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Koloshein, N. A., M. G. Ryabkov, M. N. Egorikhina, L. B. Timofeeva, P. V. Peretyagin, and I. Yu Arefev. "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Methods for Obtaining and Application the Stromal-Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue in an Experimental Model of a Donor Wound in Burns." Ural Medical Journal 23, no. 1 (March 6, 2024): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52420/2071-5943-2024-23-1-24-36.
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Introduction. The optimal method of obtaining and application a stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue in the treatment of donor wounds in burned patients has not been determined.Objective — to compare the effectiveness of the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue in the treatment of donor wounds, depending on the method of obtaining (mechanical and enzymatic) and the injection (subdermal, intradermal) into the tissue.Material and methods. Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into 2 investigated groups: in the first group (eSVF) enzymatic processing of adipose tissue (n = 10) was used, in the second group (mSVF) mechanical processing was used (n = 10). Another 10 rats were used as adipose tissue donors’ group. A deep burn was created in all animals, and after 4 days two more donor wounds were created by taking a split thickness skin autograft: the stromal-vascular fraction was injected intradermally into one of the wounds, subdermally into the other. After 14 days, the area of epithelialization, the microcirculation index and the histological microstructure of the skin were evaluated.Results. The proportion of completely epithelized donor wounds in the eSVF-group was 85 %, in the mSVF-group — 55 % (p < 0.05). The index of microcirculation significantly decreased after intradermal injections in the eSVF-group (p < 0.01), and after subdermal injections — in the mSVF-group (p < 0.05). According to histomorphometry, with intradermal injections of eSVF, the thickness of the epidermis and the layer of granulation tissue is less than in the mSVF group (p < 0.01). At the same time, the relative density of collagen fibers in the granulation tissue was significantly higher after the injections of eSVF than after mSVF (p < 0.01). Comparison of injections of the stromal-vascular fraction showed: no significant differences were found when using eSVF; when using mSVF, the subdermal injections are preferable, since it was accompanied by a significantly lower thickness of granulation tissue (p < 0.01).Conclusions. The enzymatically obtained stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue has advantages over the mechanically obtained one: the efficiency of eSVF is equally high when used with intradermally and subdermally injections, which are confirmed by the structure and blood circulation in the newly formed skin. When using mSVF, intradermal injections are the least effective, and subdermal injections are accompanied by a moderately pronounced positive dynamic in the microstructure of the skin of donor wounds.
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Hsu, Chao Chin, Isabel Hsu, Hui Hua Chang, Rosie Hsu, and Sonam Dorjee. "Extended Injection Intervals of Gonadotropins by Intradermal Administration in IVF Treatment." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 107, no. 2 (October 3, 2021): e716-e733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab709.
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Abstract Context Gonadotropins can be administered every 5 days under intradermal injection in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Objective To explore the effectiveness of intradermal injection of recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) for women undergoing IVF. Methods Women who received their first IVF treatment enrolled in this prospective intervention in 2018. All women received a bolus of 900 IU rhFSH intradermally at day 2 of the treatment cycle followed by additional dosage of rhFSH at day 7 and/or day 10. The main outcome measures included the total dose of rhFSH and number of injections required, sequential serum FSH level detected, and number of mature oocytes retrieved. Results Seventy women completed the study. On average, 2.31 ± 0.73 injections and 1662 ± 397 IU of rhFSH were administered. While the baseline FSH level was 5.6 ± 2.2 IU/L, the serum concentrations of FSH after rhFSH administration were 35.3 ± 7.0 on the first day (24 hours) and 10.7 ± 3.7 IU/L on the fifth day (120 hours). A total of 10.5 ± 6.6 mature oocytes were retrieved, resulting in 7.3 ± 5.1 pronuclear embryos; 1.8 ± 0.6 embryos were transferred to the uterus. Our findings resulted in 72% fertilization, 91% cleavage, 31% implantation, and 36% live birth rates. Although fewer larger follicles were found, noninferiority results were noted in the mature oocytes retrieved, good embryos available, and clinical pregnancy rate compared with those received conventional daily subcutaneous rhFSH administration. Conclusion Intradermal administration of rhFSH, with a smaller dose of rhFSH and fewer injections, may achieve the goal of a cost-effective and more patient-friendly regimen.
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Molinari, J. F., W. R. Moore, J. Clark, R. Tanaka, J. H. Butterfield, and W. M. Abraham. "Role of tryptase in immediate cutaneous responses in allergic sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 1966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.6.1966.
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In this study, we used a specific tryptase inhibitor, APC-366 [N-(1-hydroxy-2-napthoyl)-L-arginyl-L- prolinamide hydrochloride] to investigate the effect of intradermally administered tryptase and tryptase released by antigen challenge on the immediate cutaneous reaction (ICR) in allergic sheep. The surface areas of cutaneous wheals produced by intradermal injections (0.05 ml) of 1 and 10 ng tryptase alone, tryptase combined with 3 U heparin (tryptase-heparin), or Ascaris suum antigen (10(-5) dilution) with or without pretreatment with APC-366 (1 mg/ml) were measured at 20 and 60 min after challenge. Intradermal injections of 1 and 10 ng tryptase alone (n = 7) produced an ICR of < or = 20% of that obtained after injection of histamine (5% wt/vol). Intradermal injection of tryptase-heparin (n = 7), however, resulted in 50 (1 ng) and 82% (10 ng) of the ICR to histamine (both, P < 0.05 vs. tryptase alone). APC-366 inhibited (P < 0.05) the ICR to 1 and 10 ng tryptase-heparin by > or = 70% at all times (n = 8) but had no effect on the histamine-induced ICR (n = 3). A combination of the histamine H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine (2 mg/kg iv) and the H2 antagonist metiamide (3 mg/kg iv) given 40 min before challenge (n = 8) inhibited the response to 1 and 10 ng tryptase-heparin by 42 and 62% at 20 min and by 96 and 86% at 60 min, respectively (all, P < 0.05). APC-366 also blocked the ICR to A. suum antigen by 68% (P < 0.05) in nine sheep. These results indicate that intradermal injection of tryptase-heparin can induce an ICR. This ICR can be inhibited by APC-366 or a combination of the histamine H1 and H2 antagonists, suggesting that the tryptase response is mediated by histamine. APC-366 also blocks the mast cell-mediated ICR to intradermally injected A. suum antigen. Collectively, these results suggest that tryptase may modulate mast cell histamine release.
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Pearson, Jason, Renato Leon, Haley Starr, Sujung Jun Kim, Jonathan E. Fogle, and Frane Banovic. "Establishment of an Intradermal Canine IL-31-Induced Pruritus Model to Evaluate Therapeutic Candidates in Atopic Dermatitis." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2023): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10050329.
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Pruritic models in healthy dogs utilizing intravenous administration of interleukin 31 (IL-31) bypass the “natural” itch sensation in AD, which is initiated by pruriceptive primary afferent neurons in the skin. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate/delayed pruritus responses and the pruritic behaviors observed in an intradermal IL-31-induced pruritic model of healthy dogs and the anti-pruritic effect of oclacitinib on said model. In Phase 1, all the dogs were randomized and video-recorded for 300 min after intradermal canine recombinant IL-31 injections (1.75 µg/kg) and vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) injections. In Phase 2, all the dogs received oral oclacitinib (0.4–0.6 mg/kg, twice daily for 4 consecutive days and once daily on day 5), with the intradermal IL-31 injection performed on day 5. Two blinded investigators reviewed the pruritic behaviors in all the video recordings. Intradermal IL-31 administration to healthy dogs caused a significant increase in the total (p = 0.0052) and local (p = 0.0003) seconds of pruritic behavior compared to the vehicle control. Oral oclacitinib administration significantly reduced the total (p = 0.0011) and local (p = 0.0156) intradermal IL-31-induced pruritic seconds; there was no significant difference in pruritic seconds between the vehicle and oclacitinib within the IL-31 groups. Significant delayed pruritic responses at 150–300 min after IL-31 injections were observed, and intradermal IL-31 failed to induce acute itch (first 30 min). Intradermal injection of IL-31 induces delayed itch responses in dogs that are diminished by the effect of oclacitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor.
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Oh, Seung Min, Yongkoo Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, and Myungjune Oh. "Investigating the Mechanisms of Intradermal Injection for Easier “Skin Booster” Treatment: A Fluid Mechanics Approach to Determine Optimal Delivery Method." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 12, no. 4 (April 2024): e5723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005723.
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Background: The use of “skin boosters” for rejuvenating aged skin is widely used. However, the accurate injection of the skin booster into the dermal layer remains a challenge due to the density of the dermis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal mechanical variables of delivery that enabled correct targeting of the product to the dermis for optimal results. Methods: We investigated the impact of mechanical variables (syringe diameter, needle diameter and length, and viscosity of the skin booster) on the force required for intradermal injection in porcine skin. The correlation between these variables and the injection force was examined as well. Results: The results show that smaller syringe diameters, larger needle diameters, shorter needle lengths, and lower viscosity of the skin boosters reduce the injection force needed for intradermal injections. Conclusions: During the administration of skin booster injections, clinicians should take into account optimal conditions that facilitate intradermal injections, thus maximizing rejuvenating outcomes. Furthermore, manufacturers of skin boosters should formulate the products with decreased viscosity and provide the product in conjunction with appropriate needles and syringes, designed to optimize ease of injection.
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Freed, D. L. J., C. Chattopadhyay, and I. Gupta. "Intradermal Salicylate Injections for Fibromyalgia." Journal of Orthopaedic Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 2001): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1355297x.2001.11736123.
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Babadjouni, Arash, Celine H. Phong, Jodie Raffi, and Natasha A. Mesinkovska. "Turning Down the Fire: The Role of Botulinum Toxin Microdroplets in Refractory Rosacea Erythema." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 6, no. 5 (September 12, 2022): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.6.5.16.
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Introduction: Dermal “micro-injections" of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) treatment can improve facial flushing and erythema in patients with refractory rosacea. We present a case of a patient with longstanding papulo-pustular rosacea with flushing, refractory to laser, topical and systemic therapies, where intradermal microdroplet BTX-A injections successfully controlled erythema and flushing. Case Description: A 49-year-old White female with a 4-year history of refractory papulo-pustular rosacea presented with bright, central facial erythema and telangiectasias after failing multiple 595 nm pulsed dye laser, topical (azelaic acid 15% gel, 0.025% tretinoin cream, and metrocream 0.75%) and systemic (isotretinoin 20 mg daily, spironolactone 25 mg daily and doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 14 days) treatments. At treatment 1, 20 U of BTX-A was injected intradermally (0.05 mL of 1.25 IU/0.1 mL per microdroplet) to erythematous lesion. Treatment 2 was performed at her 4 week follow-up were we administer 15 U of BTX-A intradermally (0.05 mL of 1.25 IU/0.1 mL per microdroplet) . The patient was seen 4, 8, and 16 weeks after her second treatment were no BTX-A was administered due to a significant reduction in erythema and lasting results. Discussion: Significant clinical improvement and patient satisfaction was achieved. No adverse events were reported after treatment aside from mild, localized injection site pain during the procedure. BTX-A administered as intradermal microdroplet injects can be a safe and efficacious option in the treatment of refractory rosacea erythema. Microbotox may be an effective adjunct, especially when topical and systemic therapies have failed.
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Bond, Matthew. "Intradermal Injections for Pox Eye Lesions." Journal of the Association of Avian Veterinarians 3, no. 3 (1989): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30134019.
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Uren, Roger, Chris Commens, and Robert Howman‐Giles. "Intradermal injections: a potential health hazard?" Medical Journal of Australia 161, no. 3 (August 1994): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127393.x.
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Miljkovic, B., L. Peric, and M. Velhner. "Interdigital skin test for evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity and monitoring cell-mediated immune responses in chickens." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 5-6-2 (2007): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702223m.
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A skin test to assess cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity (DH) used to evaluated immune response of chickens. Results of many study indicated, that skin testing is especially useful as a simple in vivo screening to evaluate normal and suppressed T-cell mediated DH. Chickens were sensitized with using mitogens, B and T-cell dependent antigen by intradermal injection. The most feathered skin of chickens is too thin for adequate intradermal injections, so the wattle is the standard site for skin testing, however, in younger than 2 or 3 weeks old chickens, the wattle is undeveloped and intradermal injection and measurement of response are difficult. A simple interdigital skin used by many of the authors. Skin swelling response and DH reaction were measured in mm before injections and after. The skin test and DH in vivo results edemas-initiating characteristics of sensitizing agents, which increase in skin thickness detectable after 4- 6 hours of application. Many of investigation results suggests that healthy chickens are able to have strong immune response and support the concept that some changes in the cell-mediated immune response and other pathogens may potentially affect immune response.
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Al-Karagholi, Mohammad Al-Mahdi, Hashmat Ghanizada, Jakob Møller Hansen, Sameera Aghazadeh, Lene Theil Skovgaard, Jes Olesen, and Messoud Ashina. "Extracranial activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels induces vasodilation without nociceptive effects." Cephalalgia 39, no. 14 (November 7, 2019): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102419888490.
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Introduction Levcromakalim opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel) and induces head pain in healthy volunteers and migraine headache in migraine patients, but no pain in other parts of the body. KATP channels are expressed in C- and Aδ-fibers, and these channels might directly activate nociceptors and thereby evoke pain in humans. Methods To assess the local effect of KATP channel opening in trigeminal and extra-trigeminal regions, we performed a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. Participants received intradermal and intramuscular injections of levcromakalim and placebo in the forehead and the forearms. Results Intradermal and intramuscular injections of levcromakalim did not evoke more pain compared to placebo in the forehead ( p > 0.05) and the forearms ( p > 0.05). Intradermal injection of levcromakalim caused more flare ( p < 0.001 ), skin temperature increase ( p < 0.001), and skin blood flow increase ( p < 0.001) compared to placebo in the forehead and the forearms. Conclusion These findings suggest that it is unlikely that levcromakalim induces head pain by direct activation of peripheral neurons.
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Codner, Ellen C., and Mary Kay Tinker. "Reactivity to intradermal injections of extracts of house dust and housedust mite in healthy dogs and dogs suspected of being atopic." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 206, no. 6 (March 15, 1995): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1995.206.06.812.
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Summary Fifty dogs underwent intradermal allergy testing with housedust mite and house dust extracts, using concentrations recommended by the manufacturer. Twelve dogs (group I) were healthy dogs obtained from a pound; 12 dogs (group II) were healthy, privately owned dogs; 15 dogs (group III) were suspected of being atopic and had had multiple positive reactions to intradermal injections of allergens of specific trees, weeds, grasses, or molds; and 11 dogs (group IV) were suspected of being atopic, but only had had positive reactions to intradermal injections of housedust mite, house dust, and flea antigen extracts. Use of the concentrations of housedust mite and house dust extracts currently recommended for intradermal allergy testing resulted in false-positive reactions in 14 of 24 (58%) and 12 of 24 (50%) healthy dogs tested, respectively. Differences in number of dogs with positive reactions or grade of reaction to housedust mite or house dust allergens were not detected between groups of healthy dogs (groups I vs II), between groups of suspected atopic dogs (groups III vs IV), or between healthy dogs and dogs suspected of being atopic (groups I and II vs III and IV). Therefore, clinical importance of positive results of intradermal allergy testing of house dust or housedust mite allergens was equivocal for dogs suspected of being atopic. Threshold concentrations for intradermal allergy testing were determined in 24 healthy dogs (group I and II) by intradermal administration of 5 dilutions each of housedust mite extract and house dust extract. Positive test results to various concentrations of housedust mite extract were observed in 22 dogs at 1:1,000 wiv, 14 dogs at 1:5,000 wiv, 5 dogs at 1:10,000 ww, 4 dogs at 1:25,000 wv, and 1 dog at 1:50,000 ww. Positive test results to various concentrations of house dust extract were observed in 21 dogs at 500 protein nitrogen units (pnu)/ml, 12 dogs at 100 pnu/ml, and 3 dogs at 50 pnu/ml, but none of the dogs had positive results at 20 and 10 pnu/ml, respectively. Threshold concentrations for housedust mite (1:50,000 w/v) and house dust (20 pnu/ml) extracts were subsequently used for intradermal allergy testing of 9 dogs (group V) that were considered to be atopic and that had had multiple positive test results after intradermal injection of specific allergens. Positive reactions to intradermal injections of threshold concentrations of housedust mite and house dust extracts were observed in 6 of 9 and 7 of 9 atopic dogs, respectively. Analysis of the results was suggestive that house dust and housedust mite extracts can be properly diluted to threshold concentrations for intradermal allergy testing without adversely affecting their diagnostic value. Lower concentrations of housedust mite and house dust extracts than are currently recommended should be used for intradermal allergy testing to avoid false-positive results.
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Xu, S., F. Shi, and H. Wu. "Schistosoma japonicum: some parameters affecting the development of protective immunity induced by a cryopreserved, irradiated schistosomula vaccine in guinea-pigs." Parasitology 102, no. 1 (February 1991): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000060327.
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SUMMARYExperiments were conducted in guinea-pigs to elucidate the parameters affecting the development of protective immunity against Schistosoma japonicum induced by a cryopreserved, irradiated schistosomula vaccine such as the number of immunizations, route of injection and the use of adjuvants. Results obtained indicated that the cryopreserved, irradiated schistosomula vaccine was effective by either intradermal or intramuscular injection. One intradermal injection with BCG adjuvant resulted in an average worm reduction of 50·24%, only a little lower than that of a non-cryopreserved, irradiated vaccine, 53·55%, with no statistically significant difference between the two. By intramuscular injection the worm reduction was lower (max. 40%) whether given with or without adjuvants or in 1 or 2 injections.
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Dougherty, P. M., J. Palecek, V. Paleckova, and W. D. Willis. "Neurokinin 1 and 2 antagonists attenuate the responses and NK1 antagonists prevent the sensitization of primate spinothalamic tract neurons after intradermal capsaicin." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1464.
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1. Activation of neurokinin receptors contributes to the excitation of many dorsal horn neurons by cutaneous sensory stimuli, particularly noxious stimuli. In the present study we investigate the role of neurokinin receptors in the activation of primate spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons by cutaneous mechanical stimuli and by intradermal injection of capsaicin. This was done by testing the responses of these neurons to a battery of cutaneous stimuli before and during infusion by microdialysis of antagonists selective for NK1 and NK2 receptors. 2. The NK1 receptor antagonists cis-3-(2-methoxybenzyl-amino-2-benzhydrylquinuclidine (CP96345) and D-Pro9-[Spiro-y-lactam]-Leu10,Trp11)-Physalaemin(1-11) (GR82334) did not significantly reduce the responses of STT cells to mechanical stimulation of the skin. Both NK1 antagonists did, however, produce a significant reduction in the responses of STT neurons to an intradermal injection of capsaicin. Finally, despite having no effects on responses to mechanical stimuli, both NK1 antagonists prevented the sensitization of the responses to cutaneous stimuli that is usually observed after intradermal injections of capsaicin. 3. The NK2 selective antagonists PhCO-Ala-Ala-D-Trp-Phe-D-Pro-Pro-Nle-NH2 (GR98400) and [Tyr5,D-Trp6,8,9,Lys10]-NKA (4–10) (MEN10376) had effects very similar to those of the NK1 antagonists, but with an important difference. Neither NK2 antagonist affected the responses of STT neurons to noxious or innocuous mechanical stimulation of the skin, but they did reduce the responses to intradermal capsaicin injections. These compounds failed to prevent capsaicin-induced sensitization. In fact, cells exposed to GR98400 or MEN10376 showed unusually sustained increases in the responses to mechanical stimuli after the first capsaicin injection, suggesting that these compounds actually induced sensitization. 4. These results support the contention that both neurokinin receptors participate in the processing of nociceptive information in the dorsal horn, especially responses to strong stimuli such as intradermal injection of capsaicin. NK1 receptors are also involved in the sensitization of STT neurons after peripheral injury. A clearer understanding of the role of NK2 receptors in sensitization requires further studies with improved antagonists.
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Templeton, Stephen F. "Intradermal Bleomycin Injections Into Normal Human Skin." Archives of Dermatology 130, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1994.01690050045006.
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Denk, K., D. Schliephake, A. Recke, and B. Kahle. "Effektivität der Sklerosierungstherapie in Abhängigkeit vom Alter der Patienten." Phlebologie 39, no. 04 (2010): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1622314.
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SummaryIn clinical practice sclerotherapy of intradermal varicose veins seems to be more effective in elderly patients. Patients, methods: After prior duplex-sonographic investigation 48 patients with intradermal varicose veins (diameter 1–2 mm, C1,EP, AS, PR) were included. 24 patients (group 1) received Polidocanol (0.25% Aethoxysklerol®) injection sclerotherapy and 24 patients (group 2) received sodium chloride injections. In all subjects an area of 100 square centimetres of the lower limb was treated. The borders of each area were marked and photo documented. The injections were performed by an examiner who was unaware of which liquid had been injected. Compression therapy was performed for one week after the treatment. One and four weeks later the results were controlled by the physician who performed the injections and documented by an independent photographer. The glossy prints of the areas before and four weeks after the treatment were sent to two blinded independent external reviewers. The reviewers noted their evaluation on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The reviewers received each anonymous photodocument twice within 3 weeks. Results: The VAS of both experts showed a significant difference between the results in group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.0001). Median of efficacy was 58.5% in group 1 (verum) and 0.5% in group 2 (placebo). Both experts had a stable intraindividual reliability of 85% and further both raters didn´t differ concerning their ratings. In group 1 (verum) the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the therapeutic outcome and the age of the treated patients. Conclusions: Injection sclerotherapy of intradermal varicose veins using 0.25 %Polidocanol (Aethoxysklerol) is an efficient treatment that leads to a good aesthetic outcome. In elderly patients sclerotherapy is more efficient.
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McFadden, J. P., A. V. Powles, B. S. Baker, H. Valdimarsson, and L. Fry. "Intradermal antigen tests in psoriasis." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1990): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555570262264.
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To assess whether elicitation of delayed hypersensitivity may be superior to trauma in inducing the Koebner reaction in psoriasis, 12 affected patients and 9 control subjects were tested with 0.1 ml intradermal injections of streptokinase/streptodornase (20 mu/5 mu per 0.1 ml), PPD (1 in 1000) and saline control solutions in a double-blind study; Koebner status was also established in the psoriatic patients. Injected sites were examined at 48 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days for local development of psoriasis, erythema and induration (diameter). One patient was Koebner-positive and developed psoriasis at all three injection sites. The other, Koebner-negative psoriatic subjects did not develop psoriasis locally. However, compared with non-psoriatic controls they showed a marked delay in resolution of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the PPD antigen and a similar but less marked phenomenon was observed for streptokinase/streptodornase. These findings indicate that intradermal antigen, of the nature and amount used in this study, is no more effective in inducing the Koebner phenomenon than injury alone. However, the ability of psoriasis patients to switch off cell-mediated immune reaction appears to be impaired.
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Mehta, Karaninder Singh, Monika Chandel, Pushpinder Singh Chauhan, Vikram K. Mahajan, Yograj Verma, Hitender Kumar Sharma, Anuj Sharma, and Reena Sharma. "A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal and intralesional Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) for treatment of common warts in children." IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijced.2021.057.
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: Viral warts are common dermatological diseases with wide range of treatment modalities. Utilization of various vaccines and skin test antigens has broadened the horizon of available immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of warts. In this study, we compared efficacy and safety of intradermal and intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) for treating common warts in children. Toevaluate efficacy and safety of intradermal and intralesional PPD in treatment of common warts in children.: 180 children (aged 5-15 years) with common warts were randomly divided to receive intradermal (n=90) PPD 10 TU/0.1 ml at middle third of right forearm or intralesional PPD (n=90) 0.1 ml in the largest wart once in 2-weeks till there is complete clearance or maximum of five injections whichever is earlier. Patients were followed at 4 week after last injection for assessment of response, adverse effects, and recurrence of common warts. : Complete, partial clearance and no response in 51.2%, 45.3% and 2.3% children was observed in intradermal group as compared to 54.2%, 42.5% and 1.1% response in intralesional group respectively. Recurrence of warts was observed in 1.2% and 2.2% children in intradermal and intralesional group respectively. Pain was the most common adverse effect in both groups followed by erythema lasting for 2-3 days not warranting for discontinuation of treatment in any patient.: Overall 96.5% and 96.7% patients in both intradermal and intralesional group responded to treatment respectively. We conclude that immunotherapy with PPD appears safe, effective, and acceptable treatment modality for common warts in children. Although intralesional group showed slightly higher efficacy for warts (0.2%), intradermal PPD has advantage of less pain, high patient satisfaction, less spillage of injection material onto surroundings and better compliance over intralesional group and hence can be considered as valuable first line treatment in children in resource poor developing countries.
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Chapman, RE, and MH Hardy. "Effects of Intradermally Injected and Topically Applied Mouse Epidermal Growth Factor on Wool Growth, Skin and Wool Follicles of Merino Sheep." Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 41, no. 2 (1988): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bi9880261.
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Twice daily intradermal (ID) injections of mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) in sterile saline for 1-4 days into delineated areas of skin of Merino sheep produced dose-dependent changes in wool follicles and fibres, ranging from slight reduction in follicle bulb size and transient disturbance of cuticle formation on some fibres to the induction of catagen of follicles and shedding of fibres with distorted, tapered ends. Regeneration of follicles commenced by day 7. By contrast, ID injections of saline did not affect follicle activity. The epidermis became thicker and more parakeratotic after multiple injections of mEGF than after injection of saline, but was almost normal again by day 14. Persistent small increases in sebaceous gland size, additional to those induced by ID injections of saline, and delayed small increases in sweat gland size also occurred after multiple injections of mEGF.
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Eisenach, James C., David D. Hood, Regina Curry, and Chuanyao Tong. "Alfentanil, but Not Amitriptyline, Reduces Pain, Hyperalgesia, and Allodynia from Intradermal Injection of Capsaicin in Humans." Anesthesiology 86, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199706000-00008.
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Background Intradermal injection of capsaicin produces brief pain followed by hyperalgesia and allodynia in humans, and the latter effects are mediated by spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate mechanisms. Amitriptyline recently was shown to antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and in this study, the authors sought to determine the effect of amitriptyline alone and with the opioid alfentanil on hyperalgesia and allodynia produced by intradermal injection of capsaicin. Methods Forty-six healthy volunteers in the general clinical research center received repeated intradermal injections of capsaicin (100 microg) alone or before and after systemic injection of 4 mg midazolam, 25 mg amitriptyline, alfentanil by computer-controlled infusion, or amitriptyline plus alfentanil. Acute pain and areas of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were determined at specified intervals. Blood was obtained for alfentanil and amitriptyline assay. Results Capsaicin injection produced acute pain followed by hyperalgesia and allodynia. Alfentanil reduced these pain responses in a plasma-concentration-dependent manner, and reduction in hyperalgesia and allodynia correlated with reduction in acute pain. Amitriptyline alone had no effect and did not potentiate alfentanil. Alfentanil produced concentration-dependent nausea, an effect diminished by amitriptyline. Discussion These data correspond with previous studies in volunteers demonstrating reduction in hyperalgesia and allodynia after intradermal injection of capsaicin by systemically administered opioids, and they suggest that this reduction may be secondary to reduced nociceptive input by acute analgesia. These data do not support the use of acute systemic administration of amitriptyline for acute pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, although the roles of chronic treatment and spinal administration are being investigated.
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Mertes, Paul Michel, Denise Anne Moneret-Vautrin, Francisque Leynadier, and Marie-Claire Laxenaire. "Skin Reactions to Intradermal Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Injections." Anesthesiology 107, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000270721.27309.b3.
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Background Numerous reports confirm the performance of intradermal tests for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis during anesthesia; however, there is controversy over their diagnostic value regarding the newer neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). Methods One hundred eleven healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive intradermal injections of two NMBAs, at five increasing concentrations. A concentration was considered as a reactive concentration when it led to a positive reaction in more than 5% of the subjects. These concentrations were compared with the maximal concentration recommended for the diagnosis of sensitization to NMBAs. Results The maximal nonreactive concentrations were 10 m for suxamethonium; 10 m for pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium, and cisatracurium; and 10 m for atracurium and mivacurium. Except for mivacurium, these nonreactive concentrations were close to the maximal concentrations used for the diagnosis of sensitization against NMBAs. For mivacurium, the nonreactive concentrations were higher than the maximal concentration currently recommended in clinical practice. Conclusion The aminosteroidal NMBAs pancuronium, vecuronium, and rocuronium and the benzylisoquinoline cisatracurium have a similar potency to induce a nonspecific skin reactivity. If the criteria for positivity and the maximal concentrations of the commercially available compounds recommended by French practice guidelines are used, the risk of false-positive results is limited, and only minor modifications of these recommendations could be suggested. A slight reduction in the maximal concentration used for rocuronium from 1:100 to 1:200 and an increase from 1:1,000 to 1:200 for mivacurium can be proposed.
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WARD, G. D., and J. R. SUTHERST. "Pruritus vulvae: treatment by multiple intradermal alcohol injections." British Journal of Dermatology 93, no. 2 (July 29, 2006): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06741.x.
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TARNOW, K., and N. KING. "Intradermal injections: Traditional bevel up versus bevel down." Applied Nursing Research 17, no. 4 (November 2004): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0897-1897(04)00079-5.
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Nathan, C., K. Squires, W. Griffo, W. Levis, M. Varghese, C. K. Job, A. R. Nusrat, S. Sherwin, S. Rappoport, and E. Sanchez. "Widespread intradermal accumulation of mononuclear leukocytes in lepromatous leprosy patients treated systemically with recombinant interferon gamma." Journal of Experimental Medicine 172, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.172.5.1509.
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Intradermal administration of recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) to lepromatous leprosy patients has converted the local histology toward a tuberculoid pattern. However, such changes have been confined to the site of injection. In contrast, in the present study, marked, intradermal accumulation of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD1a+ T cells and Leu-M5+ mononuclear phagocytes was induced at a distance from the sites of administration, in a dose-dependent manner, by 10 daily intramuscular injections of 10-30 micrograms rIFN-gamma/m2. Mononuclear cell infiltration began within 3 d of onset of rIFN-gamma therapy and persisted at least 8 wk. Intramuscular administration of rIFN-gamma to lepromatous patients receiving concurrent chemotherapy can safely induce widespread histologic features of an upgrading reaction.
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Ijsselmuiden, O. E., K. J. Knegt-Junk, R. G. Van Wijk, and T. VaNJoost. "Cutaneous adverse reactions after intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555755758.
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A patient is described with a disseminated morbilliform and partially persistent urticarial dermatitis following intra-articular injections of triamcinolone acetonide. A delayed-type hypersensitivity to triamcinolone acetonide was observed after patch and intradermal testing. However, an immediate-type hypersensitivity to this drug was not observed. A delayed-type sensitization to betamethasone, dexamethasone and prednisolone, but not to hydrocortisone was also observed after patch testing. Intradermal tests with these representatives of corticosteroids were all negative. Although little is known yet about the relationship between immediate and delayed-type hypersensitivity and the side-effects of oral use of corticosteroids, the absence of positive skin tests to corticosteroids other than triamcinolone acetonide may indicate a safe use of these drugs orally or via injection.
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Brown, David, Anthony R. Fooks, and Martin Schweiger. "Using Intradermal Rabies Vaccine to Boost Immunity in People with Low Rabies Antibody Levels." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/601789.
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Intradermal rabies vaccine is recommended by the World Health Organisation, but not all countries, including England, follow this recommendation. A group of 12 adults in England previously given pre-exposure intradermal rabies vaccine were considered to be non-immune to rabies because their rabies antibody titres were known to be less than 0.5 IU/mL. A cohort study examined the immunizing effect of increasing the participants' cumulative dose of intradermal rabies to 2.0 IU. All patients subsequently demonstrated rabies antibody levels >0.5 IU⋅mL supporting evidence of adequate sero-conversion. No adverse effects of intradermal rabies vaccine boosting were noted. Within the limits of a small study the findings support the hypothesis that adequate levels of rabies antibody can be achieved by a schedule of intradermal injections delivered on at least three occasions with a cumulative rabies vaccine dose of 2.0 IU.
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Yang, Bin, Ao He, Bin-Bin Bu, Gong Zhuo, Qing-Zhu Zhou, Jia-Hang He, Liu Liu, Wen-Li Huang, and Xian Zhao. "Clinical efficacy of intradermal type I collagen injections in treating skin photoaging in patients from high-altitude areas." World Journal of Clinical Cases 12, no. 16 (June 6, 2024): 2713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i16.2713.
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BACKGROUND Photoaging, a result of chronic sun exposure, leads to skin damage and pigmentation changes. Traditional treatments may have limitations in high-altitude areas like Yunnan Province. Intradermal Col Ι injections stimulate collagen production, potentially improving skin quality. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment for photoaging. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal type Ι collagen (Col Ι) injection for treating photoaging. METHODS This prospective, self-controlled study investigated the impact of intradermal injections of Col Ι on skin photodamage in 20 patients from the Yunnan Province. Total six treatment sessions were conducted every 4 wk ± 3 d. Before and after each treatment, facial skin characteristics were quantified using a VISIA skin detector. Skin thickness data were assessed using the ultrasound probes of the Dermalab skin detector. The Face-Q scale was used for subjective evaluation of the treatment effect by the patients. RESULTS The skin thickness of the right cheek consistently increased after each treatment session compared with baseline. The skin thickness of the left cheek significantly increased after the third through sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline. The skin thickness of the right zygomatic region increased after the second to sixth treatment sessions, whereas that of the left zygomatic region showed a significant increase after the fourth through sixth treatment sessions. The skin thickness of both temporal regions significantly increased after the fifth and sixth treatment sessions compared with baseline (P < 0.05). These findings were also supported by skin ultrasound images. The feature count for the red areas and wrinkle feature count decreased following the treatment (P < 0.05). VISIA assessments also revealed a decrease in the red areas after treatment. The Face-Q-Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall and Face-Q-Satisfaction with Skin scores significantly increased after each treatment session. The overall appearance of the patients improved after treatment. CONCLUSION Intradermal Col Ι injection improves photoaging, with higher patient satisfaction and fewer adverse reactions, and could be an effective treatment method for populations residing in high-altitude areas.
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Kleris, Renee S., Anjeni Keswani, and Patricia Lugar. "The Eyes Have It: Eyelid Swelling and Rash in a 79-year-old Woman With Macular Degeneration." Allergy & Rhinology 9 (January 2018): 215265671876338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2152656718763385.
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Introduction A 79-year-old woman with macular degeneration was referred to the Allergy/Immunology clinic for the evaluation of a potential allergy to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments. The patient developed urticaria and eyelid swelling immediately following a retinal injection of aflibercept, which she had previously tolerated. She previously had allergic reactions following ranibizumab and bevacizumab injections. Injections of anti-VEGF treatments were discontinued given concern for allergy with progression of the patient’s disease. Objective To assess the culprit medication(s) responsible for hypersensitivity reactions following anti-VEGF injections for macular degeneration. Methods Medication records were reviewed for each retinal injection. All medications used in each procedure, including the anti-VEGF therapy (aflibercept), topical anesthetics (tetracaine and proparacaine hydrochloride), and antiseptic (povidine), were evaluated with skin testing. She was additionally tested for alternative anti-VEGF therapies (ranibizumab and bevacizumab) as she was thought to have allergies to these agents by prior history. A test dose challenge was completed for aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. Results Skin prick and intradermal testing were negative to aflibercept, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and povidine. Intradermal testing was positive to tetracaine and proparacaine hydrochloride. The patient passed test dose challenges to aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. Due to her positive hypersensitivity testing to 2 ester anesthetics, the patient underwent skin prick and intradermal testing to the amide anesthetic, lidocaine. This was negative and the patient tolerated a graded challenge to lidocaine. She was deemed to have an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to ester-type local anesthetics. She successfully resumed anti-VEGF therapy with an amide local anesthetic. Conclusions The reason for this consult was the concern for hypersensitivity to a biologic anti-VEGF medication. The culprit allergen, the local anesthetic, could have been overlooked without an assessment of all medications used during the procedure. This case highlights the importance of a thorough allergy evaluation of all medications used during procedures to determine the causative agent. Chief Complaint: Eyelid swelling and rash after ophthalmic procedures for macular degeneration.
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Yap, Eduardo, and John Michael Porquez. "Intradermal Hyaluronidase: The Answer to Treatment in Softening a Fibrous Thick Supratip Skin in Rhinoplasty?" Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 38, no. 1 (June 4, 2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v38i1.2153.
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ABSTRACT
It is a common goal for rhinoplastic surgeons to make the best-looking tip with proper projection, maintaining the tip lobule appearance with a supratip break. (Figure 1) However, a fibrous thick skin with fullness may not achieve the ideal tip. It is one of the nuisances in rhinoplasty that makes tip definition surgery difficult. The supratip area remains firm and convex causing a wide bulbous feature of the tip. Several techniques have been introduced with good results however some may still result in supratip fullness because of the firm fibrous nature of thick skin.1-3 Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that depolymerizes hyaluronic acid which is present in the epithelium.4 The use of intradermal hyaluronidase for thick skin was discovered by the junior author (JMP) in one of his rhinoplasties when he injected hyaluronidase in a nose with fillers containing hyaluronic acid. The fillers not only instantly dissolved but the skin also softened, so he tried injecting intradermally in his subsequent rhinoplasties on non-filler noses with fibrous thick skin and indeed found the same effect of softening of the fibrous supratip skin. We here describe the technique used in this preliminary clinical series.
METHODS
A vial of 1,500 I.U. of hyaluronidase (Liporase, Skin Lab Medical, Essex, UK) is mixed with 1.0 ml of Normal Saline Solution (NSS) and 0.1 - 0.2ml (150u – 300u) is aspirated and may be diluted with 0.8ml of PNSS in a 1 cc tuberculin syringe or given as concentrated dose. Intradermal injection into fibrous thick skin can be performed intraoperatively before incision or after closure when defatting and tip grafts are put in place but still with supratip fullness. The areas to be injected are the supratip and its sides. (Figure 2).
A disposable hypodermic needle gauge 30 is used to inject intradermally or subdermally in minute amounts until blanching is noted. These injections are given at equally random spacing. Immediately after injection, finger pressure massage is applied at the supratip area for 1-3 minutes to soften the skin and allow redraping of the skin and soft tissue envelope (SSTE).
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Arad-Cohen, Abigail, and Andrew Blitzer. "Botulinum toxin treatment for symptomatic Frey's syndrome." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 2 (February 2000): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70246-4.
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Gustatory sweating, or Frey's syndrome, usually occurs after surgery or trauma to the parotid gland as a result of inappropriate parasympathetic cholinergic innervation of cutaneous sympathetic receptors. Numerous medical and surgical treatments have been proposed to prevent or treat this condition. The results, overall, have been unsatisfactory. Botulinum toxin is a relatively new treatment modality for Frey's syndrome. We review the literature and present our experience with 7 patients successfully treated with intradermal injections of botulinum toxin (Botox). Our technique and dosing are described. In all treated patients gustatory sweating ceased in the area injected with botulinum toxin. In 6 patients, symptoms reappeared, and additional injections were needed up to 4 times, at 6- to 8-month intervals. All patients now have been free of symptoms for a long period of time (mean 12.1 months). We strongly recommend intradermal injections of botulinum toxin as a safe, efficacious treatment for gustatory sweating.
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Kersschot J. "History of Glucopuncture." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 1925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.1.0254.
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Glucopuncture is a treatment option originating from Europe (Austria) and Asia (South Korea). It is a medical technique which uses regional injections with 5% sugar water such as D5W (or G5W) into dermis, fascia, joints, muscles and ligaments. Pain modulation is mainly achieved by intradermal, fascial and US-guided perineural injections. Biotensegrity regulation is mainly achieved by injecting into the superficial layer of regional fascia. Functional improvement is achieved by giving injections into muscles. Such intramuscular injections can support and accelerate tissue repair, which is an interesting tool when treating sports injuries in professional athletes. Especially injections into superficial fascia are becoming more popular recently because of easy application and interesting clinical outcome. Over the last decades, clinicians worldwide came to see that regional D5W injections are safe, inexpensive and efficient tools to manage musculoskeletal pain and sports injuries. Both patient-guided as well as screen-guided glucopuncture gain popularity worldwide. Clinical research so far was mainly focused on treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with D5W.
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Averbuch, S. D., G. Gaudiano, T. H. Koch, and N. R. Bachur. "Doxorubicin-induced skin necrosis in the swine model: protection with a novel radical dimer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 4, no. 1 (January 1986): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1986.4.1.88.
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The treatment of doxorubicin (DOX) extravasation tissue injury is poorly defined. A swine model has been developed to study DOX skin toxicity and potential pharmacologic antidotes. Intradermal injections of DOX in miniature female weanling swine produced predictable and dose-dependent ulcerations that closely resemble lesions observed in humans following extravasation of DOX. The ulcers reached maximal size at 3 weeks following DOX administration and were completely healed by 7 weeks. Bi(3,5-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl) (DHM3) is a radical dimer that can react with DOX in vitro to produce deoxydoxorubicin aglycone, an inactive anthracycline metabolite. When DHM3 was administered into the same intradermal injection site 15 minutes after DOX, the maximum ulcer size was reduced 80%, and the healing time was reduced to 5 weeks. The protection from toxicity was highly dependent on the time interval between DOX and DHM3 injections, with no protection noted after a 60-minute interval. Our data verify the swine model as a useful tool to study DOX-induced extravasation injury. Furthermore, DHM3 is an effective antidote for DOX-induced skin necrosis and has potential for clinical use.
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Mingsan, Miao, Li Yan, Wang Tan, Wang Ting, Bai Ming, Miao Jinxin, and Gong Bao. "Effects of motherwort alkaloids on rat ear acne." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11 (February 20, 2016): S26—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11is1.25633.
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The aim of this study was to explore the effects of motherwort alkaloids on rat ear acne. The rats that were administered high, medium, and low doses of motherwort alkaloids, tanshinone capsules, a model and a control group. Each group of rats was subjected to gavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. On the first day of testing, the control and model groups were administered an intradermal auricle injection of sterilized saline solution and the remaining groups were administered an intradermal auricle injection of Staphylococcus epidermidis in addition to the gavage. The thicknesses of the rats auricles were measured for five consecutive days following the injections. Anticoagulated blood was used for erythrocyte rheology index measurement. In addition, the entire ear of each rat was removed for morphological examination. Compared to the model group, the group administered motherwort alkaloids exhibited significantly reduced swelling, improved localized auricle proliferation, and reduced blood viscosity. This result suggests motherwort alkaloids are effective in rat ear acne.
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Niyomnaitham, Suvimol, Somruedee Chatsiricharoenkul, Zheng Quan Toh, Sansnee Senawong, Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun, Supaporn Phumiamorn, Paul V. Licciardi, and Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit. "Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Fractional Intradermal COVID-19 Vaccines as a Booster: A Pilot Study." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091497.
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Intradermal vaccination using fractional dosages of the standard vaccine dose is one strategy to improve access to COVID-19 immunization. We conducted a pilot study in healthy adults in Thailand to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of intradermal administration of fractional doses of ChAdOx1 (1/5th of standard dosage) or BNT162b2 (1/6th of standard dosage) to individuals previously vaccinated (prime) with two-dose intramuscular CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2. Following an initial immunogenicity exploratory phase for each vaccine combination group (n = 10), a total of 135 participants (n = 45 per group) were recruited to 3 groups (CoronaVac prime-intradermal BNT162b2 boost, CoronaVac prime-intradermal ChAdOx1 boost and ChAdOx1 prime-intradermal BNT162b2 boost) and their immunogenicity data were compared to a previous cohort who received the same vaccine intramuscularly. Two weeks following booster vaccination, neutralizing antibodies against the delta variant were similar between the participants who received intradermal and intramuscular vaccination. However, neutralizing antibodies against the omicron variant in the intradermal BNT162b2 boost groups were ~6-fold lower, while the levels in the ChAdOx1 boost group were similar compared to their respective vaccine regimen given intramuscularly. The intradermal booster significantly increased spike-specific T cell responses in all three groups from pre-booster levels. Local and systemic adverse reactions were milder in intradermal compared to intramuscular injections. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these findings and the feasibility of administration of intradermal COVID-19 vaccines.
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Lee, Ho Jung, Sang Ju Lee, Byoung-dae Kim, and Sung bin Cho. "Facilitated Multiple Intradermal Injections Using the Double-Syringe Technique." Dermatologic Surgery 35, no. 10 (October 2009): 1557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01275.x.
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Van Mulder, T. J. S., D. Van Nuffel, M. Demolder, G. De Meyer, S. Moens, K. C. L. Beyers, V. V. J. Vankerckhoven, P. Van Damme, and H. Theeten. "Skin thickness measurements for optimal intradermal injections in children." Vaccine 38, no. 4 (January 2020): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.002.
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Kersey, Terry W., Jason Van Eyk, Donald R. Lannin, Arlene N. Chua, and Lorraine Tafra. "Comparison of Intradermal and Subcutaneous Injections in Lymphatic Mapping." Journal of Surgical Research 96, no. 2 (April 2001): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.2000.6075.
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Enk, A. H., V. L. Angeloni, M. C. Udey, and S. I. Katz. "An essential role for Langerhans cell-derived IL-1 beta in the initiation of primary immune responses in skin." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 9 (May 1, 1993): 3698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.9.3698.
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Abstract Langerhans cells (LC) are Ag-presenting cells required for induction of primary immune responses in skin. After activation by Ag, LC express increased levels of MHC class II Ag, exhibit increased accessory cell activity, and migrate to regional lymph nodes where they stimulate T cells. One of the earliest manifestations of LC activation is the accumulation of increased amounts of IL-1 beta mRNA in LC within 15 min after exposure to contact allergens in vivo. To determine if enhanced IL-1 beta production by LC could be causally linked to epicutaneous sensitization, we injected IL-1 beta intradermally into the ears of BALB/c mice and extracted total epidermal RNA 4 h later. A quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to compare changes in IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and 1-A alpha chain mRNA signals caused by intradermally-injected IL-1 beta to those caused by intradermal IL-1 alpha or TNF alpha, or by topical application of the contact allergen trinitrochlorobenzene (3% TNCB). Intradermal injection of 25 ng IL-1 beta resulted in 5-to 100-fold enhancement of mRNA signals for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, MIP-2, IL-10, TNF alpha, and class II I-A alpha, mimicking the changes caused by allergen. In contrast, injection of equivalent amounts of IL-1 alpha or TNF alpha did not significantly alter the epidermal cytokine pattern. Simulating the effects of topically applied TNCB, intradermally-injected IL-1 beta (but not IL-1 alpha or TNF alpha) also caused enhancement of LC MHC class II expression. In addition, LC derived from IL-1 beta-injected skin were 2 to 3 times more potent accessory cells in an anti-CD3 proliferation assay than LC from IL-1 alpha or sham-injected skin. Finally, injection of hamster anti-mIL-1 beta mAb into the skin prior to TNCB treatment completely prevented sensitization to this allergen, although injections of similar amounts of hamster anti-mIL-1 alpha mAb or PBS were without effect. Taken together, our data indicate that dendritic cell-derived IL-1 beta may be a critical molecule required for initiation of primary immune responses in skin.
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Ganusevich, O. N., T. N. Nesterovich, I. V. Fedorkevich, and A. S. Yakovenko. "Treatment of Locoregional Recurrences of Skin Melanoma (a Clinical Case)." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 27, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-3-105-112.
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Aim. To demonstrate an interesting clinical case of treating a patient with intradermal melanoma metastases.Materials and methods. A patient with intradermal melanoma metastases was given a combined treatment including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy (intradermal administration of an immunological preparation into metastatic foci).Results. A clinical case of a patient with a locoregional recurrence of skin melanoma (SM) of the left lower leg was described. Given the prevalence of the pathological substrate and the presence of concomitant pathologies, two treatment methods were selected – PDT and intradermal administration of interferon into metastatic foci. These methods provided both the local and systemic effect. As a result, the stabilisation of the tumour process was achieved.Conclusion. Combined treatment of locoregional recurrences of skin melanoma using PDT and intrametastatic injections of immunopreparations can be used as an alternative to surgical intervention in somatically weakened patients with a large area of intradermal metastases, which will allow the tumour process to be stabilised. In cases where the area of locoregional intradermal recurrences in somatically compensated patients does not permit surgical treatment, the proposed technique may be the only possible treatment method.
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Ichihashi, Masamitsu, Masaki Tanaka, Takashi Iizuka, Hiroko Totsuka, Ekuko Tominaga, Yuka Hitomi, Hideya Ando, Takahiro Nishikata, and Ken-Ichi Mizutani. "A Single Intradermal Injection of Autologous Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Rejuvenates Aged Skin and Sharpens Double Eyelids." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071162.
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Facial skin aging is the most visible manifestation of aging in the body. In this study, we aimed to rejuvenate aging skin via a one-time intradermal injection of autologous adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Eight patients were enrolled for study. Photographs of patients taken immediately before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after ADSC injections were comparatively evaluated for visible skin manifestations. ADSCs were cultured from the abdominal-skin-derived subcutaneous fat tissue, and 1 × 108 cultured ADSCs were injected intradermally into the facial skin. Cultured myoblasts were incubated with the supernatant derived from ADSCs, and the effect was evaluated via glucose consumption and lactic acid production in the medium. Eight cases showed the shallowing and disappearance of wrinkles, including those of the glabella, lower eyelids, crow`s feet, and forehead and nasolabial grooves, a month to several months after treatment. Double eyelids became prominent, and facial pores significantly reduced in size. These effects lasted for over one year. Myoblasts cultured in the presence of an ADSC-derived exosome were activated compared to that of ADSCs cultured without supernatant. The result supports the role of muscle in ADSC skin rejuvenation. The present study first reports that a single intradermal administration of cultured ADSCs rejuvenates aged facial skin over the course of one year. Further, patients exhibited definite double eyelids and pore shrinkage, strongly indicating the active involvement of muscle, which was supported by an in vitro study. Our study also suggested the important role of biological factors delivered from injected stem cells, although the detailed mechanism of rejuvenation effects of ADSC skin injection remains to be clarified.
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Mingsan, Miao, Li Yan, Wang Tan, Wang Ting, Bai Ming, Miao Jinxin, and Gong Bao. "Effects of motherwort alkaloids on rat ear acne." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11, S1 (February 19, 2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i0.25633.
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<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to explore the effects of motherwort alkaloids on rat ear acne. The rats that were administered high, medium, and low doses of motherwort alkaloids, tanshinone capsules, a model and a control group. Each group of rats was subjected to gavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. On the first day of testing, the control and model groups were administered an intradermal auricle injection of sterilized saline solution and the remaining groups were administered an intradermal auricle injection of <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> in addition to the gavage. The thicknesses of the rats’ auricles were measured for five consecutive days following the injections. Anticoagulated blood was used for erythrocyte rheology index measurement. In addition, the entire ear of each rat was removed for morphological examination. Compared to the model group, the group administered motherwort alkaloids exhibited significantly reduced swelling, improved localized auricle proliferation, and reduced blood viscosity. This result suggests motherwort alkaloids are effective in rat ear acne.</p><p> </p>
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Manturova, NE, AG Stenko, YaA Petinati, EA Chaikovskaya, and AA Bolgarina. "Injectable collagen in correction of age-related skin changes: experimental and clinical parallels." Laboratory diagnostics, no. 1 (March 9, 2019): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2019.010.
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To a large extent, age-related facial skin changes, wrinkles and flabbiness, are attributed to the structural alterations in dermis, including of collagen fibers fragmentation and disorganization. There are various cosmetological correction methods that aim to activate neocollagenesis and dermal remodeling. From this perspective, intradermal injections of exogenous collagen preparations seem logical. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Collost 7% collagen complex applied to correct the age-related facial skin changes, as well as clarify the possible mechanisms of skin rejuvenation resulting from a course of intradermal injections. 35 participants entered the study, 30 of them finished it. A set of indicators describing age-related skin changes was assessed with the help of clinical scales; the assessment revealed a pronounced improvement in the quality of the patients' skin, including smoothed relief in the area of localization of fine wrinkles. The therapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement of the skin's elasticity, which, combined with the changes discovered through US scanning (greater dermis thickness and echodensity), is an indirect indication of skin restructuring associated with accumulation of fibrous protein structures. These results allow parallels with the experimental data that shows activation of neocollagenesis in the skin of laboratory animals after a course of Collost 7% gel. The research revealed no serious adverse events. A course of collagen administered intradermally can be recommended as an aesthetic correction procedure, as well as means of prevention of atrophy that has a significant effect on skin's appearance and health status.
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Raja, Jasper Damaris, Ghai Tuor Mabiei Dot, and Devaki B. "To Assess the Safe Administration of Injections among Nurses in a Secondary Setting, Uganda." South Asian Research Journal of Nursing and Healthcare 5, no. 1 (February 12, 2023): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjnhc.2023.v05i01.003.
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Injection safety is important in the prevention of medication errors, infection, needle injuries, and discomfort to patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the steps in the safe administration of injections in a secondary setting in Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was the methodology adopted. Collected data with a non-participatory observational checklist, constructed using WHO - Revised Injection Safety assessment tool C. Permission from the Institutional Board and individual oral consent from nurses was obtained. Seventy-five procedures (intravenous, intradermal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous) were observed in four steps: prevention of infection, safety measures to prevent errors, promoting patient safety and comfort, and prevention of needle-stick injuries. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The intravenous injection was the most common procedure observed in this study. Nurses had moderate scores in the safe administration of injections. There was statistical significance seen between certain selected variables and steps of safe administration.
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Strelnikova, E. "Experience of application of the virtual course “Injections” in the professional training of students of a medical college." Virtual Technologies in Medicine, no. 2 (June 10, 2024): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2024_2_1818.
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The article describes an experiment on introducing virtual technologies into the process of professional training of students at a medical college in the form of the “Injections” course. The purpose of this course is to master the theoretical foundations and sequence of injection procedures, including hand preparation, preparation for manipulation, its execution and completion, disposal of accessories, as well as intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. There was an increase in the level of development of professional competencies among students who took part in the experiment relative to the initial level, which indicates an increase in the level of knowledge of students who were trained using a virtual simulator and confirms the feasibility of integrating a virtual environment into the training of nurses as a means of developing professional competencies among medical students college.
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Ledgerwood, J. E., Z. Hu, I. J. Gordon, G. Yamshchikov, M. E. Enama, S. Plummer, R. Bailer, et al. "Influenza Virus H5 DNA Vaccination Is Immunogenic by Intramuscular and Intradermal Routes in Humans." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 11 (September 5, 2012): 1792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05663-11.
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ABSTRACTAvian influenza virus causes outbreaks in domestic and wild birds around the world, and sporadic human infections have been reported. A DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) protein from the A/Indonesia/5/05 (H5N1) strain was initially tested in two randomized phase I clinical studies. Vaccine Research Center study 304 (VRC 304) was a double-blinded study with 45 subjects randomized to placebo, 1 mg of vaccine, or 4 mg of vaccine treatment groups (n= 15/group) by intramuscular (i.m.) Biojector injection. VRC 305 was an open-label study to evaluate route, with 44 subjects randomized to intradermal (i.d.) injections of 0.5 mg by needle/syringe or by Biojector or 1 mg delivered as two 0.5-mg Biojector injections in the same deltoid or as 0.5 mg in each deltoid (n= 11/group). Injections were administered at weeks 0, 4, and 8 in both studies. Antibody responses to H5 were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neutralization assay, and the H5 T cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. There were no vaccine-related serious adverse events, and the vaccine was well tolerated in all groups. At 1 mg, i.d. vaccination compared to i.m. vaccination induced a greater frequency and magnitude of response by ELISA, but there were no significant differences in the frequency or magnitude of response between the i.d. and i.m. routes in the HAI or neutralization assays. T cell responses were more common in subjects who received the 1- or 4-mg dose i.m. These studies demonstrated that the DNA vaccine encoding H5 is safe and immunogenic and served to define the proper dose and route for further studies. The i.d. injection route did not offer a significant advantage over the i.m. route, and no difference was detected by delivery to one site versus splitting the dose between two sites for i.d. vaccine administration. The 4-mg dose (i.m) was further investigated in prime-boost regimens.
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Perkovic-Vukcevic, Natasa, Gordana Babic, Zoran Segrt, Gordana Vukovic-Ercegovic, Snezana Jankovic, and Ljubomir Acimovic. "Severe acute caffeine poisoning due to intradermal injections: Mesotherapy hazard." Vojnosanitetski pregled 69, no. 8 (2012): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1208707p.
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Introduction. Caffeine is indicated in the treatment of migraine headaches, as well as neonatal apnea and bradycardia syndrome. In mild poisoning, the most prevalent symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, anxiety and headache. In more severe cases, symptoms consist of heart rythym abnormalities, myocardial infarction and seizures. Due to its common lipolytic effect, caffeine is used in mesotherapy, usually in combination with drugs of similar effect. We presented a patient with acute iatrogenic caffeine poisoning. Case report. A 51-year-old woman, with preexisting hypertension and hypertensive cardiomyopathy was subjected to cosmetic treatment in order to remove fat by intradermal caffeine injections. During the treatment the patient felt sickness, an urge to vomit, and a pronounced deterioration of general condition. Upon examination, the patient exhibited somnolence, hypotension and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, which was sufficient enough evidence for further hospitalization. On admission to the intensive care unit the patient was anxious with increased heart rate, normotensive, with cold, damp skin, and visible traces of injection sites with surrounding hematomas on the anterior abdominal wall. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) on electrocardiographic monitoring was found. The laboratory analysis determined a lowered potassium level of 2.1 mmol/L (normal range 3,5 - 5.2 mmol/L), and a toxicological analysis (liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection) proved a toxic concentration of caffeine in plasma - 85.03 mg/L (toxic concentration over 25 mg/L). On application of intensive therapy, antiarrhythmics, and substitution of potassium, as well as both symptomatic and supportive therapy, there was a significant recovery. The patient was discharged without any sequele within four days. Conclusion. A presented rare iatrogenic acute caffeine poisoning occured due to massive absorption of caffeine from the subcutaneous adipose tissue into the circulation when injected directly into the tiny blood vessels, as evidenced by hematoma formation. Poisoning manifestations were registered in gastrointestinal, CNS (anxiety, somnolence) and cardiovascular (hypotension, ventricular tachycardia and nonsustained PSVT) system. In this era of mesotherapeutic treatment promotion, one should keep in mind toxic prevention, with application being carried out exclusively in a specialized institution
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Zhou, Bingrong, Felicia Permatasari, and Yang Xu. "Letter: A Convenient Technique for Multiple Equal-Depth Intradermal Injections." Dermatologic Surgery 38, no. 5 (May 2012): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02352.x.
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Rose, Lucy, Michela Paradiso, Jose Plaza, David M. O'Malley, and Brittany Dulmage. "Palisaded Neutrophilic and Granulomatous Dermatitis-Like Reaction Associated with Wilms Tumor 1 Protein-Derived Peptide Vaccine: A Case and Review of the Literature." Academic Dermatology 2, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ad.v2i1.9639.
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Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis (PNGD) is an inflammatory cutaneous reaction that is associated with underlying autoimmune diseases. In rare cases, PNGD has been attributed to systemic medications. Here we report one case of a cutaneous injection-site reaction that occurred after intradermal administration of an experimental Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) protein-derived peptide vaccine in a woman being treated for recurrent ovarian cancer. This is the first reported case of a PNGD-like reaction associated with immunotherapy injections. In this article, we discuss this case and summarize the literature related to the diagnosis and management of PNGD, as well as other injection site reactions related to immunotherapies and experimental vaccines.
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Kersschot J and Borms J. "Isotonic glucose injections for anterior knee pain: A clinical case study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0716.
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A case study is presented which gives insight into a new treatment modality for mild anterior knee pain of unidentified origin. This report describes a case of a 58-year-old patient who complained about non-traumatic knee pain for several months. She received local intradermal glucose 5% injections in the pain region every two weeks and was almost completely pain free after four sessions. Glucopuncture is a new term to describe regional glucose 5% (or dextrose 5%) injections into soft tissues such as dermis, muscles, tendons and ligaments. The goal of this technique is to replace steroid injections with glucose 5% injections in cases of mild non-rheumatic musculoskeletal pain.
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Yasnitsky, N. "On the action of salvarsan on warts. Siemens (Arch. für. Derm. u. Syph., 1922, Bd. 139)." Kazan medical journal 19, no. 1 (August 22, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj78738.
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The author suggests local application of neosalvarsan in the form of intradermal injections of its solutions (0.15:40 or 0.15:15 in saline solution) in the amount of 1-1 divisions of the Rravatz'ev syringe both into the wart itself and into the deeper underlying skin layers.