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1

Pritchard, Janet M., Sarah Karampatos, Karen A. Beattie, Lora M. Giangregorio, George Ioannidis, Stephanie A. Atkinson, Lehana Thabane, et al. "The Relationship between Intramuscular Adipose Tissue, Functional Mobility, and Strength in Postmenopausal Women with and without Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of Aging Research 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/872726.

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Objectives. To determine (1) whether intramuscular adipose tissue (IntraMAT) differs between women with and without type 2 diabetes and (2) the association between IntraMAT and mobility and strength.Methods. 59 women ≥ 65 years with and without type 2 diabetes were included. A 1-Tesla MRI was used to acquire images of the leg. Timed-up-and-go (TUG) and grip strength were measured. Regression was used to determine associations between the following: (1) type 2 diabetes and IntraMAT (covariates: age, ethnicity, BMI, waist : hip ratio, and energy expenditure), (2) IntraMAT and TUG (covariates: diabetes, age, BMI, and energy expenditure), and (3) IntraMAT and grip strength (covariates: diabetes, age, height, and lean mass).Results. Women with diabetes had more IntraMAT. After adjustment, IntraMAT was similar between groups (diabetes mean [SD] = 13.2 [1.4]%, controls 11.8 [1.3]%,P=0.515). IntraMAT was related to TUG and grip strength, but the relationships became nonsignificant after adjustment for covariates (difference/percent IntraMAT [95% CI]: TUG = 0.041 seconds [−0.079–0.161],P=0.498, grip strength = −0.144 kg [−0.335–0.066],P=0.175).Conclusions. IntraMAT alone may not be a clinically important predictor of functional mobility and strength; however, whether losses in functional mobility and strength are promoted by IntraMAT accumulation should be explored.
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2

Chen, Lihan, and Xiaolin Zhou. "Capture of Intermodal Visual/Tactile Apparent Motion by Moving and Static Sound." Seeing and Perceiving 24, no. 4 (2011): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847511x584434.

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AbstractApparent motion can occur within a particular modality or between modalities, in which a visual or tactile stimulus at one location is perceived as moving towards the location of the subsequent tactile or visual stimulus. Intramodal apparent motion has been shown to be affected or 'captured' by information from another, task-irrelevant modality, as in spatial or temporal ventriloquism. Here we investigate whether and how intermodal apparent motion is affected by motion direction cues or temporal interval information from a third modality. We demonstrated that both moving and asynchronous static sounds can capture intermodal (visual–tactile and tactile–visual) apparent motion; moreover, while the auditory direction cues have less impact upon the perception of intramodal visual apparent motion than upon the perception of intramodal tactile or intermodal visual/tactile apparent motion, the auditory temporal information has equivalent impacts upon both intramodal and intermodal apparent motion. These findings suggest intermodal apparent motion is susceptible to the influence of dynamic or static auditory information in similar ways as intramodal visual or tactile apparent motion.
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3

Couvillon, P. A., Lianne Arakaki, and M. E. bitterman. "Intramodal blocking in honeybees." Animal Learning & Behavior 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03199085.

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4

Razumiejczyk, Eugenia, Guillermo Macbeth, and J. Fernando Adrover. "Priming Intramodal e Intermodal: un Estudio Gustativo-Visual." Revista de Investigación en Psicología 11, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rinvp.v11i1.3876.

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El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el priming intramodal del gusto e intermodal entre el gusto y la visión. Los datos mostraron una facilitación en el reconocimiento de los estímulos estudiados en relación con los estímulos nuevos en el experimento de priming intramodal. En el experimento de priming intermodal, el reconocimiento de los estímulos estudiados no se diferenció significativamente del reconocimiento de los estímulos nuevos. En ambos estudios, los resultados mostraron que el tiempo de procesamiento requerido para los estímulos estudiados es menor que para los estímulos nuevos, y se observó una correlación inversa entre esta variable y el reconocimiento. Se concluye la presencia de priming intramodal del gusto e intermodal entre el gusto y la visión.
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5

Laufer, Y., and S. Hocherman. "Visual and Kinesthetic Control of Goal-Directed Movements to Visually and Kinesthetically Presented Targets." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3_suppl (June 1998): 1375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3c.1375.

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The study investigated the contribution of kinesthetic and visual input to the performance of reaching movements and identified rules governing the transformation of information between these two sensory modalities. The study examined the accuracy by which 39 subjects reproduced locations of five targets in a horizontal plane. Mode of target presentation and feedback during reproduction of a target's location was either visual, kinesthetic or a combination of both modalities. Thus, it was possible to examine performance when target presentation and reproduction involved feedback from the same sensory modality (intramodal) as well as from different sensory modalities (intermodal). Errors in target reproduction were calculated in terms of distance and systematic biases in movement extent. The major findings of the study are (1) Intramodal reproduction of a target's location on the basis of kinesthetic feedback is somewhat less accurate than intramodal reproduction on the basis of visual feedback. (2) Intermodal performance is significantly less accurate than intramodal performance. (3) Accuracy of performance does not depend on the direction of information transfer between sensory modalities. (4) Intermodal performance is characterized by systematic biases in extent of movement which are dependent on the direction of information transfer between modalities. (5) When presentation of the target's location is bimodal, reproduction is adversely affected by the conflicting input. The results suggest that transformation rules, used to combine input from various sensory modalities, depend on environmental conditions and attention.
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6

Roeder, Brigitte, Birthe Pagel, and Tobias Heed. "The development of intramodal and crossmodal temporal order judgments." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648314.

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The use of spatial stimulus features seems to facilitate both intramodal and crossmodal temporal order judgments (TOJ). For example, TOJ between two tactile stimuli are easier when the two stimulated hands are held far apart rather than close together (Shore et al., 2005), suggesting automatic coding of tactile location in external coordinates. Similarly, performing a TOJ between two stimuli from different modalities is easier when the two stimuli are separated in space (Spence et al., 2003). We have previously shown that use of spatial features for intramodal TOJ becomes evident by the age of six years (Pagel et al., 2009). Here, we tested whether the advantage of spatial separation in crossmodal comparisons is observable at the same age. Fifty-nine children between 4 and 12 years as well as 13 young adults performed a modality TOJ task for simple tactile and visual stimuli. Stimuli were presented either within the same or in different hemifields. Spatial separation improved TOJ performance only for children aged 10 years and older. However, crossmodal TOJ performance was worse than intramodal TOJ performance starting at the age of 6 years. Crossmodal TOJ performance comparable to adults was not observed before the age of 12 years. We speculate that the ability to redundantly code sensory input in modality-specific and supramodal (external) spatial coordinates facilitates intramodal temporal processing. Further refinement of the processes providing external spatial coordinates (e.g., touch remapping) then results in integrated use of space and time allowing for more precise assignment of sensory inputs to the same or to different events.
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7

Shapiro, Martin S., and M. E. Bitterman. "Intramodal competition for attention in honeybees." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 5, no. 2 (June 1998): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03212960.

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8

Latha, Y. L. Malathi, and Munaga V. N. K. Prasad. "Intramodal palmprint recognition using texture feature." International Journal of Intelligent Systems Design and Computing 1, no. 1/2 (2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisdc.2017.082858.

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Latha, Y. L. Malathi, and Munaga V. N. K. Prasad. "Intramodal palmprint recognition using texture feature." International Journal of Intelligent Systems Design and Computing 1, no. 1/2 (2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijisdc.2017.10003783.

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10

Prasad, S. M., P. S. Sathidevi, and V. K. Govindan. "Image quality augmented intramodal palmprint authentication." IET Image Processing 6, no. 6 (August 1, 2012): 668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2011.0085.

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11

Burkhart, T. L., J. K. Kim, J. S. Hammersley, W.-J. Lee, M. H. Whaley, and L. A. Kaminsky. "INTRAMODAL RELIABILITY OF PERCEPTUALLY-BASED EXERCISE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (May 1999): S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-00647.

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Drobne, Samo, and Mitja Lakner. "Intramax and other objective functions: The case of Slovenia." Moravian Geographical Reports 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2016-0007.

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Abstract The use of different objective functions in hierarchical aggregation procedures is examined in this paper. Specifically, we analyse the use of the original Intramax objective function, the sum-of-flows objective function, the sum-of-proportions-to-intra-regional-flows objective function, Smart’s weighted interaction index, the first and second CURDS weighted interaction indices, and Tolbert and Killian’s interaction index. The results of the functional regionalisation have been evaluated by self-containment statistics, and they show that the use of the original Intramax procedure tends to delineate operationally the most persuasive and balanced regions that, regarding the intra-regional flows, homogeneously cover the analysed territory. The other objective functions give statistically better but operationally less suitable results. Functional regions modelled using the original Intramax procedure were compared to the regions at NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 levels, as well as to administrative units in Slovenia. We conclude that there are some promising directions for further research on functional regionalisation using hierarchical aggregation procedures.
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13

Giannaris, E. Lela, Thomas A. Cleland, and Christiane Linster. "Intramodal blocking between olfactory stimuli in rats." Physiology & Behavior 75, no. 5 (April 2002): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00664-9.

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14

Hanada, G. M., J. Ahveninen, F. J. Calabro, A. Yengo-Kahn, and L. M. Vaina. "Cross-Modal Cue Effects in Motion Processing." Multisensory Research 32, no. 1 (2019): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-20181313.

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Abstract The everyday environment brings to our sensory systems competing inputs from different modalities. The ability to filter these multisensory inputs in order to identify and efficiently utilize useful spatial cues is necessary to detect and process the relevant information. In the present study, we investigate how feature-based attention affects the detection of motion across sensory modalities. We were interested to determine how subjects use intramodal, cross-modal auditory, and combined audiovisual motion cues to attend to specific visual motion signals. The results showed that in most cases, both the visual and the auditory cues enhance feature-based orienting to a transparent visual motion pattern presented among distractor motion patterns. Whereas previous studies have shown cross-modal effects of spatial attention, our results demonstrate a spread of cross-modal feature-based attention cues, which have been matched for the detection threshold of the visual target. These effects were very robust in comparisons of the effects of valid vs. invalid cues, as well as in comparisons between cued and uncued valid trials. The effect of intramodal visual, cross-modal auditory, and bimodal cues also increased as a function of motion-cue salience. Our results suggest that orienting to visual motion patterns among distracters can be facilitated not only by intramodal priors, but also by feature-based cross-modal information from the auditory system.
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15

Drobne, Samo, and Mitja Lakner. "Use of Constraints in the Hierarchical Aggregation Procedure Intramax." Business Systems Research Journal 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsrj-2016-0009.

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AbstractBackground:Intramax is a hierarchical aggregation procedure for dealing with the multi-level specification problem and with the association issue of data set reduction, but it was used as a functional regionalization procedure many times in the past.Objectives:In this paper, we analyse the simultaneous use of three different constraints in the original Intramax procedure, i.e. the contiguity constraint, the higher-inner-flows constraint, and the lower-variation-of-inner-flows constraint.Methods/Approach:The inclusion of constraints in the Intramax procedure was analysed by a programme code developed in Mathematica 10.3 by the processing time, by intra-regional shares of total flows, by self-containment indexes, by numbers of singleton and isolated regions, by the number of aggregation steps where a combination of constraints was applied, by the number of searching steps until the combination of constraints was satisfied, and by surveying the results geographically.Results:The use of the contiguity constraint is important only at the beginning of the aggregation procedure; the higher-inner-flows constraint gives singleton regions, and the lower-variation constraint forces the biggest employment centre as an isolated region up to a relatively high level of aggregation.Conclusions:The original Intramax procedure (without the inclusion of any constraint) gives the most balanced and operative hierarchical sets of functional regions without any singletons or isolated regions.
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Frohlich, Markham, and Barbara B. Flynn. "Intramodal Supply Chain Chokepoints: An Agency Theory Perspective." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 11032. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.11032abstract.

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17

Molina, Michèle, and François Jouen. "Haptic intramodal comparison of texture in human neonates." Developmental Psychobiology 42, no. 4 (May 2003): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.10111.

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18

Zhou, Nan, Junping Du, Zhe Xue, Chong Liu, and Jinxuan Li. "Cross-Modal Search for Social Networks via Adversarial Learning." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2020 (July 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7834953.

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Cross-modal search has become a research hotspot in the recent years. In contrast to traditional cross-modal search, social network cross-modal information search is restricted by data quality for arbitrary text and low-resolution visual features. In addition, the semantic sparseness of cross-modal data from social networks results in the text and visual modalities misleading each other. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal search method for social network data that capitalizes on adversarial learning (cross-modal search with adversarial learning: CMSAL). We adopt self-attention-based neural networks to generate modality-oriented representations for further intermodal correlation learning. A search module is implemented based on adversarial learning, through which the discriminator is designed to measure the distribution of generated features from intramodal and intramodal perspectives. Experiments on real-word datasets from Sina Weibo and Wikipedia, which have similar properties to social networks, show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art cross-modal search methods.
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19

Cowden, Jo E., and Carol C. Torrey. "Sensory Integration in Developmentally Delayed Preschool Children." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1986): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.3.1.22.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate performance of developmentally delayed preschoolers on intramodal and intermodal matching tasks in the visual and haptic modalities. The performance of these preschoolers was compared with the learning profile of handicapped children. Further analysis determined the relationship between performance on intra- and intermodal matching tasks and scores on visual motor integration and cognitive matching. Eighteen developmentally delayed preschoolers from ages 3.4 years to 5.11 were involved in four matching conditions: visual-visual, haptic-haptic (intramodal), visual-haptic, and haptic-visual (intermodal). Results of this study indicated that accuracy in all modalities increased as chronological age increased. The learning profile of developmentally delayed preschoolers differed from that of nonhandicapped children: the delayed children scored highest on the haptic-visual task, with the visual-haptic and visual-visual scores only slightly lower, but the haptic-haptic scores markedly lower. No meaningful relationship was apparent between performance in the four modalities and cognitive matching and visual motor integration.
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20

Bottari, Davide, Sophie Rohlf, Marlene Hense, Boukje Habets, and Brigitte Roeder. "Intramodal and crossmodal refractory effects: Evidence from oscillatory brain activity." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648215.

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Event-related potentials (ERP) to the second stimulus of a pair are known to be reduced in amplitude. The magnitude of this ‘refractoriness’ is modulated by both the interstimulus interval and the similarity between the two stimuli. Intramodal refractoriness is interpreted as an index of a temporary decrement in neural responsiveness. So, cross-modal refractoriness might be an indicator of shared neural generators between modalities. We analysed oscillatory neuronal activity while participants were engaged in an oddball paradigm with auditory (4000 Hz, 50 ms-long, 90 db, bilateral) and tactile stimuli (50 ms-long, 125 Hz-vibrations, index fingers) presented in a random order with an ISI of either 1000 or 2000 ms. Participants were required to detect rare tactile (middle fingers) and auditory deviants (600 Hz). A time–frequency analysis of the brain response to the second stimulus of each pair (T-T, A-A, T-A and A-T) contrasting Short and Long ISIs revealed a reduced refractory effect after Long ISI with respect to Short ISI, in all pairs (both intramodal and cross-modal). This emerged as a broadly distributed increase of evoked theta activity (3–7 Hz, 100–500 ms). Only in intramodal tactile pairs and cross-modal tactile-auditory pairs we also observed that Long ISI with respect to Short ISI determined a decrease of induced alpha (8–12 Hz, 200–700 ms), a typical sign of enhanced neural excitability and thus decreased refractoriness. These data suggest that somatosensory and auditory cortices display different neural markers of refractoriness and that the auditory cortex might have a stronger low level degree of influence on the tactile cortex than vice-versa.
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21

Liu, Rongfang, Ram M. Pendyala, and Steven Polzin. "Simulation of the Effects of Intermodal Transfer Penalties on Transit Use." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1623, no. 1 (January 1998): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1623-12.

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In recent times, the planning, analysis, and design of intermodal transfer facilities have been receiving increasing attention as planners attempt to overhaul public transportation systems that are losing ground to the ubiquitous automobile. However, recent research indicates that modeling tools currently used in practice do not adequately account for the effects of transfer penalties on transit ridership and network performance. In an attempt to fill this research need, transit system performance is simulated under different scenarios of intermodal and intramodal transfers. Using a controlled experimental design, transit ridership and system performance are simulated within a traditional four-step travel modeling framework assuming a variety of network configurations characterized by different transfer scenarios. Results show that the presence of a transfer on a transit line can substantially reduce transit ridership and that the extent of this reduction is highly dependent on the type of transfer encountered, that is, whether the transfer is intermodal (across different modes) or intramodal (within the same mode). The implications of the study results on the planning of intermodal transit systems are discussed in detail.
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22

Kurien, Sajan, Paickattumana Suresh Kumar, Nerukavil Varieth Kamalam, and Pallacken Abdul Wahid. "Intermat and intramat competition in banana studied using32P." Fruits 61, no. 4 (July 2006): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2006020.

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23

K, Krishneswari, and Arumugam S. "INTRAMODAL FEATURE FUSION BASED ON PSO FOR PALMPRINT AUTHENTICATION." ICTACT Journal on Image and Video Processing 02, no. 04 (May 1, 2012): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijivp.2012.0062.

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24

Rodier, S., J. P. Euzet, Y. Gahery, and J. Paillard. "Crossmodal versus intramodal evaluation of the knee joint angle." Human Movement Science 10, no. 6 (December 1991): 689–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(91)90023-q.

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Celen, Aydın, and Ekrem Kalkan. "Türkiye ve Avrupa Arası Yük Taşımacılığı Pazarında İntermodal ve İntramodal Rekabet Analizi." Gazi Journal of Economics and Business 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2018.4.2.001.

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26

Kerr, Robert. "Intersensory Integration: A Kinesthetic Bias." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3 (December 1994): 1068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3.1068.

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Four groups of five subjects performed intramodal and cross-modal matching tasks. The stimuli to be matched were four positions of a moveable intercept presented either visually or kinesthetically. Performance was studied before and after a practice session during which only one matching combination was practiced and knowledge of results was given. Only groups receiving kinesthetic information during practice trials showed improvement.
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Guo, Xin, Song Wang, Yun Tie, Lin Qi, and Ling Guan. "Joint intermodal and intramodal correlation preservation for semi-paired learning." Pattern Recognition 81 (September 2018): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2018.03.013.

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Bottini, Gabriella, Stefano F. Cappa, Roberto Sterzi, and Luigi A. Vignolo. "Intramodal somaesthetic recognition disorders following right and left hemisphere damage." Brain 118, no. 2 (1995): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/118.2.395.

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Palmieri, Luca, and Andrea Galtarossa. "Intramodal Dispersion Properties of Step-Index Few-Mode Spun Fibers." Journal of Lightwave Technology 34, no. 2 (January 15, 2016): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2015.2505058.

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Rodhe, P. "Intramodal part of the transfer function for an optical fiber." Journal of Lightwave Technology 3, no. 1 (1985): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1985.1074150.

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Spence, Charles, Valerio Santangelo, Cristy Ho, and Marta Olivetti Belardinelli. "Assessing the automaticity of intramodal and crossmodal spatial attentional orienting." Cognitive Processing 7, S1 (August 4, 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-006-0038-x.

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Drobne, Samo. "The quality of functional regionalisation by using CURDS and Intramax methods at the macro level: a case study for Slovenia." Geodetski vestnik 64, no. 01 (2020): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2020.01.13-32.

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Hellström, Åke, and Caroline Cederström. "Intramodal and crossmodal pairing and anchoring in comparisons of successive stimuli." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 76, no. 4 (March 7, 2014): 1197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0635-1.

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Azari, Leila, Giovanna Mioni, Robert Rousseau, and Simon Grondin. "An analysis of the processing of intramodal and intermodal time intervals." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 1473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01900-7.

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Sigurdsson, Helgi, Oleksandr Kyriienko, Kevin Dini, and Timothy C. H. Liew. "All-to-All Intramodal Condensate Coupling by Multifrequency Excitation of Polaritons." ACS Photonics 6, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01017.

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Hense, Marlene, Boukje Habets, and Brigitte Roeder. "Recovery periods of event-related potentials indicating crossmodal interactions between the visual, auditory and tactile system." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647478.

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In sequential unimodal stimulus designs the time it takes for an event-related potential (ERP)-amplitude to recover is often interpreted as a transient decrement in responsiveness of the generating cortical circuits. This effect has been called neural refractoriness, which is the larger the more similar the repeated stimuli are and thus indicates the degree of overlap between the neural generator systems activated by two sequential stimuli. We hypothesize that crossmodal refractoriness-effects in a crossmodal sequential design might be a good parameter to assess the ‘modality overlap’ in the involved neural generators and the degree of crossmodal interaction. In order to investigate crossmodal ERP refractory period effects we presented visual and auditory (Experiment 1) and visual and tactile stimuli (Experiment 2) with inter stimulus intervals of 1 and 2 s to adult participants. Participants had to detect rare auditory and visual stimuli. Both, intra- and crossmodal ISI effects for all modalities were found for three investigated ERP-deflections (P1, N1, P2). The topography of the crossmodal refractory period effect of the N1- and P2-deflections in Experiment 1 and of P1 and N1 in Experiment 2 of both modalities was similar to the corresponding intramodal refractory effect, yet more confined and crossmodal effects were generally weaker. The crossmodal refractory effect for the visual P1, however, had a distinct, less circumscribed topography with respect to the intramodal effect. These results suggest that ERP refractory effects might be a promising indicator of the neural correlates of crossmodal interactions.
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Knorr, Andreas, and Andreas Lueg-Arndt. "Intercity bus deregulation in Germany – Intramodal and intermodal effects after two years." Research in Transportation Economics 59 (November 2016): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2016.06.005.

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Qi, Guo-Jun, Wei Liu, Charu Aggarwal, and Thomas Huang. "Joint Intermodal and Intramodal Label Transfers for Extremely Rare or Unseen Classes." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 39, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 1360–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2587643.

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Langhans, Wolfgang, Frank Grossmann, and Nori Geary. "Intrameal hepatic-portal infusion of glucose reduces spontaneous meal size in rats." Physiology & Behavior 73, no. 4 (July 2001): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00479-6.

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Chica, Ana B., Daniel Sanabria, Juan Lupiáñez, and Charles Spence. "Comparing intramodal and crossmodal cuing in the endogenous orienting of spatial attention." Experimental Brain Research 179, no. 3 (December 8, 2006): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0798-7.

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Chica, Ana B., Daniel Sanabria, Juan Lupiáñez, and Charles Spence. "Comparing intramodal and crossmodal cuing in the endogenous orienting of spatial attention." Experimental Brain Research 179, no. 3 (February 27, 2007): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-0900-9.

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42

Brown, Peter J. B., and David E. Pitfield. "An intramax derivation of commodity market areas from freight flow data." Transportation Planning and Technology 15, no. 1 (June 1990): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081069008717440.

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43

Stadlbauer, Ulrike, Myrtha Arnold, Elisabeth Weber, and Wolfgang Langhans. "Possible Mechanisms of Circulating PYY-Induced Satiation in Male Rats." Endocrinology 154, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1956.

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Peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) is implicated in eating control, but the site(s) and mechanism(s) of its action remain uncertain. We tested acute effects of intrameal hepatic portal vein (HPV) PYY3-36 infusions on eating in adult, male rats and measured HPV and jugular vein (JV) plasma levels of PYY in response to a solid, mixed-nutrient meal. We also examined the effects of HPV PYY3-36 infusions on JV plasma levels, flavor acceptance, and neuronal activation. Intrameal HPV PYY3-36 infusions [1 and 3 nmol/kg body weight (BW)] selectively reduced (P < 0.05) ongoing meal size. HPV PYY levels increased (P < 0.05) during a chow (12.5 kcal) or an isocaloric high-fat meal. JV PYY levels were generally lower than HPV levels but also increased in response to the chow meal. HPV PYY3-36 infusion (1 nmol/kg BW) caused a greater increase in JV PYY than a meal, but neither 1 nor 3 nmol/kg BW PYY3-36 caused conditioned flavor avoidance. HPV PYY3-36 (1 nmol/kg BW) increased the number of c-Fos-expressing cells in the nucleus tractus solitarii, the hypothalamic arcuate and paraventricular nuclei, the central area of the amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens but not in the area postrema and parabrachial nucleus. These data show that HPV infusions of PYY3-36 inhibit eating in rats without causing avoidance, and they identify some brain areas that might be involved. Endogenous PYY may induce satiation by acting directly in the brain, but further studies should examine whether PYY3–36 administrations that mimic the meal-induced increase in plasma PYY are sufficient to inhibit eating.
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44

Sanabria, Daniel, Salvador Soto-Faraco, Jason Chan, and Charles Spence. "Intramodal perceptual grouping modulates multisensory integration: evidence from the crossmodal dynamic capture task." Neuroscience Letters 377, no. 1 (March 2005): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.069.

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45

Mulligan, Neil W. "Effects of cross-modal and intramodal division of attention on perceptual implicit memory." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 29, no. 2 (2003): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.2.262.

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46

Wang, Ning, J. C. Alvarado-Zacarias, Md Selim Habib, He Wen, J. E. Antonio-Lopez, Pierre Sillard, A. Amezcua-Correa, Axel Schülzgen, R. Amezcua-Correa, and Guifang Li. "Mode-selective few-mode Brillouin fiber lasers based on intramodal and intermodal SBS." Optics Letters 45, no. 8 (April 9, 2020): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.385444.

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47

Müller, Katharina, Gisa Aschersleben, Frank Schmitz, Alfons Schnitzler, Hans-Joachim Freund, and Wolfgang Prinz. "Inter- versus intramodal integration in sensorimotor synchronization: a combined behavioral and magnetoencephalographic study." Experimental Brain Research 185, no. 2 (October 12, 2007): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-1155-1.

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48

Stockinger, Zsolt, and Nori Geary. "Pancreatic glucagon does not alter intrameal gastric emptying of milk in the rat." Physiology & Behavior 45, no. 6 (June 1989): 1259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(89)90118-2.

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49

Punjabi, Mukesh, Myrtha Arnold, Elisabeth Rüttimann, Mariana Graber, Nori Geary, Gustavo Pacheco-López, and Wolfgang Langhans. "Circulating Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Inhibits Eating in Male Rats by Acting in the Hindbrain and Without Inducing Avoidance." Endocrinology 155, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 1690–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1447.

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To address the neural mediation of the eating-inhibitory effect of circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), we investigated the effects of 1) intra-fourth ventricular infusion of the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-9 or 2) area postrema lesion on the eating-inhibitory effect of intrameal hepatic portal vein (HPV) GLP-1 infusion in adult male rats. To evaluate the physiological relevance of the observed effect we examined 3) the influence of GLP-1 on flavor acceptance in a 2-bottle conditioned flavor avoidance test, and 4) measured active GLP-1 in the HPV and vena cava (VC) in relation to a meal and in the VC after HPV GLP-1 infusion. Intrameal HPV GLP-1 infusion (1 nmol/kg body weight-5 min) specifically reduced ongoing meal size by almost 40% (P < .05). Intra-fourth ventricular exendin-9 (10 μg/rat) itself did not affect eating, but attenuated (P < .05) the satiating effect of HPV GLP-1. Area postrema lesion also blocked (P < .05) the eating-inhibitory effect of HPV GLP-1. Pairing consumption of flavored saccharin solutions with HPV GLP-1 infusion did not alter flavor acceptance, indicating that HPV GLP-1 can inhibit eating without inducing malaise. A regular chow meal transiently increased (P < .05) HPV, but not VC, plasma active GLP-1 levels, whereas HPV GLP-1 infusion caused a transient supraphysiological increase (P < .01) in VC GLP-1 concentration 3 minutes after infusion onset. The results implicate hindbrain GLP-1 receptors and the area postrema in the eating-inhibitory effect of circulating GLP-1, but question the physiological relevance of the eating-inhibitory effect of iv infused GLP-1 under our conditions.
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Hatwell, Yvette. "Motor and Cognitive Functions of the Hand in Infancy and Childhood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 10, no. 4 (December 1987): 509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548701000409.

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This paper reviews recent work on the development of the perceptual information-seeking function of the hand in relation to its motor-executive function. The general argument is that from five to six months of age, i.e. when the movements of the hand begin to be systematically controlled by vision, manual haptic competences are consistently under-used and are obscured by a strong visual dominance. Although intramodal haptic discrimination and visual-tactual cross modal transfer take place very early in infancy, infants and children make poor use of their manual perceptual abilities. Consequently, their observed performance on bimodal visual-haptic tasks and in cross modal tasks do not fully support Gibson's hypothesis of amodal processing of perceptual information.
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