for intestinal rotation in staged human embryos and fetuses." Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology 67, no. 11 (November 2003): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdra.10094.

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Kotb, Mostafa, Ahmed Aboelela, Ahmed Eshiba, Eman Sheta, and Dina Abdallah. "Jejunal infantile fibrosarcoma: An unusual cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction." Congenital Anomalies 61, no. 5 (June 18, 2021): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cga.12433.

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Lallès, JP, and C. Duvaux-Ponter. "Intestinal motility and weaning in the dairy calf." Reproduction Nutrition Development 32, no. 5-6 (1992): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19920514.

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