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1

Michaely, Michael, and David Wajnryt. "Intra-Industry, Intra-Product, and Inter-Product Trade." Global Economy Journal 17, no. 3 (June 2, 2017): 20170024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0024.

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The study starts with clarifying the distinction between intra-product and inter-product trade as origins of intra-industry trade. The empirical analysis shows that over the last half century intra-industry trade has strongly intensified, though this trend became less pronounced during the last two decades. Intra-industry trade characterizes the trade flows of Europe distinctly more than of any other major geographical region. It is clearly related to a country’s level of per-capita income; to its size, as measured by aggregate income; to the share of the manufacturing sector in the country’s trade; and, most strongly, to the level of commodity diversification of a country’s trade.
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2

Ishchukova, Natalia, and Luboš Smutka. "The Formation of Russian Agrarian Trade Structure: Inter-industry vs. Intra-industry Trade Activities." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 6 (2014): 1293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462061293.

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The paper is focused on specialization of Russia’s foreign trade in agrarian products and foodstuffs in terms of inter-industry and intra-industry trade. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent of intra-industry trade in Russia’s foreign trade in agricultural products and to identify significant changes in trade patterns at the industry level over the transformation period (1996–2012).The results coming from individual conducted analyses provide a systematic decomposition of Russia’s foreign trade into three trade types: inter-industry, intra-industry in horizontally and vertically differentiated products. Inter-industry type of trade dominates in Russian foreign trade in agricultural and food products and accounts for about a third of total trade flows. The analysis revealed significant differences in the intensity of intra-industry trade, depending on geographic region. The lowest level of intra-industry trade is observed in relation to Africa and South America, the highest - in relation to CIS countries. There were also found some trends, including the expanding intra-industry trade in relation to the CIS countries, as well as a decrease in relation to Asian and EU countries.
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3

Menon, Jayant, and Peter B. Dixon. "Intra-industry versus inter-industry trade: Relevance for adjustment costs." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 133, no. 1 (March 1997): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707682.

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4

Lee, Hyun-Hoon, and Chan-Hyun Sohn. "South Korea's Marginal Intra-Industry Trade and the Choice of Preferential Partners." Asian Economic Papers 3, no. 3 (September 2004): 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1535351054825265.

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South Korea recently signed a free trade agreement (FTA) with Chile and is currently negotiating or studying bilateral FTAs with about 20 countries. However, some South Koreans oppose such agreements because they fear that trade liberalization would result in costly factor adjustment. Many researchers believe that intra-industry trade expansion generates smaller inter-industry factor adjustment (and therefore lower costs) compared with the costs associated with inter-industry trade expansion. This paper analyzes the extent and nature of intra-industry trade and marginal intra-industry trade in South Korea, to help predict the relative costs it might face upon opening its markets to various countries.
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5

Gnidchenko, A. "Intra-industry and inter-industry trade through the lens of comparative and absolute advantage." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2016): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-10-112-128.

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The article surveys the literature that emphasizes the importance of comparative and absolute advantages for intra- and inter-industry trade. Two conclusions follow form the survey. First, unlike the traditional view, intra-industry trade is determined rather by technology than by increasing returns. Second, absolute advantages that have been ignored in international trade models for a long time play a vital role through their linkages with product quality and export diversification. We also discuss a new strand of literature that models international trade with the assumption of non-homothetic preferences.
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Alberto Lopez-Arevalo, Jorge, Francisco Garcia-Fernandez, and Rafael Alejandro Vaquera-Salazar. "The Intra and Inter Industry Trade of Cuba (2000-2014)." Journal of International Business and Economy 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2016.2.6.

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The aim of this study is to analyze Cuba’s foreign trade with three main partners during the so-called Special Period, a result from the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. With the absence of the Mutual Economic Assistance Council (MEAC), Cuba had to make structural changes in its economy and foreign trade. A center-periphery model of doing business between Cuba and its trade partners was implemented. Under this model, China became Cuba’s main supplier of manufactured goods and Cuba supplied raw materials. Foreign trade in Cuba was limited due to the economic embargo from the United States. Nowadays, the relation between these two countries has become more of a trading collaboration. The United States has turned into one of Cuba’s main food suppliers, while Cuba exports art pieces and antiquities to that country. Russia also became a main exporter of manufactured goods and machinery to Cuba, just as China. In return, Cuba is sending raw materials to both of those countries.
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7

Celi, Giuseppe. "The Labour Market Effects of International Trade in the Presence of Vertical Product Differentiation: Some Methodological Remarks in Retrospect." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14030109.

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The paper retrospectively analyses the issue of the impact of international trade on developed countries’ labour markets in the 1990s, when the majority of academic opinion denied the role of trade in the misfortunes of unskilled workers. An analytical framework is proposed in which intra-industry trade is explained in terms of countries’ factor endowments and factor intensities of goods. Unlike the traditional Heckscher–Ohlin model of inter-industry trade, the model suggested here is more consistent with stylised facts about North–South trade. The paper also proposes a method for empirically assessing factor substitution effects at the product level. Inferring the factor content of intra-industry trade from the inter-sectoral relationship between factor intensity and average unit values of exports, the paper found that the labour market effects of intra-industry trade add significantly to the estimated factor market impact of trade.
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8

Islam, Anisul M. "Inter- and Intra-industry Trade Relations between Bangladesh and India: Empirical Results." FIIB Business Review 7, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319714518805182.

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Bangladesh and India are two neighbouring countries in South Asia having strong political, diplomatic, trade and economic ties with each other. This article reviews and updates on the inter- and intra-industry trade relationship between these two countries using more recent data. More specifically, it examines the relative position of the two countries in global trade followed by trends and patters of bilateral trade using aggregative data. At a disaggregate level, the commodity composition of Bangladesh exports to and imports from India by major product categories is examined focusing on the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) to review and update the degree of inter-industry trade. Further, the Grubel–Lloyd index (GLI; Grubel & Lloyd, 1975 ) is examined to measure the degree of intra-industry trade by major commodity groups. The article finds that India has a much stronger relative position in the global trade vis-à-vis Bangladesh. India is also found to dominate Bangladesh in bilateral trade, resulting in a very large and persistent trade deficit of Bangladesh with India. At a disaggregated level, the article finds that India has a comparative advantage in more products than Bangladesh and that the GLI shows that the degree of intra-industry trade is almost negligible between the two countries.
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9

Tarabusi, Claudio Casadio, and Graham Vickery. "Globalization in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Part I." International Journal of Health Services 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 67–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7jdr-2tfn-2b3x-tyf5.

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This report on the pharmaceutical industry will be published in two parts. Part I begins with a summary of the study and its conclusions. The authors then provide an overview of the characteristics of the industry and current trends in its growth and structure: production and consumption, employment, research and development, capital investment, firm and product concentration and product competition, and pricing. A discussion of international trade follows, covering intra- and inter-regional, intra-firm, and intra-industry trade. The report will continue in the next issue of the Journal (Part II) with a look at foreign direct investment, inter-firm networks, and governmental policies.
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10

Özgür Kayalica, M., and Gülgün Kayakutlu. "Intra-industry trade with pollution concerned cooperation." Environmental Economics 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(1).2016.01.

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The authors develop a two-country, two-firm intra-industry trade model. Each firm is operating at its home country and producing homogeneous goods to be consumed in both countries. Governments apply quantity restriction on pollution. Every individual country is affected from the pollution generated during the production process of its own firm. The model shows that efficiency in pollution abatement technology plays a crucial role on welfare maximizing effort of governments. A critical level of pollution abatement technology determines the preponderance of environmental misgivings in welfare maximizing behavior. The more efficient the firms in pollution abatement technology, the less stricter the governments will be in their policies to reduce negative environmental externalities
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11

Nonejad, Masoud. "Measuring Goods Quality in Iran’s Intra- Industry Trade with G-8 Member States." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2012): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i6.334.

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As economic integration in East Asia progresses, trade patterns within region are displaying an ever – greater complexity. Though inter – industry trade still accounts for the majority, its share in overall trade is declining. Instead, intra – industry trade (IIT), which can be further divided into horizontal IIT (HIIT) and vertical IIT (VIIT) is growing in importance. In this paper, we set out and examine different kinds of intra- industry trade between Iran and G-8 member states by comparing the Greenway, Hine and Milner (1994) and Fontagne and Freudenberg (1997) approaches to disentangling vertical and horizontal intra – industry trade. Then we introduce and examine a new index from Azhar and Elliott to define product quality types between Iran and G-8 members for the time of 2001-2009. Result shows that a significant share of Iran’s industry trade with G-8 state members has been assigned to vertical intra – industry trade. With regarded to Azhar and Elliott index, the main share of intra- industry trade consists of low quality goods.
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12

Peterson, Timothy M., and Cameron G. Thies. "Beyond Ricardo: The Link between Intra-Industry Trade and Peace." British Journal of Political Science 42, no. 4 (May 3, 2012): 747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000129.

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In this article, it is argued that horizontal intra-industry trade is associated with reduced conflict propensity within dyads. Horizontal intra-industry trade is characterized by participation in international markets for similar – in many cases, branded – commodities, resulting from economies of scale and consumer tastes for variety. Conversely, inter-industry trade in accordance with the Ricardian and Heckscher–Ohlin models, while providing valuable trade gains, in some instances provokes vulnerability to trade partners, such that its overall impact on dyadic conflict is ambiguous. Support for this expectation is found in empirical tests spanning from 1963 to 2001. Additionally, there is evidence that development is insufficient to preclude conflict when jointly developed dyads engage in no intra-industry trade.
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13

Bano, Sayeeda. "Intra-Industry Trade and Determinant: Evidence for ASEAN-Australia and New Zealand in the Context of AANZFTA." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i4.13778.

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This study examines the changing patterns and direction of trade between Association of South- East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Australia and New Zealand in the context of the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area/Agreement (AANZFTA) signed in 2010. It investigates the extent of ASEAN’s intra-industry trade with Australia and New Zealand at the 3-digit disaggregated SITC level for the period 1990 to 2014. The study includes an analysis of intra-industry trade indices of trade intensities, the marginal intra-industry trade and the econometric model to identify the determinants of intra-industry trade. The results show that trade in general has increased and intra-industry trade between ASEAN-Australia increased specifically in manufacturing. New Zealand has developed intra-industry trade in both the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. Marginal intra- industry results suggest that some industries transforming from inter-industry trade patterns to intra-industry trade. The results of regression analysis provide some support to the thesis that increase in IIT comes naturally with high average incomes of trade partners and large average market size. As a country’s level of income goes up and its standard of living rise, its citizens tend demand and consume more high quality differentiated products, leading to higher levels of intra-industry trade. This study differs from the existing literature in terms of its scope, methods and policy perspectives. The findings have policy relevance for the ongoing negotiations for a regional comprehensive economic partnership with ASEAN 10, India, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It is reasonable to suggest that intra-industry trade be given due consideration in ongoing regional and bilateral trade negotiations for potential mutual gains from trade for a sustainable regional economic growth.
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14

Pawlak, Karolina. "INTENSITY AND STRUCTURE OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS OBSERVED IN POLISH AND EU FOREIGN TRADE WITH THE US." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5812.

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The aim of this paper was to investigate the intensity and determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products of Poland and the EU with the US. Analysis was based on data coming from the Comext-Eurostat database applying the 6-digit HS classification in 2007 and 2018. The intensity of intra-industry trade was established using the Grubel-Lloyd index, taking the diversification of intra-industry trade into horizontal, high-quality vertical, and low-quality vertical trade into consideration. The individual types were determined applying the criteria of similarity in unit values in exports and imports, proposed by David Greenaway et al. [1994]. Analysis showed that trade in agri-food products of Poland and the EU with the US developed mainly following a model of inter-industry specialisation. Intra-industry trade was observed primarily in trade in highly processed products. Analyses of EU trade with the US indicate the greatest role of intra-industry trade in high quality differentiated products, which may hardly be supplemented by other goods, while in Polish trade with the US it was vertical trade in low quality goods, which may be relatively readily replaced by products coming from other countries, in turn potentially leading to the loss of Poland’s share in the target market.
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15

Akoto, William, Timothy M. Peterson, and Cameron G. Thies. "Trade Composition and Acquiescence to Sanction Threats." Political Research Quarterly 73, no. 3 (April 8, 2019): 526–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912919837608.

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In this article, we argue that the composition of trade is an important determinant of vulnerability to sanctions. Trade composition has changed considerably over the years since World War II, with growth in intra-industry trade: the exchange of similar, often branded, commodities that follows from varied consumer preferences and economies of scale. Conversely, we see relatively less of the traditional inter-industry trade: exchange of distinct and often homogeneous commodities that follows from comparative advantage. We demonstrate that targets maintaining higher proportions of intra-industry trade with senders benefit from greater resilience against economic coercion and thus are less likely to acquiesce to sanction threats. Importantly, however, we contend that bilateral intra-industry trade does not necessarily prevent the onset of sanction threats. Statistical tests of sanction threat cases and directed dyad-years spanning 1962–2005 support our expectations.
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16

Becuwe, Stéphane, Bertrand Blancheton, and Christopher M. Meissner. "The French (Trade) Revolution of 1860: Intra-Industry Trade and Smooth Adjustment." Journal of Economic History 81, no. 3 (September 2021): 688–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050721000371.

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The Cobden-Chevalier treaty of 1860 eliminated French import prohibitions and lowered tariffs between France and Great Britain. The policy change was largely unexpected and unusually free from direct lobbying. A series of commercial treaties with other nations followed. Post-1860, we find a significant rise in French intra-industry trade. Sectors that liberalized more experienced higher two-way trade. Our findings are consistent with the idea that trade liberalization led to “smooth adjustment” that avoided costly inter-sectoral re-allocations of factors.
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17

Khachatryan, Hayk, Alan W. Hodges, Marco A. Palma, and Charles R. Hall. "Trade Flows within the U.S. Nursery Industry." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-34.1.19.

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This study summarizes regional trade flows in the U.S. nursery industry by incorporating origin and destination (OD) sales data from a national survey of ornamental plant growers and dealers conducted in 2014. Specifically, we discuss: 1) regional annual sales reported by the green industry firms in 2013, 2) percentage distribution of OD trade flows by regions and states, and 3) differences in the percentage distribution of OD trade flows during the 5-year period by region. Of 32,000 questionnaires sent via mail and email, a total of 2,657 usable observations were received and used in the analysis. The OD trade flow results were then compared with those of 2008 estimates by eight United States regions. The highest proportion of inter-regional sales were reported by firms in the Appalachian (35.7%), followed by Mountain (25.4%), and Southeast (19.1%) regions, and the lowest inter-regional sales were in the Midwest (2.2%) and Great Plains (0.9%) regions. The results show considerable changes in both intra-state (within home state) and inter-regional (between states) trade flows from 2008 to 2013. Overall, intra-regional trade in the Great Plains, Midwest, Pacific, and Southeast regions increased by 9.9, 3.7, 1.6, and 7.8% from 2008 to 2013, respectively. However, the proportion of sales within Appalachian, Mountain, Northeast and Southcentral regions, decreased by 11.1, 8.3, 3.8 and 0.2%, respectively. Implications for relevant green industry stakeholders are discussed.
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18

Knuth, Melinda J., Hayk Khachatryan, Charles R. Hall, Marco A. Palma, Alan W. Hodges, Ariana P. Torres, and Robin G. Brumfield. "Trade Flows within the United States Nursery Industry in 2018." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-39.2.77.

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Abstract This study is a continuation of the series of summaries by the Green Industry Research Consortium examining the regional trade flows in the U.S. nursery industry. This detailed analysis of green industry regional trade flows in eight U.S. regions compares 2018 data with those of the 2008 and 2013 national survey estimates of origin and destination (OD) information to sales data. Specifically, we discuss: 1) regional annual sales reported by the green industry firms in 2018, 2) the percentage distribution of OD trade flows by regions and states, 3) differences in the percentage distribution of OD trade flows during the 5-year period by region (2013 to 2018), and 4) differences in the percentage distribution of OD trade flows during the 10-year period by region (2008 to 2018) for both intra-state (within home state) and inter-regional (between states) trade flows. The OD trade flow results were compared with those of 2008 and 2013. The results show considerable changes in intra-state and inter-regional trade flows from 2013 to 2018. From 2008 to 2018, only the Southcentral region increased in the proportion of sales within the region. Implications for relevant green industry stakeholders are discussed.
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19

Melitz, Marc J., and Daniel Trefler. "Gains from Trade when Firms Matter." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.2.91.

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The rising prominence of intra-industry trade and huge multinationals has transformed the way economists think about the gains from trade. In the past, we focused on gains that stemmed either from endowment differences (wheat for iron ore) or inter-industry comparative advantage (David Ricardo's classic example of cloth for port). Today, we focus on three sources of gains from trade: 1) love-of-variety gains associated with intra-industry trade; 2) allocative efficiency gains associated with shifting labor and capital out of small, less-productive firms and into large, more-productive firms; and 3) productive efficiency gains associated with trade-induced innovation. This paper reviews these three sources of gains from trade both theoretically and empirically. Our empirical evidence will be centered on the experience of Canada following its closer economic integration in 1989 with the United States—the largest example of bilateral intra-industry trade in the world—but we will also describe evidence for other countries.
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20

Fung, K. C. "Collusive Intra-Industry Trade." Canadian Journal of Economics 24, no. 2 (May 1991): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135629.

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21

Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. "Dissecting intra-industry trade." Economics Letters 110, no. 2 (February 2011): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.10.004.

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22

SALIM, RUHUL, AMIRUL ISLAM, and HARRY BLOCH. "PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE AUTOMOTIVE AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES SECTORS." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 03 (June 2018): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500836.

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Using finely disaggregated data at six-digit harmonized code classification level, this paper examines the patterns and determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in the automobile and electrical appliances sectors during the past few decades among the six major Southeast Asian countries. It is found from the analysis of the data that intra-industry trade is much higher than the inter-industry trade in each of these two sectors. Further, the determinants of these two types of trade are found to differ somewhat in terms of sign and magnitude across the sectors, implying the importance of sector-specific factors as influences on the pattern of trade.
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23

Bergstrand, Jeffrey H., and Peter Egger. "Trade Costs and Intra-Industry Trade." Review of World Economics 142, no. 3 (October 2006): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-006-0075-7.

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24

Niroomand, Farhang. "Inter-versus intra-industry trade: A note on U.S. trends, 1963–1980." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 124, no. 2 (June 1988): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706783.

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25

Saiki, Ayako. "Business Cycle Synchronization and Vertical Trade Integration: A Case Study of the Eurozone and East Asia." Global Economy Journal 18, no. 1 (March 2018): 20170101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0101.

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Business cycle synchronization is one of the crucial conditions for a currency union to be successful. Frankel and Rose (1998) argued that increased trade after euro adoption would increase business cycle synchronization ex-ante. However, the fallout of the Eurozone forcefully demonstrated that their optimistic prediction did not turn out to be true. One thing Frankel and Rose (1998) did not examine is how different types of trade (inter vs. intra, vertical vs. horizontal, etc.) intensify/dampens business cycle synchronization. In this light, this paper empirically examines how different types of trade affect business cycle synchronization in what way. This study takes two major economic blocs that have been going under rapid economic integrations: The original Eurozone members and East Asia – integration of former mainly developing by European government initiative and the latter naturally forming by the global supply chain and associated product segmentation. Comparing these two very different economic blocs with very different factor endowment structures would give us a more convincing answer to how different types of trade can influence business cycle synchronization differently. Our key finding is that, on the contrary to Frankel and Rose (1998) , the impact of increased trade intensity on business cycle co-movement is ambiguous. The impact of trade on business cycle synchronization depends on types of trade. Intra-industry trade, especially vertical intra-industry trade which is rapidly growing in East Asia, has a strong positive effect on business cycle synchronization while inter-industry trade does not.
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Co, Catherine Yap. "Intra- and inter-firm US trade." International Review of Economics & Finance 19, no. 2 (April 2010): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.07.004.

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27

Pawlak, Karolina, and Walenty Poczta. "Handel wewnątrzgałęziowy w wymianie produktami rolno spożywczymi UE z USA." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.4.59.

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The aim of the paper was to examine the intensity and to determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products between the EU and US. The analysis was based on data from the Comext-Eurostat database and it was carried out at the 6-digit level of HS classification in 2007-2018. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that trade in agri-food products between the EU and US is developing mainly in accordance with the model of inter-industry specialisation, which in the years 2007-2018 was strengthening and deepening. Intra-industry trade, vertical rather than horizontal, was primarily observed in the exchange of products with a higher degree of processing.
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28

Leitão, Nuno Carlos. "United States’ Intra-Industry Trade." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 24, no. 2 (January 2011): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2011.11517456.

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29

Khalifah, Noor Aini. "AFTA and Intra-Industry Trade." Asean Economic Bulletin 12, no. 3 (March 1996): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae12-3d.

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30

Hellvin, Lisbeth. "Intra-Industry Trade in Asia." International Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (December 1994): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739400000043.

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31

Hellvin, Lisbeth. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN ASIA." International Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739400080027.

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32

Ratnayake, Ravindra, and Sisira Jayasuriya. "Intra-industry trade and protection." Economics Letters 36, no. 1 (May 1991): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(91)90058-s.

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33

Yu, Zhihao. "Entrepreneurship and intra-industry trade." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 138, no. 2 (June 2002): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707745.

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34

Thom, Rodney, and Moore McDowell. "Measuring marginal intra-industry trade." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 135, no. 1 (March 1999): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708158.

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35

Fertő, I. "Intra-industry trade in horizontally and vertically differentiated agri-food products between Hungary and the EU." Acta Oeconomica 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.57.2007.2.3.

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Horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade (IIT) in agri-food products between Hungary and the EU is investigated. Intra-industry trade is separated into horizontal and vertical components on the basis of differences in unit values. Three different approaches to measuring IIT are employed and tested using standard regression models. Results show that horizontal IIT in agri-food products is low, but vertical type trade is more prevalent, though still less important than inter-industry trade. The results lend support to the contention that there are different determinants for horizontal and vertical IIT. More importantly, using a measure of IIT that reflects the level of trade produces better regression results than those based on the degree or share of IIT. The model relating to Hungary’s vertical IIT in agri-food products yields the most promising results in terms of a priori expectations.
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36

Balogh, Jeremiás Maté, and Nuno Carlos Leitão. "A gravity approach of agricultural trade: The nexus of the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 11 (November 20, 2019): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/131/2019-agricecon.

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The European Union (EU) is one of the biggest traders of agricultural products. In 2017, extra-EU agricultural trade accounted for 7.4% of the total EU international trade. Furthermore, Europe is the main destination for agricultural goods arriving from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) trading partners. The paper analyses the effect of geographical proximity, cultural similarity, free trade agreements on bilateral agricultural trade as well as intra-industry trade between EU member states and its trading partners (intra and extra EU trade), employing gravity model for a period of 1996–2017. Regression results suggest that EU countries export more agricultural products to their common markets. In addition, the export costs of agricultural products are lower if the EU and its external trading partners are culturally similar; have the same religion or both have regional trade agreements. We found a moderate intra-industry trade between the EU and ACP countries at 18%. The results indicate rather inter-industry trade between EU and non-EU members, with a lower index level for ACP countries. A higher positive impact is revealed on the agricultural import between ACP-EU countries than export.
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37

LEE, Chang-Soo, and Jong Gyu JEON. "South Korea-ASEAN Trade Linkages." East Asian Policy 09, no. 04 (October 2017): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000368.

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This paper quantifies the Association of Southeast Asian Nations’ (ASEAN) trade linkages with other regional blocs and countries to determine the characteristics of ASEAN’s inter- and intra-regional trade. The competitiveness of member countries and that of rival countries such as China, Japan and Korea are then evaluated at the industry level. Finally, ASEAN member countries’ gross exports in the main exporting industries are decomposed to identify the global value chain features of ASEAN’s trade.
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38

Domańska, Agnieszka, and Dobromił Serwa. "Vulnerability to foreign macroeconomic shocks – an empirical study in cross-industry perspective. Example of 2008–2009 global crisis in Europe*." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 150–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2013-0003.

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Abstract The paper analyses the factors explaining the vulnerability of the European countries’ industries to foreign trade and production downturn in the years 2008-2009 and attempts to identify branches and industries (or their features significant in this context) that most greatly contributed to the last crisis transmission in Europe, mainly through the slump in their trade. Among those factors we took into particular consideration: the level of specialization versus diversification of the export basket and production, trade openness in the cross-country and cross-industry perspective, the intra-industry/inter-industry structure of trade and the financial openness.
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39

Globerman, Steven. "North American trade liberalization and intra-industry trade." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 128, no. 3 (September 1992): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707363.

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40

RANA, PRADUMNA B. "TRADE INTENSITY AND BUSINESS CYCLE SYNCHRONIZATION: THE CASE OF EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES." Singapore Economic Review 53, no. 02 (August 2008): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759080800294x.

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This paper examines whether increasing trade intensities among East Asian countries have led to a synchronization of business cycles. It extends the work of Shin and Wang (2004) in two ways: by improving the specification of their business cycle correlation equation and by extending the sample to cover the post-crisis period. The study finds that intra-industry trade, rather than inter-industry trade, is the major factor in explaining business cycle co-movements in East Asia. This result has important implications for the prospects of introducing a single currency in the region.
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41

Lundberg, Lars. "Economic Integration, Inter- and Intra-Industry Trade: The Case of Sweden and the EC." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 94, no. 3 (September 1992): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440069.

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42

Cabral, Manuel, Rod E. Falvey, and Chris R. Milner. "The Skill Content of Inter- and Intra-Industry Trade: Evidence for the United Kingdom." Review of World Economics 142, no. 3 (October 2006): 546–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-006-0080-x.

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43

PIERI, R., D. RAMA, and L. VENTURINI. "Intra-industry trade in the European dairy industry." European Review of Agricultural Economics 24, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/24.3-4.411.

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44

Somma, Ernesto. "Intra-industry trade in the European computers industry." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130, no. 4 (December 1994): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707537.

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45

Muryani, Muryani, and Anisa Dyan Pratiwi. "Intra-Industry Trading Factors and Patterns in ASEAN-5 Region." Jurnal Global Strategis 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.12.2.2018.41-52.

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The large expansion of trade in the form of Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) in ASEAN is driving large volumes and variety of traded goods and is changing patterns of trade across members. This paper examines the factors affecting the level of IIT for ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) in the period of 2004-2014. IIT is measured with Grubel-Lloyd index covering ten different one-digit SITC categories. The result indicates a large Intra-Industry Trade among ASEAN countries and across most manufacturing sectors. IIT Index is employed as a dependent variable, and four variables are used as independent variables: 1) different GDP per capita, 2) foreign direct investment (FDI), 3) trade openness, and 4) distance. Different GDP per capita and trade openness have a positive effect on IIT. FDI does not affect IIT, and distance has a negative effect on IIT across intra-ASEAN trade. Keywords: International Trade, Intra-Industry Trade, Grubel-Lloyd, Panel Data Analysis
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46

Shin, Kwanho, and Yunjong Wang. "Trade Integration and Business Cycle Synchronization in East Asia." Asian Economic Papers 2, no. 3 (September 2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep.2003.2.3.1.

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As trade integration deepens in East Asia, closer links among the business cycles of East Asian countries can be expected. Theoretically, however, increased trade could lead to either closer or looser business cycles across trading partners. This paper seeks to understand how the business cycles of 12 Asian economies have been influenced by increased trade among them. It finds that the increasing trade itself is not necessarily associated with an increased synchronization of their business cycles. Intra-industry trade, rather than inter-industry trade or the volume of trade itself, is the major channel through which their business cycles become synchronized. This result has important implications for the prospects for a unified currency in the region.
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47

Black, John, David Greenaway, and Chris Milner. "The Economics of Intra-Industry Trade." Economic Journal 98, no. 391 (June 1988): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233400.

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48

Dasgupta, Sudipto, Tridip Ray, and Kit Pong Wong. "Uncertainty, arbitrage and intra-industry trade." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique 35, no. 4 (November 2002): 757–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.00153.

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49

Straume, Odd Rune. "Union collusion and intra-industry trade." International Journal of Industrial Organization 20, no. 5 (May 2002): 631–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(01)00091-1.

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50

Cukrowski, Jacek, and Ernest Aksen. "Perfect competition and intra-industry trade." Economics Letters 78, no. 1 (January 2003): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(02)00170-2.

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