Academic literature on the topic 'Intralingual errors'

<p>This research aimed to identify types of translation errors and to find out the sources of errors (interlingual and intralingual errors) in Indonesian-English translation written by the students. The type of this research was descriptive research which used Error Analysis procedures to identify and analyze the students’ error. The findings showed that the types of grammatical errors made by the students in their translation were three types, namely global errors, local errors, and other errors. The most frequent error made by the students was local errors and the fewest error made by the students was other errors. Then, this research revealed that mostly errors occurred in students’ translation were caused by intralingual error. Meanwhile, only few errors were caused by interlingual error. The errors occured due students’ incomplete knowledge of the target language.</p>

<p class="abstrak"><em>This study aims to investigate the occurrence of errors committed by EFL learners in their composition in terms of interlingual and intralingual errors. The setting of the study was a state Islamic university in Banjarmasin South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The research participants were undergraduate students majoring in English Education. Data were collected </em><em>through</em><em> documentation of students’ composition and analyzed based on Corder’s Error Analysis (EA) theory. From the samples of 38 compositions submitted, it was identified that interlingual errors occurred more frequently than intralingual errors. Interlingual errors comprised morphological selection, lexical selection, syntactical selection, and misordering. Meanwhile, intralingual errors were evident in both omission and addition in the areas of word formation and syntax. The findings of this study revealed that first language interference caused more errors in writing than learners’ incomplete process of acquiring second language rules. To prevent the errors from being fossilized, it is suggested that in the teaching and learning process, language instructors provide continuous corrective feedback, and learners be more active in finding exposure to the correct form of the target language.</em><em></em></p><p class="StyleAuthorBold">Abstrak</p><p class="abstrak">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki terjadinya kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pembelajar bahasa asing dalam tulisan mereka yang berupa kesalahan interlingual dan intralingual. Penelitian dilakukan di sebuah universitas Islam negeri di Banjarmasin Kalimantan Selatan Indonesia. Partisipan penelitian adalah mahasiswa S1 jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Data diperoleh melalui dokumentasi hasil karangan mahasiswa yang kemudian dianalisa berdasarkan teori Error Analysis dari Corder. Sebanyak 38 sampel karangan mahasiswa dikumpulkan dan ditemukan bahwa kesalahan interlingual lebih banyak terjadi daripada kesalahan intralingual. Kesalahan interlingual berupa kesalahan dalam memilih kosa kata dan menyusun kalimat yang disebabkan oleh pengaruh bahasa asli. Sedangkan kesalahan intralingual berupa penghilangan atau penambahan yang tidak tepat pada bentuk kata atau bentuk kalimat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh bahasa asli yang menyebabkan kesalahan interlingual dalam tulisan terjadi lebih banyak daripada kesalahan intralingual. Untuk mencegah melekatnya kesalahan, disarankan agar dalam proses belajar mengajar guru dapat terus memberikan umpan balik, dan siswa harus lebih aktif dalam mencari contoh-contoh bentuk bahasa yang benar.</p><p class="abstrak"><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>kesalahan, interlingual, intralingual, karangan</p>

The current study investigates the interference of L1 (Indonesian) into L2 (English) and the errors that occur due to the influence of TL (target language). The focus of the study is on the errors committed by these EFL students in writing narrative text and emphasized on interlingual errors and intralingual errors. The objectives of the study are to investigate the errors committed by these EFL students in order to findout; (1) the types of interlingual errors and intralingual errors in Junior High School, Senior High School and University, (2) the frequencies of interlingual errors and intralingual errors in Junior High School, Senior High School and University, and (3) the similarities and differences of interlingual errors and intralingual errors in Junior High School, Senior High School and niversity. The researcher used Qualitative descriptive as the method design and writing test as the data collecting technique. The data was erroneous sentences found in the students’ narrative writing. The subjects of the study comprised 30 eight grade of SMP Muhammadiyah Pekalongan, East Lampung and 30 eleven grade SMKN 1 Pekalongan, East Lampung, and 30 fourth-year students of English Department of University of Muhammadiyah, Metro Lampung. The findings of the study suggest: (1) The types of interlingual errors andintralingual errors made by SMP, SMK and University students divided into 2 levels, they are morphological level and syntactical level. (2) the frequent of interlingual errors in Junior High School 36 cases (30.26%), in Vocation High School 39 cases (36.77%) and 9 cases (10.98%) in University. The frequent of intralingual errors in Junior High School 83 cases (69.74%), in Senior High School 70 cases (64.23%) and 73 cases (89.02%) in University, and (3) The similarities of interlingual errors and intralingual errors found in Junior High School, Vocation High School and University are 2 types. In morphological level, they are the use of L1 structures and omission of BE in nominal sentences. There are also 2 types in syntactical level, they are the use of present BE in past event and the use of present Verb in past event. The differencesof interlingual errors and intralingual errors found in SMP, SMK and University are (1) in SMP there are 8 types errors that found in the students’ writing, (2) 3 types of errors in SMK, and (3) 2 types of errors found in University.

The objective of this study is to find out the error types of writing verbs in students‟ discussion texts and to identify the factors causing verb errors at the fourth semester students of English major in University of Kuningan. The subject of this study is 20 students. The limitation of the problem is to classify the students‟ errors based on Linville„s error types in writing verbs, there are subject-verb agreement errors, verb tense errors, and verb form errors. This research is using qualitative method by collecting data from documents, questionnaires, and interviews. The result showed that the highest error which most students made is subject-verb agreement. Its frequency is 105 errors or 78.95 %. The second common error is verb form with 15 errors or 11.28 %. The third common error is verb-tense with 13 errors or 9.77 %. The factors causing verb errors are interlingual factor and intralingual or developmental factor. It is influenced by the students‟ lack of knowledge and understanding of the use of verbs.Key words: subject-verb agreement error, verb tense error, verb form error, interlingual factor, intralingual or developmental factor

Abstract: The errors cannot be separated from the students who learn English as their Foreign Language in writing skills. They always make error, especially in grammar term. It is because of the difference between the Indonesian and English grammatical pattern. The purposes of this study are to find out the grammatical errors based on Dulay, Burt and Krashen’s surface structure taxonomy that happen in students’ writing text in translating text from Indonesian to English especially in using simple present tense and to find the sources of errors. Mix method,qualitative and quantitative, is used as the method in this study. The data is taken from 20 students of the third-semester students in Stekom Semarang. This study found that misformation is the highest errors, 96 errors or 54,8% from the whole errors. Next, 40 errors or 22,8% for addition errors, 29 errors or 16,5% for omission errors and 10 errors or 5,71% for misordering errors from the whole errors. Intralingual factor is the most source of learner errors. There are 75% of errors that caused by intralingual factor and 25% errors are caused by interlanguage factors. Keywords: error analysis; grammatical error; translating text; simple present tense; stekom semarang.

Making mistakes when using conditional sentences is common for foreign language learners. Errors in this study are in accordance with the error classification surface strategy taxonomy, namely omission, addition, misform ation and misordering. The purposes of this study are to identify and to classify the types of error and to find the factors causing errors in the use of conditional sentences. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research method that is a case study with taxonomic analysis. Data collection techniques were carried out using test and interview. The research subject was third semester students of the English Language Education Study Program 2018/2019 of Pamane Talino College of Education in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan. The results show that 30.27% of students make omission errors, 21.11% addition errors, 34.86% misformation errors and 13.76% misordering errors. The factors that cause errors are found from the system's own target language (intralingual). The main error factors classified as intralingual errors in this study are: incomplete knowledge in verb forms, incomplete application of rules and false concept hypothesis.

Having good grammar is one of important components in the mastery of writing skills. However, grammatical errors still become an important problem in writing, especially for EFL students. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the major types of grammatical errors; and to know the major source of grammatical errors in students’ recount text writing. This study was designed as a descriptive qualitative study. Recount texts written by the eighth-grade students of SMP Pelangi Dharma Nusantara in academic year 2019/2020 were used as the research subjects of this study. The data were identified and analyzed using theory of error proposed by Dulay et al. (1982) about surface strategy taxonomy and theory of source of grammatical error proposed by Brown (2007)). The findings showed that the major type of grammatical errors was omission, with the total of 171 errors or 37. 33% of the total errors. Meanwhile, the major source of grammatical errors was intralingual transfer which the total result was 248 or 43.43% error. Thus, it can be concluded that the most frequent grammatical errors that happened among the subject was error of omission, while the most common source of errors was intralingual transfer.

This study set out to identify students’ intralingual errors in the essays written in French. The study adopted the ex-post facto design, using the content analysis technique. The population comprised 2,893 copies of descriptive essays written in French Language by year 3 junior secondary school students in the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) in 2015, 2016 and 2017 in Imo State. The sample of 228 essays was selected through stratified, purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques. The three instruments for the study were the question papers on French Language, the students’ answer scripts and a researcher-designed Checklist of Intralingual Errors for Learning French (CIELF). The data from the error analysis were subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the research question that guided the study was answered in percentages. The results showed that the students committed eight intralingual errors, which include overgeneralization, omission, addition, simplification of parts of speech, misinformation, agreement, verb forms and mechanical errors. Part of the recommendations is for teachers of French to build language instructions on students’ prior knowledge and experiences, thereby making French languagelearning to be real and interesting to the students.

The current study aims to investigate the influence of interlingual and intralingual interference as sources of the errors of past and perfect tenses. The former refers to the errors generated by the negative effect of EFL learners' mother tongue as they try to bridge certain linguistic gabs. The latter, however, is pertaining to the errors produced by the target language itself as learners progressed in the learning process and face difficulties to employ the large amount of knowledge they have just acquired. The participants chosen are EFL Saudi Undergraduates whose academic specialisation is English. The result of the study showed that there was statistically significant difference between intralingual interference strategy and first language negative transfer as sources of errors of the past and present perfect tenses. This result revealed that the participants have reached a linguistic stage where the diverse rules of the target language itself create confusion for learners. The intralingual interference led the participants to making errors in the simple past, the past progressive, and the past perfect far more than when using L1 negative transfer strategy. While the first language negative transfer led the participants to committing errors in the present perfect progressive tense more so than when using the intralingual interference strategy. This result simply indicated that the difference in timeframe between Arabic and English led to significant number of errors which the students often transfer from their native language.

Abstract This research aimed to find out the common errors of word order especially in using verb, to be, and noun phrase in writing incident report emails made by Kids club Sofitel staffs. The problem statement of this research was “what are the types and the sources of error on the use of simple past tense in Kids club incident reports by email writing”. The objective of this research was to find out the types and the sources of errors that often occurred in the use of simple past tense in incident reports made by Kids club Sofitel staffs. To analyze the data, the researcher used descriptive qualitative method and used error analysis procedure to make clear explanation. The error collected was classified based on Dulay Strategy Taxonomy. The participants of this study consist of five staffs from Kids club Sofitel Bali Nusa Dua. By this analysis, the researcher found errors as follows: there were 132 errors were found in the staff’s incident reports. The total errors of Omission were 64 errors, Addition were 5 errors and Mis-formation were 63 errors and also 109 errors of Intralingual transfer and 23 errors of Interlingual transfer. So could be concluded that the most of error found was Omission and lowest of error found was Addition and the most of sources of error was Intralingual transfer. Keywords: Error Analysis, Simple Past Tense, E-mail. Abstrak Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan umum urutan kata terutama dalam menggunakan kata kerja, menjadi, dan frasa kata benda dalam menulis email laporan kejadian yang dibuat oleh staf Kids club Sofitel. Pernyataan masalah dari penelitian ini adalah "apa jenis dan sumber kesalahan tentang penggunaan simple past tense dalam laporan insiden Kids club dengan menulis email". Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis dan sumber kesalahan yang sering terjadi dalam penggunaan simple past tense dalam laporan insiden yang dibuat oleh staf Kids club Sofitel. Untuk menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan prosedur analisis kesalahan untuk membuat penjelasan yang jelas. Kesalahan yang dikumpulkan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan Dulay Strategy Taxonomy. Peserta penelitian ini terdiri dari lima staf dari Kids club Sofitel Bali Nusa Dua. Dengan analisis ini, peneliti menemukan kesalahan sebagai berikut: ada 132 kesalahan ditemukan dalam laporan insiden staf. Total kesalahan Kelalaian adalah 64 kesalahan, Penambahan 5 kesalahan dan Kesalahan informasi adalah 63 kesalahan dan juga 109 kesalahan transfer Intralingual dan 23 kesalahan transfer Interlingual. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar kesalahan yang ditemukan adalah Kelalaian dan kesalahan terendah yang ditemukan adalah Penambahan dan sebagian besar sumber kesalahan adalah transfer Intralingual. Kata kunci: Analisis Kesalahan, Simple Past Tense, E-mail.

In this quantitative study, time controlled written English compositions by 39 Chinese university majors of English were analyzed by means of Error Analysis (EA) in order to find out what grammatical errors were made. It investigates errors made by more than one fifth of the participants, in order to see whether they can be ascribed to either interlingual or intralingual influence. An error taxonomy based on previous research was created specifically for the errors encountered in the EA. The following grammatical errors were analyzed in the error analysis: article errors, noun number errors, prepositions errors, and verb errors. The results of the error analysis showed that while Chinese learners of English make mistakes due to both interlingual and intralingual influence, the vast majority are due to interlingual influence. These findings strengthen previous notions that when the target language belongs to another language family than the L1, errors are due more often to interlingual influence (also referred to as negative transfer) than to intralingual influence.
I den här kvantitativa studien har en felanalys gjorts på tidskontrollerade engelskuppsatser skrivna av 39 kinesiska universitetsstudenter med engelska som huvudämne. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilka typer av grammatiska fel som är vanligast. Den undersöker vilka fel som är frekventa hos studenterna och om de kan hänföras till förstaspråks- eller målspråksinterferens. En felanalys baserad på tidigare forskning utarbetades specifikt för de kategorier som påträffades i felanalysen. Följande grammatiska fel analyserades: artikelfel, fel i substantivets singular- och pluralform, prepositionsfel och verbfel. Resultaten visade att medan kinesiska studenter tenderar att göra misstag som är grundade i både förstaspråks- och målspråksinterferens, så beror de flesta felen på förstaspråksinterferens. De här resultaten styrker tidigare forskning som visar att när målspråket tillhör en annan språkfamilj än förstaspråket, uppstår felen oftare på grund av förstaspråksinterferens (även kallat negativ transfer) än av målspråksinterferens.

Grammar is an important aspect of language learning and is thus of concern in language teaching as well. This study sets out to investigate the kinds of grammatical mistakes Swedish secondary school pupils make in their written production of English and the possible causes behind these different mistakes. Forty essays from pupils in year nine have been used to study the phenomenon of frequently occurring mistakes and their causes, and the salient mistakes have been quantatively and qualitatively accounted for in the study.      Common mistakes found in the material were subject-verb concord mistakes, mistakes involving plural nouns, incorrect article usage as well as problems using prepositions correctly. Interlingual transfer, i.e. negative transfer from the pupils’ L1, proved to be one significant factor causing mistakes in the material. However, other causes could be traced as well, such as intralingual transfer for example.      Consequently, the findings of this study point in the direction of areas which need specific attention in English L2 learning in Swedish classrooms. Thus, the study contributes with valuable insights for English teacher and teacher trainees to consider in their future practice.

Cette thèse a pour objectif l’analyse des erreurs linguistiques commises dans les productions orales et écrites par les étudiants de l’arabe langue seconde / étrangère aux niveaux A1 et A2 à l’Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB). Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons utilisé trois techniques : - tout d’abord, nous avons constitué un questionnaire adressé aux étudiants afin de recueillir des informations sur le public visé par cette étude ; - ensuite, nous avons constitué un corpus composé de 51 productions orales, 34 au niveau A1 et 17 au niveau A2 ; - enfin, nous avons constitué un corpus de 51 productions écrites (34 productions écrites au niveau A1 et 17 au niveau A2), rédigées lors de l’examen final du second semestre de l’année universitaire 2014-2016. Étant donné la nature de la recherche, nous avons utilisé une méthode statistique et analytique, cette dernière est fondée sur trois étapes : 1) la collecte des données de productions orales et écrites, l’identification, la définition, le classement et la description des erreurs, 2) l’explication des sources d’erreurs, 3) la remédiation et les propositions des pistes didactiques pour minimiser les erreurs dans les productions orales et écrites de nos étudiants et améliorer l’enseignement / apprentissage de l’arabe langue seconde / étrangère en France. Les résultats de la recherche ont montré que les principales catégories d’erreurs dans l’ordre sont de natures phonologiques/orthographiques, lexico-sémantiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques. Les principaux types d’erreurs sont les erreurs de substitution, d’omission, d’addition et d’ordre. Enfin, deux sources d’erreurs sont apparues : les erreurs intralinguales et les erreurs interlinguales. Compte tenu des résultats de l’étude, nous avons proposé une correction d’erreurs avec la méthode verbo-tonale basée sur trois techniques : une correction fondée sur l’intonation et la durée des voyelles, une correction de la prononciation nuancée et une correction de la prononciation combinatoire. Pour conclure, nous avons proposé trois pistes didactiques visant à minimiser ces erreurs. La première est une proposition phonologique basée sur l’écoute ; la seconde, une proposition axée sur l’enseignement de la morphologie ; la troisième une proposition fondée sur les contenus linguistiques qui tiennent compte du caractère polyglossique de la langue arabe
The goal of this thesis is to analyse linguistic errors made by Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB) students of Arabic as a secondary / foreign language with levels A1 and A2 in oral and written utterances. For that purpose, I resorted to three techniques: - firstly, I prepared a questionnaire for these students in order to collect data on the targets of this study; - I then elaborated a corpus made up of 51 oral utterances, 34 with level A1 and 17 with level A2; - lastly, I formed a corpus made up of 51 written utterances (34 written utterances with level A1 and 17 with level A2), drawn up on the occasion of the second semester final exam of the 2014-2016 academic year. Due to the nature of this research, I resorted to a statistical and analytical method, the latter being based upon three stages: 1) collecting oral and written utterance data, identifying, defining, classifying and describing errors, 2) explaining the sources of errors, 3) solving errors and suggesting didactical possibilities to minimise these students’ errors in oral and written utterances and improving the teaching / learning of Arabic as a secondary / foreign language in France. The results of this research revealed that the main categories of errors are of phonological/orthographic, lexico-semantic, morphological and syntactic natures respectively. The main types of errors are substitution, omission, addition and order. Finally, two sources of errors appeared: intralingual errors and interlingual errors. Considering this study results, I suggested using the verbo-tonal method based on three techniques to correct errors: correction based on the intonation and length of vowels, correction of nuanced pronunciation and correction of combinatorial pronunciation. In conclusion, I suggested three didactical solutions aiming at minimising those errors. The first one is a phonological proposition based on listening; the second one is a proposition centred on teaching morphology; the third one is proposition based on linguistical contents taking the polyglossic feature of the Arabic language into account

Based on the examiners’ reports of the University of Cambridge on the shortcomings of the students of form V (school certificate level) in Arabic language in the international examinations of year 2008 and 2009 and on the proposals and recommendations therein, the researcher started this research work to address the difficulties faced by students in Arabic language in the grammatical rules when writing essays and in translation from Arabic to English and vice versa in form V (school certificate level) and chose Doha Academy (secondary department) in Mauritius as model. The research work in fact confirmed the errors of students in the grammatical rules after analyzing the examination scripts of the mock examinations run at the school during the year 2009 and 2010 and the researcher came to know about the causes of errors which were also confirmed by means of a questionnaire distributed to the students at this level. The researcher’s interviews with the male and female teachers of Arabic language at School certificate level on the issue were of great benefits and they in fact made mention of the grammatical errors which the researcher came across in the mock examinations’ scripts after close study and analysis. The researcher also considered the importance of the contrastive analysis between Arabic and English due to its effect in learning Arabic as a second language. ط After analysis of the questionnaire and interviews, the researcher came across a number of important issues which he mentioned in details among the results which he concluded. The researcher concluded that most of the errors in grammar are due to the influence of the English language on the Arabic language through linguistic interference, transfer of experience, generalization, as well as errors related to the target language itself like hypercorrection and intralingual phenomenon etc. And that the errors found in translation are caused mainly because of lack of Arabic vocabularies as well as literal translation and a lack of fluency and confidence in using Arabic structures and grammar. Finally, the researcher mentioned a number of recommendations and suggestions which he considers to be a priority and should be executed if we really wish to eliminate difficulties and problems in the process of teaching and learning of the Arabic language at this level and to see the progress of this language in this island.
على (university of Cambridge) بناء على ما قدمّت جامعة كمبرج قصور الطلبة في اللغة العربية في امتحانات كمبرج الدولية للصف الخامس الثانوية للعامين 8002 8002 م، ومن اقتراحات وتوصيات انطلق الباحث في هذا البحث ليتناول الصعوبات التي – يواجهها طلاب اللغة العربية فيما يتعلق بالقواعد عند كتابة المقالات وفي الترجمة من العربية إلى الانجليزية والعكس وذلك في الصف الخامس الثانوي في جمهورية موريشيوس م اختيار أكاديمية الدوحة في موريشيوس نموذجا. لقد أشار البحث فعلا إلى أخطاء الطلاب والطالبات بعد تحليل أوراق إجابات لامتحانين 8000 م كما - في اللغة العربية أُجرِيا في الأكاديمية في العامين 8002 (mock exams) تجريبيين تعرّف الباحث على أسباب الأخطاء التي أكّدها الاستبيان الموزّع على طلاب هذا المستوى. وكانت لمقابلات الباحث م مدرسي ومدرسات هذا المستوى حول القضية ثمراتها حيث أكّدت كذلك ما وجدها الباحث من الأخطاء في النحو والصرف في أوراق إجابات الأمتحان بعد الدراسة والتحليل. رأى الباحث كذلك أهمية التحليل التقابلي بين العربية والانجليزية لتأثير هذه الأخيرة في تعلّم الطلبة اللغة العربية كلغة ثانية. بعد تحليل الاستبيان والمقابلات وصل الباحث إلى عدد من القضايا المهمة وذكرها بالتفصيل في النتائج في آخر البحث. وصل الباحث إلى أن اكثر الأخطاء ترج إلى تأثير اللغة الانجليزية على اللغة العربية تتمثل في التداخل اللغوي ونقل الخبرة والتعميم السلبي كما أن هناك أخطاء تتعلق باللغة اهمدف كالمبالغة في التصويب وتداخل اللغة نفسها. وترج الأخطاء في الترجمة أساسا إلى النقص في المفردات العربية، فضلا عن الترجمة الحرفية وعدم الطلاقة والثقة في استخدام التراكيب العربية والتدقيق النحوي. وأخيرا ذكر الباحث عددا من التوصيات والاقتراحات التي يعتبرها من الأولويات والضروريات ا ولتي يوصي بتنفيذها إذا أُريد بالفعل القضاء على الصعوبات والمشكلات في تعليم اللغة العربية وتعلمه وتقدم هذه اللغة في هذه الجزيرة.
Religious Sudies & Arabic
D.Litt. et Phil. (Arabic)

This chapter analyses learners' writing errors. It focuses on error types and sources because these will reveal learners' current linguistic competence and what they need now for improvement. Data was collected mainly from the written work of English Department students at Al Buraimi University College. Results show that their errors are both interlingual and intralingual and that there is a positive relationship between these and learning strategies. Not only does the learners' previous language-learning experience influence the process of second language acquisition; target language learning experience does so as well.