To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Intonation (Phonology).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intonation (Phonology)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Intonation (Phonology).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Féry, Caroline, Sam Hellmuth, Frank Kügler, and Jörg Mayer. "Phonology and intonation." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2221/.
Full textAbstract:
The encoding standards for phonology and intonation are designed to facilitate consistent annotation of the phonological and intonational aspects of information structure, in languages across a range of prosodic types. The guidelines are designed with the aim that a nonspecialist in phonology can both implement and interpret the resulting annotation.
2
Lowry, Orla Mary. "Belfast intonation : testing the ToBI framework of intonational analysis." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370089.
Full text
3
Asu, Eva Liina. "The phonetics and phonology of Estonian intonation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284035.
Full text
4
Besana, Sveva 1971. "Towards an analysis of Turinese Italian intonation and theoretical implications for intonational phonology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9350.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 90).
Digitized data of a northern variety of Standard Italian declarative statements', yes/no questions' and wh-questions' was collected to describe a partial grammar of intonational morphemes in the language and provide an analysis for the utterances. Two major theories of intonational phonology are outlined and tested against the data. It is shown how Pierrehumbert's autosegmental theory best captures the data presented here with respect to intonation patterns at the boundaries. Evidence for the existence of a L, and a LH tone is put forward. In particular, it is proposed that, on the one hand, when LH tones map onto prominent syllables of/Dei they are followed by a L- phrase tone in declaratives and a Hphrase tone in yes/no interrogatives; on the other hand when the LH tones map onto prominent syllables of topics they are always followed by a H- phrase tone. Finally, the unstable mapping of the LH tone onto the FO contour found here is considered against current notions of alignment.
by Sveva Besana.
S.M.
5
Taff, Alice. "Phonetics and phonology of Unangan (Eastern Aleut) intonation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8367.
Full text
6
Kügler, Frank. "The intonational phonology of Swabian and Upper Saxon." Tübingen Niemeyer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/985834692/04.
Full text
7
Johnson, Michael Edward. "The form and auditory control of downward trends in intonation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317544/.
Full textAbstract:
Of all the areas of intonational research, study of the tendency of the frequency of vocal fold vibration to decline during the course of an utterance - F0 declination - is likely initially to be the most fruitful in determining the interaction between perceptual and productive processes. A general introduction to the phenomenon is augmented by analysis of different methods of determining declination lines; theoretical treatments are then introduced. One particular local factor contributing to the downward trend, downstep, is discussed, and its pivotal role in the intonational phonology developed by Janet Pierrehumbert critically examined. In the light of the theoretical discussion, two competing hypotheses are presented as to the mediation of the declination effect, which is the effect that of two accented syllables in an utterance, the second has to have a lower peak F0 value than the first for them to be judged to have equal prominence. The Global Declination Hypothesis attributes this to the use by speakers and hearers of one or two abstract reference lines declining through the course of a tone-unit. The Local Declination Hypothesis attributes it to the disposition of F0 excursions surrounding the two accents as well as to the respective peak values. The Global Declination Hypothesis is tested by presenting listeners with pairs of dual-peak accented utterances with the two peaks identical in F0, without any physically present local declination, and asking them to rate the prominence of the second peak of each such utterance. No significant differences are found in the prominence ratings, so the Local Declination Hypothesis appears to be favoured. That hypothesis is itself tested through the development of a model of individual accent prominence, which incorporates terms for surrounding unaccented context. This is then used as the basis of a model of the perceptual constraints on the production of intonation in the scaling of target peaks. The model predicts that local slope between accents and slope of the context after the target accent, as well as other local variables, jointly determine the F0 value of a peak with a particular targetted prominence relationship with its predecessor. If the interaccentual stretch is declining, the declination effect is predicted to occur, ceteris paribus. The model is found to be initially acceptable. In addition, a global interpretation of downstep is made within the model. The mechanisms the model is suggested to represent are auditory feedback control loops of a variety of possible degrees of complexity. An experiment is devised to test for the basic existence of a feedback loop which is used to prevent local slope exceeding an arbitrary threshold value. Auditory feedback In subjects was disrupted by headphone-administration of low-pass filtered masking noise during their utterance of a sustained vowel, and a short and a long dual peak-accented sentence. The disruption was sufficient to alter the apparent mechanism controlling the production of the sustained vowel, but the Lombard effect, whereby subjects automatically raise the level of their voice in ambient noise, was found to be a vitiating factor. General conclusions are drawn on the nature of the declination phenomenon In intonation, and proposals made for future research.
8
Tang, Katrina Elizabeth. "The phonology and phonetics of consonant-tone interaction." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1666396531&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
9
Myrberg, Sara. "The Intonational Phonology of Stockholm Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38697.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis develops the phonological model for the Stockholm Swedish intonation system. Though previous research provides a general model of this system, many phonological aspects of it have remained understudied. The intonational options that are available to speakers of Stockholm Swedish are discussed, and it is argued that Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for complex branching of phonological domains. Specifically, it is argued that so called focal accents, which are referred to as (H)LH-accents in the present work, have essentially two different functions. First, they signal information structural categories such as focus. Second, they signal left edges of Intonation Phrases (IP). It is also argued that a wide range of options exist in the post-nuclear area. Six types of contours for such areas are distinguished, plus one additional rising contour when there are no post-nuclear accents. Based on these findings, I present an account of the branching options for the phonological categories in the Stockholm Swedish prosodic hierarchy. I argue that there is evidence for recursive phonological structures in Stockholm Swedish, i.e. that a mother node and a daughter node can belong to the same phonological category. Also, Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for a distinction between prosodic coordination (equal sister nodes) and prosodic adjunction (unequal sister nodes). Prosodic structure is mapped onto syntactic structure via a set of variably ranked Optimality Theoretic constraints. The relation between phonological and syntactic structure shows that the phonology prefers prosodic coordination (equal sisters) over adjunction (unequal sisters). The material for the study comprises a corpus of approximately 420 read sentences, which were specifically designed to test various phonological hypotheses, and approximately 17 minutes of uncontrolled speech.
10
Martins, Marcus Vinicíus Moreira. "Aspectos da percepção e do controle entoacional do Português Brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-12062013-115124/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar os limiares de diferenciação tonal (LDTs) do Português Brasileiro, no que se refere à entoação. LDTs são definidos como valores a partir dos quais a percepção de uma determinada grandeza passa a ser perceptualmente relevante. Consoni (2011) determinou que tais valores seriam de +3 e -4 semitons para palavras manipuladas em uma frase. Nosso objetivo é rever tais valores para o nível frasal. Nossa hipótese é a de que a extensão temporal afeta a percepção, graças ao efeito tau (SHIGENO, 1986). Para este fim foram aplicados dois experimento com 13 pares de uma mesma oração falada por uma voz masculina não-marcada. Os pares consistiam de uma sentença neutra (com tom zero) pareada à outras doze com F0 manipulados (6 semitons ascendentes e 6 semitons descendentes, a partir do zero), mais o par zero-zero. O primeiro teste possuía apenas duas alternativas sim e nãoe foi chamado de teste 2AFC, ao passo que no segundo havia três opções: sim, não e talvez, chamado de 3MFC. Aos participantes foi requisitado que respondessem se notavam ou não qualquer diferença entre os pares apresentados. Os testes foram aplicado em 16 pessoas. O teste3 MFC teve seus resultados desconsiderados, seus dados foram utilizados como um padrão qualitativo para o teste de nossa hipótese. A seguir foi aplicada uma ANOVA entre as variáveis do teste 2AFC a fim de se determinar se havia algum efeito, obtivemos um p < 0, 001, para n = 16, Fo > Fe. Para determinar os limiares de diferenciação tonal foi aplicada uma análise de componentes principais, a qual retornou como limiares os valores de -3 e +3 semitons.The aim of this study is to determine the differential treshold of pitch (DTPs) for Brazilian Portuguese, with regard to intonation. DTPs are defined as values ??from which the perception of a certain greatness becomes perceptually relevant. Consoni et (2011) determined that such values ??would be of +3 and -4 semitones for manipulated words in a sentence. Our goal is to review these values ??from the phrasal level. Our hypothesis is that the temporal extension affects perception, due to the effect tau (SHIGENO, 1986). For this purpose two experiments were applied using 13 pairs of the same sentence, spoken by a male voice unmarked. The pairs consisted of a neutral setence (with zero tone) paired with the others twelve sentences with manipulated F0 (6 semitones ascending semitones and 6 descendants, from zero), plus the zero-zero pair. The first test had only two alternatives yes and no and was named 2AFC test, while the second one had three options: yes, no and maybe and was named 3MFC. Participants were asked to answer whether or not noticed any difference between the presented pairs. The tests were applied to 16 people. The results from 3MFC test were disregarded, the 3MFC data were used as a qualitative standard for testing our hypothesis. Following, ANOVA was applied in the 2AFC test in order to determine whether there was any effect, we obtained a p < 0.001 to n = 16, Fo > Fe. To determine the differential treshold of pitch was applied principal component analysis, which returned as threshold values ??of -3 and +3 semitones.
11
Cangemi, Francesco. "Prosodic detail in Neapolitan Italian." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3059.
Full textAbstract:
De récentes découvertes sur le rôle du détail phonétique ont inspiré des modèles prosodiques basés sur une approche exemplariste. Au travers de quatre expériences portant sur la production et la perception du détail mélodique et temporel dans la variété napolitaine de l'italien, nous montrons que la notion de détail prosodique n'est pas non plus incompatible avec une approche abstractionniste. Plus particulièrement, nous suggérons que l'exploration du détail prosodique permettrait de mieux encadrer les rapports entre substance phonétique et formes phonologiques, en éclairant ainsi comment les fonctions pragmatiques sont véhiculée par la prosodieRecent findings on phonetic detail have been taken as supporting exemplar-based approaches to prosody. Through four experiments on both production and perception of both melodic and temporal detail in Neapolitan Italian, we show that prosodic detail is not incompatible with abstractionist approaches either. Specifically, we suggest that the exploration of prosodic detail leads to a refined understanding of the relationships between the richly specified and continuous varying phonetic information on one side, and coarse phonologically structured contrasts on the other, thus offering in-sights on how pragmatic information is conveyed by prosody
12
Santos, Vinícius Gonçalves dos. "Aspectos prosódicos do português de Guiné-Bissau: a entoação do contorno neutro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-29062015-153129/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho trata da descrição e da análise do fraseamento entoacional do contorno de sentenças declarativas neutras do português falado na Guiné-Bissau (PGB), no que se refere, especificamente, à investigação da relação entre atribuição de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional e formação de domínios prosódicos. Além disso, faz-se a comparação dos resultados obtidos para o fraseamento entoacional dos dados do PGB com os resultados obtidos para o fraseamento entoacional já descritos em trabalhos anteriores para o português brasileiro (PB) e para o português europeu (PE). Os corpora utilizados para o desenvolvimento deste estudo derivam de dois tipos de discurso (sentenças de leitura e de fala espontânea). A descrição e a análise do fraseamento entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras contidas nesses corpora é desenvolvido à luz da abordagem Autossegmental e Métrica da fonologia entoacional (PIERREHUMBERT, 1980; BECKMAN; PIERREHUMBERT, 1986; LADD, 1996, 2008; entre outros) e da Fonologia Prosódica (SELKIRK, 1984, 1986, 2000; NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986, 2007; entre outros) e com base em estudos prévios desenvolvidos nesses mesmos quadros teóricos e aplicados ao PB (CUNHA 2000; FROTA; VIGÁRIO 2000; TENANI 2002; FERNANDES, 2007a, 2007b; SERRA 2009; entre outros) e ao PE (GRØNNUM; VIANA, 1999; FROTA, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003; VIGÁRIO, 2003; VIGÁRIO; FROTA, 2003; CRUZ, 2013; entre outros). Os resultados alcançados nesta dissertação revelam características entoacionais do PGB que são similares às encontradas nas demais variedades de português: (i) a frequente atribuição de acentos tonais a palavras fonológicas do contorno entoacional (característica também encontrada no contorno entoacional do PB); (ii) a associação obrigatória de um acento tonal à palavra fonológica cabeça do último sintagma fonológico do sintagma entoacional, seguido por um tom de fronteira associado à fronteira direita desse sintagma (assim como no PB e no PE); (iii) a correspondência do padrão do contorno nuclear do sintagma entoacional das declarativas neutras do PGB com os padrões do contorno nuclear desse mesmo sintagma das sentenças declarativas neutras do PB e das variedades do PE; (iv) a possibilidade de associação de acentos frasais a fronteiras de sintagmas fonológicos (evento tonal que é encontrado associado a sintagmas fonológicos desse mesmo tipo de sentenças em uma das variedades centro-meridionais do PE); e (v) a ocorrência de eventos tonais adicionais H associados a sílabas pretônicas de palavras fonológicas longas do contorno entoacional (semelhante aos tons adicionais encontrados associados a palavras fonológicas também longas no PB).In this study, we investigate the intonation of neutral declarative sentences of Portuguese of Guinea-Bissau (GBP), with regarding to the investigation of the relation between tonal events assignment and prosodic domains formation. In addition, we compare the results obtained for the analysis of GBP data with the intonational patterns of neutral sentences described on previous works for Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and European Portuguese (EP). For this research, a corpus of two different speech styles (read sentences and spontaneous speech sentences) was used. For the description and analysis of intonational of neutral declarative sentences in this corpus we followed the Autosegmental Metrical aproach within the intonational phonology framework (PIERREHUMBERT, 1980; BECKMAN; PIERREHUMBERT, 1986; LADD, 1996, 2008; among others), the Prosodic Phonology framework (SELKIRK, 1984, 1986, 2000; NESPOR; VOGEL 1986, 2007; among others) and previous studies conducted on those theoretical frameworks and applied to BP (CUNHA; 2000; FROTA; VIGÁRIO, 2000; TENANI 2002; FERNANDES, 2007a, 2007b; SERRA 2009; among others) and EP (GRØNNUM; VIANA, 1999; FROTA, 2000, 2002a, 2002b, 2003; VIGÁRIO, 2003; FROTA; VIGÁRIO, 2003; CRUZ, 2013; among others). The results achieved in this work show that the intonation properties of GBP are similar to those found in the other varieties of Portuguese already studied. These properties are as follow: (i) frequent association of pitch accents with Phonological Words of intonation contour (tonal characteristic also found in BP); (ii) a pitch accent is obligatorily associated with the Phonological Word head of the last Phonological Phrase of a Intonation Phrase, followed by a boundary tone associated with the right edge of that Intonation Phrase (as in BP and EP); (iii) there is a matching in the nuclear contour of GPB neutral declarative sentences with the nuclear contour of BP and varieties of EP neutral declarative sentences; (iv) the possibility of phrasal accents to be associated with phonological phrases boundaries (the same possibility is found for one of the center-southern varieties of EP); and (v) the possibility of H tones to be associated with pretonic syllables of long Prosodic Words (as in BP).
13
Costa, Natalina Sierra Assêncio. "Variações entoacionais na língua portuguesa falada por mulheres guatós." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-23052011-162134/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa descreve a entoação da língua portuguesa falada por mulheres guatós, fazendo comparação com mulheres não-índias. Foram analisadas as falas de quinze sujeitos. Descreve também a imanência da prosódia da língua guató, adquirida na infância, das guatós, mesmo depois de muito convívio com a população de Corumbá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa de campo e pesquisa bibliográfica. A análise e tabulação dos dados realizaram-se por meio do aplicativo ExProsodia. A análise centrou-se especificamente nas finalizações de frases em contexto diverso daquele dos falantes da língua portuguesa. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a diferenciação na finalização das frases da categoria das meninas corumbaenses em relação às senhoras corumbaenses e às senhoras guatós, que não fizeram finalização descendente de frases assertivas. A diferenciação entre as senhoras guatós e as senhoras corumbaenses manifestou-se no tom médio das frases assertivas.This research aims at describing the intonation of the Portuguese spoken by Guató women and comparing their intonational patterns to the ones produced by non Guató women. We analyzed the speech of fifteen subjects and observed that the Guató prosody, which is the language acquired in their childhood, remains although our subjects have been living with people from Corumbá for a long time. The data were collected through field research and a literature review. Analysis and tabulation of data were conducted using the software ExProsodia. The analysis focused specifically the end of sentences in different contexts from those in the speech of non Guató women. The results pointed out to differences at the end of sentences produced by young Corumbá women in relation to the production of old Guató and Corumbá women, who did not produce the falling contour of assertive sentences. The difference between the production of Guató and Corumbá women was found in the middle tone of assertive sentences.
14
Tsay, Suhchuan Jane, and Suhchuan Jane Tsay. "Phonological pitch." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186900.
Full textAbstract:
The theory proposed in this thesis, Phonological Pitch, concerns the representation and behavior of the tone feature. It is a formally simple phonological theory constrained by a set of explicit extragrammatical principles. Phonological Pitch contains two major grammatical mechanisms. First, tone is represented with a single multivalued feature (Pitch) whose value can range from 1 to n, where n is a language-specific number with no universal upper limit. Second, the Contiguity Hypothesis states that tone groups in rules must always form contiguous sets, though these groups can vary from rule to rule. Phonological Pitch can be so simple because the power of the grammatical theory is constrained with independently necessary extragrammatical factors. Specifically, limits on the number of tone levels arise from learnability and perceptual constraints, which can be precisely formalized, that also play a role in nonlinguistic domains. Similarly, the Contiguity Hypothesis is derived from psychoacoustic constraints on discriminating between acoustically similar pitches. Other perceptual and physiological constraints explain patterns in the typology of contour tones and in the interactions of tone with other features. The empirical support for Phonological Pitch includes the following. First, languages are attested with as many as five distinct tone levels, and the number of languages with n tone levels gradually decreases as n increases, rather than dropping off abruptly at some point. An analysis using learnability and perceptual constraints can explain this gradual drop better than a universal grammatical upper limit. Second, tone rules can transpose sets of tones up or down by a fixed interval, a fact which is easier to formalize with a single multivalued feature than with a set of binary features. Third, tone groups do not form universal natural classes nor groups with noncontiguous tones, as other tone theories predict. Fourth, tone interacts not only with laryngeal features like voicing, but also with nonlaryngeal features like vowel height, and both the existence and relative rarity of tone-vowel height interactions imply that understanding tone interactions requires reference to extragrammatical physiological factors.
15
Tenani, Luciani Ester. "Dominios prosodicos no portugues do Brasil : implicações para a prosodia e para a aplicação de processos fonologicos." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270935.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Maria Bernadete Marques AbaurreTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T08:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tenani_LucianiEster_D.pdf: 9678681 bytes, checksum: 2fd8536421385202a0d8483feb565c14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
Resumo: Esta tese trata da estrutura prosódica do Português Brasileiro e a compara com a estrutura do Português Europeu. Para realizar essa comparação, são consideradas evidências entoacionais, segmentais e rítmicas dos três domínios mais altos da hierarquia prosódica, a saber: a frase fonológica, a frase entoacional e o enunciado fonológico. No Português Brasileiro, não foram encontradas evidências segmentais mas apenas evidências entoacionais dos três domínios prosódicos investigados. Esse resultado difere do que é encontrado no Português Europeu que presenta evidências entoacionais da frase entoacional e evidências segmentais de ser esse um domínio prosódico composto. As evidências entoacionais dos domínios no Português Brasileiro apresentam o desafio de formalizar teoricamente o problema da manifestação fonética das variações de altura que expressam relações fonológicas as quais podem ocorrer entre os constituintes prosódicos em diferentes níveis da estrutura. A análise de contextos de bloqueio da degeminação e da elisão revelou que, nas duas variedades do Português, há restrições que atuam no domínio da frase fonológica de modo a bloquear a configuração de estruturas rítmicas mal formadas. Também se verifica um efeito de direcionalidade esquerda/direita, o qual decorre de uma restrição que preserva a proeminência do acento mais à direita da frase fonológica. As duas variedades estudadas diferem entre si nas estratégias disponíveis para a resolução do choque de acentos. A consideração dos resultados da aplicação dos processos de vozeamento da mcativa, tapping, haplologia, degeminação, elisão e ditongação embasou a reflexão sobre as possíveis relações entre processos fonológicos que afetam a estrutura silábica e a implementação de um padrão rítmico preferencial. Foram apontados indícios de que o Português Brasileiro seja mais predominantemente de ritmo silábico que o Português Europeu. Essas diferenças rítmicas decorrem, em certa medida, das diferenças na organização hierárquica dos domínios prosódicos. Desse modo, as evidências encontradas revelam como a estrutura prosódica acaba por gerar as semelhanças e as diferenças entre as duas variedades do Português
Abstract: This thesis deals with the prosodic structure of Brazilian Portuguese and with the comparison between Brazilians Portuguese's structure and European Portuguese's structute. In order to make a comparison between the two, we are considering intonational, segmental and rithmic evidences of prosodic, that are hierarchically superior to the phonological word. These domains are: phonological phrase, intonational phrase and phonological utterance. In Brazilian Portuguese, no segmental evidences was found; only intonational evidences on these three prosodic domains. This differs from European Portuguese which has both intonational and segmental evidences for intonational phrase as an important prosodic domain. The intonational evidences in Brazilian Portuguese challenge us with the issue of theoretically understanding the phonetic manifestations of pitch variations - which express phonological relations - that can happen between prosodic constituents at different structure levels. Some considerations were aiso made on the relationship between phonological processes and rhythm. These reflections were based on the results from occurring the following six processes: fricative voicing, tapping, syllable degemination, vowel merger, vowel deletion and semi-vocalization. There are indications that Brazilian Portuguese is more a syllable-timed language than. European Portuguese. We argue that these rhythmic differences are related to the prosodic hierarchic structural differences of each variety of Portuguese. The evidences found allow us to demonstrate how the prosodic structure is relevant in explaining the prosodic characteristics of Brazilian and European Portuguese
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
16
Braga, Gabriela. "Prosódia do português de São Tomé: o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-13082018-154538/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação tem como objetivos (i) descrever e analisar o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras do português falado na ilha de São Tomé (PST), em São Tomé e Príncipe, especificamente a relação entre associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional e a formação de domínios prosódicos, tanto em fala controlada quanto em fala espontânea, assim como (ii) comparar os resultados encontrados para o PST com aqueles descritos na literatura para outras variedades de português já estudadas sob a mesma perspectiva teórica: variedades lusitanas, brasileiras e de Guiné-Bissau, variedade africana assim como o PST. Nossa hipótese é que do ponto de vista entoacional o PST se distancie do SEP (standard european portuguese, o português falado em Lisboa), embora esta seja considerada a variedade de prestígio no país e tida como alvo pela população, ensinada nas escolas e veiculada na mídia. Para alcançar os objetivos estabelecidos, nos valemos do aparato teórico da Fonologia Entoacional Autossegmental e Métrica, para a investigação da associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional, numa abordagem integrada à Fonologia Prosódica, para verificarmos a formação dos constituintes prosódicos e identificação dos domínios relevantes na atribuição de eventos tonais. Dentre as características prosódicas e entoacionais que encontramos, destacamos (i) a alta densidade tonal do contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras em PST; (ii) a associação de acentos tonais (pitch accents) a todas as palavras prosódicas nas sentenças de fala controlada;(iii) a associação obrigatória de acento tonal à palavra prosódica cabeça de sintagma entoacional, seguido de um tom de fronteira associado à sua fronteira direita; (iv) a possibilidade de associação de acento frasal (phrasal accent) à fronteira de sintagmas fonológicos; (v) a configuração de contorno nuclear majoritariamente baixa (L* L%), embora também seja possível a realização de um contorno nuclear descendente (H+L* L%) para as sentenças declarativas neutras dessa variedade de português. Através desta dissertação, apontamos características entoacionais e prosódicas do PST que o afastam do SEP e que podem ser consideradas como argumentos para a consolidação do PST como uma variedade que possui (assim como o PB) uma gramática entoacional própria, não se tratando de uma produção considerada irregular da variedade tida como padrão.This study aims to (i) describe and analyze the intonational contour on neutral declarative sentences in the Portuguese spoken on São Tomé island, in São Tomé & Principe (PST), specifically the relation between the association of tonal events with the intonational contour and the formation of prosodic domains, either on controlled or spontaneous speech and (ii) compare the results achieved on PST with the ones described on previous papers on other Portuguese varieties already studied under the same theoretical perspective: lusitanic varieties, Brazilian varieties, and from Guinea-Bissau, an African Portuguese variety, like PST. Our hypothesis is that from the intonational point of view, PST stands far away from the SEP (standard European Portuguese), although that is the prestige variety and seen as a goal by the population, taught in schools and used by the media. To accomplish these objectives, we used the theoretical apparatus supplied by the Metric and Autosegmental Intonation Phonology to investigate the association of tonal events to the intonational contour, approaching it while integrated to the Prosodic Phonology, to verify the formation of prosodic constituents and the identification of relevant domains to the tonal event attribution. Among the prosodic and intonation characteristics we found, we highlight (i) the high tonal density of the intonational contour of the neutral declarative sentences in PST; (ii) the association of pitch accents with every prosodic word in the controlled speech sentences; (iii) the mandatory association of pitch accent to the intonational phrase head prosodic word, followed by a boundary tone associated to its right-side edge; (iv) the possibility of associating the phrasal accent to the phonological phrase edge; (v) predominantly low nuclear contour configuration (L* L%), although it is also possible to perform a top-down nuclear contour (H+L* L%) to the neutral declarative sentences in this Portuguese variety. With this paper, we point out PSTs intonational and prosodic characteristics that ward it off from SEP that may be considered as arguments for the consolidation of PST as a variety possessing (just like the PB) its own intonational grammar, proving it is not a production considered as irregular when compared to the standard one.
17
Martins, Marcus Vinicíus Moreira. "Alvos tonais: unidades fonético-fonológicas da entoação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-15052018-104642/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver nossa hipótese em torno dos alvos tonais, que seriam unidades fonético-fonológicas responsáveis pela mediação entre o nível representacional da entoação e o nível físico da implementação de F0. Os alvos tonais foram divididos em duas grandes categorias, topológicos e pontuais. Os primeiros ocorrem em um espaço limitado, denominado por Ferreira-Netto (2008) de tom médio. Os limites desse espaço são definidos pelos limiares de diferenciação tonal (LDT) e estão a +3 e -4 semitons do tom médio. Além e aquém destes limiares encontram-se as faixas de frequência do Foco/Ênfase. Nestas faixas os tons passam a ser eventos relevantes para os ouvintes que podem atribuir significados a eles. Aos tons que ocorrem nessa região demos o nome de pontual, uma vez que são eventos específicos. Para testar essa hipótese aplicamos o teste 1, no qual era solicitado aos participantes que repetissem uma sentença pré-gravada dotada de uma divisão entoacional marcante: na primeira parte tratava-se de uma voz masculina entoando uma frase declarativa, na segunda parte uma voz feminina entoando uma frase interrogativa. De um total de 15 participantes obtivemos 24 amostras, contando repetições intra-sujeitos. A análise foi conduzida em duas etapas, na primeira avaliamos a capacidade do falante detectar o alvo tonal topológico subjacente à primeira parte do estímulo e reproduzi-lo. Na segunda etapa, avaliamos a capacidade do falante em detectar o alvo pontual caracterizado pela interrogativa e implementá-lo em sua fala. A análise da primeira condição foi feita por meio do que denominamos índice de relação (ir), que media o grau de correlação entre o estímulo e a repetição do falante. A análise revelou que os participantes demonstraram uma grande acuidade na execução da tarefa, o que sugere que os falantes são capazes de monitorar a implementação da frequência fundamental, a partir da detecção dos alvos topológicos. Já a segunda análise demonstra que a implementação dos alvos pontuais pode ser aleatória em certa medida, uma vez que ela não precisa respeitar um limite específico, apenas um limiar. Na segunda parte do trabalho aplicamos um método semelhante, voltado à análise da fala emotiva atuada em três condições: raiva, tristeza e neutra. A frase consistia de um trecho de um livro de ciências lido nessas três emoções por atrizes profissionais, a análise por meio de testes de hipótese (n=196, p<0,005) revelou que os alvos topológicos entre as condições eram distintos, o que sugere que o espaço entoacional e a variação de frequência em seu interior podem ser uma pista significativa para a distinção da fala emotiva.The main purpose of this work is develop our hypothesis about the tonal targets, which would be phonological-phonetic units responsible for the mediation between the representational level of the intonation and the physical level of the implementation of F0. The tonal targets were divided into two major categories, topological and punctual. The first occur in a limited space, and is called by Ferreira-Netto (2008) as midtone. The boundaries of this space are defined by the tonal differentiation thresholds (TDT) and are specified at +3 and -4 semitones from the midtone. Beyond these thresholds are the Focus/Emphasis frequency bands. In these bands the tones become relevant events to the listeners who are able to attribute meanings to them. the tones that occur in this region we gave the name of punctual, since they are specific events. To test this hypothesis, we applied test 1, in which participants were asked to repeat a pre-recorded sentence with a striking intonational division: in the first part it was a male voice spealing a declarative phrase, in the second part a female voice speaking an interrogative phrase. From 15 participants we obtained 24 samples, counting intra-subject repetitions. The analysis was conducted in two stages, in the first one we evaluated the ability of the speaker to detect the topological tonal target underlying the first part of the stimulus and to reproduce it. In the second step, we evaluated the ability of the speaker to detect the punctual target characterized by the interrogative and implement it in his speech. The analysis of the first condition was done by means of what we call the relationship index (ir), which measures the degree of correlation between the stimulus and the repetition of the speaker. The analysis revealed that the participants demonstrated a great acuity in the execution of the task, which suggests that the speakers are able to monitor the fundamental frequency implementation, from the detection of the topological targets. The second analysis, on the other hand, shows that the implementation of specific targets can be random to some extent, since it does not need to respect a specific limit, only a threshold. In the second part of the work we apply a similar method, focused on the analysis of emotional speech, in three conditions: anger, sadness and neutrality. The phrase consisted of an excerpt from a science book, read in these three emotions by professional actresses. The analysis, using hypothesis tests (n = 196, p <0.005), revealed that the topological targets between the conditions were distinct, suggesting the intonational space and the variation of frequency in its interior can be a significant clue to the distinction of the emotive speech.
18
Yang, Siu Kuen Lafina. "The deletion of final stops in coda clusters in Hong Kong English." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/553.
Full text
19
Michelas, Amandine. "Caractérisation phonétique et phonologique du syntagme intermédiaire en français : de la production à la perception." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764624.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail présenté ici est sous-tendu par deux observations majeures. Premièrement, la plupart des modèles proposés pour le français s'accordent sur l'existence de deux niveaux de structure prosodique: le syntagme accentuel et le syntagme intonatif. Deuxièmement, bien que l'existence d'un niveau additionnel de structure situé entre ces deux niveaux ait été proposé pour le français, les propriétés phonétiques et phonologiques de ce constituant n'ont pas clairement été définies. Dans cette thèse nous avons fourni des preuves de l'existence du syntagme intermédiaire (ip) à la fois en production et en perception de la parole. Grâce à cinq expérimentations menées dans le cadre de la phonologie de laboratoire, nous avons caractérisé les propriétés phonético-phonologiques de ce constituant et attesté de son rôle dans le traitement perceptif du langage. Les résultats obtenus en production montrent que l'ip est le domaine de l'abaissement des accents mélodiques en français. Sa frontière droite est marquée par un allongement pré-frontière ainsi qu'un accent de syntagme responsable du retour à la ligne de référence du registre. Les analyses menées en perception ont montré que les frontières droites du syntagme accentuel et du syntagme intermédiaire sont utilisées très tôt dans le processus de traitement syntaxique. Les indices phonétiques et phonologiques présents à ces frontières permettent aux auditeurs du français de construire des attentes sur la structure syntaxique des énoncés perçus. Une analyse séparée des différents types d'indices acoustiques a également montré qu'en l'absence de marquage tonal, les indices de durée semblent suffisants dans le but de marquer la frontière de syntagme accentuel. Un marquage conjoint de la frontière droite d'ip par les indices mélodiques et l'allongement pré-frontière semble au contraire nécessaire pour que les auditeurs du français perçoivent et utilisent cette frontière dans le traitement du langage.
20
Fernandes, Flaviane Romani. "Ordem, focalização e preenchimento em portugues : sintaxe e prosodia." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269035.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland GalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T18:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_FlavianeRomani_D.pdf: 14839262 bytes, checksum: c392914eaa58b1175a0db11bab76cde4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O presente trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito da interface sintaxefonologia, consiste num estudo comparativo das construções de focalização em português brasileiro (doravante, PB) e em português europeu (doravante, PE) na expressão do foco informacional do elemento 'sujeito¿. A hipótese que buscamos confirmar ou infirmar neste estudo é a de que as diferentes formas de expressão do foco informacional do sujeito realizadas em PB e PE, além de estarem relacionadas a questões de natureza sintática, como à fixação do parâmetro prodrop, como afirmam Nespor & Guasti (2002) para as línguas em geral, também estão relacionadas a questões de natureza prosódica, como, por exemplo, o peso fonológico dos constituintes nas sentenças. Os resultados alcançados nesta tese mostram que tanto em PE, como em PB, restrições de peso fonológico atuam na escolha por determinada forma de focalização informacional do sujeito. Todavia, ainda mostram que, em PE, requisitos fonológicos relacionados ao alinhamento da proeminência do elemento focalizado com a proeminência principal de sentença podem também ser satisfeitos através do reordenamento de constituintes ou do uso de estruturas pseudoclivadas, por exemplo. Diferentemente do PE, o PB, dadas as particularidades de sua gramática, não se vale destes mesmos artifícios. Em PB, ocorre preferencialmente o uso de sentenças na ordem SV(O) com o sujeito portando a proeminência principal da sentença ou o uso de sentenças clivadas e clivadas invertidas. Quanto à primeira estratégia de focalização, ainda que o PE também possa se utilizar dela, nossos resultados indicam que as duas variedades de português apresentam diferenças quanto à posição sintática ocupada pelo sujeito focalizado. Enquanto este elemento se encontra na posição de especificador de TP em PE, em PB, ele se encontra fora de TP. Tal afirmação encontra respaldo na estrutura entoacional diferente associada a este tipo de sentença nas duas variedades
Abstract: Taking into account the syntaxphonology interface, this thesis compares subject focalization constructions in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, BP) and European Portuguese (henceforth, BP). This study aimed to confirm or infirm the hypothesis that the di erences between BP and EP derive from prosodic aspects of sentences, e.g., the phonologicalweightofconstituents,asidefromsyntacticpropertiesof thetwo languages, e.g., the nu subject parameter se ing (cf. Nespor & Guasti, 2002). Our results show that phonological weight constrains play an important role in both Portuguese varieties.Furthermore, our results also indicate that the phonologicalrequirementofalignment betweenthefocusprominenceand the sentence principal prominence may be satisfied in EP, for example, through reordering of constituents or pseudoclefts sentences. Due to particularities of BP grammar, these strategies are not available in BP. In this language, two solutions are available: (i) the preverbal subject ca ies the sentence principal prominence; and ( ) the use of cleft sentences and inversecleft sentences. Although strategy (i) is also used in EP, our results reveal that, in SV(O) sentences with focalized subject, the subject occupies di erent syntactical positions in the two varieties. Whereas the focalized subject occupies the TP specifier position in EP, in BP, this same element is out of TP.Evidence for this claim is provided by the di erent intonational structure type associated with this kind of sentences in the two languages
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
21
Rosignoli, Carolina Carbonari. "O padrão entoacional das sentenças interrogativas da variedade paulista do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-17102017-161943/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho trata da descrição e da análise do contorno entoacional total de sentenças interrogativas globais e parciais, neutras e não-neutras, da variedade paulista do português brasileiro (PB). Investigamos a relação entre a associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional dessas sentenças e a formação de domínios prosódicos. Nosso objetivo é identificar padrões entoacionais que codifiquem prosodicamente o significado pragmático dos diferentes tipos de sentenças interrogativas do PB. Partimos da hipótese de que o contorno entoacional total tem papel fundamental na codificação de significados pragmáticos, além do contorno nuclear. Em nosso trabalho, utilizamo-nos de corpora de fala controlada obtida em tarefa de leitura de sentenças interrogativas antecedidas por contextos propícios à produção de diferentes tipos frásicos interrogativos e de fala semicontrolada obtida em tarefa de leitura de mapa em dupla. A descrição e a análise prosódica das sentenças interrogativas de nossos corpora foram feitas à luz da visão integrada entre a abordagem Autossegmental e Métrica da Fonologia Entoacional (Pierrehumbert 1980; Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988; Ladd 1996, 2008; Jun 2005/2014; entre outros) e a Fonologia Prosódica (Selkirk 1984, 1986, 2000; Nespor & Vogel 1986, 2007). Levamos em conta, para o desenvolvimento das análises desta investigação, os trabalhos desenvolvidos nesse mesmo quadro teórico e aplicados ao português (Frota & Vigário 2000; Tenani 2002; Fernandes 2007a, 2007b, Serra 2009, Toneli 2014; e, mais especificamente para sentenças interrogativas, Moraes 2008, Truckenbrodt, Sandalo & Abaurre 2009, Castelo 2011, 2016 e Frota et. al. 2015a). Os resultados obtidos a partir de nossa investigação revelam que (i) de maneira geral, o contorno nuclear das sentenças interrogativas da variedade paulista do PB tem um padrão ascendente-descendente; (ii) o contorno entoacional total tem papel importante na codificação do significado pragmático da interrogação; (iii) há características prosódicas especiais associadas ao contorno entoacional total que correspondem a significados pragmáticos específicos, como, por exemplo: (a) a marcação prosódica de foco e ênfase que varia a depender do significado pragmático associado à marcação de foco e ênfase nos diferentes tipos frásicos; (b) a associação de downstep ao contorno nuclear de sentenças interrogativas neutras; (c) a associação de upstep marcando o elemento enfático em sentenças interrogativas antiexpectativa; (d) o rebaixamento da gama de variação tonal no trecho do contorno entoacional correspondente à primeira palavra prosódica e o contorno nuclear em sentenças interrogativas retóricas; (e) as diferenças quanto à densidade tonal em sentenças interrogativas neutras e não-neutras; entre outras características prosódicas especiais associadas a significados pragmáticos específicos. Tais resultados revelam o cumprimento dos objetivos da pesquisa e confirmam nossa hipótese inicial de trabalho.This study aims to describe the intonational contour of global and partial, neutral and non-neutral interrogative sentences of the Paulista variety of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). We investigate the relation between tonal events assignment and the formation of prosodic domains. Our goal is to find intonational patterns that codigy pragmatic meaning of different clause types of BP interrogative sentences. Our hypothesis is that the total contour has a fundamental role in codifying pragmatic meaning, besides the nuclear contour. In our work, the corpora analyzed includes controlled speech data obtained in a reading task that exposed interrogative sentences along with context to elicit the production of interrogatives with different pragmatic meanings and semicontrolled speech data recorded in a map task. The description and the prosodic analysis of the intonational phrasing of the interrogative sentences of our corpora were developed according to an integrated view of the Autossegmental Metrical approach within the framework of Intonational Phonology (Pierrehumbert 1980; Pierrehumbert & Beckman 1988; Ladd 1996, 2008; Jun 2005/2014; entre outros) and the Prosodic Phonology framework (Selkirk 1984, 1986, 2000; Nespor & Vogel 1986, 2007). Our analysis take into account previous works developed in this same framework and applied to Portuguese (Frota & Vigário 2000; Tenani 2002; Fernandes 2007a, 2007b, Serra 2009, Toneli 2014; and, more specifically regarding interrogative sentences, Moraes 2008, Truckenbrodt, Sandalo & Abaurre 2009, Castelo 2011, 2016 e Frota et. al. 2015a). The results achieved through this investigation reveal that (i) in general, the nuclear contour of interrogative sentences of the Paulista variety of BP show a rising-falling pattern; (ii) the total contour plays an important role in conveying pragmatic meaning of questions; (iii) there are special prosodic characteristics assigned to the total contour that correspond to specific pragmatic meaning, such as: (a) focus and emphasis marking that varies depending on the pragmatic meaning associated with different phrase types; (b) downstep association to the nuclear contour in neutral interrogative sentences; (c) upstep association to the emphatic element in counter expectation sentences; (d) lower tessiture of the range of variation in the portion of the intonational contour corresponding to the first prosodic word and the nuclear contour in rhetoric questions; (e) differences in tonal density between neutral and non-neutral sentences; among other prosodic characteristics associated with specific pragmatic meaning. These results confirm lead us to achieve our objectives and confirm our main hypothesis.
22
Khan, Sameer ud Dowla. "Intonational phonology and focus prosody of Bengali." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1580016691&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
23
Kügler, Frank. "The intonational phonology of Swabian and Upper Saxon /." Tübingen : Niemeyer, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41154857z.
Full text
24
Lim, Keh Sheng. "The Tonal and Intonational Phonology of Lhasa Tibetan." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37294.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation provides a comprehensive description of the tonal and intonational phonology of Lhasa Tibetan (LT) in the Autosegmental-Metrical framework. It is based on recorded data elicited from members of the Tibetan-Canadian community in Ottawa and Toronto.
The first two chapters of the dissertation contain background information about LT, a summary of previous research on LT tones and intonation, and an overview of the theoretical framework and conceptual tools used in the rest of the dissertation.
The third chapter deals with word tonology. I establish that the prosodic structure of LT brings evidence for four main constituents at or below the word level: a) the mora encodes vowel length contrasts, b) the syllable is the tone-bearing unit (TBU), c) the prosodic word, which is maximally binary, delimits the application of most tonal processes, and d) the prosodic word group, which matches grammatical words, is the domain of downstep. This prosodic structure provides evidence against the universality of the Prosodic Hierarchy (Selkirk, 2002; Nespor and Vogel, 2007) in that it has no phonological phrase, but has two word-level constituents. I then argue that LT has three lexical tones (H, LH, and L) – L being limited to some suffixes – and propose that these lexical tones are subject to tone rules applying within the prosodic word and the prosodic word group. These tone rules are similar to those proposed by Duanmu (1992), but have been improved to accurately predict the tone patterns of long polysyllabic words. Based on phonetic evidence, I also come to the conclusion that LT no longer has stress, and that the stress pattern found in other Bodic varieties has been reinterpreted as a part of the tonal system.
The fourth chapter analyses phrasal prosody. I argue that LT forms intonational phrases around clauses and marks them with final lengthening, pitch reset, and a limited set of boundary tones (H% and L%). Although communicative functions and information structure are mostly realized by means of final particles and morphosyntactic devices in LT, I show that boundary tones, focal tones, and deaccenting interact with word tones to form complex melodic patterns.
In the fifth chapter, I present a phonologically-based F0 synthesis model to verify the adequacy of the proposed Autosegmental-Metrical model of LT. This F0 synthesis model consists of three main components: a) the tonal targets de ned in previous chapters, b) an F0 interpolation component based on the PENTA model (Xu, 2004), and c) an evaluation component allowing a comparison of the F0 contours of real LT utterances with resynthesized F0 contours of the same utterances. The F0 synthesis model is able to generate F0 contours that approximate the F0 contours of real LT recordings, suggesting that the proposed phonological model adequately captures the overall tonal and intonational phonology of LT.
25
Chow, Daryl. "The Intonational Structure of Singapore English." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35302.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a comprehensive description of the structure of the prosody of Singapore English. Using the Prosodic Hierarchy as a framework, each layer of the structure of Singapore English is described in detail. The smallest level described in this dissertation is the syllable, the domain in which the majority of segmental processes occur in Singapore English. The second level is the prosodic word domain, where there is a high tone anchored to the final syllable and a low tone anchored to the left edge, and these tones are shown in this dissertation to be recursive. These tones are independent of stress, which is argued to not exist in Singapore English. The third level is the intonational phrase, where the final syllable carries the boundary tone of the entire intonational phrase, affecting the tones of final particles. There is also a phrase-initial boost on the first prosodic word of the intonational phrase. Markedly absent is any intermediate phrase or domain between the word and intonational phrase, which is argued to not exist in this dissertation. The dissertation ends with a look at the possible origins of the prosody of Singapore English and a consideration of the prosodic systems which may have influenced its development.
26
Ballesteros, María del Pilar. "La entonación del español del norte." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/109963.
Full textAbstract:
Con la elaboración de este trabajo se ha pretendido una mejor caracterización de la noción de variedad, a partir del conocimiento del papel que desempeña la entonación en los dialectos. Así, el objetivo de esta tesis es ofrecer una descripción rigurosa de la entonación que presentan algunas variedades dialectales del español. Ha sido necesario acotar el ámbito de estudio y hemos decidido centrarnos en el análisis de las variedades asturiana, castellano leonesa, navarra, madrileña y vasca: cinco comunidades autónomas de la mitad norte de la Península de las que se investigan las características entonativas.
El trabajo tiene interés tanto para la entonología como para la dialectología. Lo que aquí se pretende, sin embargo, no es un examen de todos los aspectos lingüísticos que aborda esta última disciplina. Se trata únicamente de estudiar los de índole melódica y, en consecuencia, quedan excluidos los de carácter léxico, gramatical o pragmático. Evidentemente esto es una abstracción porque la entonación no funciona como si en realidad le fuesen ajenas las dimensiones léxica, gramatical o pragmática; pero acerca de ella tienen la palabra los dialectólogos y no los meros entonólogos. Es muy de desear que los primeros analicen a fondo, desde su superior ángulo de mirada los que los segundos ven sólo a la luz de los datos fonéticos. Para ello, no obstante, es conveniente que los entonólogos realicemos nuestra tarea en la medida de nuestras posibilidades. Tampoco se abordan, en este trabajo, las variedades entonativas desde una perspectiva social, histórica o estilística; se trata, únicamente, de presentar las variaciones entonativas desde el punto de vista geográfico que los dialectólogos suelen denominar "geolectos".
La caracterización que se presenta es el resultado de la aplicación del método de análisis melódico que propuso el Prof. Francisco José Cantero en su tesis doctoral (1995) y que, posteriormente, implementó la Prof. Dolors Font Rotchés (2005) en una investigación sobre la entonación del catalán. Las razones por las que se ha optado por este método de observación de la melodía se examinan en el apartado titulado "justificación metodológica" del documento; pero pueden resumirse diciendo que, tras estudiar otros muchos, éste nos ha parecido el mejor método de los que actualmente se conocen y emplean en el ámbito de la entonología para el estudio de la dimensión estructural de la entonación.
El documento está dividido en cuatro secciones. La primera, trata de presentar el marco teórico en que se basa la investigación que hemos llevado a cabo: la teoría de la entonación de Cantero (v. capítulo II). Sin embargo, resultaba de todo punto necesario justificar la existencia de una tradición (v. capítulo I). Esta primera sección también examina la Teoría y análisis de la entonación de Cantero a la luz del sistema categorial de Charles Sanders Pierce (v. Capítulo III), tratando de desentrañar lo que está implícito en su obra y presentándola como la entendemos: un turno de palabra de inestimable valor en una larga conversación con la historia de los estudios de la entonación; una radical innovación porque además de poner de manifiesto la confusión en que crecía la entomología, distingue los niveles en los que la entonación actúa y propone un método de análisis que lleva mucho tiempo dando frutos. Sin embargo, la semiótica Pierceana libera a la fonología de los límites que la semiología saussereaa le ha impuesto y contribuye a asentar las bases de una teoría cabal, aquilatada y rica de la entonación. Tal como la entendemos, la entonación no es un sistema cerrado, una realidad material sin más, sino un lugar de confluencia: un ámbito; y el lenguaje, una red de ámbitos entretejidos que se condicionan, se relacionan, y que forma un todo superior a la simple yuxtaposición de las partes.
Para el análisis de la entonación de ha elaborado un corpus ad hoc que posiblemente sea el más amplio que se haya utilizado en investigaciones de este tipo. Pero la cualidad más importante del corpus no tiene que ver tanto con sus dimensiones como con que se trata de enunciados de habla espontánea que además, ofrecen una calidad acústica muy notable porque se han extraído de programas televisivos equipados con la tecnología más idónea para asegurarla: de dichos programas se han seleccionado 1000 enunciados producidos en un contexto de diálogo por 365 informantes diferentes.
Los enunciados que componen el conjunto de datos son emisiones de informantes de Asturias, Navarra, Castilla León, Madrid y el País Vasco: 200 enunciados por variedad que forman un corpus perfectamente equilibrado de cinco variedades de habla del español de la Península. El análisis independiente de cada uno de los corpus ha permitido detectar cuáles son las peculiaridades melódicas de los hablantes de cada zona. Por ejemplo, se ha podido describir en qué consiste la peculiar entonación de las personas de Euskadi: como se ha explicado, tienden a producir inflexiones finales muy pronunciadas (tanto de ascenso como de descenso), inflexiones que, además suelen ser circunflejas. Por otro lado, existe una marcada tendencia a pronunciar la primera parte del enunciado de forma llamativamente plana, lo que hace que el primer pico no sobresalga tonalmente. Estas características son, en parte, compartidas por los hablantes de navarra que, por ejemplo, también presentan una propensión a terminar las emisiones con un movimiento tonal muy marcado.
En suma, en el presente estudio se ha querido investigar las características entonativas esenciales de las variedades dialectales del español. Hemos acotado el ámbito de estudio y nos hemos centrado en el habla de los geolectos de Asturias, Navarra, Euskadi, Madrid y Castilla y León y hemos definido el perfil melódico de cada una de estas zonas geográficas. Posteriormente y a la luz de los datos hemos extraído las regularidades que pueden servir, provisionalmente, para caracterizar la entonación que se utiliza en el español del norte. Sin embargo, existen rasgos que precisan ser estudiados desde otra perspectiva para aclarar la cuestión de si las funciones que desempeñan los rasgos descritos son las mismas en todas las comunidades
El estudio que he llevado a cabo deja cuestiones abiertas. La complejidad del fenómeno entonativo reside en la interrelación de sus niveles. Es necesario desarrollar un método que permita comprender y explicar su coestructuración compleja. Esto, a su vez exige que se la considere no como un fenómeno físico estático sino como un ámbito dinámico que da lugar a procesos de muy diverso carácter.
Sin embargo, la revisión teórica de la propuesta de Cantero (2002) que se lleva a cabo y el corpus de grabaciones que se facilita, simplificarán la labor de responder a algunas de esas cuestiones Desde el punto de vista teórico, creo haber contribuido a una línea de pensamiento libre de las ataduras que la semiología saussereana había impuesto a la fonología estructural. He colaborado en la tarea de asentar las bases de una teoría cabal, aquilatada y rica de la entonación que asegure la buena praxis de los estudiosos. Mi propuesta cumple con varios requisitos exigibles a toda teoría lingüística: no trata de encontrar esencias puras sino que busca hacer una descripción realista y razonable; y parte de una fenomenología del acontecimiento lingüístico por antonomasia: el encuentro cara a cara con el otro donde la co-presencia espacio-temporal de los interlocutores, provoca un intercambio continuo de expresividad.
27
Toneli, Priscila Marques 1982. "A palavra prosódica no português brasileiro." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270939.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Maria Bernadete Marques Abaurre, Marina Cláudia Pereira Verga Afonso e VigárioTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Toneli_PriscilaMarques_D.pdf: 66093968 bytes, checksum: ed948857f871f46f09b9e060e46efc87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo sistemático do domínio da Palavra Prosódica (PW ¿ Prosodic Word) no Português Brasileiro (doravante PB) em relação (i) à prosodização de palavras funcionais e de palavras lexicais; (ii) aos fenômenos fonológicos que podem tomar a PW como domínio de aplicação e àqueles que podem funcionar como diagnósticos para identificá-la; e (iii) à investigação da estrutura entoacional em busca de evidências desse domínio prosódico no PB. Uma comparação entre PB e Português Europeu (doravante PE) é feita ao longo do trabalho, conforme são discutidos os fenômenos fonológicos que identificam e caracterizam a PW na variedade europeia, uma vez que há um estudo sistemático sobre o respectivo domínio realizado por Vigário (2003). Os corpora analisados para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa foram obtidos empiricamente por meio de observação e da elaboração de experimentos que controlaram algumas variáveis para a validação ou para a refutação de algumas hipóteses, por exemplo, a investigação do domínio relevante para distribuição tonal no PB e para a atribuição de acento de foco fonológico. Na presente tese, mostramos que alguns fenômenos fonológicos tomam a PW como domínio de aplicação, como as regras de (i) atribuição de acento primário, (ii) harmonia vocálica, (iii) atribuição de acento secundário, (iv) neutralização da pretônica, (v) assimilação de nasalidade fonética, (vi) associação de acentos tonais e (vii) atribuição de acento inicial. Outros fenômenos como a haplologia, a semivocalização, a nasalidade fonética, a neutralização vocálica das vogais pretônicas e postônicas ajudam a identificar uma PW no PB. Destacamos que a síndrome da palavra mínima e as generalizações fonotáticas também contribuem para a discussão do estatuto prosódico de palavras funcionais e de palavras lexicais. Nossos resultados experimentais mostraram que a regra de atribuição de acento de foco e de acento enfático, o apagamento em estruturas coordenadas e o truncamento em sentenças que incluíam palavras formadas por duas PWs (e.g. cata-ventos) trazem evidências do Grupo de Palavra Prosódica (Prosodic Word Group - PWG). A análise da prosodização de palavras funcionais monossilábicas (e.g. a, artigo definido) também mostrou que tais palavras, quando prosodizadas como sílabas átonas, sofrem processos fonológicos pós-lexicais e são adjungidas a uma PW pronta no pós-léxico, formando um domínio prosódico acima de PW. Nesse caso, assumimos que esse domínio prosódico é PWG (cf. Toneli, 2009). Por outro lado, em relação à prosodização de afixos átonos (e.g. desfazer), assumimos, conforme já proposto na literatura do PB, que são adjungidos a uma PW pronta no componente lexical, formando uma única PW. No caso de sufixos átonos, também é assumido que são incorporados a uma base lexical no componente lexical, formando uma PW (cf. Lee, 1995; Moreno, 1997, Schwindt, 2000). A comparação entre PB e PE é tratada mais detalhadamente no âmbito da relação entre estrutura prosódica e estrutura entoacional, principalmente com relação à produção de sentenças declarativas em contexto de foco de escopo largo e de foco de escopo estreito contrastivo, e consiste em destacar os aspectos que aproximam e que distanciam as duas variedades de português, no que tange à aplicação de fenômenos fonológicos, como a distribuição tonal dentro do Sintagma Entoacional (I). Mostramos que a principal semelhança entre PB e PE é a posição e o tipo de acento tonal associado à posição nuclear de sentenças declarativas produzidas em contexto de foco largo, e a principal diferença consiste na densidade tonal, já que no PB há um acento tonal em cada PW de I, enquanto no PE há somente um acento tonal associado às posições inicial e final de I
Abstract: This thesis presents a systematic study on the domain of Prosodic Word (PW) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in relation to (i) the prosodization of function words and of lexical words; (ii) phonological phenomena that can take PW as an application domain, and those that can work as diagnostics to identify it; (iii) the investigation of the intonational structure searching for evidences of these prosodic domain in BP. A comparison between BP and European Portuguese (EP) is made throughout the study as the phonological phenomena that identify and characterize the PW in the European variety are discussed, since there is a systematic study about this domain conducted by Vigário (2003). The analyzed corpora on the development of this research were empirically obtained through the observation and by the elaboration of experiments that controlled some variables to validate or to deny some hypotheses, for example, the investigation of the relevant domain to the tonal distribution in BP and to the assignment of the phonological focus stress. In this thesis, we show that some phonological phenomena take the PW as an application domain, as the rules of: (i) primary stress assignment, (ii) vowel harmony, assignment of secondary stress, (iv) pretonic vowel neutralization, (v) phonetic nasality assimilation, (vi) pitch accents association and (vii) initial stress assignment. Other phenomena such as haplology, semivocalization, phonetic nasalization, pretonic and post-tonic vowels neutralization, helped us to identify a PW in PB. We emphasize that the syndrome of minimal word and that the phonotactic generalizations also contribute to the discussion of the prosodic status of function words and lexical words. Our experimental results showed that the rule for focus stress assignment and for emphatic accent, the deletion in coordinated structures, and the truncation in sentences that included words formed by two PWs (e.g. cata-ventos) provide evidence of the Prosodic Word Group (PWG). The analysis of the prosodization of monosyllabic function words (e.g. a - definite article) also showed that such words when prosodized as unstressed syllables, suffer post-lexical phonological processes and are adjoined to a ready PW in the post-lexical, forming a prosodic domain above PW. In this case, we assume that this prosodic domain is a PWG. On the other hand, in relation to unstressed prefix prosodization (e.g. desfazer > des+fazer), we assume, as already proposed in the literature of PB, that they are adjoined to a ready PW in the lexical component, forming a single PW. In the case of the unstressed suffixes, it is also assumed that they are incorporated into a lexical base in the lexical component, forming a PW (cf. Lee, 1995; Moreno, 1997 Schwindt, 2000). The comparison between BP and EP is treated in more details in the context of the relationship between the prosodic structure and the intonational structure, particularly with respect to the production of declarative sentences in a context of focus with a broad scope and focus with a contrastive narrow scope, and consists in highlighting aspects approaching and distancing the two Portuguese varieties, with respect to the application of phonological phenomena such as tonal distribution in the Intonational Phrase (I). We show that the main similarity between BP and EP is the position and the type of pitch accent associated with the nuclear position of declarative sentences produced in the context of broad focus, and the main difference lies in the tonal density, since in the BP there is a pitch accent on each PW in I, while in BP there is only one pitch accent associated with the initial and the final positions of I
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutora em Linguística
28
Rathcke, Tamara. "Komparative Phonetik und Phonologie der Intonationssysteme des Deutschen und Russischen." München Utz, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993314899/04.
Full text
29
Andreeva, Bistra. "Zur Phonetik und Phonologie der Intonation in der Sofioter Varietät des Bulgarischen /." Saarbrücken : Univ., Inst. für Phonetik, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016243632&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
30
Rathcke, Tamara. "Komparative Phonetik und Phonologie der Intonationssysteme des Deutschen und Russischen /." München : Utz, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017631355&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full text
31
Rabanus, Stefan. "Intonatorische Verfahren im Deutschen und Italienischen : Gesprächsanalyse und autosegmentale Phonologie /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39918260q.
Full text
32
Yim, Hyung-Soon. "The intonational phonology of direct and indirect imperative sentence types in Seoul Korean." München : Lincom Europa, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52387688.html.
Full text
33
Selting, Margret. "Phonologie der Intonation : Probleme bisheriger Modelle und Konsequenzen einer neuen interpretativ-phonologischen Analyse." Universität Potsdam, 1993. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4194/.
Full textAbstract:
Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es zu zeigen, daß und weshalb Intonationsmodelle, die die Prämissen des traditionellen systemisch-tonetischen Ansatzes teilen, ungeeignet sind für die Analyse natürlicher Sprachverwendung in konversationeller Interaktion. Insbesondere die Grundeinheit der 'Tpngruppe'/'Toneinheit'/'Intonationsphrase' wie auch die Analyse des 'Tonmusters' bzw. der letzten Tonhöhenbewegung der Einheit im Hinblick auf die Unterscheidung und Differenzierung von Satzarten bzw. Satzmodi sind auf die Analyse kontextfreier Sätze zugeschnitten und kaum auf die Verhältnisse der Sprachverwendung in natürlicher konversationeller Interaktion übertragbar. Eine alternative Analyse der Intonation als interaktiv relevantes Signalisierungssystem ermöglicht bessere und plausiblere Beschreibungen.
Nleine alternative Konzeption basiert auf der empirischen Analyse eines Korpus
natürlicher Daten aus informellen Alltagsgesprächen. Das Ergebnis dieser Analyse ist, daß Intonation als unabhängiges, autonomes Signalisierungssystem aufgefaßt werden muß. Für die derzeit üblichen Ansätze der phonologischen Intonationsforschung ergibt sich die Forderung nach noch stärkerer als bisher angenommener Modularisierung: Zwar steht die Wahl der Akzentstelle in systematischer Beziehung zu grammatischen Prinzipien und muß mit Bezug auf die Grammatik analysiert werden, aber die Wahl der Tonhöhenbewegung kann nicht mit Bezug auf die Grammatik erklärt werden: die letzte Tonhöhenbewegung unterscheidet nicht grammatisch relevante Satzarten/Satzmodi, sondern interaktiv
relevante Aktivitätstypen in der konversationeilen Interaktion, die auch je unterschiedliehe sequentielle Implikationen für die konditioneil relevante Antwort haben.
34
Carvalho, Mariane. "A Variação melódica da fala : um estudo da correlação entre uma análise acústica e uma análise auditiva da entoação /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92218.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luiz Carlos CagliariBanca: Larissa Cristina Berti
Banca: Daniel Soares da Costa
Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar alguns aspectos da correlação entre dados acústicos e dados obtidos através de modelos de análise auditiva da entoação, a fim de verificar se a análise acústica se distancia ou não do reconhecimento auditivo. Para isso, investigamos, através de alguns dos principais métodos de descrição da entoação, do ponto de vista perceptivo (fonologia funcional) e do ponto de vista acústico (modelo autossegmental), qual a relação entre a percepção e a realidade física do som na análise do fenômeno da entoação. Nossa intenção é provar que essa correlação é tanto possível quanto viável. Para alcançar esse resultado, fizemos, primeiramente, uma descrição individual das duas abordagens eleitas para essa comparação. Uma das abordagens diz respeito ao estudo auditivo desenvolvido por Halliday (1970) e adaptado por Cagliari (1982/2007) para a análise dos dados do português brasileiro. A outra é de base acústica e segue o modelo de análise autossegmental, desenvolvido por Pierrehumbert (1980). Feito isso, propomos uma comparação entre os dois modelos, trazendo à baila suas semelhanças e diferenças, com o intuito de chegarmos a um possível paralelo entre eles. O resultado foi satisfatório e mostrou que, apesar de formalmente diferentes, é possível constatar semelhanças entre eles. Partindo desse princípio, fizemos uma detalhada análise acústica por meio do programa computacional PRAAT e, auditiva, (seguindo a metodologia de Halliday e Cagliari). A análise descreve a estrutura fonológica da entoação de um pequeno trecho do livro História sem fim (sd). A gravação foi feita por um informante adulto da cidade de Araraquara. O resultado mostrou, mais uma vez, uma correspondência entre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is the analysis of the correlation between acoustic and auditory data, in order to verify whether the acoustic analysis follows or not the auditory recognition. For this, we investigated, with some of main methods of description of intonation, the perception (functional phonology) and the acoustics (autossegmental model), what is the relation between perception and physical reality in the analysis of intonation. Our intention is to prove that this correlation is as much possible as feasible. We started with the description of the two approaches chosen for our comparison. One of them is concerned with the auditory approach. This theory was developed by Halliday (1970), according to Cagliari (1982/2007), who adapted Halliday‟s model to describe the intonation of Brazilian Portuguese. The other, is the acoustic approach developed by Pierrehumbert (1980) autossegmental approach. We propose a comparison between the two theories, bringing up their similarities and differences in order to reach a possible comparative parallel between them. The results showed that, despite the formal differences, similarities between the two approaches. Based on this idea, we made a detailed acoustic analysis of our data with the software PRAAT and an auditory analysis of the same data (following the Halliday‟s and Cagliari‟s methodology). The analyses describe the phonological structure of intonation of a short passage from the book História sem fim (The Neverending Story) (sd). The recording was performed by an adult informant from the city of Araraquara. Once more, the results showed a good correspondence between the phonological forms merged from the acoustic and auditory analyses. In addition, our goal was to show that the correlation between the two approachs (acoustic and auditory) allows a better explanation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
35
Carvalho, Mariane [UNESP]. "A Variação melódica da fala: um estudo da correlação entre uma análise acústica e uma análise auditiva da entoação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92218.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
carvalho_m_me_arafcl.pdf: 3575039 bytes, checksum: 73125dd5b49eaaaf9ca9069dbcb4e3d4 (MD5)O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é estudar alguns aspectos da correlação entre dados acústicos e dados obtidos através de modelos de análise auditiva da entoação, a fim de verificar se a análise acústica se distancia ou não do reconhecimento auditivo. Para isso, investigamos, através de alguns dos principais métodos de descrição da entoação, do ponto de vista perceptivo (fonologia funcional) e do ponto de vista acústico (modelo autossegmental), qual a relação entre a percepção e a realidade física do som na análise do fenômeno da entoação. Nossa intenção é provar que essa correlação é tanto possível quanto viável. Para alcançar esse resultado, fizemos, primeiramente, uma descrição individual das duas abordagens eleitas para essa comparação. Uma das abordagens diz respeito ao estudo auditivo desenvolvido por Halliday (1970) e adaptado por Cagliari (1982/2007) para a análise dos dados do português brasileiro. A outra é de base acústica e segue o modelo de análise autossegmental, desenvolvido por Pierrehumbert (1980). Feito isso, propomos uma comparação entre os dois modelos, trazendo à baila suas semelhanças e diferenças, com o intuito de chegarmos a um possível paralelo entre eles. O resultado foi satisfatório e mostrou que, apesar de formalmente diferentes, é possível constatar semelhanças entre eles. Partindo desse princípio, fizemos uma detalhada análise acústica por meio do programa computacional PRAAT e, auditiva, (seguindo a metodologia de Halliday e Cagliari). A análise descreve a estrutura fonológica da entoação de um pequeno trecho do livro História sem fim (sd). A gravação foi feita por um informante adulto da cidade de Araraquara. O resultado mostrou, mais uma vez, uma correspondência entre...
The aim of this dissertation is the analysis of the correlation between acoustic and auditory data, in order to verify whether the acoustic analysis follows or not the auditory recognition. For this, we investigated, with some of main methods of description of intonation, the perception (functional phonology) and the acoustics (autossegmental model), what is the relation between perception and physical reality in the analysis of intonation. Our intention is to prove that this correlation is as much possible as feasible. We started with the description of the two approaches chosen for our comparison. One of them is concerned with the auditory approach. This theory was developed by Halliday (1970), according to Cagliari (1982/2007), who adapted Halliday‟s model to describe the intonation of Brazilian Portuguese. The other, is the acoustic approach developed by Pierrehumbert (1980) autossegmental approach. We propose a comparison between the two theories, bringing up their similarities and differences in order to reach a possible comparative parallel between them. The results showed that, despite the formal differences, similarities between the two approaches. Based on this idea, we made a detailed acoustic analysis of our data with the software PRAAT and an auditory analysis of the same data (following the Halliday‟s and Cagliari‟s methodology). The analyses describe the phonological structure of intonation of a short passage from the book História sem fim (The Neverending Story) (sd). The recording was performed by an adult informant from the city of Araraquara. Once more, the results showed a good correspondence between the phonological forms merged from the acoustic and auditory analyses. In addition, our goal was to show that the correlation between the two approachs (acoustic and auditory) allows a better explanation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
36
Paboudjian, Chantal. "L'organisation de la fréquence fondamentale dans l'énoncé anglo-américain : les prédictions d'un modèle de production." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX10032.
Full textAbstract:
Un modele de production de la melodie a ete applique a des phrases declaratives neutres de l'anglo-americain. Une courbe de frequence fondamentale est consideree comme une suite de points de changement de direction definis par des valeurs en temps (ms) et en frequence (hz). Des tons ont ete attribues a ces points en fonction des intervalles de duree et de frequence les separant. Dans un but de prediction des valeurs des tons, plusieurs hypotheses ont ete testees. Elles ont revele que les points sont situes aux frontieres des syllabes accentuees et que la frequence des points successifs decroit de facon continue au cours d'un enonce. Des intervalles frequentiels entre les points cibles successifs ont ete determinesA production model for melody has been applied to american english declarative sentences. A fundamental frequency curve is defined as a series of turning points with values in time (ms) and pitch (hz). Firstly tones have been assigned to these points according to time and frequency intervals between them. Secondly, in order to predict target point values, several hypotheses have been tested. Results show that turning points are located at the boundaries of accented syllables and that successive peaks are progressively lower over the course of an utterance. Reference values for frequency intervals between successive peaks have been determined
37
Barkaoui, Aïcha. "Contribution à l'étude de la phonologie de l'arabe marocain : accent, Schwa, Syllabe." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21017.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse est une contribution à l'étude de quelques problèmes de la phonologie et de certains de ses aspects en arabe marocain (AM) : l'accent, le schwa, la syllabe. En première partie une revue de littérature est faite sur ces sujets. Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre de la phonologie générative. Les grandes lignes de la phonologie non linéaire et différentes théories (autosegmentale, métrique, CV) sont étudiées. La deuxième partie traite de l'Accent à l'aune de la théorie métrique en prenant l'anglais comme modèle d'analyse. Des études de l'accent en arabe par les grammairiens arabes et de l'accent en AM sont ensuite examinées. Ayant exposé les méthodes de l'analyse métrique et établi un champ d'étude, nous proposons notre base de données permettant de fonder notre analyse de l'accent en AM, laquelle se limite aux verbes. Nous concluons qu'en AM, l'accent tombe sur la pénultième. La troisième partie s'intéresse au Schwa selon l'approche linéaire, non linéaire (théorie CV), la théorie du gouvernement et du licenciement. Nous testons certaines de ces analyses en les appliquant à l'AM. Quelques analyses du Schwa en arabe maghrébin et en AM sont également étudiées. Nous proposons notre analyse à partir d'une base de données exhaustive que nous avons constituée comprenant les verbes et leur paradigmes, les noms et les adjectifs. Nous avons deux formes de base CCC ou ɘCɘCɘC ; le Schwa en AM est sous-jacent et ne résulte ni de l'épenthèse ni de la métathèse. La dernière partie porte sur la syllabe. Nous discutons notamment quelques théories récentes (de l'optimalité, déclarative, de gouvernement. . . ) s'y intéressant. La réflexion se porte alors sur la syllabe en AM pour lequel nous proposons notre propre théorie. La syllabe n'est pas une bonne unité d'analyse en AM ; elle est plutôt le résultat de l'existence des unités et des élémentsThe thesis is a contribution to the study of some phonological issues and some aspects of Moroccan Arabic (MA) phonology : stress, schwa, syllabe. The first part is devoted to a review of the literature. The adopted framework is generative phonology. The outlines of the non linear phonology and different theories (autosegmental, metrical, and the CV theory) are studied. The second part treat Stress seen from the metrical theory and with respect to the example of English. Arab grammarians' studies and approaches to stress in MA are studied. The methods of metrical analyses being exposed and a framework established, we give our own data in order to build our analysis of stress in MA, which is limited to verbs. We come up to the conclusion that in MA, stress falls on the penultimate. The third part deals with schwa in different theoritical frameworks (linear, non linear -CV-, government and licensing theories) that we test with respect to MA. Some previous analyses of Schwa in Maghrebian Arabic and in MA are also considered. We then establish an exhaustive data set which contains the verbs and their paradigms, nouns and adjectives. We have two base forms CCC or ɘCɘCɘC ; the Schwa in MA is underlying and results neither from metathesis nor epenthesis. The last part is devoted to the syllabe. We discuss some theoritical analysis of the syllabe (optimality theory, declarative theory and government theory. . . ). Our reflection move then to the syllabe in MA, for which we attempt to establish our own theory of the syllabe. This one is not a good unit of analysis in MA but it is rather the result of the existence of units and elements
38
Piot, Olivier. "Vers une théorie unifiée de la prosodie du français et de l'anglais : des émotions à la phonologie." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030126.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail est consacré à l'élaboration d'un formalisme mathématique visant à décrire l'expression, par la prosodie, des attitudes "émotionnelles" (définies comme la "mise en forme" d'émotions) et "intellectuelles" (i. E. Des apports non verbaux à la communication). Ce formalisme repose sur plusieurs éléments, qui ont tous reçu une validation expérimentale. Nous avons notamment pu montrer qu'une hauteur tonale plus élevée permet d'exprimer une plus grande ignorance du locuteur dans le cas interrogatif, et de l'allocutaire dans le cas assertif, ce que nous proposons d'expliquer par des processus dynamiques d'empathie du locuteur vis-à-vis de son allocutaire. Le débit de parole pour une question, et l'amplitude de sa diminution pour une assertion, expriment l'envie qu'a le locuteur de partager une information avec son allocutaire: ceci se justifie par l'évolution de la composante "tonique" de notre formalisme (qui correspond à la composante émotionnelle de l'"activation"), qui diminue si l'information est transmise au cours de l'énoncé (cas assertif), et reste stable sinon (cas interrogatif). D'autres aspects ont été mis en évidence, comme l'expression possible de l'anticipation (par l'allocutaire, selon le locuteur) du contenu énoncé par l'anticipation des "cibles" du contour, ou encore l'expression de l'"assimilation" anticipée probable (par l'allocutaire, selon le locuteur) du contenu énoncé par un "downstep" (i. E. Un abaissement relatif des pics tonals du contour intonatif). Ce formalisme est utilisé pour expliquer des résultats et modèles allant de l'expression des émotions jusqu'à la phonologie des contours intonatifs, de façon approfondie pour le français et l'anglais, et de façon succincte pour d'autres languesThe aim of this work is to build up a mathematical theory explaining how emotional attitudes (defined by a form given to the expression of an emotion) and intellectual attitudes (i. E. Planed non verbal communication) may be expressed by prosody. This theory is based on several pieces, each of them having been experimentally validated. We have been able to show that in french, the higher implementation of a pitch-accent allows to express a higher ignorance of the speaker in the interrogative case, and of the hearer in the assertive case. We propose the idea that some processes of sympathy are responsible for this later phenomenon. Moreover, the speech rate for a question, and the vocal intensity for an assertion, are showed to express the desire of the speaker to share a piece of information with the hearer. This can be explained by the evolution of the "activation" component of the theory, which decreases if the information is transmitted during the utterance (assertive case), but remains the same if it is not (interrogative case). Other pieces of meaning have been ascertained, such as the possible expression of the anticipated recognition (by the hearer) of the contents of an utterance by the anticipation of its contour's tonal targets, or else, of the anticipated assimilation of its information by a "downstepping" of the contour (i. E. A gradual lowering of its tonal peaks). This theory is used to explain results and models ranging from the expression of emotions to the phonology of intonational contours, basically in standard French and standard English, but also in some other languages
39
Azari, Nadjaf Abad Allahuerdi. "La structure accentuelle et rythmique du contact du persan moderne et de ses langues de contact." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100012.
Full textAbstract:
Nous avons étudié l'accent primaire (final, initial, pénultième et antépénultième), l'accent secondaire et l'écho accentuel du persan formel et informel et de ses dialectes. Le persan a quatre rythmes (régulier, décroissant, croissant et irrégulier) et deux schèmes accentuels : un schème à accent primaire récessif et un schème à accent primaire progressif. L'accent final des mots est en contraste avec l'accent des formes verbales conjuguées ; au contraire de l'accent du verbe, les noms, les adjectifs et les pronoms ont deux schèmes accentuels. Nous avons étudié la métrique, la typologie accentuelle et l'accent lexical de mots passés du persan à l'arabe et au turc ainsi que l’accent de mot des variétés régionales (yazdi, zaboli, ispahani) et non régionales (dari, tadjik, boukhârâï) et d’autres langues (kurde, arabe, turkmène, baloutche) et dialectes (kalimiyan, talechi, mazandarani). Les paramètres acoustico-phonétiques de l’accentuation du persan sont la durée, le f0 et l’intensitéIn this thesis, we have studied the primary (final, initial, penultimate and antepenultimate) and secondary stress, as well as the stress echo in formal and informal Persian and in its dialects. Persian presents four rhythms - regular, descending, ascending and irregular - and two stress patterns: a regressive and a progressive primary stress. The word-final stress is in disagreement with stress in conjugated verb forms. Contrary to word stress, nouns, adjectives and pronouns exhibit two stress patterns. We have also reflected on the metric, the stress typology and the lexical stress of Persian loanwords in Arabic and Turkish. Word stress in regional (Yazdi, Zaboli, Ispahani) and non-regional (Dari, Tajik , Bukharaï) varieties, and in other languages (Kurdish, Arab, Turkmen, Baluchi) and dialects (kalimiyan, talechi, Mazandaran) were equally analysed. The acoustic-phonetic parameters of stress in Persian are duration, F0 and intensity
40
Vydrina, Alexandra. "A corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Western Mande language : prosody in grammar." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF015/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse fournit une description du kakabé, une langue mandée parlée en Guinée, basée sur un corpus et avec un focus sur le système phonologique. Elle contient une brève esquisse grammaticale et deux parties qui portent sur l'analyse phonologique : la phonologie segmentale et la phonologie suprasegmentale. Les processus concernant les segments phonologiques peuvent être conditionnés par des contraintes métriques, par l'interdiction du hiatus, par le découpage de l’énoncé en phrases prosodiques et par le contexte morphologique. Le kakabé applique diverses stratégies d'adaptation des emprunts (principalement, du poular et du français), telles que l'épenthèse vocalique, la simplification d’agglomérations consonantiques. Le kakabé est une langue à ton (H vs. L), avec downdrift, relèvement du ton H, un ton flottant L, et un certain nombre de processus tonals, tels que l'insertion du ton H, la propagation du ton,l'aplatissement du contour HLH. En conséquence, la distance entre les tons lexicaux sous‐jacents et leur réalisation de surface peut être assez importante. Chacun des processus tonals est appliqué dans une unité prosodique particulière.Par conséquent, les processus tonals participent au découpage du discours en unités prosodiques. Le kakabé comporte des tons de frontière qui servent à signaler la force illocutoire de l'énoncé. Les tons lexicaux et les tons de frontièrecoexistent avec des opérations intonatives sur la courbe F0. Les appendices comprennent un dictionnaire kakabé-français, composé de 3400 entrées, et le corpus de 12 heures de textes en kakabé, transcrits, glosés, traduits etaccompagnés des fichiers vidéos et audiosThis thesis provides a corpus‐based description of Kakabe, a Mande language spoken in Guinea, with a focus on phonology. It consists of a short grammatical sketch and two parts dedicated to the analysis of the segmental and the suprasegmental phonology. Segmental phonological processes can be conditioned by metrical constraints, the ban on hiatus, prosodic phrasing and morphological context. Vowel deletion and vowel assimilation which serve to resolve hiatus, apply clause‐internally, as well as across clause boundaries. I also describe various strategies of loanword adaptation used in Kakabe, such as vowel epenthesis and consonant cluster simplification. Kakabe is a terraced‐level tone language (H vs. L), featuring downdrift, downstep, H raising, floating L, and a number of tonal processes, such as OCP style H‐insertion between two L domains, tone spread and leveling of HLH contour. As a result, the distance between the underlying lexical tones and their surface realization can be rather important. Each tonal process is applied within one particular prosodic unit. Therefore, tonal processes participate in phrasing the speech into prosodic units.Kakabe uses a number of boundary tones to signal illocutionary force of the utterance. Lexical tones and boundary tones coexists with intonational operations on the F0 curve. Intonational tone raising is associated with the H% and HL%boundary tones. Apart from that, it affects polarity items, the universal quantifier, and other pragmatically prominent lexemes, such as ideophones and intensifiers. The appendices include a Kakabe‐French dictionary, comprising 3400 entries, and an oral corpus of 12 hours of various genres, transcribed, glossed and time‐aligned with audio and video
41
Hunltley, Myrna Laksman. "L'accent en indonésien et son interaction avec l'intonation." Grenoble 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE39113.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les langue a accent fixe, comme l'indonesien, l'accent n'a pas de fonction distinctive. Pour la description de la structure accentuelle , trois hypotheses contradictoire ont ete avancees : oxytonique (samsuri, 1971), paroxytonique (a. Halim, 1984) et une langue a plusieurs accents (a. Cohn, 1989). Le principal objectif de notre recherche a ete de verifier la validiter de ces hypothese par une demarche objective faisant appel a l'analyse instrumentale et au traitement quantitatif. Une fois localisee la place de l'accent par reference aux parametre qui participent a sa realisation et a sa perception, le deuxieme objectif a consiste a verifier la resistivite de ces dernier (et donc de l'accent) sous l'influence de la prosodie generale de la phrase. Pour ce faire, nous avons analyse un corpus de mots de deux syllabes (10 repetitions) places dans une phrase porteuse, isoles ou non entre deux pauses. Pour cette deuxieme demarche, un autre corpus a ete constitue comportant les memes mots places dans les constituants nominaux de differentes phrases enonciatives. Les resultats de l'analyse acoustique nous ont permis de demontrer que : 1. L'accent de mot se situe toujours sur la syllabe penultieme ; 2. Le relief accentuel est realise surtout par le fo ; 3. Une syllabe finale ouverte rend la voyelle penultieme plus longue qu'une derniere syllabe fermee ; 4. Le sommet principal de fo du constituant nominal avant le verbe, se situe sur laIn fixed stress languages, such as indonesian, stress has no distinctive function. There are three hypotheses regarding the locus of the stress: oxytonique (samsuri, 1971), paroxytonique (. Halim, 1984) and multiple stress location (a. Cohn, 1989). The main objective of our research is to verify the validity of these three hypotheses with an objective study in the form of a quantitative instrumental analysis. After having localised the stress by refering to the parameters which take part in its realisation and perception, our second objective consists in verifying the robustness of stress under the influence of the general prosody of a sentence. For this reason, we have analysed a corpus of dissyllabic words (10 repetitions) placed in a carrier-sentence, between two pauses. For the second objective. The same words were put in the noun phrase of different affirmative sentences. The results of the acoustical analysis allowed us to conclude that: 1) word stress is always on the penultimate syllabe 2) it is essentially caracterised by the fundemental frequency, 3) an open final syllable makes the penultimate vowel longer than a closed syllable, 4) the frequency peak of a noun phrase before a verb is on the final syllable of the phrase and the secondary peak on the last syllable of the first word, 5) in a post-verbal noun phrase, there is only one peak, which occurs on the initial
42
Silva, Ícaro Oliveira. "A sensibilidade de bebês brasileiros a fronteiras de sintagma entoacional: a prosódia nas fases iniciais da aquisição da linguagem." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/670.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-04T12:41:11Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
icarooliveirasilva.pdf: 2457252 bytes, checksum: 1e1c4b59f224debb036eb8e9f3d42af6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-05T11:08:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 icarooliveirasilva.pdf: 2457252 bytes, checksum: 1e1c4b59f224debb036eb8e9f3d42af6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T11:08:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 icarooliveirasilva.pdf: 2457252 bytes, checksum: 1e1c4b59f224debb036eb8e9f3d42af6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente estudo tem como objetivos investigar se bebês brasileiros com idade média de treze meses são sensíveis às propriedades prosódicas que demarcam fronteiras de sintagma entoacional (I) na Fala Dirigida à Criança (FDC) e se as utilizam como pistas para a segmentação do continuum da fala. Assumimos a integração entre o Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995 e posteriores) e o modelo do Bootstrapping Prosódico (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997), conforme Corrêa (2006). Dada a possibilidade de relação entre os constituintes prosódicos e aqueles de natureza morfossintática, a pesquisa em questão é norteada pela hipótese de que as informações acústicas presentes nas fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos facilitam a segmentação da fala por crianças em processo de aquisição da linguagem, uma vez que há um mapeamento entre unidades prosódicas e unidades morfológicas e sintáticas, ainda que tal relação não seja isomórfica (NESPOR & VOGEL, 1986; GOUT, CHRISTOPHE & MORGAN, 2004). Assim, desenvolvemos duas atividades experimentais: O experimento 1 analisou quais são, na FDC, as informações acústicas que delimitam uma fronteira de I. O experimento 2 verificou, através da técnica do Olhar Preferencial, se os bebês brasileiros são capazes de perceber tais informações. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que essas propriedades suprassegmentais atuam como pistas que auxiliam os infantes a segmentar a cadeia da fala em unidades gramaticalmente significativas.
The present study aims at investigating whether thirteen-month-old Brazilian infants are sensitive to prosodic properties that demarcate intonational phrase (I) boundaries in the Infant Directed Speech (IDS) and use them as cues for the continuous speech segmentation. We assume the integration between the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995 and later) and the Prosodic Bootstrapping Model (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al, 1997), in terms of Corrêa (2006). Given the possible relationship between prosodic and morphosyntactic constituents, our research is guided by the hypothesis that the acoustic information of prosodic boundaries facilitates speech segmentation by children acquiring language. We consider that there is a mapping between prosodic and morphological and syntactic units, although this relationship is not isomorphic (NESPOR & VOGEL, 1986; GOUT, CHRISTOPHE & MORGAN, 2004). Thus, we developed two experimental activities: Experiment 1 examined the acoustic information that delimit a I boundary in the IDS. Experiment 2 verified by the Visual Fixation Procedure whether Brazilian infants are able to perceive this information. The results suggest that these acoustical properties act as cues that help infants to segment the speech stream into grammatically meaningful units.
43
Araújo, Vanessa Cristina de. "O papel da prosódia no processamento sintático de sentenças garden-path." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1494.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-13T12:17:42Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
vanessacristinadearaujo.pdf: 1306440 bytes, checksum: de01a0603451122bff6ee752d2078172 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T20:09:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessacristinadearaujo.pdf: 1306440 bytes, checksum: de01a0603451122bff6ee752d2078172 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T20:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vanessacristinadearaujo.pdf: 1306440 bytes, checksum: de01a0603451122bff6ee752d2078172 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a influência da prosódia no processamento sintático de sentenças que possuem ambiguidades estruturais temporárias, conhecidas na literatura psicolinguística como sentenças Garden-Path. Assim, toma-se como hipótese de trabalho que os ouvintes nativos do Português Brasileiro (doravante PB) utilizam as pistas prosódicas como facilitadoras no processamento sintático das sentenças em estudo. Quanto à abordagem teórica utilizada, assume-se o modelo proposto por Corrêa (2006; 2009) que integra teoria linguística, mais especificamente o Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995; 1999) com modelos de processamento linguístico como o Bootstrapping Fonológico (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997). Considera-se ainda a Fonologia Prosódica (NESPOR &VOGEL, 1986) que fundamenta a concepção de interface entre os níveis prosódico e sintático. A fim de encontrar evidências a favor da hipótese assumida neste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma atividade experimental, tendo como base o estudo de Gayle Dede (2010) em língua inglesa. Ouvintes nativos do PB foram expostos a pares de sentenças lexicalmente idênticas, porém com contornos prosódicos distintos. Nas frases (a) utilizaram-se verbos com dupla transitividade como acordava em “Enquanto a mãe acordava os filhos faziam seu café”, seguidos de expressões que podem ser interpretadas como complementos destes (os filhos no exemplo). Já nas frases (b), utilizaram-se verbos intransitivos como caminhava em “Enquanto a mãe caminhava os filhos faziam seu café”, nas quais as expressões que os seguem não podem ser interpretadas como complementos. Os contornos prosódicos, tanto em (a) quanto em (b), levavam a interpretação da expressão temporariamente ambígua, ora como sujeito do verbo da oração principal (condição (P1)), ora como complemento do verbo da oração subordinada (condição (P2)). Os resultados encontrados vão ao encontro da hipótese inicial de que as pistas prosódicas exercem influência no processamento sintático de sentenças Garden Path.
This study investigates the influence of intonational phrase boundaries on the restriction of the syntactic processing of sentences which have temporary structural ambiguities, known in psycholinguistic literature as Garden Path sentences. The working hypothesis is that native listeners of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) uses prosodic cues, more specifically, phonological phrase boundary cues to facilitate the syntactic processing of these sentences. As for the theoretical approach, we assume the model proposed by Corrêa (2006, 2009) that integrates linguistic theory, specifically the Minimalist Program (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1999) with models of language processing as the Phonological Bootstrapping (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997). We also adopt the conception of interface between the prosodic and syntactic levels proposed by the Prosodic Phonology (Nespor & Vogel, 1986). In order to investigate the role of prosodic cues in the syntactic ambiguity resolution, we developed an experimental activity, based on Gayle Dede experiments (2010). BP native listeners were exposed to pairs of lexically identical sentences but with different prosodic contours. In the sentences (a) intransitive subordinate verbs were followed by plausible direct objects as in While the mother woke up the children prepared the breakfast. In the sentences (b) intransitive subordinate verbs were paired with implausible direct objects as in While the mother walked the children prepared the breakfast. Both sentences were unregistered in two prosodic conditions in which the critical segment (the children) were produced as an direct object of the first verb (P2 condition) or as the subject of the second verb object (P1 condition).The results support our hypothesis that prosodic cues facilitate Garden Path sentence syntactic processing by BP native speakers.
44
Lascoux, Emmanuel. "Recherches sur l'intonation homérique." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL459.
Full textAbstract:
La phonologie du grec permet de réintégrer l'accentuation souvent jugé insignifiante pour la facture du vers, dans une théorie expressive du rythme. Travailler sur l'épopée homérique permet d'évaluer les ressources mélodiques de l'hexamètre et de vérifier l'idée admise aujourd'hui d'une transmission fidèle de son intonation. Une fois définis un codage souple du ton de ses rapports avec le mètre (tonotopie), nous dégageons d'abord statistiquement puis contextuellement, certains effets mélodiques importants dans l'Iliade. Méthode d'analyse tonale, programmatique plutôt qu'exhaustive, l'enquête veut fonder rationnellement l'étude mélodique et entend prolonger trois dialogues : entre la linguistique de l'accentuation et la stylistique ; entre l'herméneutique et la récitation ; enfin, autour de la voix grecque, entre la poétique, la musicilogie, et l'ontologie, car le ton (tonos) est un accès original aux relations entre le lieu (topos) et le temps (khronos)Recent phonology enables one to reintegrate pitch, hitherto considered with a degree of disdain in Greek verse, in a global perception of rythm. In choosing Homeric Epics, we can ascertain the melodic power of the hexameter and verify current belief in the accuracy of transmission of intonations. Having determined a flexible system of coding for the relationship of tonalities with meter (tonotopy), we are able to identify both statiscally and contextually a number of important melodic effects in the Iliad. The approach, voluntarily non exhaustive, attemps to pave the way for a rational study of melody and hopes to maintain three dialogues ; firstly, between the prosody of language and stylistics ; secondly between interpretation and performance ; and finally, on the subject of Greek voice, exchanges involving poetics, musicology, on the assumption that tone (tonos) is a key to understanding greek correlation space (topos) and time (khronos)
45
Wilhelm, Stephan. "Innovations segmentales et suprasegmentales dans le NW Yorshire : implications pour l'étude du changement accentuel dans l'anglais des îles britanniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665606.
Full textAbstract:
Plusieurs changements de nature phonétique et phonologique ont récemment été recensés dans la plupart des variétés de l'anglais britannique contemporain. Au cours des dernières décennies, ce phénomène semble s'être précipité en raison de la mobilité sociale et géographique accrue des locuteurs de ces variétés. À partir d'un corpus oral de plusieurs heures, essentiellement composé d'interactions spontanées entre locuteurs natifs du NW Yorkshire répartis en plusieurs tranches d'âge, on recense et analyse en temps apparent un certain nombre d'innovations segmentales et suprasegmentales affectant un ensemble d'accents associés à une zone déterminée. On aborde les motivations qui se trouvent à l'origine du changement accentuel dans le NW Yorkshire. On s'interroge aussi quant à l'identité des facteurs qui opèrent sur le plan suprasegmental (particulièrement dans les domaines de l'intonation et celui de la qualité de voix) et sur le plan segmental, au niveau phonétique autant que phonologique. On se penche sur la nature et sur le statut de certaines innovations intonatives en cours de diffusion, telles que le recours à des schémas ascendants en fin d'énoncés déclaratifs. On examine enfin la valeur sémantique et/ou pragmatique de ces schémas intonatifs et celle de certains ajustements articulatoires et phonatoires associés à la production orale des adolescents. Tout au long de ce travail, on suggère qu'il convient de prendre en compte simultanément plusieurs dimensions de la variation diachronique et synchronique pour appréhender le changement accentuel. On tente également de dégager quelques applications potentielles de ces observations à d'autres domaines de recherche, ainsi qu'à l'enseignement de l'anglais en tant que langue étrangère.
46
Bacuez, Nicholas. "Automated Pattern Recognition for Intonation (PRInt) : an essay on intonational phonology and categorization." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19606.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation provides experimental evidence for the validity of an intonational phonology. The widely used Autosegmental-Metrical theory con- tends that the phonological structure of intonation can be expressed with two tonal targets (L/H tones and derivatives) and retrieved from its phonetic im- plementations. However, it has not been specifically demonstrated so far in a systematic way. This dissertation argues that this view on intonational phonol- ogy considers the phonetic forms of intonation as instances of phonologically structured intonational units forming functionally discrete categories (tones and derivatives).
The model of Pattern Recognition for Intonation (PRInt) applies the concepts of categorization (vagueness, prototype, degrees of typicality) to in- tonation in order to abstract the phonological structure of intonational cate- gories from the ranking, by degree of typicality, of their variations in phonetic implementation.
First, instances belonging to an intonation category are collected. Sec- ond, a pattern recognition module, relying on the 4-layer structure protocol, extracts a feature vector from the phonetic data of each instance: a sequence of structurally organized tones (L/H tones and derivatives).
Third, a fuzzy classifier, using two functions (frequency and similar- ity), organizes the data from the feature vectors of all instances by degree of typicality (grade of membership of values in multisets) and generates the phonological structure of the intonation category, the prototypical pattern, ex- tracted from all instances, and that subsumes them all. It also re-creates the phonetic implementations of the phonological structure but with their features ranked by degree of typicality. This allows the model to distinguish phono- logically distinct structures from phonetic variations of the same phonological structure.
The model successfully extracted the phonological intonation structure associated to three modalities of closed questions in French: neutral, doubt- ful, and surprised. It found that neutral and doubtful closed questions are phonologically distinct while surprise is a phonetic allocontour of the neutral modality, in line with prior characterizations of these patterns. It demon- strated that a bi-tonal phonological structure of intonation can be retrieved from phonetic variations.
A versatile modeling tool, PRInt will be developed to use its acquired knowledge to evaluate the categorical status of novel instances and to extract multiple phonological units from mixed corpora.text
47
Bishop, Judith Bronwyn. "Aspects of intonation and prosody in Bininj Gun-wok: an autosegmental-metrical analysis." 2003. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3205.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of aspects of the intonation and prosody of an Australian polysynthetic language, Bininj Gun-wok (BGW; also referred to as Mayali). The theoretical framework is autosegmental-metrical phonology, as adapted to the description of intonation by Pierrehumbert (1980); Bruce (1977) and others. The analysis focuses principally on two dialects, Kuninjku and Manyallaluk Mayali (MM), with some reference to the Kunwinjku, Kune, Gun-Djeihmi and Kundedjnjenghmi dialects.
48
Ho, Chia-jung. "The interaction of phonology and phonetics on Sakizaya: vowels, lexical accent and sentential intonation." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2307200820242400.
Full text
49
Ho, Chia-jung, and 何佳容. "The interaction of phonology and phonetics on Sakizaya: vowels, lexical accent and sentential intonation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91413149865798722606.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
96
This thesis is the first study investigating the interface between phonology and phonetics in Sakizaya. Three aspects are mainly discussed in this thesis. The first study is focused on the controversial issue that whether /o/ is a phoneme in Sakizaya or not. The second study is about acoustic parameters which can contrast accent from non-accent. The final study aims to provide basic sentential intonation, including four different sentence types. The significance of this current thesis lies in providing not only a thorough sketch of the phonology in Sakizaya but also a theoretical contribution to the interface between phonology and phonetics. Traditionally, [o] is considered an allophone of /u/ which occurs adjacently to glottal stop or pharyngeal fricative in Sakizaya. We conducted three different methods to support our proposal that/o/ is a separate phoneme in Sakizaya. The first one is to use phonetic analysis to delimit the vowel formant ranges of [u] and allophonic [o] and then we categorize the vowels which perceptually sound like [o]’s according to the vowel formant ranges. We found some words containing /o/ which is not an allophonic [o]. The second method is to find near-minimal pairs. Since two sounds can occur in the same phonological environment, their occurrences are unpredictable, they should be regarded as separate phonemes. In our investigation, we found one near-minimal pair from two of our speakers, respectively. The third method is to use loanword adaptation to propose that /o/ might be internalized in Sakizaya people’s lexicon. Due to repeated inputs of Japanese loanwords containing /o/, /o/ might be acquired and become a new phoneme in Sakizaya. The second study investigates the acoustic parameters which can contrast accent from non-accent in Sakizaya. Six parameters include F0 height, pitch range, F0 peak alignment, slope, duration and intensity. We found that among the six parameters F0 height and pitch range are main factors that can distinguish accent from non-accent. The final study provides a description of intonation in Sakizaya, including declarative, negation, yes-no question and question-word sentences. Declarative sentences end with a falling pitch. Negators are usually the most prominent item in pitch in negation sentences. Yes-no question sentences has a low-high contrast on the final grammatical marker “haw” at the end of the sentence. Question-word interrogatives end with a falling pitch and question words are usually the most prominent in pitch. In conclusion, this thesis provides a thorough investigation of the interface between phonology and phonetics and contributes to the further study of Sakizaya in the future.
50
Prucek, Jan. "Didaktické využití hudebních aktivit ve výuce francouzské výslovnosti." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322166.
Full textAbstract:
Title of the thesis: Developing pronunciation through musical activities in French lessons Keywords: communicative approach, phonetics, phonology, pronunciation, prosody, activity, music, rhythm, rhythmisation, melody, tempo, intonation, accent, song, rap, facial expressions Abstract: This thesis deals with the teaching of French phonetics, considers the status of phonetics in communicatively oriented teaching, and comes to the fact that the teaching of phonetics and phonology is not a priority in the communicative approach. The work demonstrates the importance of such teaching, and therefore explores how the teaching of pronunciation or some of its components could be made more attractive. Based on the proven relationship of music and language, both as auditory phenomena, this thesis approaches the interwoven elements of these two areas. The aim is to explore how the musical elements, such as: rhythm, melody, tempo, phrasing, etc., could be used in the teaching of French pronunciation - especially at the suprasegmental level. The work offers a basic inventory of exercises which benefit from this characteristic and which has been verified in practice, and in the final analysis summarises their effectiveness in foreign language teaching.