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1

Sampath Kumar, Venkatesan, Vinay J. Chacko, Mikhil V. Jain, Pranshu Agrawal, and Aslam Mohammed. "Intra-articular Hip Injection." Techniques in Orthopaedics 32, no. 2 (June 2017): e5-e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bto.0000000000000201.

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2

Manandhar, Rajeev Raj, Krishna Raj Khanal, Himal Khanal, and Saroj Gautam. "Comparison of combined intra-articular and sub-acromial injection with intra-articular injection in adhesive capsulitis." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 10, no. 1 (September 22, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v10i1.38969.

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Background: The pain and limitation of shoulder function can disrupt daily activities of patients for months to years. Adhesive capsulitis is considered a self-limiting disease but the duration remains uncertain. The brunt of the disease is focussed on the inflamed joint capsule. On this basis, use of corticosteroid injection is justified. However, injection method is not conclusive. Objectives: To compare clinical benefits of intra-articular injection alone versus combined intra-articular and subacromial injections in management of adhesive capsulitis. Methods: Fifty-nine patients with diagnostic criteria for adhesive capsulitis were included in the study from March 2019 to September 2020. Patients were divided into two groups; patients who underwent intra-articular (IA) injection alone (Group 1) and those who received both intra-articular and sub-acromial (IA+SA) injection (Group 2). The injections were landmark guided. Patients were followed up at three, six, and 12 weeks. Pain was recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) and subjective function using Constant-Murley score. Results: Twenty-eight patients were included in Group 1 (IA) and 31 in Group 2 (IA+SA). Thirty-six patients were female (18 each in Group 1 and Group 2) and 23 patients were male (Group 1 = 13; Group 2 = 10). In the twelfth week, VAS score was reduced in both the groups. On comparing the mean value of Constant-Murley score between the two groups there is significant difference in value recorded at the sixth and twelfth week. Conclusion: The IA+SA injection provides significant reduction in pain and better function in the short term over the IA injection.
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3

Anderson, Sophia E., Bart Lubberts, Anne D. Strong, Daniel Guss, A. Holly Johnson, and Christopher W. DiGiovanni. "Adverse Events and Their Risk Factors Following Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections of the Ankle or Subtalar Joint." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719835759.

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Background: Little data exists regarding the incidence of adverse events and their associated risk factors following intra-articular corticosteroid injection of the ankle and subtalar joint. The aim of this study was to determine the complication rate associated with such injections and to identify any predictive risk factors. Methods: Adult patients who had received an intra-articular ankle or subtalar joint injection between January 2000 and April 2016 at one of 3 regional hospitals (2 level 1 trauma centers and 1 community hospital) were included. Patients with prior intra-articular injection of corticosteroid into the ankle or subtalar joint were excluded. Explanatory variables were sex, age, race, body mass index, diabetes status, tobacco use, presence of fluoroscopic guidance, location of intra-articular injection, and administering physician’s years of experience. Results: Of the 1708 patients included in the final cohort, 99 patients (5.8%) had a total of 104 adverse events within 90 days postinjection. The most prevalent types of adverse events were postinjection flare in 78 patients (4.6% of total cohort, 75% of adverse events) followed by skin reaction in 10 patients (0.6% of total cohort, 9% of adverse events). No infections were noted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that intra-articular injection in the subtalar ( P = .004) was independently associated with development of an adverse event. Fluoroscopic guidance was not found to be protective of an adverse event compared to nonguided injections ( P = .476). Conclusion: The adverse event rate following intra-articular ankle or subtalar joint corticosteroid injection was 5.8%, with postinjection flare being the most common complication. Infections following injection were not reported. Injection into the subtalar joint was independently associated with the development of an adverse event after intra-articular corticosteroid injection, and this was not mitigated by the use of fluoroscopic guidance. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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4

Wasserman, Bradley R., Sarah Pettrone, Laith M. Jazrawi, Joseph D. Zuckerman, and Andrew S. Rokito. "Accuracy of Acromioclavicular Joint Injections." American Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 1 (November 27, 2012): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512467010.

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Background: Injection to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of in vivo AC joint injections. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Thirty patients with pain localized to the AC joint were injected with 1 mL of 1% lidocaine and 0.5 mL of radiographic contrast material (Isovue). Radiographs of the AC joint were taken after the injection. Each radiograph was reviewed by a musculoskeletal radiologist and graded as intra-articular, extra-articular, or partially intra-articular. Results: Of the 30 injections performed, 13 (43.3%) were intra-articular, 7 (23.3%) were partially articular, and 10 (33.3%) were extra-articular. When the intra-articular and the partially articular groups were combined, 20 patients (66.7%) had some contrast dye in the AC joint. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that despite the relatively superficial location of the AC joint, the clinical accuracy of AC joint injections remains relatively low.
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Heidari, Nima, Tanja Kraus, Stefan Fischerauer, Norbert Tesch, and Annelie Weinberg. "Do the Presence of Pathologic Changes and the Level of Operator Experience Alter the Rate of Intra-Articular Injection of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint?" Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 103, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1030204.

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Background: Injections, punctures, and aspirations of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are common interventions. Accurate intra-articular placement of the needle is a prerequisite for the achievement of desirable results and the avoidance of complications. We evaluated the rate of successful intra-articular injections and the influence of the degree of operator experience in achieving this success. Methods: A total of 106 cadaveric metatarsophalangeal joints were injected with a methylene blue–containing solution and subsequently dissected to distinguish intra-articular from periarticular injections. To evaluate the importance of experience, 38 injections were performed by a student, 38 by a trained resident, and 30 by an experienced surgeon. In the second part of the study, we examined the relation of pathologic findings of the metatarsophalangeal joint and the accuracy of intra-articular injection. Results: The overall rate of unintentional periarticular injections remained low (9.4%; 10 of 106 joints). The student achieved a successful intra-articular injection in 86.8% of joints (33 of 38), the resident in 92.1% (35 of 38), and the specialist in 93.3% (28 of 30). The number of extra-articular injections increased significantly with the presence of deformity (hallux valgus) and arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Conclusions: The presence of pathologic changes reduces the rate of successful intra-articular joint puncture. However, the overall frequency of successful intra-articular injections can be improved through experience and the use of imaging. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(3): 204–207, 2013)
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6

Kim, Moon, Clara Tyson, and Laurene Mascola. "Outbreak of Joint Infections Associated with Magnetic Resonance Arthrograms Performed at an Outpatient Radiology Center." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 11 (November 2013): 1215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/673457.

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An outbreak of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus joint infections occurred at an outpatient radiology center. We identified 7 case patients; all had undergone magnetic resonance arthrograms with intra-articular joint injections. The outbreak was likely due to unsafe injection practices in preparation of contrast solution for intra-articular injection.
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7

Silva, Simone, Luca Andriolo, Angelo Boffa, Alessandro Di Martino, Davide Reale, Giulio Vara, Marco Miceli, et al. "Prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial protocol comparing bone marrow aspirate concentrate intra-articular injection combined with subchondral injection versus intra-articular injection alone for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e062632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062632.

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IntroductionSubchondral and intra-articular injections of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) showed promising results for knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. To date, there is no evidence to demonstrate whether the combination of these treatments provides higher benefits than the intra-articular injection alone.Methods and analysisEighty-six patients with symptomatic knee OA (aged between 40 and 70 years) are randomised to BMAC intra-articular injection combined with subchondral BMAC injection or BMAC intra-articular injection alone in a ratio of 1:1. The primary outcome is the total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the secondary outcomes are the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective and Objective Knee Evaluation Form, the Tegner activity scale, the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale, and the health questionnaire European Quality of Life Five Dimension score. Additional CT and MRI evaluations are performed at the baseline assessment and at the final 12-month follow-up. The hypothesis is that the combined injections provide higher knee pain and function improvement compared with BMAC intra-articular injection alone. The primary analysis follows an intention to treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Emilia Wide Area Ethical Committee of the Emilia-Romagna Region (CE-AVEC), Bologna, Italy. Written informed consent is obtained from all the participants. Findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Protocol versionVersion 1 (14 May 2018).Trial registration numberNCT03876795.
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8

Kim, Whan B., and Raed O. Alhusayen. "Skin Necrosis from Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid Injection." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 2 (March 2015): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2014.14081.

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Background Tissue necrosis is a rare yet potentially serious complication of intra-articular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Objective To report a case of a patient with cutaneous necrosis after IA HA injection for treatment of knee osteoarthritis, presenting as a livedoid violaceous patch on the right knee. Method We report a case of cutaneous necrosis as a rare complication of IA HA injection for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. A literature review was undertaken of similar cases. Results Use of HA IA injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis can result in similar skin necrosis at uncommon anatomic locations corresponding to the site of HA injection. Conclusion Although tissue necrosis is a rare complication, physicians need to be aware of this possibility as a complication of HA IA injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis and should be mindful of potential treatment options to manage this adverse event.
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9

Harna, Bushu, Vijay Gupta, Shivali Arya, Naveen Jeyaraman, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran, Madhan Jeyaraman, Prakash Gangadaran, Manish Khanna, Chae Moon Hong, and Byeong-Cheol Ahn. "Current Role of Intra-Articular Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder: A Systematic Review." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010021.

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Adhesive capsulitis shoulder is a common problem of patients presenting with shoulder pain and disability. The approach to such patients includes a variety of modalities. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of intra-articular injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment. A literature search was performed between January 2010 and 30 May 2022. MeSH terms used were ‘Platelet-rich plasma’ OR ‘PRP’ AND ‘Frozen shoulder’ OR ‘Adhesive capsulitis shoulder’ OR ‘Periarthritis shoulder’. The search included published articles in the English language involving human subjects. Studies evaluating other types of shoulder disorders, in vitro studies, review articles, animal-model studies, and pre-clinical trials were excluded. The data regarding study characteristics, efficacy, and safety outcomes were analyzed. A total of 11 studies with 347 patients over 10 years were finally included in this review. Most publications were in 2019 and 2020, mostly from India. This review included seven comparative studies, three case series, and one case report. In seven studies, a single intra-articular PRP injection was administered, whereas in the rest of the studies two or multiple injections were given. Only one study demonstrated an equivocal efficacy of PRP and steroid intra-articular injection. The rest all depicted better clinical and functional outcomes with the PRP injection. Only one study compared the outcomes of hydro-dissection treatment in adhesive capsulitis with the intra-articular PRP injection. The rest all either examined PRP alone or compared it with the steroid intra-articular injection. None of the studies showed any major side effects. The intra-articular injections of PRP in the management of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder provide a new treatment approach. Further studies are required to ascertain the efficacy and safety of the PRP intraarticular injection as a management alternative in adhesive capsulitis.
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10

Cho, Chul-Hyun, Hyo-Joon Jin, and Du Hwan Kim. "Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Idiopathic Frozen Shoulder and Diabetic Frozen Shoulder After a Single Ultrasound-Guided Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection." Diagnostics 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060370.

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There is no consensus on the use of intra-articular corticosteroid injections in diabetic frozen shoulder (FS). Thus, we aimed to compare clinical outcomes after intra-articular corticosteroid injections in patients with diabetic FS and idiopathic FS. Data collected from 142 FS patients who received glenohumeral joint intra-articular corticosteroid injections were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with diabetic FS and 110 patients with idiopathic FS. Data including visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, subjective shoulder value (SSV), and passive range of motion (ROM) were compared before the injection and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after the injection. There were significant improvements in all outcomes (p < 0.001 for all parameters) through 12 weeks in both groups. There were no significant differences in all outcomes, except for ASES scores, between both groups at 3 weeks. However, there were significant differences in VAS score, SSVs, ASES scores, and passive ROMs, except for angle of abduction, between the two groups at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after injection. A single intra-articular steroid injection can be used as a conservative treatment for diabetic FS, but less effective than for idiopathic FS.
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11

Varady, Nathan H., Troy B. Amen, Paul F. Abraham, Ahab Chopra, David M. Freccero, Eric L. Smith, and Scott D. Martin. "Image-Guided Intra-articular Hip Injections and Risk of Infection After Hip Arthroscopy." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 9 (June 23, 2021): 2482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211022798.

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Background: Although intra-articular injections are important in the management of patients who may later undergo hip arthroscopy, conflicting data are available regarding the safety of such injections when administered within 3 months of surgery. Furthermore, despite the increasing use of image-guided intra-articular hip injections, it is unknown whether the type of imaging modality used is associated with infection after hip arthroscopy. Purpose: To assess the risk of infection associated with image-guided intra-articular injections before hip arthroscopy and, secondarily, compare that risk between ultrasound (US) and fluoroscopic (FL) guidance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients in a large national insurance database who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2007 and 2017. Patients were required to have continuous enrollment from at least 1 year before to 6 months after hip arthroscopy. Patient age, sex, geographic region, medical history, surgical details, and hip injections were collected. Patients who underwent injection ≤3 months preoperatively and >3 to ≤12 months preoperatively were compared with patients who did not undergo preoperative injection. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the association between ipsilateral preoperative hip injection and surgical site infection within 6 months of surgery. Results: We identified 17,987 patients (36.3% female; mean ± SD age, 37.6 ± 14.0 years) undergoing hip arthroscopy, 2276 (12.7%) of whom had an image-guided hip injection in the year preceding surgery (53.0% FL). Patients who underwent intra-articular injection ≤3 months preoperatively had similar infection rates to patients who did not undergo preoperative injection in the year before surgery for both the FL (0.46% vs 0.46%; P≥ .995) and the US cohorts (0.50% vs 0.46%; P = .76). Results persisted in adjusted analysis (FL ≤3 months: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.32-3.37; P = .94; US ≤3 months: OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.36-3.90; P = .78). Similar results were seen for patients undergoing injections >3 to ≤12 months preoperatively. Conclusion: Postoperative infection was rare in patients undergoing intra-articular hip injection ≤3 months before hip arthroscopy and was no more common than in patients not undergoing preoperative injection. Moreover, no differences were seen in infection risk between US and FL guidance. Although intra-articular hip injections should always be administered with careful consideration, these results do not suggest that these injections are uniformly contraindicated in the 3 months preceding hip arthroscopy.
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12

Mujahed, Tala, Jeffrey D. Hassebrock, Justin L. Makovicka, Jordan R. Pollock, Justin G. Wilcox, Karan A. Patel, and Kostas J. Economopoulos. "Preoperative Intra-articular Steroid Injections as Predictors of Hip Arthroscopy: 2-Year Outcomes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 232596712110538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211053817.

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Background: In patients with femoroacetabular impingement, preoperative diagnostic injections are commonly used to establish a diagnosis of intra-articular pathology. In some cases, intra-articular steroid injections are also used for therapeutic purposes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine if a positive response to intra-articular steroid injection was predictive of superior outcomes after hip arthroscopy to determine if the response to intra-articular steroid injection was predictive of outcomes after hip arthroscopy. It was hypothesized that a positive response to a preoperative hip injection would be predictive of improved short- to midterm outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 208 patients who elected to have ultrasound-guided intra-articular steroid injection before they underwent hip arthroscopy between January 2016 and December 2016. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who showed improvement in pain after the injection (steroid responder group) and those who showed no response (nonresponder group). The authors compared the preoperative and 2-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes (modified Harris Hip Score [mHHS] and Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living [HOS-ADL]) and radiographic findings between groups. Clinical endpoints, including rates of revision and conversion to total hip arthroplasty, were also reviewed. Results: There were 88 patients in the nonresponder group and 120 patients in the responder group, with no significant between-group differences in preoperative descriptive variables. The responder group had significantly higher 2-year mHHS and HOS-ADL, pre- to postoperative change in mHHS and HOS-ADL, percentage of patients achieving the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) on the mHHS, and percentage of patients reaching the minimum clinically important difference and the PASS on the HOS-ADL. There was no difference in Tönnis grade, acetabular labrum articular disruption grade, revision rate, or conversion to total hip arthroplasty between the 2 groups. Conclusion: The response to preoperative intra-articular injection did aid in predicting 2-year patient-reported outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. Overall, the result of a preoperative intra-articular injection can be a helpful clinical tool for surgical decision-making and counseling patients on expected outcomes after hip arthroscopy.
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13

Verma, Vishal, Abhijeet Kunwar, Amresh Yadav, and Sudhanshu Verma. "Outcome of intra-articular corticosteroid vs. intra-articular ketorolac in symptomatic knee osteo-arthritis: a retrospective study." International Surgery Journal 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20220635.

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Background: Main target of treatment of osteoarthritis is improvement of pain relief and functional impairment. Intra-articular triamcinolone injections are most common treatment approach in India in the non-operative management of painful osteoarthritis knee. Corticosteroids can significantly reduce local inflammatory reactions but have side effects like cartilage toxicity and increase risk of local infection. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been considered as an alternative in intra-articular injections for analgesia. They have strong anti-inflammatory effects and fewer adverse reactions as compared with triamcinolone injections. The primary aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients with symptomatic knee osteo-arthritis receiving either an intra-articular ketorolac or corticosteroid injection.Methods: Our study is case-control, retrospective comparative study, a total of 50 patients with symptomatic knee osteo-arthritis, All patients received 4, weekly injection. triamcinolone or ketorolac for first three weeks and on 4th week only intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injections. All the parameters (VAS, WOMAC) were evaluated and recorded at 1st, 2nd, 5th weeks and 3 months after first injection.Results: At the first week, the VAS score was lower in group A, but no significant differences were found at any other time point as per WOMAC score and VAS score. And there was insignificant difference in group 1 and 2 scores.Conclusions: Both intra-articular injections regimen showed nearly same efficacy with clinically insignificant difference, ketorolac intra-articular injection can alleviate steroid’s side effects.
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Courtney, Philip, and Michael Doherty. "Intra-articular corticosteroid injection for osteoarthritis." International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 4, no. 6 (December 2009): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/ijr.09.51.

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15

Gupta, Aman, Megha Garg, Nameirakpam Johnson, and Pandiarajan Vignesh. "Hypopigmentation after intra-articular corticosteroid injection." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 3 (March 2019): e228921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228921.

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Jiang, Matthew, Keith Lim, and Mandana Nikpour. "Safety of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection." Radiology 294, no. 3 (March 2020): 720–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192552.

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17

Abraham, Paul F., and Scott D. Martin. "Safety of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection." Radiology 294, no. 3 (March 2020): 720–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192669.

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18

Chakraverty, Robin, and Richard Dias. "Audit of Conservative Management of Chronic Low Back Pain in a Secondary Care Setting – Part I: Facet Joint and Sacroiliac Joint Interventions." Acupuncture in Medicine 22, no. 4 (December 2004): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.22.4.207.

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The work of a chronic back pain service in secondary care in the West Midlands is reported. The service offers acupuncture, spinal injection procedures, osteopathy and a range of other interventions for patients whose back pain has not responded to conservative management. This section of the report focuses on injection procedures for lumbar facet joint and sacroiliac joint pain, which have been shown to be the cause of chronic low back pain in 16–40% and 13–19% of patients respectively. Diagnosis relies on the use of intra-articular or sensory nerve block injections with local anaesthetic. Possible treatments following diagnosis include intra-articular corticosteroid, radiofrequency denervation (for facet joint pain) or ligament prolotherapy injections (for sacroiliac joint pain). The results of several hospital audits are reported. At six month follow up, 50% of 38 patients undergoing radiofrequency denervation following diagnostic blocks for facet joint pain had improved by more than 50%, compared to 29% of 34 patients treated with intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Sixty three per cent of 19 patients undergoing prolotherapy following diagnostic block injection for sacroiliac joint pain had improved at six months, compared to 33% of 33 who had intra-articular corticosteroid. Both radiofrequency denervation and sacroiliac prolotherapy showed good long-term outcomes at one year.
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Lee, Ryan Ka Lok, and James F. Griffith. "Top-Ten Tips for Ultrasound-Guided Joint Injection." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 23, no. 04 (August 2019): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694755.

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AbstractUltrasound-guided joint injection is more accurate than palpation-guided injection and performed more frequently. Joint injection is helpful for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes as well as for injecting contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography arthrography. Ultrasound-guided joint injection helps ensure intra-articular injection and minimizes injury to para-articular soft tissues.
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Lin, Zhijin, and Ling He. "Intra-Articular Injection of PRP in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis Using Big Data." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (October 26, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4504155.

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Observing data on the characteristics of intra-articular injection of sodium citrate for knee osteoarthritis is an important reference value for human safety and evacuation design. To address the problems of slow data collection and poor accuracy of results of knee osteoarthritis behavior, under intensive conditions of intra-articular injection for knee osteoarthritis, this paper designs a data mining-based feature extraction system for intra-articular injection of sodium citrate for knee osteoarthritis. Using the Hadoop architecture, we extract the basic data of human behavior in the two-dimensional plane by storing and stitching the collected continuous data and discriminate the behavioral categories of knee osteoarthritis. We collected a real dataset from 84 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2020. The dataset was divided into 42 patients in the tretinoin group and 42 patients in the sodium glutamate group according to the randomized number table method. The trimethoprim group was treated with intra-articular injection of trimethoprim, and the sodium citrate group was treated with intra-articular injection of sodium citrate. The clinical efficacy, joint mobility, intra-articular fluid volume, Lysholm score of knee joint, numerical pain intensity scale (NRS) score, and adverse effects of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. In our experiments, we observed that, compared with triamcinolone acetonide intra-articular injection, sodium hyaluronate intra-articular injection is more effective in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. It can effectively improve knee function and reduce pain and adverse reactions.
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Protheroe, Derek, and Anirudh Gadgil. "Guided Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in the Midfoot." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 8 (June 25, 2018): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718779983.

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Background: Intra-articular corticosteroid injections are used for both their therapeutic and diagnostic function. There is a paucity of literature investigating the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injections into the midfoot. The aim of the study was to identify the efficacy of image guided intra-articular corticosteroid (Methylprednisolone) injections for midfoot osteoarthritis The null hypothesis of this study was there would be no benefit or increase of the Self-reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) from an intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Methods: SEFAS was collected at 4 and 12 months postinjection. A total of 37 consecutive patients who had 67 midfoot injections were recruited into the study over a 6-month period. Results: The mean SEFAS score preinjection was 17.0, at 4 months postinjection was 31.8 ( P < .001), and 12 months postinjection 21.3 ( P < .14). There was a statistically significant improvement in postinjection SEFAS ( P < .001) at 4 months. The null hypothesis of this study was rejected. Response to the injection was varied but patients with BMI less than 30 had a sustained ( P < .04) symptomatic improvement at 12 months when compared to the obese patients. Conclusion: Our findings support the use of corticosteroid injections as a viable diagnostic and therapeutic option following failed conservative treatment options prior to operative intervention. The results at 4 months were statistically significant with an additional finding of a difference observed between obese and nonobese patients. This may have implications for further educating the patient in effective weight loss that may improve symptom relief from intra-articular injection. Level of Clinical Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
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Stelzer, Wolfgang, Dominik Stelzer, Elisabeth Stelzer, Andreas Sammer, Elisabeth Aichner, Monika Braune, Byron J. Schneider, C. Duller, and Georg Feigl. "Success Rate of Intra-articular Sacroiliac Joint Injection: Fluoroscopy vs Ultrasound Guidance—A Cadaveric Study." Pain Medicine 20, no. 10 (April 6, 2019): 1890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz059.

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Abstract Background Given the unacceptably high miss rates of non-image-guided injections into the sacroiliac joint, either fluoroscopy or ultrasound is recommended for guidance. The real success rate of both techniques was assessed by cadaver dissection. Methods Twenty bodies donated to science (40 joints: 15 female and 5 male) were investigated bilaterally. Fluoroscopy and a lower ultrasound-guided approach were performed in 10 bodies each. Conditions during puncture, the subjective feeling of the needle being intra-articular, and, for fluoroscopic guidance, the intra-articular spread of the contrast were assessed. First, 0.5 cc of Iopamidol was injected, followed by 2 mL of red-colored latex. The spread was investigated by dissection via anterior opening of the sacroiliac joint and the dorsal ligaments. Results Ultrasound guidance was used in 1/20 (5%, 95% CI = 0.9–23.6%) intra-articular injections. In 19/20 (95%, 95% CI = 0.9–23.6%) cases, latex spread in the interosseous sacroiliac ligament was used. Conditions of structural visibility were classified as good in 11/20 (55%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%) cases, puncture condition as good in 16/20 (80%, 95% CI = 58.4–91.9%) cases, and subjective feeling of the needle being intra-articular was present in 10/20 (50%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%) cases. Fluoroscopy showed an intra-articular injection in 10/20 (50%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%) cases. The structure visibility in fluoroscopy was good in 9/20 (45%, 95% CI = 25.8–65.8%), puncture conditions good in 8/20 (40%, 95% CI = 21.9–61.3%), intra-articular contrast spread visible in 10/20 (50%, 95% CI = 34.2–74.2%), and subjective feeling of being intra-articular was present in 17/20 (85%, 95% CI = 64.0–94.8%) cases. Conclusions Fluoroscopy clearly showed a higher success rate of intra-articular sacroiliac joint injection.
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Noor, Fraz, Aamir Waseem, Shaheryar Aziz Tarar, Naeem Mehmood Mughal, Sikandar Ali Bhurgri, and Abdul Samad Qureshi. "Frequency of Destructive Hip Disease Post Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Hip Injection." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163344.

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Objective: To find the frequency of destructive hip disease in post intra-articular corticosteroid hip Injection. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedic, Sahara Medical College Narowal from 1st January 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty cases of corticosteroid injection in intra-articular region were analyzed. The radiological imaging within 6-12 months was used for finding frequency of rapidly destructive arthrosis. Narrowing of joint space greater than fifty percent with a loss of cartilage up to 2mm within a year was used for rapidly destructive arthrosis diagnosis. Kallgren and Lawrence scoring system ranged between 0-4 was used. Results: There were 73.3% and 26.7% males and mean was 53.1±3.3 years. The steroidal injection was placed as 40mg triamcinolone-acetonide with 4 mL 1% lidocaine in 77.5% of cases. 20.8% rapidly destructive arthrosis in all the patients who were injected with corticosteroid. The progression of total hip arthroplasty was noticeable in 22.5%. Conclusion: A high frequency of destructive hip disease is observed in intra-articular corticosteroid hip injections. Keywords: Frequency, Destructive hip disease, Intra-articular corticosteroid hip injection
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Mitchell, Brendon C., Matthew Y. Siow, Andrew T. Pennock, Eric W. Edmonds, Tracey P. Bastrom, and Henry G. Chambers. "Intra-articular Morphine and Ropivacaine Injection Provides Efficacious Analgesia As Compared With Femoral Nerve Block in the First 24 Hours After ACL Reconstruction: Results From a Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Graft in an Adolescent Population." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 232596712098590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120985902.

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Background: Opioid consumption and patient satisfaction are influenced by a surgeon’s pain-management protocol as well as the use of adjunctive pain mediators. Two commonly utilized adjunctive pain modifiers for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are femoral nerve blockade and intra-articular injection; however, debate remains regarding the more efficacious methodology. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that intra-articular injection with ropivacaine and morphine would be found to be as efficacious as a femoral nerve block for postoperative pain management in the first 24 hours after bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Charts were retrospectively reviewed for BTB ACL reconstructions performed by a single pediatric orthopaedic surgeon from 2013 to 2019. Overall, 116 patients were identified: 58 received intra-articular injection, and 58 received single-shot femoral nerve block. All patients were admitted for 24 hours. Pain scores were assessed every 4 hours. Morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) consumed were tabulated for each patient. Results: Opioid use was 24.3 MMEs in patients treated with intra-articular injection versus 28.5 MMEs in those with peripheral block ( P = .108). Consumption of MMEs was greater in the intra-articular group in the 0- to 4-hour period (7.1 vs 4.6 MMEs; P = .008). There was significantly less MME consumption in patients receiving intra-articular injection versus peripheral block at 16 to 20 hours (3.2 vs 5.6 MMEs; P = .01) and 20 to 24 hours (3.8 vs 6.5 MMEs; P < .001). Mean pain scores were not significantly different over the 24-hour period (peripheral block, 2.7; intra-articular injection, 3.0; P = .19). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, we could identify no significant difference in MME consumption between the single-shot femoral nerve block group and intra-articular injection group in the first 24 hours postoperatively. While peripheral block is associated with lower opioid consumption in the first 4 hours after surgery, patients receiving intra-articular block require fewer opioids 16 to 24 hours postoperatively. Given these findings, we propose that intra-articular injection is a viable alternative for analgesia in adolescent patients undergoing BTB ACL reconstruction.
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Abbasi, Muhammad Aitzaz, Hwijung Kim, Somasekhar R. Chinnadayyala, Ki Deok Park, and Sungbo Cho. "Real-Time Impedance Detection of Intra-Articular Space in a Porcine Model Using a Monopolar Injection Needle." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 4625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164625.

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Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis can be treated through specific drug injection into the intra-articular space. Several failures during drug injection attempts with conventional fluoroscopy and ultrasonography in a small area of the intra-articular space have been reported. In this work we present an innovative impedance measurement-based method/algorithm for needle tip positioning to enhance image-guided intra-articular vaccination treatment. A novel algorithm for detecting the intra-articular space in the elbow and knee joints of a live porcine model is reported. An impedance measurement system was developed for biological tissue measurement. The electrical impedance in the intra-articular space was monitored and the needle tip was examined by ultrasonography. The contrast dye was vaccinated and checked using fluoroscopy to confirm that the dye was properly inoculated in the cavity. The electrical impedance was estimated for various needle inclusion profundity levels in saline solution, which were broadly used to evaluate the proposed device for in vivo examinations. Good efficiency was observed in the impedance-based measurements using a monopolar injection needle for intra-articular therapy. To enhance the needle tip positioning for intra-articular therapy, the intended impedance measurement device with a monopolar injection needle can be used as a complement to existing modalities.
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Kyeong Mee Park, Tae Hwan Cho, and Dong Pill Cho. "An intraarticular injection to the elbow joint completely relieves pain in stenosing tenosynovitis of the wrist." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0301.

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Stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, de Quervain’s disease causes radial wrist pain and disability. Clinically, corticosteroids are most commonly used to treat de Quervain's disease. The injection of triamcinolone into the sheath of both the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendon is known to successfully relieve the symptoms of de Quervain’s disease. However, depigmentation of the skin and spontaneous rupture of extensor tendons have been frequently reported as side effects of injection of intra-sheath injection of triamcinolone. To bypass undesirous complications of triamcinolone for the treatment of de Quervain’s disease, we conducted an intra-articular injection of it into the elbow joint instead of an intra-sheath injection to the wrist. This retrospective study examines the results of 54 outpatients who presented with de Quervain’s disease from October 2018 through September 2021 and were treated with a combination of triamcinolone/ lidocaine injection. After single injection of triamcinolone, patients had a considerable pain relief with a dose-dependent manner and experienced an easier wrist mobility than prior to the treatment. With two times of injections, pain relief and movement flexibility were more consolidated. Adverse complications caused by the intra-articular triamcinolone were observed in none. These results indicate that the intra-articular triamcinolone in the elbow joint can provide an acceptable treatment option for de Quervain’s disease.
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Pihut, Malgorzata, and Andrzej Gala. "The Application of Intra-Articulr Injections for Management of the Consequences of Disc Displacement without Reduction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134726.

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The aim of the study was to make a comparative studies on the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in intra-articular injections to the temporomandibular joints—in double blind studies application—based on the analysis of selected clinical parameters of functional efficiency and the mean value of joint’s pain intensity before and after management. The study enrolled a group of 100 patients, aged 21 to 43 years, of both sexes, who came for the prosthodontic treatment. All patients had II b group of disorder according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorder, and were consecutively, alternately assigned to the groups, 50 patients in each. Study group PRP was treated with intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma and study group HA had injection with hyaluronic acid. The examination was double-blind, so that the injecting physician and the patient were not informed what kind of medicinal substance they received in the joint injection. The final selected clinical parameters did not differ statistically significantly between the groups, what means that both administered substances were effective in the repair of intra-articular structures. The results of research showed that the use of PRP and HA in intraarticular joint’s injections positively affects in selected clinical parameters and decrease of the pain in temporomandibular joints in the case of disc displacement without reduction.
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Vora, Dr Nidhi A., Dr Bharti Parghi, and Dr Ujjval H. Deliwala. "Intra Articular Injection of Platelet Concentrate for Treatment of Degenerative Cartilage Lesion." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2013/93.

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Lohman, M., J. Vasenius, and O. Nieminen. "Ultrasound guidance for puncture and injection in the radiocarpal joint." Acta Radiologica 48, no. 7 (September 2007): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850701422146.

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Background: The use of intra-articular contrast agent has been shown to increase the diagnostic accuracy of wrist magnetic resonance (MR) in patients with suspected trauma of the wrist ligaments. Traditionally, the contrast agent has been applied under fluoroscopic guidance. Purpose: To present a method based on ultrasound guidance for the injection of intra-articular contrast agent in wrist MR. Material and Methods: One hundred eight patients (56 female and 52 male, mean age 36 years) referred for wrist MR arthrograms due to suspected ligament rupture were included in this retrospective study. The preferred injection point is about 1 cm distal to Lister's tubercle in the distal radius. A correct positioning of the injection needle can be ensured using ultrasound guidance. Results: Using this technique, the injection was intra-articular in 93.5% of the 108 injections over a 2-year learning period. Conclusion: Ultrasound guidance of the contrast injection in radiocarpal MR arthrograms is a cost-effective and safe alternative to fluoroscopically guided procedures. Furthermore, the use of ultrasound guidance provides clues about possible fluid collections within the joint.
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Aytekin, Kürşad, Selma Şengiz Erhan, Züleyha Erişgin, Cem Zeki Esenyel, and Selçuk Takır. "Intra-articular injection of hydrogen sulfide decreased the progression of gonarthrosis." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 97, no. 1 (January 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0574.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is found in both the plasma and synovial fluid of patients with gonarthrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether intra-articular injection of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) (1 mM, 30 μL), a H2S donor, might affect gonarthrosis in rats. Gonarthrosis was induced surgically in the left knees of rats and left for 6 weeks for the development of disease. Then, intra-articular injections of NaSH or methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg, 30 μL) were administered to rats. Half of each group was sacrificed at the end of the first day and the other half was sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks to evaluate early and later effects of injections on gonarthrosis. The injury induced by anterior cruciate ligament resection and medial meniscectomy in rats caused the development of gonarthrosis. As the duration lengthened after gonarthrosis induction, the progression of the disease continued. According to the modified Mankin Scoring System, intra-articular injection of NaSH histopathologically slowed the progression of gonarthrosis, whereas methylprednisolone was ineffective. In addition, NaSH decreased apoptosis in rat knees with gonarthrosis. Each treatment did not cause injury to healthy knees. Our results lead to the consideration that intra-articular NaSH administration may be effective in the progression of gonarthrosis.
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Panichcharoen, Watcharin, Luckkana Srithongpim, Wanwipa Arunmanee, and Nattawud Rodchom. "Efficacy of Intra-articular Analgesic Injection Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Pain Relief after Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55374/jseamed.v1i1.33.

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This is a quasiexperimental research which objectives are to study efficiency of intra-articular analgesic injection and compare efficiency for pain relief between intra-articular analgesic injection and femoral nerve block in total knee arthroplasty at Somdech Phrapinklao hospital. 40 patients with operated total knee arthroplasty, randomised to 2 groups (20 patients). Control group received femoral nerve block, another group received intra-articular injection. Both groups receive spinal morphine nerve block, operated by same surgeon, same surgical technique and same kind of implant. After surgery all patients record VAS score at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours, doses of injection and oral analgesic drug, degree of knee flexion and hospital stay. Statistics used percentage, mean, standard deviation and independent t-test. We found patients received intra-articular analgesic injection had lower VAS pain score, lower dose analgesic drug than patients who received femoral nerve block and more knee flexion postoperatively in statistic significantly. And both Intra-articular analgesic injection and femoral nerve block can decrease VAS pain score, decrease dose analgesic drug postoperatively and improved knee flexion suitable for guideline pain relief in total knee arthroplasty
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Giordano, Brian D. "Comparison of Two Injection Techniques for Intra-articular Hip Injections." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 35, no. 6 (May 5, 2016): 1259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/ultra.15.07004.

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Choi, Seongjae, Jun-Hyung Kim, Jeongho Ha, Bo-Ing Jeong, Yun Chan Jung, Geun-Shik Lee, Heung-Myong Woo, and Byung-Jae Kang. "Intra-Articular Injection of Alginate-Microencapsulated Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis in Rabbits." Stem Cells International 2018 (June 26, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2791632.

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We investigated the effects of intra-articular injections of alginate-microencapsulated adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) during osteoarthritis (OA) development in a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). We induced OA in mature New Zealand white rabbits by bilateral ACLT. Stifle joints were categorised into four groups according to intra-articular injection materials. Alginate microbeads and microencapsulated ASCs were prepared using the vibrational nozzle technology. Two weeks after ACLT, the rabbits received three consecutive weekly intra-articular injections of 0.9% NaCl, alginate microbeads, ASCs, or microencapsulated ASCs, into each joint. Nine weeks after ACLT, we euthanised the rabbits and collected bilateral femoral condyles for macroscopic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Macroscopic evaluation using the modified OA Research Society International (OARSI) score and total cartilage damage score showed that cartilage degradation on the femoral condyle was relatively low in the microencapsulated-ASC group. Histological analysis of the lateral femoral condyles indicated that microencapsulated ASCs had significant chondroprotective effects. Immunohistochemically, the expression of MMP-13 after the articular cartilage damage was relatively low in the microencapsulated-ASC-treated stifle joints. During the development of experimental OA, as compared to ASCs alone, intra-articular injection of microencapsulated ASCs significantly decreased the progression and extent of OA.
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Dessery, Yoann, Étienne L. Belzile, Sylvie Turmel, Jean Doré, Binta Diallo, and Philippe Corbeil. "Modulation of Physical Activity to Optimize Pain Sensation following an Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/209165.

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Background. Intra-articular corticosteroid injection is often used to relieve pain caused by knee osteoarthritis. This study aims to assess the impact after an intra-articular corticosteroid injection treatment on objective and subjective measurement of physical function in knee osteoarthritis patients.Methods. Fourteen patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis participated in this open-label uncontrolled trial. The intra-articular corticosteroid injection was given at the end of the second week. Physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer worn by the participants for eight weeks. Symptoms, quality of life and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were assessed every two weeks.Results. From the injection until six weeks later, pain and stiffness were reduced by approximately 60%. Patients’ daily physical activity time was significantly improved after injection: participation in light and moderate physical activities increased during four and two weeks, respectively.Conclusions. The beneficial effects after the intra-articular corticosteroid injection are visible in the duration and intensity of the knee osteoarthritis patients’ daily physical activity. However, these effects declined gradually two weeks after injection. Modulating the intensity and duration of physical activity would allow patients to optimize pain sensation over a longer period following an intra-articular corticosteroid injection.Trial Registration. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials:NCT02049879.
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Karina, Karina, Iis Rosliana, Imam Rosadi, Rachel Schwartz, Siti Sobariah, Irsyah Afini, Tias Widyastuti, Melinda Remelia, Komang Ardi Wahyuningsih, and Jeanne A. Pawitan. "Safety of Technique and Procedure of Stromal Vascular Fraction Therapy: From Liposuction to Cell Administration." Scientifica 2020 (July 6, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2863624.

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Background. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy has been performed over the past six years to treat 421 patients by our group in five clinical centers. Autologous SVF, which is a substance containing stem cells, was isolated from lipoaspirate, mixed with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and administered to patients with degenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, trauma, aging, and other diseases with unknown etiology. This study aimed to determine the safety of SVF and PRP that were given through infusion, spinal, and intra-articular injection. Methods. The lipoaspirate was treated with a tissue-dissociating enzyme, and then, through centrifugation, SVF was isolated. In addition, blood was drawn from each patient, and PRP was isolated. Autologous PRP and SVF were administered to all subjects by intravenous (IV) injection. A minority group within the population received an additional spinal or intra-articular injection. The type of intervention was determined by each disease evaluation. The cell doses and adverse events for each patient were documented and analyzed. Results. Cell dose that was considered to be safe was less than 10 billion SVF cells in 250 cc of normal saline, for IV injection, and less than 1 billion SVF, for intra-articular and spinal injection. Adverse events were not severe and were treated successfully. Any observed adverse events were identified as a result of spinal or intra-articular injections and were not related to SVF or PRP. Conclusions. Our results showed that administration of high dose of SVF until 10 billion cells in a majority of 421 patients through infusion, spinal, and intra-articular injection was feasible without causing major adverse events and should be further investigated in well-designed phase I-II clinical trial to address the safety and efficacy of therapy.
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Mitchell, Brendon C., Matthew Y. Siow, Andrew T. Pennock, Eric W. Edmonds, Tracey P. Bastrom, and Henry G. Chambers. "INTRA-ARTICULAR MORPHINE AND ROPIVACAINE INJECTION PROVIDES EFFICACIOUS ANALGESIA COMPARED TO FEMORAL NERVE BLOCK IN THE FIRST 24 HOURS POST-OPERATIVELY AFTER ACL RECONSTRUCTION WITH BTB IN AN ADOLESCENT COHORT." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00023.

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Background: Opioid consumption and patient satisfaction are influenced by a surgeon’s pain management protocol and the use of adjunctive pain mediators. Two commonly utilized adjunctive pain modifiers for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction include femoral nerve blockade and intra-articular injection; however, debate remains as to the most efficacious methodology. Hypothesis/Purpose: We hypothesize that intra-articular injection with ropivacaine and morphine is as efficacious as a femoral nerve block injection of ropivacaine, dexamethasone, and dexmedetomidine for post-operative pain management in the first 24 hours after bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) ACL reconstruction. Methods: Charts were retrospectively reviewed for a single pediatric orthopedic surgeon performing BTB ACL reconstructions from 2013-2019. One hundred sixteen patients were identified, of whom 58 received intra-articular injection and 58 received single shot femoral nerve block. All patients were admitted for 24 hours. Pain scores were assessed every 4 hours. Morphine milligram equivalents (MME) consumed were tabulated for each patient. Results: Opioid use was 24.3 MMEs in patients treated with intra-articular injection vs 28.5MMEs in those with peripheral block (p=0.108). Consumption of MMEs was greater in the intra-articular group in the 0-4 hours period (7.1 MMEs vs. 4.6 MMEs, p=0.008). There was significantly less MME consumption in patients receiving intra-articular injection compared with peripheral block at 16-20 and 20-24 hours (3.2 MMEs vs. 5.6 MMEs, p=0.01; 3.8 MMEs vs. 6.5 MMEs, p<0.001 respectively). Mean pain scores were not significantly different over the 24-hour period (peripheral block=2.7, intra-articular injection=3.0, p=0.19). Conclusion: Moving away from the use of peripheral nerve block as an analgesic modality may be challenging given the multidisciplinary role of pain management in these patients. However, as Ramlogan et al. succinctly noted in their recent editorial “Anterior cruciate ligament repair and peripheral nerve blocks: time to change our practice?” in the British Journal of Anesthesia, both orthopedic and anesthesia colleagues alike are beginning to recognize that it is a change that may benefit our patients. Our study strengthens this argument and shows that there is no significant difference in MME consumption between the femoral nerve block and intra-articular injection groups in the first 24 hours post-operatively. While peripheral block is associated with lower opioid consumption in the first 4 hours after surgery, patients receiving intra-articular block require less opioids 16-24 hours post-operatively. Given these findings, we propose that intra-articular injection is a viable alternative for analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing BTB ACL reconstruction. [Table: see text][Figure: see text]
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Waterbrook, Anna L., and Stephen Paul. "Intra-articular Lidocaine Injection for Shoulder Reductions." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 3, no. 6 (October 27, 2011): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738111416777.

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Context: The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint, and shoulder dislocations are very common in sports. Many of these dislocations present to the office or training room for evaluation. Usual practice is an attempt at manual reduction without analgesia and then transfer to the emergency department if unsuccessful. The clinical efficacy of intra-articular lidocaine for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations in the outpatient setting was examined. Evidence Acquisition: An OVID MEDLINE search (1966-present) was performed using the keywords shoulder, reduction, and analgesia as well as shoulder, intra-articular, and lidocaine. Search limits included articles in the English language. Bibliographic references from these articles were also examined to identify pertinent literature. Results: Six randomized controlled clinical trials were identified that directly addressed this clinical technique. Although the reduction techniques used in these studies were not controlled, there was no statistically significant difference in success rates between groups. The complication rate, length of stay, and costs were significantly less in the intra-articular lidocaine group when compared with the intravenous sedation group. Conclusions: According to current evidence, the use of intra-articular lidocaine injection for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations is not harmful and is likely advantageous in the outpatient clinical setting.
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Moens, B., and C. H. Moens. "Intra-articular injection of phenylbutazone in gonarthrosis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 45, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.45.9.788-a.

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Díez-Gómez, M. L., M. Hinojosa, I. Moneo, and E. Losada. "Anaphylaxis after intra-articular injection of orgotein." Allergy 42, no. 1 (January 1987): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02190.x.

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Narouze, Samer, and Amaresh Vydyanathan. "Ultrasound-guided cervical facet intra-articular injection." Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management 13, no. 3 (July 2009): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.trap.2009.07.001.

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ROBINSON, D. E. "Steroid psychosis after an intra-articular injection." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 59, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 926a—926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.59.11.926a.

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Banerjee, M. "Eosinophiluria from intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection." Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570200042.

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Pichler, W., A. M. Weinberg, S. Grechenig, N. P. Tesch, N. Heidari, and W. Grechenig. "Intra-articular injection of the acromioclavicular joint." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 91-B, no. 12 (December 2009): 1638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.91b12.22740.

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Yarlagadda, Dr Veerendra, Dr B. Mohan Choudhary, and Dr R. Dorai Kumar. "Comparing the effectiveness of intra articular hyaluronic acid injection and intra articular corticosteroid injection in symptomatic osteoarthritis knee." International Journal of Orthopaedics Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/ortho.2018.v4.i4i.84.

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Ali, Abbas, Syed Bakht Sardar, Abedullah Khan, Kamran Saeed, Mushtaque Ahmed Shaikh, and Manqoosh Ur Rehman. "Frequency of Destructive Hip Disease Post Intra-Articular Cortecosteroid Hip Injection." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 589–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169589.

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Objective: This study aims to quantify the prevalence of destructive hip disease following intra-articular corticosteroid hip injections. Study design: A retrospective study Place and duration of study: Department of Orthopaedic, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar during the period from January, 2022 to June, 2022. Methods: This study was conducted on two hundred cases of corticosteroid injection treatment. For finding the frequency of destructive hip disease, the radiological imaging was used. Patients were compared with their clinical, paraclinical, and demographic data. Observations of pain, joint mobility, and radiographic evaluation served as the foundation for the recently suggested clinico-radiological diagnostic criteria. The inter- and intraobserver reliability of the radiological grading system was evaluated. For statistical analysis, SPSS-20 was employed.. Results: From the total 200 cases, patients with POH were 80(40%), with RPOH were 20(10%), with femoral head avascular necrosis were 20(10%) and with secondary osteoarthritis of hip were 40(20%), patients went for THA were 90%. There were 30% males and 160% females with mean age of 53.9 ±3.3 and BMI >32. The corticosteroidal injection of 40mg triamcinolone-acetonide with 4 mL 1% lidocaine was placed in 21(77.8%). Conclusion: An elevated chance of quickly degenerative hip disease can result from intra-articular corticosteroid hip injection. Hip injections with intra-articular corticosteroids are probably not as safe as we had believed. Hip injections should only be used when absolutely necessary, and their usage should be reduced. Before administering a large and repeated dose of corticosteroids, the patient should also be warned about the possibility of the condition progressing faster. Keywords: RDHD, intra-articular corticosteroid hip injection, frequency.
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Belk, John W., Laura E. Keeling, Matthew J. Kraeutler, Michaela G. Snow, Omer Mei-Dan, Anthony J. Scillia, and Eric C. McCarty. "Risk of Infection in Knee Arthroscopy Patients Undergoing Corticosteroid Injections in the Perioperative Period." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 232596712110329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211032941.

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Background: Recent evidence suggests that there may be an increased risk of infection for patients undergoing a corticosteroid injection before, during, or after knee arthroscopy. Purpose: To systematically review the literature to evaluate the risk of postoperative infection in patients undergoing intra-articular corticosteroid injections (CSI) before, during, or after knee arthroscopy. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to identify studies that evaluated the rate of postoperative infection in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy who received an intra-articular CSI during the perioperative period. The search phrase used was “knee AND arthroscopy AND injection AND (infection OR revision).” A subanalysis was also performed to analyze infection rates based on the timing of the corticosteroid injection in relation to arthroscopy. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 11,925 patients undergoing knee arthroscopy with an intra-articular CSI administered during the perioperative period (mean follow-up, 5.3 months) and 247,329 patients without a corticosteroid injection during the perioperative period (mean follow-up, 5.9 months). Patients who received an injection experienced a statistically significantly higher rate of postoperative infection (2.2%) when compared with patients who did not receive an injection (1.1%; P < .001). When analyzed by the timing of the injection, patients receiving an injection preoperatively or intraoperatively experienced a statistically significantly higher rate of postoperative infection (3% and 2.6%, respectively) when compared with patients receiving an injection postoperatively (1.4%; P = .001 for both). Conclusion: Patients undergoing knee arthroscopy who receive an intra-articular CSI during the perioperative period can be expected to experience significantly higher postoperative infection rates when compared with patients not receiving an injection. Furthermore, patients receiving a corticosteroid injection pre- or intraoperatively may experience significantly higher rates of postoperative infection when compared with patients receiving an injection postoperatively.
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47

Heidari, Nima, Ali Noorani, Mark Slevin, Angela Cullen, Laura Stark, Stefano Olgiati, Alberto Zerbi, and Adrian Wilson. "Patient-Centered Outcomes of Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Treatments of Knee Osteoarthritis: An Observational, Intention-to-Treat Study at Twelve Months." Stem Cells International 2020 (August 4, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8881405.

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Introduction. Microfragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) has been shown to benefit osteoarthritic patients by reducing pain and supporting tissue regeneration through a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-related paracrine mechanism. This observational study of 110 knees assessed patient-centered outcomes of pain, functionality, and quality of life, analyzing their variation at twelve months following one ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of autologous MFAT for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Method. Inclusion criteria were as follows: VAS >50, and the presence of KOA as diagnosed on X-ray and MRI. Exclusion criteria included the following: recent injury (<3 months) of the symptomatic knee, intra-articular steroid injections performed within the last three months, and hyaluronic acid injections prior to this treatment. Changes in VAS, OKS, and EQ-5D were scored at baseline and twelve months following a single intra-articular injection of autologous MFAT. Score variation was analyzed utilizing a nonparametric paired samples Wilcoxon test. The statistical analysis is reproducible with Open Access statistical software R (version 4.0.0 or higher). The study was carried out with full patient consent, in a private practice setting. Results. Median VAS (pain) improved from 70 (IQR 20) to 30 (IQR 58) (p<0.001); median OKS (function) improved from 25 (IQR 11) to 33.5 (IQR 16) (p<0.001); and median EQ-5D (quality of life) improved from 0.62 (IQR 0.41) to 0.69 (IQR 0.28) (p<0.001). No adverse events were reported during the intraoperative, recovery, or postoperative periods. Conclusions. For patients with all grades of knee osteoarthritis who were treated with intra-articular injections of MFAT, statistically significant improvements in pain, function, and quality of life were reported. Although further research is warranted, the results are encouraging and suggest a positive role for intra-articular injection of MFAT as a treatment for knee osteoarthritis.
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48

Ross, Kathleen M., Jason S. Mehr, Barbara L. Carothers, Rebecca D. Greeley, Isaac Benowitz, David Henry, Lisa A. McHugh, et al. "Bacterial septic arthritis infections associated with intra-articular injection practices for osteoarthritis knee pain—New Jersey, 2017." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 9 (July 17, 2019): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.168.

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AbstractBackground:In March 2017, the New Jersey Department of Health received reports of 3 patients who developed septic arthritis after receiving intra-articular injections for osteoarthritis knee pain at the same private outpatient facility in New Jersey. The risk of septic arthritis resulting from intra-articular injection is low. However, outbreaks of septic arthritis associated with unsafe injection practices in outpatient settings have been reported.Methods:An infection prevention assessment of the implicated facility’s practices was conducted because of the ongoing risk to public health. The assessment included an environmental inspection of the facility, staff interviews, infection prevention practice observations, and a medical record and office document review. A call for cases was disseminated to healthcare providers in New Jersey to identify patients treated at the facility who developed septic arthritis after receiving intra-articular injections.Results:We identified 41 patients with septic arthritis associated with intra-articular injections. Cultures of synovial fluid or tissue from 15 of these 41 case patients (37%) recovered bacteria consistent with oral flora. The infection prevention assessment of facility practices identified multiple breaches of recommended infection prevention practices, including inadequate hand hygiene, unsafe injection practices, and poor cleaning and disinfection practices. No additional cases were identified after infection prevention recommendations were implemented by the facility.Discussion:Aseptic technique is imperative when handling, preparing, and administering injectable medications to prevent microbial contamination.Conclusions:This investigation highlights the importance of adhering to infection prevention recommendations. All healthcare personnel who prepare, handle, and administer injectable medications should be trained in infection prevention and safe injection practices.
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49

BUYUK, ABDUL FETTAH, ERAY KILINC, ISMET YALKIN CAMURCU, SAVAS CAMUR, HANIFI UCPUNAR, and ADNAN KARA. "COMPARED EFFICACY OF INTRA-ARTICULAR INJECTION OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE AND TRIAMCINOLONE." Acta Ortopédica Brasileira 25, no. 5 (October 2017): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-785220172505172581.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effect of two different corticosteroid types in bilateral and symmetrical knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: One hundred and twenty-six patients received injections of methylprednisolone acetate (MP) in one knee and triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) in the contralateral knee. Patients were evaluated before injection and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after. Results: Mean patient age was 68.5±9 years. Mean BMI was 26.3±2.6 kg/m2. At first admission, mean VAS score was 7.7±1.3 for the right side and 7.5±1.5 for the left side, and mean WOMAC score was 67.6±14.4. After bilateral intra-articular injection, VAS scores for both knees and WOMAC scores decreased significantly when initial scores were compared with 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after injection (p<0.05). A statistically significant change was seen over time when VAS and WOMAC scores for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks post-injection were compared to each other (p<0.05). No significant difference was seen between knee sides (p>0.05). Conclusion: MP and TH have similar efficacy in relieving pain and improving function. The efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid injection peaks 2 weeks after injection and the effect continues until the 24th week. Level of Evidence II, Comparative Prospective Study.
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50

Hernigou, Jacques, Pascale Vertongen, Joanne Rasschaert, and Philippe Hernigou. "Role of Scaffolds, Subchondral, Intra-Articular Injections of Fresh Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate Regenerative Cells in Treating Human Knee Cartilage Lesions: Different Approaches and Different Results." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083844.

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The value of bone marrow aspirate concentrates for treatment of human knee cartilage lesions is unclear. Most of the studies were performed with intra-articular injections. However, subchondral bone plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis. We investigated by a literature review whether joint, subchondral bone, or/and scaffolds implantation of fresh autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrated (BMAC) containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would improve osteoarthritis (OA). There is in vivo evidence that suggests that all these different approaches (intra-articular injections, subchondral implantation, scaffolds loaded with BMAC) can improve the patient. This review analyzes the evidence for each different approach to treat OA. We found that the use of intra-articular injections resulted in a significant relief of pain symptoms in the short term and was maintained in 12 months. However, the clinical trials indicate that the application of autologous bone marrow concentrates in combination with scaffolds or in injection in the subchondral bone was superior to intra-articular injection for long-term results. The tendency of MSCs to differentiate into fibrocartilage affecting the outcome was a common issue faced by all the studies when biopsies were performed, except for scaffolds implantation in which some hyaline cartilage was found. The review suggests also that both implantation of subchondral BMAC and scaffolds loaded with BMAC could reduce the need for further surgery.
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