Journal articles: 'Intra-Body Network'

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Kompara, Marko, and Marko Hölbl. "Survey on security in intra-body area network communication." Ad Hoc Networks 70 (March 2018): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2017.11.006.

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Hachisuka, Keisuke, Teruhito Takeda, Yusuke Terauchi, Ken Sasaki, Hiroshi Hosaka, and Kiyoshi Itao. "Intra-body data transmission for the personal area network." Microsystem Technologies 11, no. 8-10 (July 14, 2005): 1020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-005-0500-1.

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Akkaş, Mustafa Alper. "Nano-Sensor Modelling for Intra-Body Nano-Networks." Wireless Personal Communications 118, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 3129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08171-2.

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AbstractIn this work, the author has evaluated the propagation of electromagnetic waves inside the human tissue such as blood, skin and fat for single-path and multi-path layers according to nano sensor transmit power calculations. In particular, the propagation characteristics of the Intra-Body Nano-Network communication channel are calculated using a theoretical approach. The analysis in this paper provides an evaluation related to the path loss, bit error rate, signal to noise ratio and the channel capacity. The model is evaluated for each single-path effect and multi-path effect. The effects of human tissue for each blood, skin and fat for single-path effect and multi-path are included in the analysis. The model frequency range is chosen from 0.01 to 1.5 THz frequencies, which are ideal for designing nano sensors antennae and using THz range for communication. This paper will also guide other researchers who are working on the electromagnetic radiation performance of Intra-Body Nano-Network and Nano sensors designed at the THz range.

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Xu, Juan, Yan Zhang, Jiaolong Jiang, and Jiali Kan. "An Energy Balance Clustering Routing Protocol for Intra-Body Wireless Nanosensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224875.

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Wireless NanoSensor Networks (WNSNs) are a new type of network that combines nanotechnology and sensor networks. Because WNSNs have great application prospects in intra-body health monitoring, biomedicine and damage detection, intra-body Wireless NanoSensor Networks (iWNSNs) have become a new research hotspot. An energy balance clustering routing protocol (EBCR) is proposed for the intra-body nanosensor nodes with low computing and processing capabilities, short communication range and limited energy storage. The protocol reduces the communication load of nano-nodes by adopting a new hierarchical clustering method. The nano-nodes in the cluster can transmit data directly to the cluster head nodes by one-hop, and the cluster head nodes can transmit data to the nano control node by multi-hop routing among themselves. Furthermore, there is a tradeoff between distance and channel capacity when choosing the next hop node in order to reduce energy consumption while ensuring successful data packet transmission. The simulation results show that the protocol has great advantages in balancing energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime and ensuring data packet transmission success rate. It can be seen that EBCR protocol can be used as an effective routing scheme for iWNSNs.

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Rashid, Tarique, Sunil Kumar, Akshay Verma, Prateek Raj Gautam, and Arvind Kumar. "Co-REERP: Cooperative Reliable and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Intra Body Sensor Network (Intra-WBSN)." Wireless Personal Communications 114, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 927–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07401-3.

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HACHISUKA, Keisuke, Teruhito TAKEDA, Yusuke TERAUCHI, Ken SASAKI, Hiroshi HOSAKA, and Kiyoshi ITAO. "HW-01 INTRA-BODY DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION FOR THE PERSONAL AREA NETWORK." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2003 (2003): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2003.139.

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Adamatzky, Andrew, and Selim G. Akl. "Trans-Canada Slimeways." International Journal of Natural Computing Research 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jncr.2011100103.

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Slime mould Physarum polycephalum builds up sophisticated networks to transport nutrients between distant parts of its extended body. The slime mould’s protoplasmic network is optimised for maximum coverage of nutrients yet minimum energy spent on transportation of the intra-cellular material. In laboratory experiments with P. polycephalum we represent Canadian major urban areas with rolled oats and inoculated slime mould in the Toronto area. The plasmodium spans the urban areas with its network of protoplasmic tubes. The authors uncover similarities and differences between the protoplasmic network and the Canadian national highway network, analyse the networks in terms of proximity graphs and evaluate slime mould’s network response to contamination.

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Rashid, Tarique, Sunil Kumar, Akshay Verma, Prateek Raj Gautam, and Arvind Kumar. "RB-IEMRP: RELAY BASED IMPROVED THROUGHPUT ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR INTRA BODY SENSOR NETWORK (INTRA-WBSN)." International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications 11, no. 02 (March 31, 2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2019.11205.

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Rashid, Tarique, Sunil Kumar, Akshay Verma, Prateek Raj Gautam, and Arvind Kumar. "Pm-EEMRP: Postural Movement Based Energy Efficient Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Network (Intra-WBSN)." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v16i1.7318.

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Kim, Seungmin, and JeongGil Ko. "IB-MAC: Transmission Latency-Aware MAC for Electro-Magnetic Intra-Body Communications." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020341.

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Intra-body Communication (IBC) is a communication method using the human body as a communication medium, in which body-attached devices exchange electro-magnetic (EM) wave signals with each other. The fact that our human body consists of water and electrolytes allows such communication methods to be possible. Such a communication technology can be used to design novel body area networks that are secure and resilient towards external radio interference. While being an attractive technology for enabling new applications for human body-centered ubiquitous applications, network protocols for IBC systems is yet under-explored. The IEEE 802.15.6 standards present physical and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols for IBC, but, due to many simplifications, we find that its MAC protocol is limited in providing an environment to enable high data rate applications. This work, based on empirical EM wave propagation measurements made for the human body communication channel, presents IB-MAC, a centralized Time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol that takes in consideration the transmission latency the body channel induces. Our results, in which we use an event-based simulator to compare the performance of IB-MAC with two different IEEE 802.15.6 standard-compliant MAC protocols and a state-of-the art TDMA-based MAC protocol for IBC, suggest that IB-MAC is suitable for supporting high data rate applications with comparable radio duty cycle and latency performance.

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Jaafar, Banafsaj, Junwen Luo, Dimitrios Firfilionis, Ahmed Soltan, Jeff Neasham, and Patrick Degenaar. "Ultrasound Intra Body Multi Node Communication System for Bioelectronic Medicine." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010031.

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The coming years may see the advent of distributed implantable devices to support bioelectronic medicinal treatments. Communication between implantable components and between deep implants and the outside world can be challenging. Percutaneous wired connectivity is undesirable and both radiofrequency and optical methods are limited by tissue absorption and power safety limits. As such, there is a significant potential niche for ultrasound communications in this domain. In this paper, we present the design and testing of a reliable and efficient ultrasonic communication telemetry scheme using piezoelectric transducers that operate at 320 kHz frequency. A key challenge results from the multi-propagation path effect. Therefore, we present a method, using short pulse sequences with relaxation intervals. To counter an increasing bit, and thus packet, error rate with distance, we have incorporated an error correction encoding scheme. We then demonstrate how the communication scheme can scale to a network of implantable devices. We demonstrate that we can achieve an effective, error-free, data rate of 0.6 kbps, which is sufficient for low data rate bioelectronic medicine applications. Transmission can be achieved at an energy cost of 642 nJ per bit data packet using on/off power cycling in the electronics.

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Wang, Zhaobin, Xiong Gao, Yaonan Zhang, and Guohui Zhao. "MSLWENet: A Novel Deep Learning Network for Lake Water Body Extraction of Google Remote Sensing Images." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244140.

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Lake water body extraction from remote sensing images is a key technique for spatial geographic analysis. It plays an important role in the prevention of natural disasters, resource utilization, and water quality monitoring. Inspired by the recent years of research in computer vision on fully convolutional neural networks (FCN), an end-to-end trainable model named the multi-scale lake water extraction network (MSLWENet) is proposed. We use ResNet-101 with depthwise separable convolution as an encoder to obtain the high-level feature information of the input image and design a multi-scale densely connected module to expand the receptive field of feature points by different dilation rates without increasing the computation. In the decoder, the residual convolution is used to abstract the features and fuse the features at different levels, which can obtain the final lake water body extraction map. Through visual interpretation of the experimental results and the calculation of the evaluation indicators, we can see that our model extracts the water bodies of small lakes well and solves the problem of large intra-class variance and small inter-class variance in the lakes’ water bodies. The overall accuracy of our model is up to 98.53% based on the evaluation indicators. Experimental results demonstrate that the MSLWENet, which benefits from the convolutional neural network, is an excellent lake water body extraction network.

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Ito, Yoshiki, Kenichi Morita, Quan Kong, and Tomoaki Yoshinaga. "Multi-Stream Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network Using Inter- and Intra-Body Graphs for Two-Person Interaction Recognition." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 110670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3102671.

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Triantafyllidis, A., V. Koutkias, I. Chouvarda, and N. Maglaveras. "An Open and Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network for Pervasive Health Monitoring." Methods of Information in Medicine 47, no. 03 (2008): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me9115.

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Summary Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable wireless sensor network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms. Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a mobile base unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a body area network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network. Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a personal digital assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, health professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules. Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, inter - operable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.

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Caballero, Egberto, Vinicius Ferreira, Robson Araújo Lima, Julio César Huarachi Soto, Débora Muchaluat-Saade, and Célio Albuquerque. "BNS: A Framework for Wireless Body Area Network Realistic Simulations." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 5504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165504.

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Simulation is a useful and common technique to evaluate the performance of networks when the implementation of a real scenario is not available. Specifically for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN), it is crucial to perform evaluations in environments as close as possible to the real conditions of use. To achieve that, simulations must include different protocol layers involved in WBAN and models close to reality to create realistic simulation environments for e-health applications. To satisfy these needs, this work presents the BNS framework, a flexible tool for WBAN simulations. The proposal is an extension of the Castalia framework, which includes: (1) a new wireless channel model considering real radio-propagation over the human body; (2) an updated implementation of the WBAN MAC protocol in Castalia, with functionalities and requirements in accordance with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard; (3) a new comprehensive and configurable mobility model for simulating intra-WBAN communication; (4) a temperature module based on the Pennes bioheat transfer equation, to model the temperature of a WBAN node based on the activity of the node; and (5) a Healthcare Application Layer that implements data representation and a communication protocol between Personal Health Devices (PHD) following the ISO/IEEE 11073 standard. Three use cases are presented, where WBAN scenarios are simulated and evaluated using the proposed BNS framework. Results show that BNS is a valid and flexible tool to evaluate WBAN solutions through simulation.

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Ely, Alice V., Kanchana Jagannathan, Nathaniel Spilka, Heather Keyser, Hengyi Rao, Teresa R. Franklin, and Reagan R. Wetherill. "Exploration of the influence of body mass index on intra-network resting-state connectivity in chronic cigarette smokers." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 227 (October 2021): 108911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108911.

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Dong, Debo, Yulin Wang, Zhiliang Long, Todd Jackson, Xuebin Chang, Feng Zhou, and Hong Chen. "The Association between Body Mass Index and Intra-Cortical Myelin: Findings from the Human Connectome Project." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093221.

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Intra-cortical myelin is a myelinated part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for the spread and synchronization of neuronal activity in the cortex. Recent animal studies have established a link between obesity and impaired oligodendrocyte maturation vis-à-vis cells that produce and maintain myelin; however, the association between obesity and intra-cortical myelination remains to be established. To investigate the effects of obesity on intra-cortical myelin in living humans, we employed a large, demographically well-characterized sample of healthy young adults drawn from the Human Connectome Project (n = 1066). Intra-cortical myelin was assessed using a novel T1-w/T2-w ratio method. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), an indicator of obesity, and intra-cortical myelination, adjusting for covariates of no interest. We observed BMI was related to lower intra-cortical myelination in regions previously identified to be involved in reward processing (i.e., medial orbitofrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex), attention (i.e., visual cortex, inferior/middle temporal gyrus), and salience detection (i.e., insula, supramarginal gyrus) in response to viewing food cues (corrected p < 0.05). In addition, higher BMIs were associated with more intra-cortical myelination in regions associated with somatosensory processing (i.e., the somatosensory network) and inhibitory control (i.e., lateral inferior frontal gyrus, frontal pole). These findings were also replicated after controlling for key potential confounding factors including total intracranial volume, substance use, and fluid intelligence. Findings suggested that altered intra-cortical myelination may represent a novel microstructure-level substrate underlying prior abnormal obesity-related brain neural activity, and lays a foundation for future investigations designed to evaluate how living habits, such as dietary habit and physical activity, affect intra-cortical myelination.

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Liu, Yuting, Hongyu Yang, and Qijun Zhao. "Hierarchical Feature Aggregation from Body Parts for Misalignment Robust Person Re-Identification." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112255.

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In this work, we focus on the misalignment problem in person re-identification. Human body parts commonly contain discriminative local representations relevant with identity recognition. However, the representations are easily affected by misalignment that is due to varying poses or poorly detected bounding boxes. We thus present a two-branch Deep Joint Learning (DJL) network, where the local branch generates misalignment robust representations by pooling the features around the body parts, while the global branch generates representations from a holistic view. A Hierarchical Feature Aggregation mechanism is proposed to aggregate different levels of visual patterns within body part regions. Instead of aggregating each pooled body part features from multi-layers with equal weight, we assign each with the learned optimal weight. This strategy also mitigates the scale differences among multi-layers. By optimizing the global and local features jointly, the DJL network further enhances the discriminative capability of the learned hybrid feature. Experimental results on Market-1501 and CUHK03 datasets show that our method could effectively handle the misalignment induced intra-class variations and yield competitive accuracy particularly on poorly aligned pedestrian images.

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Al-Barazanchi, Israa, Haider Rasheed Abdulshaheed, and Madya Safiah Binti Sidek. "A Survey: Issues and challenges of communication technologies in WBAN." Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v1i2.85.

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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) refers to a group of small intelligent electronic devices placed on the human body to monitor its vital signals. It provides a continuous health monitoring of a patient without any constraint on his/her normal daily life activities through the health care applications. Due to the strong heterogeneous nature of the applications, data rates will vary strongly, ranging from simple data at a few Kbits/s to video stream of several Kbits/s. Data can also be sent in bursts, which means that it is sent at a higher data rate during the bursts. This study covers the main requirements of communication technologies that are used in WBAN comprise of two major parts. The first part, which presents the short-range classification, gives a specialized outline of a few standard wireless technologies that are short- ranged. These are introduced as contender for intra-BAN communications for communications inside a Body Area Network (BAN) and between the elements.

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Torres, Daniela, Carlos Zaror, Verónica Iturriaga, and Aurelio Tobias. "Intra-articular corticosteroids for treatment of temporomandibular joint internal disorders: protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e034327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034327.

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IntroductionInternal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are present in approximately 80% of patients with symptomatic temporomandibular disorders. Among the minimally invasive therapies, we find the intra-articular infiltration of substances, such as corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid or platelet-rich plasma accompanied or not by an arthrocentesis. There are several studies on minimally invasive therapy for internal TMJ disorders; however, none compares the effectiveness of the different intra-articular corticosteroids to each other.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the different intra-articular corticosteroids for the treatment of internal disorders of the TMJ and compare them to each other or to other minimally invasive therapies.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be carried out up to December 2019 in the electronic databases: Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS and LILACS.Randomised clinical trials evaluating patients with internal disorders of the TMJ, with intra-articular corticosteroid therapy and comparing these to each other and/or to other minimally invasive therapy will be included. The main outcomes will be pain and range of motion measured through validated scales.Two review authors will independently screen search results, extract data from included studies and assess the risk of bias in those studies using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2.0). In the case of any discrepancy and failure to reach consensus, this will be resolved by a third reviewer.A network meta-analysis will be conducted based on direct comparisons to generate indirect comparisons of the different treatments. Data will be combined in a meta-analysis using a random effects model.The principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be used to assess the overall quality of the body of evidence associated with the main results.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol will not require ethical approval. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberCRD42019129014.

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Cristiano, Maria Chiara, Antonia Mancuso, Elena Giuliano, Donato Cosco, Donatella Paolino, and Massimo Fresta. "EtoGel for Intra-Articular Drug Delivery: A New Challenge for Joint Diseases Treatment." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12, no. 2 (May 16, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb12020034.

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Ethosomes® have been proposed as potential intra-articular drug delivery devices, in order to obtain a longer residence time of the delivered drug in the knee joint. To this aim, the conventional composition and preparation method were modified. Ethosomes® were prepared by using a low ethanol concentration and carrying out a vesicle extrusion during the preparation. The modified composition did not affect the deformability of ethosomes®, a typical feature of this colloidal vesicular topical carrier. The maintenance of sufficient deformability bodes well for an effective ethosome® application in the treatment of joint pathologies because they should be able to go beyond the pores of the dense collagen II network. The investigated ethosomes® were inserted in a three-dimensional network of thermo-sensitive poloxamer gel (EtoGel) to improve the residence time in the joint. Rheological experiments evidenced that EtoGel could allow an easy intra-articular injection at room temperature and hence transform itself in gel form at body temperature into the joint. Furthermore, EtoGel seemed to be able to support the knee joint during walking and running. In vitro studies demonstrated that the amount of used ethanol did not affect the viability of human chondrocytes and nanocarriers were also able to suitably interact with cells.

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Jeong, Dasol, Hasil Park, Joongchol Shin, Donggoo Kang, and Joonki Paik. "Uniformity Attentive Learning-Based Siamese Network for Person Re-Identification." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 3603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123603.

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Person re-identification (Re-ID) has a problem that makes learning difficult such as misalignment and occlusion. To solve these problems, it is important to focus on robust features in intra-class variation. Existing attention-based Re-ID methods focus only on common features without considering distinctive features. In this paper, we present a novel attentive learning-based Siamese network for person Re-ID. Unlike existing methods, we designed an attention module and attention loss using the properties of the Siamese network to concentrate attention on common and distinctive features. The attention module consists of channel attention to select important channels and encoder-decoder attention to observe the whole body shape. We modified the triplet loss into an attention loss, called uniformity loss. The uniformity loss generates a unique attention map, which focuses on both common and discriminative features. Extensive experiments show that the proposed network compares favorably to the state-of-the-art methods on three large-scale benchmarks including Market-1501, CUHK03 and DukeMTMC-ReID datasets.

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Kim, Beom-Su, Tae-Eung Sung, and Ki-Il Kim. "An NS-3 Implementation and Experimental Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.6 Standard under Different Deployment Scenarios." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114007.

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Various simulation studies for wireless body area networks (WBANs) based on the IEEE 802.15.6 standard have recently been carried out. However, most of these studies have applied a simplified model without using any major components specific to IEEE 802.15.6, such as connection-oriented link allocations, inter-WBAN interference mitigation, or a two-hop star topology extension. Thus, such deficiencies can lead to an inaccurate performance analysis. To solve these problems, in this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of the major components of the IEEE 802.15.6 standard and herein present modeling strategies for implementing IEEE 802.15.6 MAC on an NS-3 simulator. In addition, we configured realistic network scenarios for a performance evaluation in terms of throughput, average delay, and power consumption. The simulation results prove that our simulation system provides acceptable levels of performance for various types of medical applications, and can support the latest research topics regarding the dynamic resource allocation, inter-WBAN interference mitigation, and intra-WBAN routing.

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Zhou, Hao, Wengang Zhou, Yun Zhou, and Houqiang Li. "Spatial-Temporal Multi-Cue Network for Continuous Sign Language Recognition." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 13009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.7001.

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Despite the recent success of deep learning in continuous sign language recognition (CSLR), deep models typically focus on the most discriminative features, ignoring other potentially non-trivial and informative contents. Such characteristic heavily constrains their capability to learn implicit visual grammars behind the collaboration of different visual cues (i,e., hand shape, facial expression and body posture). By injecting multi-cue learning into neural network design, we propose a spatial-temporal multi-cue (STMC) network to solve the vision-based sequence learning problem. Our STMC network consists of a spatial multi-cue (SMC) module and a temporal multi-cue (TMC) module. The SMC module is dedicated to spatial representation and explicitly decomposes visual features of different cues with the aid of a self-contained pose estimation branch. The TMC module models temporal correlations along two parallel paths, i.e., intra-cue and inter-cue, which aims to preserve the uniqueness and explore the collaboration of multiple cues. Finally, we design a joint optimization strategy to achieve the end-to-end sequence learning of the STMC network. To validate the effectiveness, we perform experiments on three large-scale CSLR benchmarks: PHOENIX-2014, CSL and PHOENIX-2014-T. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves new state-of-the-art performance on all three benchmarks.

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Masroor, Komal, Varun Jeoti, Micheal Drieberg, Sovuthy Cheab, and Sujan Rajbhandari. "A Heuristic Approach for Optical Transceiver Placement to Optimize SNR and Illuminance Uniformities of an Optical Body Area Network." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 2943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092943.

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The bi-directional information transfer in optical body area networks (OBANs) is crucial at all the three tiers of communication, i.e., intra-, inter-, and beyond-BAN communication, which correspond to tier-I, tier-II, and tier-III, respectively. However, the provision of uninterrupted uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) connections at tier II (inter-BAN) are extremely critical, since these links serve as a bridge between tier-I (intra-BAN) and tier-III (beyond-BAN) communication. Any negligence at this level could be life-threatening; therefore, enabling quality-of-service (QoS) remains a fundamental design issue at tier-II. Consequently, to provide QoS, a key parameter is to ensure link reliability and communication quality by maintaining a nearly uniform signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) within the coverage area. Several studies have reported the effects of transceiver related parameters on OBAN link performance, nevertheless the implications of changing transmitter locations on the SNR uniformity and communication quality have not been addressed. In this work, we undertake a DL scenario and analyze how the placement of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps can improve the SNR uniformity, regardless of the receiver position. Subsequently, we show that using the principle of reciprocity (POR) and with transmitter-receiver positions switched, the analysis is also applicable to UL, provided that the optical channel remains linear. Moreover, we propose a generalized optimal placement scheme along with a heuristic design formula to achieve uniform SNR and illuminance for DL using a fixed number of transmitters and compare it with an existing technique. The study reveals that the proposed placement technique reduces the fluctuations in SNR by 54% and improves the illuminance uniformity up to 102% as compared to the traditional approach. Finally, we show that, for very low luminous intensity, the SNR values remain sufficient to maintain a minimum bit error rate (BER) of 10−9 with on-off keying non-return-to-zero (OOK-NRZ) modulation format.

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Giannini, Paolo, Giulia Bassani, Carlo Alberto Avizzano, and Alessandro Filippeschi. "Wearable Sensor Network for Biomechanical Overload Assessment in Manual Material Handling." Sensors 20, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143877.

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The assessment of risks due to biomechanical overload in manual material handling is nowadays mainly based on observational methods in which an expert rater visually inspects videos of the working activity. Currently available sensing wearable technologies for motion and muscular activity capture enables to advance the risk assessment by providing reliable, repeatable, and objective measures. However, existing solutions do not address either a full body assessment or the inclusion of measures for the evaluation of the effort. This article proposes a novel system for the assessment of biomechanical overload, capable of covering all areas of ISO 11228, that uses a sensor network composed of inertial measurement units (IMU) and electromyography (EMG) sensors. The proposed method is capable of gathering and processing data from three IMU-based motion capture systems and two EMG capture devices. Data are processed to provide both segmentation of the activity and ergonomic risk score according to the methods reported in the ISO 11228 and the TR 12295. The system has been tested on a challenging outdoor scenario such as lift-on/lift-off of containers on a cargo ship. A comparison of the traditional evaluation method and the proposed one shows the consistency of the proposed system, its time effectiveness, and its potential for deeper analyses that include intra-subject and inter-subjects variability as well as a quantitative biomechanical analysis.

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Weng, Chi-Hung, Chih-Li Wang, Yu-Jui Huang, Yu-Cheng Yeh, Chen-Ju Fu, Chao-Yuan Yeh, and Tsung-Ting Tsai. "Artificial Intelligence for Automatic Measurement of Sagittal Vertical Axis Using ResUNet Framework." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111826.

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We present an automated method for measuring the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) from lateral radiography of whole spine using a convolutional neural network for keypoint detection (ResUNet) with our improved localization method. The algorithm is robust to various clinical conditions, such as degenerative changes or deformities. The ResUNet was trained and evaluated on 990 standing lateral radiographs taken at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and performs SVA measurement with median absolute error of 1.183 ± 0.166 mm. The 5-mm detection rate of the C7 body and the sacrum are 91% and 87%, respectively. The SVA calculation takes approximately 0.2 s per image. The intra-class correlation coefficient of the SVA estimates between the algorithm and physicians of different years of experience ranges from 0.946 to 0.993, indicating an excellent consistency. The superior performance of the proposed method and its high consistency with physicians proved its usefulness for automatic measurement of SVA in clinical settings.

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Rajasekaran, Nandakumar, and Athi N. Naganathan. "A self-consistent structural perturbation approach for determining the magnitude and extent of allosteric coupling in proteins." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 14 (July 6, 2017): 2379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20170304.

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Elucidating the extent of energetic coupling between residues in single-domain proteins, which is a fundamental determinant of allostery, information transfer and folding cooperativity, has remained a grand challenge. While several sequence- and structure-based approaches have been proposed, a self-consistent description that is simultaneously compatible with unfolding thermodynamics is lacking. We recently developed a simple structural perturbation protocol that captures the changes in thermodynamic stabilities induced by point mutations within the protein interior. Here, we show that a fundamental residue-specific component of this perturbation approach, the coupling distance, is uniquely sensitive to the environment of a residue in the protein to a distance of ∼15 Å. With just the protein contact map as an input, we reproduce the extent of percolation of perturbations within the structure as observed in network analysis of intra-protein interactions, molecular dynamics simulations and NMR-observed changes in chemical shifts. Using this rapid protocol that relies on a single structure, we explain the results of statistical coupling analysis (SCA) that requires hundreds of sequences to identify functionally critical sectors, the propagation and dissipation of perturbations within proteins and the higher-order couplings deduced from detailed NMR experiments. Our results thus shed light on the possible mechanistic origins of signaling through the interaction network within proteins, the likely distance dependence of perturbations induced by ligands and post-translational modifications and the origins of folding cooperativity through many-body interactions.

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Caffarra, Paolo, Simona Gardini, Francesca Dieci, Sandra Copelli, Laura Maset, Letizia Concari, Elisabetta Farina, and Enzo Grossi. "The Qualitative Scoring MMSE Pentagon Test (QSPT): A New Method for Differentiating Dementia with Lewy Body from Alzheimer’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 27, no. 2 (2013): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/728158.

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The differential diagnosis across different variants of degenerative diseases is sometimes controversial. This study aimed to validate a qualitative scoring method for the pentagons copy test (QSPT) of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) based on the assessment of different parameters of the pentagons drawing, such as number of angles, distance/intersection, closure/opening, rotation, closing-in, and to verify its efficacy to differentiate dementia with Lewy Body (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD). We established the reliability of the qualitative scoring method through the inter-raters and intra-subjects analysis. QSPT was then applied to forty-six AD and forty-six DLB patients, using two phases statistical approach, standard and artificial neural network respectively. DLB patients had significant lower total score in the copy of pentagons and number of angles, distance/intersection, closure/opening, rotation compared to AD. However the logistic regression did not allow to establish any suitable modeling, whereas using Auto-Contractive Map (Auto-CM) the DLB was more strongly associated with low scores in some qualitative parameters of pentagon copying, i.e. number of angles and opening/closure and, for the remaining subitems of the MMSE, in naming, repetition and written comprehension, and for demographic variables of gender (male) and education (6–13 years). Twist system modeling showed that the QSPT had a good sensitivity (70.29%) and specificity (78.67%) (ROC-AUC 0.74). The proposed qualitative method of assessment of pentagons copying used in combination with non-linear analysis, showed to be consistent and effective in the differential diagnosis between Lewy Body and Alzheimer’s dementia.

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Isogai, Toshiaki, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Tetsuro Ueda, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Yoichi Imori, Yuichiro Maekawa, Konomi Sakata, et al. "Apical Takotsubo syndrome versus anterior acute myocardial infarction: findings from the Tokyo Cardiovascular Care Unit network registry." European Heart Journal: Acute Cardiovascular Care 8, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048872618762638.

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Background: Although the typical apical form of Takotsubo syndrome and anterior acute myocardial infarction have similar electrocardiographic and echocardiographic presentations, data on the clinical differences between the two disorders are limited. Methods: Using the Tokyo Cardiovascular Care Unit network registry, we identified patients hospitalised with apical Takotsubo syndrome ( n=540; 2010–2014) or anterior acute myocardial infarction ( n=2,806; 2013–2014) and created 522 age and sex-matched pairs (mean age 74.1 years; women 78.5%). We compared the clinical characteristics and inhospital outcomes between the two groups. Results: On admission, patients with apical Takotsubo syndrome showed a lower body mass index, less frequent chest pain/tightness, lower systolic blood pressure, higher heart rate, lower creatine kinase, higher C-reactive protein and brain natriuretic peptide, and less frequent ST-elevation than patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction. Patients with apical Takotsubo syndrome received catecholamine (12.8% vs. 24.5%, P<0.001) and intra-aortic balloon pumping (5.9% vs. 15.1%, P<0.001) less frequently. Despite similar all-cause mortality (5.4% vs. 7.9%, P=0.134), patients with apical Takotsubo syndrome showed lower cardiac mortality (2.1% vs. 6.7%, P<0.001; risk difference −4.6% (95% confidence interval −7.1% to −2.1%)) but higher non-cardiac mortality (3.3% vs. 1.1%, P=0.033; 2.1% (0.3%–3.9%)). In subgroup comparisons, patients with physically triggered Takotsubo syndrome had higher non-cardiac mortality (7.0%) than those with non-physically triggered Takotsubo syndrome (1.2%, P=0.001) or anterior acute myocardial infarction (1.1%, P<0.001). Conclusions: This study found that cardiac and non-cardiac mortality risks differed significantly between apical Takotsubo syndrome and anterior acute myocardial infarction. Our findings underscore the importance of differentiating between the two disorders for appropriate management.

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Mei, Feng, Qian Hu, Changxuan Yang, and Lingfeng Liu. "ARMA-Based Segmentation of Human Limb Motion Sequences." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 5577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165577.

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With the development of human motion capture (MoCap) equipment and motion analysis technologies, MoCap systems have been widely applied in many fields, including biomedicine, computer vision, virtual reality, etc. With the rapid increase in MoCap data collection in different scenarios and applications, effective segmentation of MoCap data is becoming a crucial issue for further human motion posture and behavior analysis, which requires both robustness and computation efficiency in the algorithm design. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised segmentation algorithm based on limb-bone partition angle body structural representation and autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model fitting. The collected MoCap data were converted into the angle sequence formed by the human limb-bone partition segment and the central spine segment. The limb angle sequences are matched by the ARMA model, and the segmentation points of the limb angle sequences are distinguished by analyzing the good of fitness of the ARMA model. A medial filtering algorithm is proposed to ensemble the segmentation results from individual limb motion sequences. A set of MoCap measurements were also conducted to evaluate the algorithm including typical body motions collected from subjects of different heights, and were labeled by manual segmentation. The proposed algorithm is compared with the principle component analysis (PCA), K-means clustering algorithm (K-means), and back propagation (BP) neural-network-based segmentation algorithms, which shows higher segmentation accuracy due to a more semantic description of human motions by limb-bone partition angles. The results highlight the efficiency and performance of the proposed algorithm, and reveals the potentials of this segmentation model on analyzing inter- and intra-motion sequence distinguishing.

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Kumar, Sameer, and Jariah Mohd Jan. "The assortativity of scholars at a research-intensive university in Malaysia." Electronic Library 33, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-02-2013-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to provide quantitative indicators of intra-university assortative mixing patterns of scholars based on five parameters: degree of connections, faculty, professional position, gender and race. Design/methodology/approach – We conducted a case study of business and management scholars of University of Malaya, a research-intensive University in Malaysia, using co-authorship in papers indexed in the Digital Library Indexing System, Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) database of Web of Science, from 2006 to 2010. Background information of scholars was extracted from bibliometric records, online curriculum vitaes and other online sources. Assortativity coefficients were calculated for all parameters. Findings – The study found a degree assortativity coefficient of 0.195, which corresponds with other studies in the literature. Assortativity due to university faculty was strongly assortative at 0.649, whereas gender (0.28) and race (0.16) were weakly assortative. However, in contrast to the common belief that “similarity breeds connection”, the scholars were highly disassortative by professional position (−0.75). Practical implications – This study holds significance to policymakers in understanding the socio-academic factors that bring scholars together. It also adds to the body of knowledge in social network studies that are examining the various factors responsible in bringing the actors together. Originality/value – This is one of the first studies that empirically investigated mixing patterns of researchers at a prominent research-intensive university in Malaysia.

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Oguntona, Oluwaferanmi, Kay Ploetner, Marcia Urban, Raoul Rothfeld, and Mirko Hornung. "IMPACT OF AIRLINE BUSINESS MODELS, MARKET SEGMENTS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS ON AIRCRAFT CABIN CONFIGURATIONS." Journal of Air Transport Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v10i1.8.

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Besides the significance of estimating aircraft seat capacity for airline operating cost and yield estimation as well as for the conceptual design of aircraft, airline fleet planning requires an understanding of aircraft cabin configuration. This paper presents the impact of airline business models, market segments in terms of flight distances, and geographical regions on aircraft cabin configuration, i.e. aircraft seat capacities and installed seats per cabin class. Using the historical databases of global low-cost carriers and airline flight schedules between 2000 and 2016, two ABM clusters – full-service network carriers (FSNCs) and low-cost carriers (LCCs) - were developed, while using seven already-developed passenger-aircraft clusters. Focusing on the jet commuter (JC), narrow-body (NB) and long-range (LR) aircraft clusters, studies were conducted on the historical development of aircraft cluster seat capacities at different abstraction levels: global, airline business model, intra- and inter-regional flight distances, as well as a combination of ABM and (inter)regional flights. Selected results were further analysed using statistical tests on the mean and regression analysis. The analysis results show that LCCs use aircraft that have less average scheduled and less average maximum possible seats than FSNCs. Specifically, FSNCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in LR cluster than LCCs, while LCCs use significantly bigger aircraft types in JC cluster than FSNCs. Furthermore, average cabin utilisation of aircraft clusters scheduled by LCCs are significantly higher than average cabin utilisation scheduled by FSNCs. With increasing distance, average cabin utilisation also significantly reduces.

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Bangash, Javed Iqbal, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Mohammad Abdur Razzaque, and Abdul Waheed Khan. "Reliability Aware Routing for Intra-Wireless Body Sensor Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. 10 (January 2014): 786537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/786537.

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Darmawan, Mohd Faaizie, Ahmad Firdaus Zainal Abidin, Shahreen Kasim, Tole Sutikno, and Rahmat Budiarto. "Random forest age estimation model based on length of left hand bone for Asian population." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp549-558.

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In forensic anthropology, age estimation is used to ease the process of identifying the age of a living being or the body of a deceased person. Nonetheless, the specialty of the estimation models is solely suitable to a specific people. Commonly, the models are inter and intra-observer variability as the qualitative set of data is being used which results the estimation of age to rely on forensic experts. This study proposes an age estimation model by using length of bone in left hand of Asian subjects range from newborn up to 18-year-old. One soft computing model, which is Random Forest (RF) is used to develop the estimation model and the results are compared with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), developed in the previous case studies. The performance measurement used in this study and the previous case study are R-square and Mean Square Error (MSE) value. Based on the results produced, the RF model shows comparable results with the ANN and SVM model. For male subjects, the performance of the RF model is better than ANN, however less ideal than SVM model. As for female subjects, the RF model overperfoms both ANN and SVM model. Overall, the RF model is the most suitable model in estimating age for female subjects compared to ANN and SVM model, however for male subjects, RF model is the second best model compared to the both models. Yet, the application of this model is restricted only to experimental purpose or forensic practice.

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Bangash, Javed Iqbal, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Mohammad Abdur Razzaque, and Abdul Waheed Khan. "Critical Data Routing (CDR) for Intra Wireless Body Sensor Networks." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v13i1.365.

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Wu, Jun Sheng, Kai Zhang, Shi Ying Zhang, and Rui Ma. "The Finite-Element Simulation of the Intra-Body Communication Used in Wireless Body Area Networks." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.1083.

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The finite-element simulation of the intra-body communication used in wireless body area networks has been introduced. Firstly, a novel finite-element method for modeling the whole human body is proposed, while a FE model of the whole human body used for IBC simulation was developed. Secondly, the simulations of the galvanic coupling IBC with the different signal transmission paths were implemented. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by using the in vivo measurements. Our results indicate that the proposed method will offer the significant advantages in theoretical analysis and the application of the intra-body communication used in wireless body area networks.

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Guo, Hongzhi, Pedram Johari, Josep Miquel Jornet, and Zhi Sun. "Intra-Body Optical Channel Modeling for In Vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks." IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 15, no. 1 (January 2016): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2015.2508042.

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Cvetanovich, Gregory, Alan Zhang, Brian Feeley, Brian Wolf, Carolyn Hettrich, C. Benjamin Ma, and Drew Lansdown. "Risk Factors for Intra-Articular Bone and Cartilage Lesions in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Posterior Instability." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00376.

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Objectives: Patients with posterior shoulder instability often present with significant differences in history of injury and complaints compared to anterior instability that can lead to challenges in diagnosis and treatment. These patients may have bone and cartilage lesions in addition to caspulolabral injuries, though the risk factors for these intra-articular lesions are unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe intraoperative incidence of glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions in a cohort of patients undergoing primary posterior stabilization using data from a prospectively collected, multicenter shoulder instability cohort. We hypothesized that patients with traumatic posterior instability with greater number of instability events would have higher rate of bone and cartilage injuries compared to those without fewer instability episodes. Methods: Data from the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Group instability patient cohort was utilized for this study. This is a multi-center study encompassing a prospective evaluation of patients ages 12 to 99 years of age undergoing primary surgical treatment for shoulder instability by 24 orthopedic surgeons at 11 sites in the United States. Demographic data and specifics regarding the patient’s instability history were recorded, including patient age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, and Beighton score. The number of instability events was classified as 0, 1, 2 to 5, or more than 5. The duration of symptoms was classified as <1 month, 1-3 months, 4-6 months, 7-12 months, or greater than 1 year. The glenohumeral joint was evaluated by the treating surgeon at the time of surgical treatment for bone and cartilage injuries, and patients were classified as having a bone or cartilage lesion (BCL) if there was any grade 3 or 4 glenoid or humeral cartilage lesion, reverse Hill-Sachs lesion, bony Bankart lesion, or glenoid bone loss. The effects of number of instability events on the presence of BCLs was investigated using Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression modeling was performed to investigate the independent contributions of demographic variables and injury-specific variables to the likelihood of having a BCL. Significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: There were 271 patients identified for analysis. Bone and cartilage lesions were identified in 59 patients (21.8%) at the time of surgical treatment (Table 1). The most common lesion was a glenoid cartilage injury, which was identified in 28 patients (10.3%). Patients with BCLs were significantly older and had significantly higher BMI relative to patients without BCLs (Table 2). There was a significant difference between the number of instability events and the presence of BCLs (p = 0.035), with the highest rate observed in patients with 2-5 instability events (33.9%) (Figure 1). Through multivariate logistic regression modeling, increasing age (p=0.002), increasing BMI (p=0.012), and 2 to 5 reported instability events (p=0.001) were significant independent predictors of the presence of BCLs. Conclusion: Bone and cartilage lesions are seen significantly more frequently with increasing patient age, increasing BMI, and patients with 2-5 instability events. Early surgical stabilization for posterior instability may be considered to potentially limit the extent of associated intra-articular injury. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text]

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Ion, Rodica Mariana, Aurora Anca Poinescu, and Sanda Maria Doncea. "Novel Three-Component Composite Materials (Hydroxyapatite/Polymer Mixtures) for Bone Regeneration." Key Engineering Materials 587 (November 2013): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.587.197.

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Biomaterial is a non-drug substance suitable for inclusion in systems which augment or replace the function of body tissues or organs. The nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most applied biomaterial, a popular bone substitute, for coatings and other filler materials due to their ability to promote mineralization. Hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] is one of the most stable forms of calcium phosphate and it occurs in bones as major component (60 to 65%), along with other materials including collagen, chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and lipids. In order to improve the bioactivity and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite, some synthetic and natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, collagen, chitosan, chitine) have been used as excellent candidates for bone/cartilage tissue engineering applications. In this paper we propose to synthesize novel three-component composite materials from HAp and cellulose (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) with one of the following natural polymers (chitosan (CS), chitine (CT), collagen (CLG), all of them named CX), biocompatible (from CMC) and with excellent antimicrobial activity (from HAp). Similarly to CS, CMC has an extensive network of intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds which makes it insoluble in water or in common organic solvents. To prepare this new composite material, ionic liquids (ILs) have been used as potential green solvents for biopolymers, knowing that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMImCl] is able to dissolve up to 10% (w/w) of CMC, and other polysaccharides such as CS. In the studied systems, HAp particles were dispersed uniformly in organic phase, and are present strong chemical interactions between the three phases. In our case, a highly porous film was prepared and its bioactivity was investigated byin vitrotests in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 6 months. By ICP-OES, was found a migration of analyzed metals (Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni) in simulated physiological fluids (SBF) analyzed after a period of 6 months, but only in the ppb concentrations range. Different system (HAp/CX/CMC) composites with weight ratios of 70/10/20, 70/15/15 and 70/20/10 were prepared. The new composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy Fourier transformed (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ICP-OES. Their antimicrobial activity has been tested onCandida albicans,Candida parapsilosisandStaphylococcus aureus,proofing an excellent antimicrobial activity.

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Santagati, G. Enrico, and Tommaso Melodia. "Opto-ultrasonic communications for wireless intra-body nanonetworks." Nano Communication Networks 5, no. 1-2 (March 2014): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2014.03.001.

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Malak, Derya, and Ozgur Akan. "Communication theoretical understanding of intra-body nervous nanonetworks." IEEE Communications Magazine 52, no. 4 (April 2014): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6807957.

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Guan, Zhangyu, G. Enrico Santagati, and Tommaso Melodia. "Distributed Algorithms for Joint Channel Access and Rate Control in Ultrasonic Intra-Body Networks." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 24, no. 5 (October 2016): 3109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2015.2510294.

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Borges, Ligia F., Michael T. Barros, and Michele Nogueira. "Toward Reliable Intra-Body Molecular Communication: An Error Control Perspective." IEEE Communications Magazine 59, no. 5 (May 2021): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2000487.

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Hemes, S., G. Desbois, J. L. Urai, M. De Craen, and M. Honty. "Variations in the morphology of porosity in the Boom Clay Formation: insights from 2D high resolution BIB-SEM imaging and Mercury injection Porosimetry." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 92, no. 4 (December 2013): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600000214.

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AbstractBoom Clay is considered as one of the potential host rocks for the disposal of high level and/or long lived radioactive waste in a geological formation in Belgium (Mol study site, Mol-1 borehole) and the Netherlands. The direct characterisation of the pore space is essential to help understand the transport properties of radionuclides in argillaceous materials.This contribution aims to characterise and compare the morphology of the pore space in different Boom Clay samples, representing end-members with regard to mineralogy (i.e. clay content) and grain-size distribution of this formation. Broad ion beam (BIB) cross-sectioning is combined with SEM imaging of porosity and Mercury injection Porosimetry (MIP) to characterise the variability of the pore space in Boom Clay at the nm- to μm-scale within representative 2D areas and to relate microstructural observations to fluid flow properties of the bulk sample material. Segmented pores in 2D BIB surfaces are classified according to the mineralogy, generating representative datasets of up to 100,000 pores per cross-section.Results show total SEM-resolved porosities of 10-20% and different characteristic mineral phase internal pore morphologies and intra-phase porosities.Most of the nano-porosity resides in the clay matrix. In addition, in the silt-rich samples, larger inter-aggregate pores contribute to a major part of the resolved porosity. Pore-size distributions within the clay matrix suggest power-law behaviour of pore areas with exponents between 1.56-1.74. Mercury injection Porosimetry, with access to pore-throat diameters down to 3.6 nm, shows total interconnected porosities between 27-35 Vol.-%, and the observed hysteresis in the MIP intrusion vs. extrusion curves suggests relatively high pore-body to pore-throat ratios in Boom Clay. The difference between BIB-SEM visible and MIP measured porosities is explained by the resolution limit of the BIB-SEM method, as well as the limited size of the BIB-polished cross-section areas analysed. Compilation of the results provides a conceptual model of the pore network in fine- and coarse-grained samples of Boom Clay, where different mineral phases show characteristic internal porosities and pore morphologies and the overall pore space can be modelled based on the distribution of these mineral phases, as well as the grain-size distribution of the samples investigated.

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Jørgensen, Claus, Ole Uhrskov Friis, and Christian Koch. "Transforming capabilities in offshoring processes." Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/so-12-2014-0031.

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Purpose – This paper aims to focus on how organisational capabilities, enhancing the dynamic capability perspective, evolve during a more than five-year offshoring process in four Danish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The strategic decision to offshore some manufacturing activities meant that capabilities were ruptured and had to be rebuilt. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical investigation took the form of qualitative case studies with a longitudinal orientation focussing in on a few events in the four cases (strategic change in the sourcing configuration) as a process research design (Pettigrew, 1990; Van de Ven, 2007). Interviews were transcribed and coded in NVivo. Findings – The four cases followed distinct trajectories, but they all changed their routines regarding how to handle knowledge, including both technology and human resources. A need for specific human resources acting as boundary spanners arose, transforming both intra- and inter-organisational practices in all four cases. More complex activities were moved offshore to enhance the dynamic capabilities of the companies regarding both product development as well as specific processes, thereby transforming/reconfiguring the organisational capabilities of the companies. However, in the two small-sized cases, more complex/less routinised activities were backsourced, demonstrating a significant problem over time with the development of sufficient organisational resources to maintain seizing and sensing capabilities within these companies in comparison with the two other medium-sized cases. Research limitations/implications – The fact that most of the data were generated from an inside-out perspective, taking the point of departure in the core firms, can be viewed as a limitation. The authors’ data on the wider network are also limited. Finally, the authors’ interviews are conducted relatively infrequently when considering the length of the process. Practical implications – The four longitudinal cases show that the longer-term offshoring journey does not involve a single path or a single best practice. The cases show captive as well as outsourcing arrangements and even enterprise transformations. The cases demonstrate a common focus on finding and nurturing core suppliers and core business processes, which can be characterised as continual learning and development of organising capabilities. Originality/value – The study contributes to the growing body of research into dynamic (organisational) capabilities in an offshoring and SME context.

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Zuhra, Fatima Tul, Kamalrulnizam Bin Abu Bakar, Adnan Ahmed Arain, Umair Ali Khan, and Ali Raza Bhangwar. "MIQoS-RP: Multi-Constraint Intra-BAN, QoS-Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 99880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997402.

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Asan, Noor, Emadeldeen Hassan, Jacob Shah, Daniel Noreland, Taco Blokhuis, Eddie Wadbro, Martin Berggren, Thiemo Voigt, and Robin Augustine. "Characterization of the Fat Channel for Intra-Body Communication at R-Band Frequencies." Sensors 18, no. 9 (August 21, 2018): 2752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092752.

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In this paper, we investigate the use of fat tissue as a communication channel between in-body, implanted devices at R-band frequencies (1.7–2.6 GHz). The proposed fat channel is based on an anatomical model of the human body. We propose a novel probe that is optimized to efficiently radiate the R-band frequencies into the fat tissue. We use our probe to evaluate the path loss of the fat channel by studying the channel transmission coefficient over the R-band frequencies. We conduct extensive simulation studies and validate our results by experimentation on phantom and ex-vivo porcine tissue, with good agreement between simulations and experiments. We demonstrate a performance comparison between the fat channel and similar waveguide structures. Our characterization of the fat channel reveals propagation path loss of ∼0.7 dB and ∼1.9 dB per cm for phantom and ex-vivo porcine tissue, respectively. These results demonstrate that fat tissue can be used as a communication channel for high data rate intra-body networks.

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Spindler, Kurt P., Laura J. Huston, Kevin M. Chagin, Michael W. Kattan, Emily K. Reinke, Annunziato Amendola, Jack T. Andrish, et al. "Ten-Year Outcomes and Risk Factors After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A MOON Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 4 (March 2018): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517749850.

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Background: The long-term prognosis and risk factors for quality of life and disability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain unknown. Hypothesis/Purpose: Our objective was to identify patient-reported outcomes and patient-specific risk factors from a large prospective cohort at a minimum 10-year follow-up after ACL reconstruction. We hypothesized that meniscus and articular cartilage injuries, revision ACL reconstruction, subsequent knee surgery, and certain demographic characteristics would be significant risk factors for inferior outcomes at 10 years. Study Design: Therapeutic study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Unilateral ACL reconstruction procedures were identified and prospectively enrolled between 2002 and 2004 from 7 sites in the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON). Patients preoperatively completed a series of validated outcome instruments, including the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Marx activity rating scale. At the time of surgery, physicians documented all intra-articular abnormalities, treatment, and surgical techniques utilized. Patients were followed at 2, 6, and 10 years postoperatively and asked to complete the same outcome instruments that they completed at baseline. The incidence and details of any subsequent knee surgeries were also obtained. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of the outcome. Results: A total of 1592 patients were enrolled (57% male; median age, 24 years). Ten-year follow-up was obtained on 83% (n = 1320) of the cohort. Both IKDC and KOOS scores significantly improved at 2 years and were maintained at 6 and 10 years. Conversely, Marx scores dropped markedly over time, from a median score of 12 points at baseline to 9 points at 2 years, 7 points at 6 years, and 6 points at 10 years. The patient-specific risk factors for inferior 10-year outcomes were lower baseline scores; higher body mass index; being a smoker at baseline; having a medial or lateral meniscus procedure performed before index ACL reconstruction; undergoing revision ACL reconstruction; undergoing lateral meniscectomy; grade 3 to 4 articular cartilage lesions in the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartments; and undergoing any subsequent ipsilateral knee surgery after index ACL reconstruction. Conclusion: Patients were able to perform sports-related functions and maintain a relatively high knee-related quality of life 10 years after ACL reconstruction, although activity levels significantly declined over time. Multivariable analysis identified several key modifiable risk factors that significantly influence the outcome.

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Duchman, Kyle R., Carolyn M. Hettrich, Natalie A. Glass, Robert W. Westermann, Brian R. Wolf, Keith Baumgarten, Julie Bishop, et al. "The Incidence of Glenohumeral Bone and Cartilage Lesions at the Time of Anterior Shoulder Stabilization Surgery: A Comparison of Patients Undergoing Primary and Revision Surgery." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 10 (July 9, 2018): 2449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518781331.

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Background: Intra-articular glenohumeral joint changes frequently occur after shoulder instability events. Purpose: (1) To compare demographic characteristics, baseline patient-reported outcomes, and intraoperative findings for patients undergoing primary or revision shoulder stabilization surgery and (2) to determine the incidence of glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions in this population while identifying factors independently associated with these lesions. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Group shoulder instability database was used to identify all prospectively enrolled patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery for anterior instability between October 2012 and September 2016. Any patient who underwent surgery for posterior or multidirectional shoulder instability or concomitant rotator cuff repair surgery was excluded. Patient demographic characteristics, preoperative patient-reported outcomes, and intraoperative findings, including glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions, were compared for patients undergoing primary and revision shoulder stabilization surgery. Additionally, patients with and without glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions were compared and independent associations determined using multivariate analysis. Results: There were 545 patients available for analysis (461/545 [84.6%] primary; 84/545 [15.4%] revision). Patients undergoing revision surgery were older ( P = .001), were more frequently smokers ( P = .022), had a greater number of instability events before surgery ( P = .047), more frequently required reduction assistance ( P < .001), and had lower Short Form–36 (SF-36) Mental Component Summary ( P = .020) and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) ( P = .026) scores preoperatively. Additionally, patients undergoing revision surgery had a higher frequency of bone and cartilage lesions than those undergoing primary surgery (47.6% vs 18.4%, respectively; P < .001). Male sex, revision surgery, black race, increasing body mass index, increasing patient age, and lower preoperative SF-36 Physical Component Summary score were independently associated with the presence of glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions at the time of shoulder stabilization surgery. Revision surgery was strongly associated with the presence of glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions (odds ratio [OR], 4.381 [95% CI, 2.591-7.406]) and glenoid bone loss greater than 10% (OR, 9.643 [95% CI, 5.128-18.134]) or 20% (OR, 13.076 [95% CI, 5.113-33.438]) of the glenoid width. Conclusion: Glenohumeral bone and cartilage lesions are common at the time of shoulder stabilization surgery, occurring more frequently in patients undergoing revision surgery as compared with primary surgery. On the basis of these findings, future prospective studies should aim to compare the clinical outcomes in these 2 groups.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intra-Body Network'

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