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Journal articles on the topic 'Intra-communal'
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1
Barak, Oren. "INTRA-COMMUNAL AND INTER-COMMUNAL DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT AND PEACE IN LEBANON." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, no. 4 (2002): 619–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802004026.
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Recent contributions to the study of ethnic conflict, which attempt to explain why and under what circumstances members of ethnic groups, or communities,1 mobilize and engage in violence, include several works that are inspired by the “security dilemma”—a basic concept of the realist tradition of international theory.2 Barry Posen, for instance, argues that ethnic groups behave like sovereign states in the international system and are influenced by their proximity to other, similar groups in the same way that states are affected by their neighbors. Because security is the primary concern of these communities, each tries to enhance its security by strengthening its position. The actions the community takes, however, trigger the response of other groups, whose members intrinsically view it as offensive, regardless of its motives. A paradox thus emerges, as “what one does to enhance one's own security causes reactions that, in the end, can make one less secure.”3
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Marcus, Ossaiugbo Ifeanyi, Okposo Newton Ighomaro, and Apanapudor Joshua Sarduana. "Mathematical Modeling of Intra-Communal Violence and Risk-Level Analysis. Case Study: Obiaruku Community in Delta State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics 26, no. 3 (2024): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajpas/2024/v26i3599.
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This paper aims to capture the dynamics of intra-communal violence in a deterministic model of ordinary differential equations, accordingly, the Authors found some interesting results. Lack of quality education, insecurity, bad roads, drugs and alcoholism, unequal representation in government and religious decay have been identified as key factors supporting intra-communal violence over the years. In this research work we built all these factors into a deterministic model describing intra-communal violence and performed some basic mathematical analysis such as positivity of solutions, existence of invariant region, violence-free equilibrium, violence-persistent equilibrium, basic reproduction number, sensitivity analysis, stability analysis and bifurcation analysis. It was revealed that the violence-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The model exhibits a forward bifurcation. The sensitivity analysis revealed that injustice and insecurity are highly sensitive parameters of the basic reproduction number. We also designed a questionnaire to ascertain the violence risk level of Obiaruku community in Delta State, Nigeria and the analysis revealed that the community is at the medium high risk level and thus violence may occur in most cases in the community. The results of the stability analysis and the sensitivity analysis showed that under certain conditions, a community can be brought to the maximum low risk level and the maximum high peace level.
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van der Kooi, C. J., I. Pen, M. Staal, D. G. Stavenga, and J. T. M. Elzenga. "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers." Plant Biology 18, no. 1 (2015): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/plb.12328.
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Kpae, Gbenemene. "Oil Compensation and Intra-Communal Conflict in the Niger Delta." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 9, no. 7 (2023): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v9.no7.2023.pg24.29.
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Conflict is a recurrent phenomenon in the Niger Delta area. Many of the conflicts are due to poverty, unemployment, chieftaincy tussle and mistrust of the traditional institution. The aftermath of many of these conflicts are always immeasurable in financial terms, but usually include loss of lives and properties. The current crisis in Ogoni particularly in Kpor and Bomu communities of Gokana is one of such conflicts, arising from dispute over sharing of oil compensation money. This study, however, was conducted in Kpor community relied on key informant interview of community leaders and focus group discussion, and found that the crisis in Kpor was as a result of distrust of community leaders, especially the chiefs over oil compensation money supposedly paid through the chiefs. We, therefore, recommended the provision of employment for youths and channeling of oil compensation money towards community development projects rather than sharing among community members.
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Gbenemene, Kpae. "Oil Compensation and Intra-Communal Conflict in the Niger Delta." GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 06, no. 06 (2023): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8059519.
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Conflict is a recurrent phenomenon in the Niger Delta area. Many of the conflicts are due to poverty, unemployment, chieftaincy tussle and mistrust of the traditional institution. The aftermath of many of these conflicts are always immeasurable in financial terms, but usually include loss of lives and properties. The current crisis in Ogoni particularly in Kpor and Bomu communities of Gokana is one of such conflicts, arising from dispute over sharing of oil compensation money. This study, however, was conducted in Kpor community relied on key informant interview of community leaders and focus group discussion, and found that the crisis in Kpor was as a result of distrust of community leaders, especially the chiefs over oil compensation money supposedly paid through the chiefs. We, therefore, recommended the provision of employment for youths and channeling of oil compensation money towards community development projects rather than sharing among communitymembers.
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Pely, Doron, and Golan Luzon. "Hybrid dispute resolution model for migrant-host communities." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 5 (2019): 615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-01-2019-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to locate, describe and analyze the differences between the way migrants from communal cultures and local communities in Western Europe resolve intra-communal and inter-communal conflicts, and to use the findings to propose a hybrid alternative model that may be able to bridge across identified differences. Such a hybrid model will facilitate enhanced integration and adaptation between host and migrant communities, contributing to improved conflict resolution outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper starts with an exploration, review and analysis of existing relevant literature describing refugee/migrant–host community interactions and their consequences. The second stage includes review and analysis of relevant alternative dispute resolution (ADR) literature. The third stage undertakes an examination and analysis of the practices identified in stage two, and the fourth stage proposes a method that uses potentially “bridging” practices by incorporating useful and relevant elements from host and refugee communities’ ADR mechanisms, in a way that may help resolve inter-communal disputes. Findings The paper demonstrates significant differences between host and migrant communities’ dispute resolution practices and the integrability of relevant ADR approaches toward creating a usable, hybrid, bridging approach to handle inter-communal conflicts. Research limitations/implications The paper proposes a hybrid “bridging” host–refugee inter-communal conflict management model. The proposed model should be tested to prove feasibility and viability. Practical implications Should the proposed model prove useful, the practical implications may lead to the construction and use of different (hybrid) conflict management mechanisms in appropriate communities. Such mechanisms may lead to a reduction in the number and severity of inter-communal conflicts. Social implications A reduction in inter-communal conflicts within the framework of a host–migrant interface may have strong positive outcome to inter (and intra) communal relations and may reduce friction, crime, marginalization, hostility and radicalization. Originality/value The paper highlights the challenges to both migrant and host communities when it comes to finding a common ground for resolving inter-communal disputes and offers a pragmatic hybrid model to bridge cultural and functional gaps and help promote mutually satisfactory outcomes.
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Ben Shitrit, Lihi. "Gender and the (In)divisibility of Contested Sacred Places: The Case of Women for the Temple." Politics and Religion 10, no. 04 (2017): 812–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000281.
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Abstract Contested sacred sites, over which different religious groups assert claims to exclusivity, have drawn scholarly attention to the spatial interaction between religion and politics. However, the gendered dimensions of inter-communal religious-political disputes over sacred space, and women's roles in these site-specific conflicts, have been largely neglected. Using a case study of Orthodox Jewish women's activism for access to Temple Mount al-Haram al-Sharif, this article demonstrates how attention to gender and to women's engagement in inter-communal conflict over sacred places can illuminate unique intra-communal processes that aim to make a contested sacred site increasingly indivisible for parties to the conflict.
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Sedra, Paul. "COPTS AND THE MILLET PARTNERSHIP: THE INTRA-COMMUNAL DYNAMICS BEHIND EGYPTIAN SECTARIANISM." Journal of Law and Religion 29, no. 3 (2014): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2014.26.
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AbstractThe sparse scholarship on the political role of Coptic Christians in modern Egypt almost always takes the Coptic Orthodox Church as a point of departure, assuming that the head of the church, the Coptic patriarch, is not only the spiritual leader of the community but its political leader as well. This article argues that the disproportionate attention afforded to the Coptic Orthodox Church in this scholarship has obscured intra-communal dynamics of the Copts that are essential to an understanding of their political role. Through an analysis of historical struggles between the Coptic clergy and the Coptic laity for influence in Egyptian politics, as well as a particular focus on how these struggles have played out in the arena of personal status law, the article demonstrates that Egyptian politics and Coptic communal dynamics are deeply intertwined, to a degree often disregarded both by Copts and by Egypt analysts.
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Theobald, Simon. "Doubtful Food, Doubtful Faith." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 3, no. 2 (2012): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v3i2.245.
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The encroachment of maximalist thinking in Jewish and Muslim communities globally has been widely noted by scholars across disciplines. Todate, the influence of such thinking on the cultural construction of foodways, particularly food taboos, within these communities has been largely ignored. This article seeks to address shortcomings in this area of research. Using both fieldwork data from communities in Sydney, Australia, and digital ethnography, this article problematizes anthropological material that suggests that kosher and halal necessarily unite diverse co-religionists. Today, fundamentalists within these faith groups use the concept of “stringency” or “exactingness” in association with food preparation and products to reinterpret the concept of taboo. This process undermines normative communal ideation pertaining to food, providing fundamentalists opportunity to reject intra-communal commensality. Taboos then cease to function as a symbolic marker of communal unity, instead serving the anti-pluralist agenda of fundamentalists. In this way, food becomes the symbolic medium through which the discourse of communal legitimacy, authenticity, and purity, is paradoxically both achieved and rejected.
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Oyinloye, Bukola. "Children�s everyday work in rural Muslim Yor�b� communities in North Central Nigeria." Journal of the British Academy 10s2 (2022): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s2.153.
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Proponents of children�s freedom to work agree that work is socially, culturally, and relationally constructed. However, more remains to be known about these constructions, particularly in rural sub-Saharan Africa. This article explores the cultural childrearing beliefs or ethnotheories of Yor�b� parents in rural Northern Nigeria, and parents� role in organising children�s everyday intra-familial and intra-communal work. Data were generated within a broader ethnographic study which explored parents� perspectives and practices around formal schooling. Participant observation, including after school observations of children, and partly structured interviews were employed. Findings reveal children�s activities aligned with parents� ethnotheories about what and how children should learn towards becoming functional, communal adults or ?m?l��b�s. Parent�s ethnotheories also broadened to accommodate new realities, resulting in additional expectations of children. The article highlights the need to further examine the wider structures which underpin parents� ethnotheories and thereby determine children�s capabilities to realise their everyday lives.
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Onoma, Ato Kwamena. "Epidemics and intra-communal contestations: Ekeh, ‘les Guinéens’and Ebola in West Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 4 (2018): 595–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000563.
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AbstractAs the Ebola epidemic ravaged the Mano River Basin in 2014, there was concern in Senegal that the resident Peul community of Guinean origins will cause the spread of the disease to Senegal. These fears went unrealized as the Peul migrants embraced many of the epidemic control and prevention measures, which often distanced them from primordial publics in Guinea. While partly motivated by concern over the dangers of Ebola, Peul migrants embraced these measures also because the epidemic and measures advocated to curb it allowed them to assert greater autonomy in their often-fractious relations with primordial publics in their places of origin in Guinea. Their embrace of these measures suggests a rethink of the emphasis on intercommunal strife, intra-communal conviviality and trenchant state-society chasms, which pervades much work on the political economy of postcolonial Africa and which draws significant inspiration from the work of Peter Ekeh.
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Gomez Solano, Cristhian Manuel. "Las Relaciones de conflicto en las comunidades indígenas dela provincia minera de Yauli. Siglos XVIII-XIX." Desde el Sur 16, no. 2 (2024): e0026. http://dx.doi.org/10.21142/des-1602-2024-0026.
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Conflicts involving peasant communities in mining areas are currently recurring in Peru. These have ancient antecedents, as is the case of the province of Yauli, where mining activity has been practiced since the 18th century. The objective of this work is to characterize the conflict relationships, starting with the arrival of mining activity in the area. This paper was carried out through case studies and the review of, mainly, documentation for land disputes, existing in the archives of the peasant communities of the province of Yauli. It is concluded that, in this mining province, during the 18th and 19th centuries, conflict relationships were configured that can be characterized —according to the actors involved and the identities resulting from the social phenomenon— as intra-communal, inter-communal and extra-communal. Likewise, socio-economic and ethnic differentiations, which are not mutually exclusive, have been identified since the 18th century within indigenous communities.
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Kenzhegaliyeva, Z. Zh, А. А. Mussayeva, and L. N. Igaliyeva. "ANALYSIS OF HOUSING AND UTILITIES SECTOR ACTIVITIES IN ENSURING ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN ATYRAU." BULLETIN 3, no. 391 (2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.100.
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The state of the environment is influenced by various spheres of economic activity, including housing and communal services (HCS). The issues of the housing and communal services functioning in Kazakhstan are one of the priority directions in ensuring the environmental safety of the country. The article provides a SWOT analysis of the activities of housing and communal services enterprises in ensuring the environmental safety of Atyrau. The given article has generated information about the enterprises of the housing and communal services of the city of Atyrau, in particular, the activities of enterprises for electricity supply, gas, steam and air conditioning, water supply enterprises, sewage systems, control over the collection and distribution of waste, stationary sources of pollutant emissions and the volume of their emissions. The official statistical information on industry and the environment, published on the website of the Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, has been studied. In particular, the indicators for 2017-2019 have been analyzed in the context of the regions of Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, a sociological survey was conducted among the population of Atyrau to determine the opinion on the impact of the activities of housing and communal services enterprises on the environment. Based on the results of the study, measures have been proposed to improve the environmental situation in the city of Atyrau, as well directions of activities of housing and communal services enterprises in ensuring environmental safety have been determined. The study was carried out within the framework of scientific project «Economic mechanism for the development of housing and communal services in ensuring environmental safety (on the example of Atyrau)» by intra-university funding.
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Jamil, Tahir. "Socio-Religious and Political Activism of Pakistani Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Between Progress and Prejudice." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 13, no. 2 (2024): 1073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00464.
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Pakistan Diaspora in Canada shares Muslim Identity, South Asian outlook and Punjabi dialect; obviously, it turns out to be an effective section of Canadian Community with a prominent position among the political, economic and social circle. However certain cultural marks associated Pakistani community are inhibitive in the long run assimilative process that create an inertness at the inter communal and intra communal level; that inadvertently generate a regressive impact on the progress of Pakistan diaspora. However, the Economic vibrancy on the part of Pakistani community is very crucial in terms of its impact on Pakistan economic condition and the upward mobilization of Pakistani society. There still required a balanced approach for the sake of accruing maximum benefits out of Pakistan expatriate community.
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Tor-Anyiin, S. Apeon. "IMPACT OF COMMUNAL CONFLICT ON THE EARLY CHILDHOODDEVELOPMENT." Sokoto Educational Review 15, no. 1 (2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v15i1.148.
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This paper examined the impact of communal conflict on early childhood (the toddlers and the preschool) development in Nigeria. The position of the p a p e r is that communal conflicts in their various dimensions, inter and intra-religious, socio-political and socio-cultural have actually impacted negatively on the social, psychological and physical development of the early childhood. The author was also convinced from reviewed literature that the mental and physical health of the toddlers and preschools are affected by communal conflicts as the growing child is denied opportunities of acquiring social skills for the socio-political development of the country, Nigeria. Though the toddlers and preschools do not contribute to the executing o f the conflicts the impact fe lt by them as the adolescents and the adults. This paper, therefore, recommends among other things that counsellors and government and non-governmental agencies should never relent in advocating and campaigning for peace among the citizenry in any forum available to them. Group and individual counselling are recommended for children to enable them to forget the atrocities of the hostilities. Perpetrators of violence should never be left to go scot-free because to initiate a communal conflict is the worst crime to a nation and humanity in general.
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OWO, JOHN OBOT ABASIYANGA, ENEFIOK IBOK, and SUNDAY IBANGA. "INTRA - COMMUNAL CONFLICTS AND SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN IKA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA." Global Journal of Finance, Business and Public Administration 1, no. 2 (2024): 17–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10932979.
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<strong>Abstract</strong>The meteoric rise in communal conflict in Nigeria has led to socio-economicdegradation so much that warlords have exploited the situation for arbitrariness,thereby subjugating innocent citizens to underserved brutality. This research, therefore,aims at examining the effects of communal conflicts on socio-economic developmentusing Ika Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, as a case study. To achieve thisobjective, social conflict theory and frustration aggression theory were adopted, tworesearch questions and two corresponding hypotheses were formulated to guide thestudy. The survey research design was adopted, and data were collected using aresearcher-created questionnaire and analysed using the Pearson product momentcorrelation analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that communalconflicts significantly affect socio-economic development in the area of educational andagricultural development in Ika local government area, Akwa Ibom State. The study,therefore, recommended, among others, that the government should establish a policythat will eradicate and/or control communal conflicts in Ika local government area inAkwa Ibom State so as to instill peace in the affected sectors.
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Moreno, Aviad, and Haim Bitton. "The Moroccan “Yizkor Book”: Holocaust Memory, Intra-Jewish Marginalization, and Communal Empowerment in Israel." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 23, no. 2 (2023): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.23.2.2023.08.09.
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The writing of “Yizkor books” (Yizker bikher, רעכיב רוכזי)—memorial books for European Jewish communities that were destroyed in the Holocaust—has developed and expanded as the remnants of these lost communities scattered around the globe in the post-war era. The motives for writing comparable books among non-European Jewish communities—which experienced different circumstances of dispersal but were still influenced by Holocaust memory—and the way these books nourished the intentional creation of immigrant communities, are understudied. This article focuses on the related genre of what we define as community-oriented autobiographical memoirs penned by Moroccan Jews who migrated to Israel in the 1950s. Within these books, we trace patterns of narration and memory construction utilized by Moroccan leaders in an effort to cope with the stereotyping and exclusion of their communities from mainstream culture by the Ashkenazi-European elite in Israel. We explore how these narratives by Moroccan immigrants were, on the one hand, inspired by commonplace Israeli Holocaust memories depicting the traumatic annihilation of Jewish life in Morocco, and, on the other hand, accounts of Moroccan marginality in Israel.
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Zhang, Zheng, and Wanjing Li. "Enacted Agency in a Cross-Border, Online Biliteracy Curriculum Making: Creativity and bilingual digital storytelling." Special Issue - Articles 55, no. 3 (2021): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083422ar.
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This research investigated potentials of bilingual digital story making to engage the creativity of 13 Canadian and Chinese biliteracy learners aged 11–15. Findings in this paper draw on six focal participants and their digital story creation. Informed by asset-oriented multiliteracies, new media literacies, and new materialism, this research adopted a netnography methodology to explore the communal and sociomaterial practices embedded in the intra-actions of human, matter, and virtual spaces of Seesaw and Skype. Drawing on data from six focal students, findings relate how intra-actions among researchers, teachers, students, matters, and spaces shaped participants’ creative acts. This research adds to the knowledge of developing and applying material-informed pedagogies which attend to the enacted agency among teachers, students, materials, and spaces.
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Ikelegbe, Augustine. "The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." African and Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (2006): 23–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920906775768291.
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AbstractEconomies of war underpinned by greed and opportunities have been posited to underlie causality, dynamics and the sustenance of conflicts – particularly Africa's resource wars. This study examines the economy of conflict in the resource conflicts in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It found that a conflict economy comprising an intensive and violent struggle for resource opportunities, inter and intra communal/ethnic conflicts over resources, and the theft and trading in refined and crude oil has blossomed since the 1990s. This paper examines the interfaces between the Nigerian state, multinational oil companies, the international community, and youth militias with the economy. This paper found that though the economy did not cause the conflict, it has become a part of the resistance and a resource for sustaining it. The economy underpins an extensive proliferation of arms and the institutions of violence and the pervasiveness of crime, violence and communal/ethnic conflicts.
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Hakim, Fany Nur Rahmadiana. "Re-understanding Tolerance through Intrareligious Dialogue: the Discourse of Anti-Shi'ism in Indonesia." Ulumuna 25, no. 2 (2021): 350–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v25i2.449.
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Religious diversity in a country is prone to tensions between groups, especially if there is a very wide disparity between the minority and the majority. Domination by the majority over the minority may lead into discrimination and intolerance. This paper describes how the Islamic discourses of the Muslim majority in Indonesia, represented by Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah as the largest Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia, perceive the Shia community. This paper utilizes the concept of communal tolerance developed by Jeremy Menchik to analyze how intolerance is still inherent in amongst the majority groups. Through a descriptive method, this paper refers to many relevant literature reviewed with an intra-religious dialogue approach. Considering the importance of intra-Muslim dialogue as part of attempts to redefine tolerance, discriminatory actions should be no longer experienced by minority groups.
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Hayes, Loren D., Loreto A. Correa, Sebastian Abades, Cuilan L. Gao, and Luis A. Ebensperger. "Male group members are costly to plurally breeding Octodon degus females." Behaviour 156, no. 1 (2019): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003525.
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Abstract We report the results of a 6-year study of social (number of adult males/females, relatedness of females, communal litter size) and ecological (mean/CV of food abundance, soil hardness, burrow openings) factors influencing the direct fitness of plurally breeding degu (Octodon degus) females. The best fit models for per capita offspring weaned and standardized variance in direct fitness (within-group variation) included the number of adult males per group. Per capita number of offspring weaned decreased and standardized variance in direct fitness increased with increasing number of adult males per group. Thus, females experience a cost associated with males that is not shared equally. Standardize variance in direct fitness decreased with increasing communal litter size. All other factors were not significant predictors of direct fitness variation. Our study suggests that plural breeding may not be as egalitarian as previously thought. Consequences of plural breeding may be influenced by intra- and inter-sexual conflict.
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Rosenberg, Hananel, Menahem Blondheim, and Elihu Katz. "It’s the text, stupid! Mobile phones, religious communities, and the silent threat of text messages." New Media & Society 21, no. 11-12 (2019): 2325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819846054.
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This study explores the Jewish ultra-Orthodox “kosher cellphone,” a device that can be used only for voice calls. It asks why the leadership of this highly textual community didn’t stop at blocking Internet use over the kosher cellphone and went on to block texting messages as well. Using both interviews with ultra-Orthodox anti-cellphone-activists and content analysis of online discussions among community members, the study analyzes the perception of threat that underlies the prohibition of texting, and explores how this prohibition is received in the community. The findings show that in contrast to the threat posed by improper content, which affects the external boundaries of this enclave community, blocking texting stems from a perception that the technology’s configuration threatens intra-communal monitoring and the control of the dissemination of information within the communal space. Our findings add a number of dimensions to the current understanding of the nexus of new media, social control, and isolated religious communities.
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Secerov, Velimir, Bogdan Lukic, and Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Village renewal in spatial plans of the community: Example of the SP of Subotica community." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 87, no. 2 (2007): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0702133s.
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Spatial plans of communities, returned to legal framework in 2003 and imposed as obligation for all local communities in Serbia, present a strategic document for development, organization and protection of the whole territory of the community. The base for integral observation and treatment of the urban and rural settlements, within the local administrative area, has been set thereby. The current function of villages has been significantly changed regarding traditional organization and the essential role, that they used to have in the past. First of all, it is a consequence of an intensive deagrarization and industrialization/ urbanization, as a result of official (state) strategy in the middle of the 20. century. As a rule, these processes were painful for villages, leaving them depopulized, with varied age structure of the population and with new relation to agriculture, which led to economic stagnation, social fallow and unclear development perspectives as a consequence. The reconstruction of these areas is, therefore, of enormous interest for development of the whole territory of a community, as well as even intra-communal and broader, intra-regional and intra-national development.
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Tayob, Shaheed. "Trading Halal: Halal Certification and Intra-Muslim Trade in South Africa." Sociology of Islam 8, no. 3-4 (2020): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-08030003.
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Abstract Halal certification introduces a new discursive and material basis for the regulation of Muslim consumption in a world of global trade and complex food technology. Through chemical tests and state of the art supply chain management the halal certification industry aims to replace the necessity of intra-Muslim trade for the practice of halal. This paper presents the approach of two competing halal certification organizations in South Africa in interaction with Muslim businesses. It argues that the aim of the halal certification industry to standardize, trace and trade in halal is limited by the communal practice of halal that emphasizes intra-Muslim trade and exchange. Halal certification is an incomplete recalibration of halal. Attention to Muslim business practices illuminates the limitation of audit cultures to the practice of halal, offering a view of the complexity of halal in practice.
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Caspersen, Nina. "The creation of new states through interim agreements: Ambiguous compromises, intra-communal divisions, and contested identities." International Political Science Review 41, no. 5 (2019): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119871322.
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For some separatist movements, interim agreements offer a possible route to recognized statehood. However, such agreements require these movements to compromise on their demand for immediate independence and risk the preservation of the joint state. How is this reconciled with their claim to self-determination and how is it received by the community they claim to represent? This article examines four post-Cold War cases where an interim agreement has been accepted (New Caledonia, Bougainville, Montenegro and South Sudan). It finds that interim agreements are more easily accepted when the community is significantly divided on the issue of independence and when an inclusive and flexible construction of the community predominates. Somewhat paradoxically, this suggests that new states are more likely to emerge in cases without a determined, cohesive, ethnically defined demand for independence.
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Contreras, Isaac Angeles. "Volver a tu tierra: dispositivo pedagógico intra y entrecultural en la formación docente inicial en Oaxaca, México." REVISTA CONTROVERSIA, no. 209 (December 5, 2017): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.54118/controver.vi209.1096.
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La formación docente inicial es un espacio de configuración de sujetos pedagógicos, cuya tarea será participar en el proceso de configuración de los sujetos de la sociedad del futuro; ante ese escenario y considerando al docente como sujeto productor de imaginarios y realidades sociales, se requiere de dispositivos y procesos pedagógicos y didácticos que problematicen su trayecto configurativo desde una lógica intra-entrecultural, que a la postre le permita repensarse como sujeto cultural situado/a en espacio-tiempo. Es ahí donde el dispositivo pedagógico-didáctico denominado “Volver a tu tierra”, representa un reto y una oportunidad para los docentes formadores y docentes en formación, para afianzar su sentido de pertenencia geobiocultural, que valore sus prácticas sociales, así como el fortalecimiento de su identidad profesional: esta propuesta no está ajena a las críticas, conflictos y desafíos; sin embargo, representa una opción formativa que permite desplegar las potencias humanas de quienes pretenden detonar procesos de humanización en este jardín de la diversidad geobiocultural.Palabras clave: dispositivo pedagógico, intracultural, entrecultural, educación, educación comunal y diversidad cultural. ABSTRACTGoing back to your land, intra-amidstcultural pedagogical device in the initial education of teachers in Oaxaca, MexicoThe pedagogical device (mechanism) “Volver a tu tierra” (Coming back to your homeland) is a didactic-pedagogical proposal for the Initial Teachers Training, based upon an intra-entrecultural perspective in order to promote a contextual education in a multi-cultural entity with communal and communitarian life practices in the presence of a homogenization education policy and cultural hegemonization; teachers, as pedagogical and cultural beings, are responsible for generating cultural re-significance, re-assesment and re-acknowledgement processes in order to generate pedagogical and didactic processes which revitalize them, in a such way that they can reinforce the sense of belonging of the students, starting from their matrio and nosotrico context as a bio-cultural space and from other cultural matrix; on the basis of the COMUNALIDAD approach as a millenary life practice, teachers can change the cultural subordination in which indigenous peoples have been submitted.Keywords: pedagogical device (mechanism), intra-entrecultural, education, communal education, communitarian, cultural diversity.
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Michael, Usman O. A., and Habila Iranyang Jeremiah. "Escalating or De-Escalating Tool? The Media in the Herder-Farmers’ Conflict in Nigeria." Journal of Media,Culture and Communication, no. 45 (September 25, 2024): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jmcc.45.48.59.
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Since the launch of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic in 1999 and its evolving national dynamics, a new phase of intra-state conflicts and insurgencies sprang up in varying degrees, putting the nation on the brink of collapse. The most recent and recurring communal violent conflicts are the unending clashes between the herdsmen, popularly known as Fulani and pastoral Farmers. As the conflict remains unresolved, there continues to be a deep-seated mutual enmity that has always led to blatant reprisal attacks in wanton killings and displacement on both parties. Despite the various efforts to resolve the conflict, it continues to intensify. This study, however, examines the escalating dynamics of the age-long inter-communal conflict and how much the media has impacted the escalating and de-escalating status of the conflict. The authors argue that the conflict resolution approaches have so far undermined and overlooked media power in de-escalating the conflict and thus recommend a pragmatic media engagement in terms of employing carefully prepared programmes and campaigns as and alternative resolution mechanism.
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Ridwan and Husnul Khotimah. "Examining Islamism, Peacebuilding, and Interfaith Dialogue in Papua, Indonesia." Societas Dei: Jurnal Agama dan Masyarakat 11, no. 1 (2024): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33550/sd.v11i1.397.
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This article describes and analyses a complex relationship between Islamisation, peacebuilding, and interfaith dialogue in Papua. Before the presence of transnational Islam, the relationship between Muslims and Christians was in harmony, and they lived peacefully. However, such radical transnational Islamic groups have created tensions and conflict between these two religions as well as intra-religious frictions among Islamic groups. Furthermore, tensions among different religions have provided another nuance to the long-running separatism-flavoured conflict in Papua. This paper will describe the presence of transnational groups that promote Islamism and how the religious leaders in Papua, through Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama or FKUB [the Religious Forum for Tolerance], reduce religious conflicts by making Deklarasi Papua Tanah Damai [Papua Land of Peace Declaration]. Furthermore, it explicates the framework of interfaith dialogue and how it is practised to maintain communal harmony in Papua. However, the interfaith dialogue is still used traditionally in Papua and has yet to resolve the root cause of the existing religious conflicts. Keywords: Islamisation, Communal Conflict, Transnational Islam, Peacebuilding, Interfaith Dialogue
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Zhang, Zheng, and Wanjing Li. "Biliteracy Learners’ Enacted Agency in Digital Storytelling: Creativity in a Cross-Border, Online, Emergent, Biliteracy Curriculum." Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies 18, no. 1 (2020): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-4467.40570.
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This research investigated potentials of bilingual digital story-making for engaging creativity in Canadian biliteracy learners (i.e., learners in Canada who speak their heritage language of Mandarin but are more fluent in English) and Chinese biliteracy learners (i.e., learners in China who are fluent in Mandarin and learning English as a foreign language). Informed by asset-oriented multiliteracies, new media literacies and new materialism, this research adopted an ethnography methodology to explore the communal and socio-material practices embedded in the intra-actions of human, matter and virtual spaces of Seesaw and Skype. Drawing on various data about six focal students, findings show how the intra-actions among researchers, teachers, students, materials and spaces shaped the participants’ creative acts. This research adds to the literature about developing and applying pedagogies that attend to the enacted agency among teachers, students, materials and spaces in processes of creative meaning making.
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Meek, Roger, and Luca Luiselli. "Prime Basking Sites and Communal Basking in the Lizard, Lacerta bilineata; High Risk for Juveniles?" Diversity 16, no. 12 (2024): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16120728.
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Sunlight and the heat it provides are important ecological resources for reptiles especially for those species living in temperate zones that bask extensively to maximize heat uptake. Sun basking has both benefits and costs for reptiles, giving heat that provides the energy to drive physiology but basking in open patches increases risk of predation due to higher visibility. Prime basking sites are believed to increase benefits for reptiles that include, in addition to open sunlit areas, facilitate detection of predators and prey and escape to nearby refuges. However, if such sites are limited, both inter and intra-specific interference may occur and this kind of competition may impact on a reptile’s ability to access prime basking sites, and as a consequence, its capacity to thermoregulate to optimum body temperatures. This may be especially important for juveniles, for whom rapid growth is a key factor in survivorship. We studied communal basking and interaction events at prime basking sites in the European green lizard, Lacerta bilineata, in a hedgerow in western France. We compared basking behaviour of adults and juveniles with sympatric adult wall lizards Podarcis muralis using non-invasive photographic-mark-recapture. Adult L. bilineata were more evenly distributed across basking sights compared to juveniles but significant differences were only detected between males and juveniles. Juvenile L. bilineata abandoned basking sites at the approach of both adult males and females and were aggressively removed by adult male L. bilineata. We found inter-specific communal basking between both adult and juvenile L. bilineata with adult wall lizards P. muralis. Communal basking was observed between male and female L. bilineata but not between adult males or between adult female L. bilineata. Communal basking was in proportionally greater frequency in juveniles compared to adult L. bilineata.
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Budig, Hanna. "<i>Comunitat lingüística</i> i <i>conflicte lingüístic</i>: revisió d'uns termes sociolingüístics respecte al discurs valencià." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 28 (July 1, 2015): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2015.5-17.
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Summary: The present contribution deals with the phenomenon of linguistic secessionism in the Comunitat Valenciana and therefore with intra-communal conflicts over language and identity. In view of the fact that competition among views on historical, cultural and linguistic Catalan identity is still fierce, the sociolinguistic concepts of linguistic community and linguistic conflict will be reviewed critically and confronted from the perspective of discourse theory. The terms won from this perspective – discourse community and identity discourse – suggest an approach which takes account of the social, cognitive and linguistic aspects of the conflict. [Keywords: València; linguistic community; linguistic conflict; discourse community; identity discourse]
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Okorji, Utchay Augustine, and Modupe Moronke Omirin. "Risk Profile of Customary and Statutory Property Rights: Implication for Real Estate Development in Port Harcourt." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 7, no. 1 (2018): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024918808123.
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Real estate developments are characterised with risk and uncertainty. The more knowledge of the environment, unique characteristics and experience of a location, the easier it is to manage risk and reduce the possibility of unpleasant situations occurring. This article considers the risk profile of customary and statutory property rights in order to inform developers, investors and stakeholders on issues that need to be understood while dealing with such property rights in Port Harcourt. Litigations arising from intra-family and intra-communal disputes over boundaries are the main challenges to the security of customary property rights. On the other hand, the fallout of weak governance and conflicts between customary and statutory property rights constitute the major challenges to the security of statutory property rights. This article concludes by highlighting steps that could be taken to make Port Harcourt more investor friendly to the betterment of the real estate sector and the general economy.
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Pashtova, Madina. "К специфике традиционной внутриобщинной коммуникации: черкесы Турции [On Characteristics of Traditional Intra-Communal Communication: Circassians of Turkey]". Journal of Caucasian Studies 4, № 7-8 (2019): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21488/jocas.560299.
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Mkutu, Kennedy. "Disarmament in Karamoja, Northern Uganda: Is This a Solution for Localised Violent Inter and Intra-Communal Conflict?" Round Table 97, no. 394 (2008): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358530701844718.
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Hustwit, J. R. "Four Ways to Another Religion’s Ultimate." Open Theology 4, no. 1 (2018): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2018-0038.
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Abstract The prospect of recognizing the ultimate is a matter of interpretation. As such, hermeneutics is used as a framework for describing the interactions of self, language, and the other (whether culturally other or ultimately other). Questioning whether religious ultimacy can be recognized across religious boundaries is based on a mistaken assumption that differences between religions are qualitatively different than differences within a religion. Hermeneutically speaking, intra-communal difference and inter-communal difference are of the same kind. If humans can negotiate the former, they can negotiate the latter. Recognizing ultimacy is an intersubjective act of phronēsis, or practical wisdom. As such, it cannot be explained in any detail apart from the concrete particulars of each encounter. Below is an account of recognizing the Ultimate, analyzed into four explanatory ways: its immediate quality (uncanniness), its vehicle (the classic), its cultural-linguistic mechanism (metaphorical appropriation), and its ontological implications (a signifying cosmos). Each way offers a different type of explanation as to how a person can recognize another religion’s ultimate. I begin with the most concrete: spontaneous feeling, and work my way to more speculative implications.
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Igbudu, Timothy, Jonathan Abawua, S. Terwase, and Tracy Kile. "EFFECTS OF INTRA-COMMUNAL CONFLICT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETULO PEOPLE IN BURUKU LGA OF BENUE STATE, NIGERIA." PLASU JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 1, no. 1 (2025): 220–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14986348.
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Ломоносов, М. Ю. "On the Roads from Intra-Ethnic Polyphony to Ethno-National “Symphony”: The Kosovo Myth and Serbian Historians in the 1980s and 1990s." Диалог со временем, no. 76(76) (August 17, 2021): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.76.76.003.
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Этно-исторические мифы признаны одним из важнейших факторов формирования национальной памяти, конструирования идентичности и разжигания межэтнических конфликтов. При этом исследователи часто сосредотачиваются на межгрупповом противостоянии мифотворцев-интеллектуалов и войнах памяти. Такой подход нивелирует внутриэтническое многоголосие и создает представление о национальной памяти как едином целом. Развитие косовского мифа в среде сербских историков партийно-югославистского, национально-патриотического и скептического течений 1980–1990-х гг. иллюстрирует процессы формирования внутрицехового разноречия. Оно также помогает понять, как внутриэтническое разноголосие эволюционирует в этнонациональное единогласие при встрече с Другим. The scholars of nationalism and memory see ethno-historical myths as important factors in forging national memory, constructing cultural identity, and fueling ethnic conflicts. However, the literature tends to focus on the inter-communal competition between intellectuals, memory wars, and the incompatibility of ethnic claims. This approach neglects intra-ethnic polyphony, thus, contributing to the tendency of seeing “national memory” as a single whole. The case of the famous Kosovo myth in the ranks of Serbian intellectuals of the 1980s–1990s, who belonged to the party-Yugoslavist, Serbian ethno-nationalist and skeptical currents of historical thought, illustrates how intra-ethnic mythopoeic polyphony develops. It also helps to understand how the intra-ethnic polyphony evolves into an ethno-national “symphony” in face of the Other.
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Alowais, Abdelaziz Abdalla, and Abubakr Suliman. "When Help Hurts: Moral Disengagement and the Myth of the Supportive Migrant Network." Social Sciences 14, no. 6 (2025): 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14060386.
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This study aimed to uncover how harm is normalised in migrant communities using rationalisations, power imbalances, and emotional distancing. This research counters the dominant discourse that migrant communities are cohesive, altruistic, and protective by critically analysing the psychological and moral mechanisms of intra-community harm. Migration scholarship has long extolled the contribution of migrant networks to settlement, employment, and integration. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, data were gathered using participant observation and semi-structured interviews with twelve purposively sampled migrants. The aim of applying a primary qualitative study was to capture a detailed, first-hand understanding of participants’ lived experiences and social relations. It permitted the in-depth examination of how people rationalise and navigate intra-community harm in the actual contexts of their lives. Thematic analysis yielded four significant findings: one, injustices in the community are frequently met with silence and inaction due to fear and moral disengagement; two, assistance is extraordinarily situational and gendered, often falling disproportionately on women or being mediated by institutions; three, internal exploitation—like rent gouging and manipulation of aid—is justified through community narratives; and four, people increasingly feel isolation, emotional burnout, and only symbolic unity at communal events. The research suggests that, although migrant networks can offer critical resources, they are not invulnerable to internal hierarchies and moral collapses. To create effectively inclusive and nurturing settings, future interventions must account for more than mere structural barriers, intra-group processes, and psychological rationalisations allowing intra-community injury.
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BIELKA, K. Y., G. A. FOMINA, O. V. GONCHARENKO, et al. "THE PIPERACILLIN/TAZOBACTAM ROLE IN THE TREATMENT OF COMPLICATED INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS (CIAI) IN UKRAINIAN HOSPITALS: 40 CLINICAL CASES SERIES ANALYSIS." PAIN, ANAESTHESIA & INTENSIVE CARE, no. 1(106) (February 28, 2024): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25284/2519-2078.1(106).2024.300687.
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Resume. Antibiotic therapy is one of the key components of complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) treatment. The challenge of effective treatment of cIAI is early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antibacterial therapy, and fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis. According to WHO recommendations, piperacillin / tazobactam is the first-line antibiotic for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections, although it used quite rare as the first-choice agent in Ukraine. Materials and methods: Analysis was conducted in the period from December 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023. The research centers were 4 health care facilities: Communal non-commercial enterprise “Kyiv City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care”, Emergency medical care hospital of Vinnytsia, Communal noncommercial enterprise “Odesa Regional Clinical Hospital of the Odesa Regional Council”, Communal non-commercial enterprise ”Kyiv City Clinical Hospital №4”. After inclusion in the research, patients were prescribed empiric therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (Refex) and patient data were entered into a form. The results of drug therapy were recorded before the start of therapy (day 0), on the 3-rd day after the start of therapy and on the 6th day after the start of therapy. Results: 40 patients were included in the research. The most common pathogens cultured from patients’ wounds were: 24 cases (60 %) from the "ESKAPE" group: E. Coli 9 cases (22.5 %), S. Aureus 1 case (2.5 %), St. Haemolyticus accounted for 3 cases (7.5 %), Kl. Pneumonia 4 cases (10 %), Acinetobacter spp. 1 case (2.5 %) of Ps. Aeruginosa 3 cases (7.5%), Enterobacter 1 case (2.5 %), Enterobacter cloaceae accounted for 2 cases (5 %). Other pathogens were cultured in 16 cases. Pathogens sensitivity was as follows: 2 cases (5 %) were sensitive to amoxicillin clavunate, 3 cases (7.5 %) were sensitive to ampicillin and cefepime, 4 cases (10% of pathogens) were sensitive to ceftriaxone, 12.5 % of pathogens were sensitive to imipenem and clindamycin (5 cases each), 7 cases were sensitive to amikacin (17.5 %). 47.5 % of flora (19 cases) were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam. Pan-resistant strains that were not sensitive to any of the studied drugs accounted for 37.5 % (15 cases). Conclusions: Therapy with piperacillin / tazobactam (Refex) in all analyzed clinical cases was evaluated by doctors as effective and safe. All patients survived and were discharged from the hospital, none of them developed sepsis or acute kidney injury. Among the analyzed cases, the sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam was the highest.
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Madikiza, Zimkitha J. K., and Emmanuel Do Linh San. "Patterns of nest box sharing in woodland dormice (Graphiurus murinus): Evidence for intra-sexual tolerance and communal nesting." Behavioural Processes 177 (August 2020): 104141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104141.
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Doumbia, Madina, Adjon A. Kouassi, Siélé Silué, et al. "Road Traffic Emission Inventory in an Urban Zone of West Africa: Case of Yopougon City (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041111.
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Road traffic emission inventories based on bottom-up methodology, are calculated for each road segment from fuel consumption and traffic volume data obtained during field measurements in Yopougon. High emissions of black carbon (BC) from vehicles are observed at major road intersections, in areas surrounding industrial zones and on highways. Highest emission values from road traffic are observed for carbon monoxide (CO) (14.8 t/d) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (7.9 t/d), usually considered as the major traffic pollution tracers. Furthermore, peak values of CO emissions due to personal cars (PCs) are mainly linked to the old age of the vehicle fleet with high emission factors. The highest emitting type of vehicle for BC on the highway is PC (70.2%), followed by inter-communal taxis (TAs) (13.1%), heavy vehicles (HVs) (9.8%), minibuses (GBs) (6.4%) and intra-communal taxis (WRs) (0.4%). While for organic carbon (OC) emissions on the main roads, PCs represent 46.7%, followed by 20.3% for WRs, 14.9% for TAs, 11.4% for GB and 6.7% for HVs. This work provides new key information on local pollutant emissions and may be useful to guide mitigation strategies such as modernizing the vehicle fleet and reorganizing public transportation, to reduce emissions and improve public health.
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Malik, Afia. "Rita Manchanda (ed.). Women, War and Peace in South Asia: Beyond Victimhood to Agency. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2001. 304 pages. Paperback. Indian Rs 295.00." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 1 (2001): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i1pp.75-78.
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In the past few decades, South Asia has experienced a number of intra-state (caste, class, communal, ethnic or nationality-based) conflicts. Civil society has lost its existence as a consequence of the panic created by the security forces and armed groups (two major parties involved in the conflict). The worst victim in these riots are women, who have been affected both directly and indirectly. However, in these instances, women, instead of moving only in their private sphere with their traditional role as a victim (on humanitarian grounds), have surfaced with a new responsibility in the public sphere, which used to be the preserve of the male. There was no choice left for them except to take up arms to protect themselves and their families.
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Hnatyshyn, Yu A., L. M. Sas, O. P. Ilkiv, and L. Y. Petryshyn. "CURRENT ISSUES OF MEDIATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF SETTLEMENT OF CONFLICTS." Медична освіта, no. 2 (July 31, 2024): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/m.2414-5998.2024.2.14806.
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The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of mediation as an alternative solution for conflict situations and provision for the participants of the relationship cooperation in solving of the existing problem and the joint search for solutions that would take into account the interests and wishes of the conflicting parties. The essence of mediation has been clarified in a sense of peaceful coexistence, to which the direction should be sought in informal interpersonal relations; and mediation as a kind of system-forming reference point in ordering connections for balancing various social interests with the help of reconciliation procedures and as a way of maintaining intra-communal peace and means of civilized constructive development and multiplication of material and spiritual values.
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Ramírez Sánchez, Martha Areli. "Génesis de la violencia en los albores del siglo XXI: cambio en los gobiernos indígenas ante la modernización del sistema de partido en el mundo maya." Revista Ciencias y Humanidades 9, no. 9 (2024): 187–209. https://doi.org/10.61497/1csj2e28.
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In The Power of Violence, Philippe Bourgois presented a comprehensive typology of existing forms of violence: collective, individual, and structural. Nowadays, it is evident that many multicultural Latin American regions can exhibit all these forms simultaneously. This paper focuses on the Mexican southeast, analyzing a type of violence exerted by the State through its party system in indigenous communities. Specifically, it explores the impact of the transformation of the party system on the already fragile balance of Mayan communities in Chiapas. Using an ethnographic approach, the study illustrates how political parties co-opted young indigenous leaders, triggering a wave of intra-community violence. These actions have caused irreparable fractures in the social fabric and traditional governance systems in communities where political life is inseparable from communal life.
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Apanapudor, Joshua S., Sylvester O. Okpako, Newton O. Okposo, and Friday Z. Okwonu. "A RISK-LEVEL ANALYSIS OF INTRA-COMMUNAL VIOLENCE A CASE STUDY OF UVWIE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, DELTA STATE NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 2 (2024): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0802-2345.
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Intra-communal violence perpetrates across various families and factions in a community and this is strongly supported by the undeniable solidarity felt and exhibited by the violent parties for their respective groups. In this research work, we made some assumptions regarding the violence risk level of the human community. Basic mathematical analyses such as the violence-free and the violent-persistent equilibrium points and the basic reproduction number were examined. As a case study, an analysis of the violence risk level of Uvwie local government, Delta State, Nigeria, was carried out, and the data collected via questionnaires revealed that the community is at high risk level of violence, and so violence will occur in most cases. The violence risk level and the peace level perceptions of various categories of the residents of the community were clearly presented and analyzed. The computational software used in this research was the Version 12 Mathematica Programming Software.
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Wijeweera, W. P. S. N., G. H. V. S. De Silva, O. C. Edirisinghe, and N. J. De S. Amarasinghe. "Roosting Behavior of Waterbirds at Ruhuna University Premises in Sri Lanka." Journal of the University of Ruhuna 11, no. 1 (2023): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v11i1.7985.
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Communal roosting is a habit of many waterbirds. Although it is a common behavioural pattern, only a few documentary records are available in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the roosting behaviour of waterbirds at Ruhuna University Premises, Sri Lanka. The study was conducted from November 2020 to February 2021 covering 20 field visits. During field visits, the abundance of waterbirds, their arrival time, intra-species, and inter-species interactions were observed. The responses of roosting waterbirds to human disturbances and occasional visitors to roosting sites were also recorded. The waterbirds roosted on a single Sonneratia caseolaris tree, located at the waterbody closer to the bank. Eleven species of waterbirds were identified, and the Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) were prominent (93%). The diversity and species abundance gradually increased during the study period. The highest species richness (11) and diversity (H- 0.8832) were recorded in February. The roosting behavior of birds has been altered by human disturbances. The waterbirds co-existed on the roosting site with inter- and intra-species associations while maintaining hierarchical levels (different height levels of the tree). Sixteen species of occasional visitors were recorded, and they left the site with the arrival of regular waterbirds.
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Pashazade, Ahsan. "The Death of Me: Friendship, Fragmented Selfhood, and the Illusion of Morality in Sula." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (2025): 262–70. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.103.42.
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This paper examines Toni Morrison’s Sula through the lens of fractured subjectivity, intra-racial patriarchy, and the ideological interpellation of black womanhood. Focusing on the relationship between Sula Peace and Nel Wright, the essay argues that Nel’s failure to mourn and her emotional paralysis are rooted not in Sula’s betrayal, but in Nel’s own disavowal of self—what the narrative symbolically frames as her refusal to confront the “gray ball” of suppressed identity. Drawing on theories of melancholia, subaltern speech, and intra-communal sexism, the paper explores how Morrison dismantles binary moral structures and exposes the cultural scripting of black women into roles of silent caretakers. Nel’s internalization of her mother Helene’s performance of middle-class respectability, her submission to Jude’s masculinist needs, and her loss of “me-ness” illustrate the psychological cost of moral conformity. In contrast, Sula’s experimental life—though socially condemned—represents a radical, if flawed, attempt at self-definition. The paper contends that Morrison constructs female friendship not only as an emotional refuge but as a potential site for identity formation and ideological resistance. Ultimately, Sula reveals that healing and autonomy for black women require more than personal virtue—they demand a confrontation with cultural myths, internalized shame, and the collective silence imposed by history, community, and self.
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Hughes, Geoffrey, Megnaa Mehtta, Chiara Bresciani, and Stuart Strange. "Introduction." Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 37, no. 2 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370202.
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Ugly emotions like envy and greed tend to emerge ethnographically through accusations (as opposed to self-attribution), de-centring the individual psyche and drawing attention to how emotions are deployed in broader projects of moral policing. Tracking the moral, social dimension of emotions through accusations helps to account concretely for the political, economic and ideological factors that shape people’s ethical worldviews – their defences, judgements and anxieties. Developing an anthropological understanding of these politics of accusation leads us to connect classical anthropological themes of witchcraft, scapegoating, and inter- and intra-communal conflict with ethnographic interventions into contemporary debates around speculative bubbles, inequality, migration, climate change and gender. We argue that a focus on the politics of accusation that surrounds envy and greed has the potential to allow for a more analytically subtle and grounded understanding of both ethics and emotions.
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De Leeuw, Marc. "Paul Ricœur’s Search for a Just Community. The Phenomenological Presupposition of a Life “with and for others”." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 8, no. 2 (2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2017.416.
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The aim of this article is to examine how Ricœur’s critique of Husserl’s and Levinas’s notions of intersubjectivity informs his own alternative conceptualization of the intra- and interpersonal as a complex intertwining of moral selfhood and a just community. My first assumption is that law, as a prescriptive intervention in the social structure of our communal life, presupposes a phenomenology of our “being with others”. My second assumption is that Ricœur’s entire philosophical anthropology, and specifically his ideas on ethics, legality and justice, can be read as a prolonged response to Husserl’s solipsistic deadlock in the famous Fifth Cartesian Meditation. Taken together these two assumptions connect Ricœur’s early analysis of phenomenology with his complex reconceptualization of moral selfhood in Oneself as Another, culminating in the ethical maxim of “a good life with and for others in just institutions.”
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Tikoo, Minakshi. "The 1989–90 Migration of Kashmiri Pandits: Focus on Children." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (1994): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.259.
Full textAbstract:
Analysis of personal interviews from a sample of 42 Kashmiri Pandit families living in large community halls indicated the migration affected the intra- and interfamily interactions. In trying to keep their ethnic identity, they also had to adapt to their new environment. For the Kashmiri Pandits the sense of being uprooted was felt very strongly as there was a complete change in ecology and loss of status, property, and prestige. The community had taken over the role of socialization. The younger children (4–11 years) expressed enjoyment of communal living more than the older group (12–18 years). Children reported being closer to their mothers. Incidence of child abuse was reported as higher since migration. Girls disliked camp living more than boys. Most of the children were performing above average at school. Children preferred to speak in their native language at home.