Relevant bibliographies by topics / Intrathoracic pressure

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Intrathoracic pressure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Intrathoracic pressure"

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Walsh, M. C., and W. A. Carlo. "Determinants of gas flow through a bronchopleural fistula." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 4 (1989): 1591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1591.

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To assess the determinants of bronchopleural fistula (BPF) flow, we used a surgically created BPF to study 15 anesthetized intubated mechanically ventilated New Zealand White rabbits. Mean airway pressure and intrathoracic pressure were evaluated independently. Mean airway pressure was varied (8, 10, or 12 cmH2O) by independent manipulations of either peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, or inspiratory time. Intrathoracic pressure was varied from 0 to -40 cmH2O. BPF flow varied directly with mean airway pressure (P less than 0.001). However, at constant mean airway pressure, BPF flow was not influenced independently by changes in peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, or inspiratory time. Resistance of the BPF increased as intrathoracic pressure became more negative. Despite increased resistance, BPF flow also increased. BPF resistance was constant over the range of mean airway (P less than 0.01) pressures investigated. Our data document the influence of mean airway pressure and intrathoracic pressure on BPF flow and suggest that manipulations which reduce transpulmonary pressure will decrease BPF flow.
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Mathew, Oommen P. "Effects of transient intrathoracic pressure changes (hiccups) on systemic arterial pressure." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 2 (1997): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.2.371.

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Mathew, Oommen P. Effects of transient intrathoracic pressure changes (hiccups) on systemic arterial pressure. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 371–375, 1997.—The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of transient changes in intrathoracic pressure on systemic arterial pressure by utilizing hiccups as a tool. Values of systolic and diastolic pressures before, during, and after hiccups were determined in 10 intubated preterm infants. Early-systolic hiccups decreased systolic blood pressure significantly ( P < 0.05) compared with control (39.38 ± 2.72 vs. 46.46 ± 3.41 mmHg) and posthiccups values, whereas no significant change in systolic blood pressure occurred during late-systolic hiccups. Diastolic pressure immediately after the hiccups remained unchanged during both early- and late-systolic hiccups. In contrast, diastolic pressure decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) when hiccups occurred during diastole (both early and late). Systolic pressures of the succeeding cardiac cycle remained unchanged after early-diastolic hiccups, whereas they decreased after late-diastolic hiccups. These results indicate that transient decreases in intrathoracic pressure reduce systemic arterial pressure primarily through an increase in the volume of the thoracic aorta. A reduction in stroke volume appears to contribute to the reduction in systolic pressure.
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Dean, J. M., R. C. Koehler, C. L. Schleien, et al. "Age-related changes in chest geometry during cardiopulmonary resuscitation." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 6 (1987): 2212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.6.2212.

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We studied alterations of chest geometry during conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in anesthetized immature swine. Pulsatile force was applied to the sternum in increments to determine the effects of increasing compression on chest geometry and intrathoracic vascular pressures. In 2-wk- and 1-mo-old piglets, permanent changes in chest shape developed due to incomplete recoil of the chest along the anteroposterior axis, and large intrathoracic vascular pressures were generated. In 3-mo-old animals, permanent chest deformity did not develop, and large intrathoracic vascular pressures were not produced. We propose a theoretical model of the chest as an elliptic cylinder. Pulsatile displacement along the minor axis of an ellipse produces a greater decrease in cross-sectional area than displacement of a circular cross section. As thoracic cross section became less circular due to deformity, greater changes in thoracic volume, and hence pressure, were produced. With extreme deformity at high force, pulsatile displacement became limited, diminishing pressure generation. We conclude that changes in chest geometry are important in producing intrathoracic intravascular pressure during conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation in piglets.
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Brown, I. G., P. A. McClean, P. M. Webster, V. Hoffstein, and N. Zamel. "Lung volume dependence of esophageal pressure in the neck." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 6 (1985): 1849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.6.1849.

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There is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding tissue pressure in the neck. We studied esophageal pressure along cervical and intrathoracic esophageal segments in six healthy men to determine extramural pressure for the cervical and intrathoracic airways. A balloon catheter system with a 1.5-cm-long balloon was used to measure intraesophageal pressures. It was positioned at 2-cm intervals, starting 10 cm above the cardiac sphincter and ending at the cricopharyngeal sphincter. We found that esophageal pressures became more negative as the balloon catheter moved from intrathoracic to cervical segments, until the level of the cricopharyngeal sphincter was reached. At total lung capacity, esophageal pressures were -10.5 +/- 2.9 (SE) cmH2O in the lower esophagus, -18.9 +/- 3.0 just within the thorax, and -21.3 +/- 2.73 within 2 cm of the cricopharyngeal sphincter. The variation in mouth minus esophageal pressure with lung volume was similar in cervical and thoracic segments. We conclude that the subatmospheric tissue pressure applied to the posterior membrane of the cervical trachea results in part from transmission of apical pleural pressure into the neck. Transmural pressure for cervical and thoracic tracheal segments is therefore similar.
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Peters, J., M. K. Kindred, and J. L. Robotham. "NEGATIVE INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE DURING SYSTOLE." Anesthesiology 65, Supplement 3A (1986): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198609001-00044.

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Brown, I. G., P. M. Webster, N. Zamel, and V. Hoffstein. "Changes in tracheal cross-sectional area during Mueller and Valsalva maneuvers in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 6 (1986): 1865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.6.1865.

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Pressure-area behavior of the excised trachea is well documented, but little is known of tracheal compliance in vivo. Extratracheal tissue pressures are not directly measurable, but transmural pressure for the intrathoracic trachea is inferred from intra-airway and pleural pressure differences. Extramural pressure of the cervical trachea is assumed to be atmospheric. The difference in transmural pressure between the intra- and extrathoracic tracheal segments should be exaggerated during Mueller and Valsalva maneuvers. We used the acoustic reflection technique to measure tracheal areas above and below the thoracic inlet during these isovolume-pressure maneuvers. We found that 10 cmH2O positive pressure increased tracheal area in the extrathoracic segment by 34 +/- 16% (mean +/- SD) and in the intrathoracic segment by 35 +/- 15%. There was a reduction in area of 27 +/- 16 and 24 +/- 14%, respectively, for the extra- and intrathoracic segments with 10 cmH2O negative pressure. We conclude that the effective transmural pressure gradients do not vary significantly between intra- and extrathoracic tracheal segments.
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Ferrigno, M., D. D. Hickey, M. H. Liner, and C. E. Lundgren. "Simulated breath-hold diving to 20 meters: cardiac performance in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 6 (1987): 2160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.6.2160.

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Cardiac performance was assessed in six subjects breath-hold diving to 20 m in a hyperbaric chamber, while nonsubmersed or submersed in a thermoneutral environment. Cardiac index and systolic time intervals were obtained with impedance cardiography and intrathoracic pressure with an esophageal balloon. Breath holding at large lung volume (80% vital capacity) decreased cardiac index, probably by increasing intrathoracic pressure and thereby impeding venous return. During diving, cardiac index increased (compared with breath holding at the surface) by 35.1% in the nonsubmersed and by 29.5% in the submersed condition. This increase was attributed to a fall in intrathoracic pressure. Combination of the opposite effects of breath holding and diving to 20 m left cardiac performance unchanged during the dives (relative to the surface control). A larger intrathoracic blood redistribution probably explains a smaller reduction in intrathoracic pressure observed during submersed compared with nonsubmersed diving. Submersed breath-hold diving may entail a smaller risk of thoracic squeeze (lesser intrathoracic pressure drop) but a greater risk of overloading the central circulation (larger intrathoracic blood pooling) than simulated nonsubmersed diving.
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Heijnen, Bram G. A. D. H., Angelique M. E. Spoelstra-de Man, and A. B. Johan Groeneveld. "Low Transmission of Airway Pressures to the Abdomen in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With or Without Acute Respiratory Failure and Intra-Abdominal Hypertension." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 3 (2016): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066615625180.

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Purpose: Intra-abdominal pressure, measured at end expiration, may depend on ventilator settings and transmission of intrathoracic pressure. We determined the transmission of positive intrathoracic pressure during mechanical ventilation at inspiration and expiration into the abdominal compartment. Methods and Results: We included 9 patients after uncomplicated cardiac surgery and 9 with acute respiratory failure. Intravesical pressures were measured thrice (reproducibility of 1.8%) and averaged, at the end of each inspiratory and expiratory hold maneuvers of 5 seconds. Transmission, the change in intra-abdominal over intrathoracic pressures from end inspiration to end expiration, was about 8%. End-expiratory intra-abdominal pressure was lower than “total” intra-abdominal pressure over the entire respiratory cycle by 0.34 cm H2O. It was 0.73 cm H2O higher than “true” intra-abdominal pressure over the entire respiratory cycle, taking transmission into account. The percentage error was 3% for total and 10% for true pressure. Results did not differ among patients with or without acute respiratory failure and decreased respiratory compliance or between those with (≥12 mm Hg, n = 5) or without intra-abdominal hypertension. Conclusions: Transmitted airway pressure only slightly affects intra-abdominal pressure in mechanically ventilated patients, irrespective of respiratory compliance and baseline intra-abdominal pressure values. End-expiratory measurements referenced against atmospheric pressure may suffice for clinical practice.
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Scharf, S. M., R. Brown, K. G. Warner, and S. Khuri. "Intrathoracic pressures and left ventricular configuration with respiratory maneuvers." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (1989): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.481.

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In 12 dogs, we examined the correspondence between esophageal (Pes) and pericardial pressures over the anterior, lateral, and inferior left ventricular (LV) surfaces. Pleural pressure was decreased by spontaneous inspiration, Mueller maneuver, and phrenic stimulation and increased by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). To separate effects due to blood flow, we analyzed beating and nonbeating hearts. In beating hearts, there were no significant differences between changes in Pes and pericardial pressures. In arrested hearts, increasing LV pressure by 8 Torr increased pericardial pressures by only 3.6 Torr. With IPPV and PEEP, increases in Pes and pericardial pressures were equal in live hearts and in low-volume arrested hearts (LV pressure = 4 Torr). In high-volume arrested hearts (LV pressure = 12 Torr), the increase in pericardial pressure over the anterior LV surface was less than Pes, whereas that over the lateral and inferior LV surfaces was the same as Pes. At high LV volume, in arrested hearts pericardial pressures decreased less than Pes during negative pressure maneuvers. In another six dogs, external LV configuration and volume were measured. In beating hearts during spontaneous inspiration, Mueller maneuver, and phrenic stimulation (endotracheal tube open), septal-lateral dimension and LV volume decreased by approximately 3% (P less than 0.05). This was also true for PEEP. In arrested hearts, septal-lateral dimension and LV volume decreased only with PEEP. We conclude that 1) the relationship between Pes and pericardial pressures is complex and depends on LV volume, local pericardial compliance, and the means by which Pes is changed, 2) changes in measured pericardial pressures did not completely explain changes in LV configuration, and 3) during different respiratory maneuvers, different forces account for the same observed changes in LV volume and configuration.
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Daly, Curt M., Karen Swalec-Tobias, Anthony H. Tobias, and Nicole Ehrhart. "Cardiopulmonary Effects of Intrathoracic Insufflation in Dogs." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 38, no. 6 (2002): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0380515.

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This study was designed to quantify the effects of incremental positive insufflation of the intrathoracic space on cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (AP), central venous pressure (CVP), and percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SPO2) in anesthetized dogs. Seven healthy, adult dogs from terminal teaching laboratories were maintained under anesthesia with isoflurane delivered with a mechanical ventilator. The experimental variables were recorded before introduction of an intrathoracic catheter, at intrathoracic pressures (IP) of 0 mm Hg, 3 mm Hg insufflation, and additional increments of 1 mm Hg insufflation thereafter until the SPO2 remained <85% despite increases in minute volume. Finally the variables were measured again at 0 mm Hg IP. The cardiac output and systolic and diastolic AP significantly (P<0.05) decreased at 3 mm Hg IP. Significant decreases in SPO2 were seen at 10 mm Hg IP. Significant increase in CVP was noted at 6 mm Hg IP. Heart rate decreased significantly at 5 to 6 mm Hg IP but was not decreased above 6 mm Hg IP. Given the degree of CO decrease at low intrathoracic pressures, insufflation-aided thoracoscopy should be used with caution and at the lowest possible insufflation pressure. Standard anesthetic monitoring variables such as HR and AP measurements may not accurately reflect the animal’s cardiovascular status.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intrathoracic pressure"

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Cheyne, William Spencer. "The effect of negative intrathoracic pressure on heart-lung interaction in the presence of elevated lung volume and increased right ventricular preload and afterload." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55262.

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While the hemodynamic effects of spontaneous respiration are normally considered minimal, large increases in negative intrathoracic pressure (ITP) are known to impair left ventricular (LV) function. Increased negative ITP is a hallmark of obstructive respiratory disease, and is often accompanied by elevations in lung volume and changes to the pulmonary vasculature, both of which have adverse effects on LV function through both series and direct ventricular interaction (DVI). While the hemodynamic effects of these stressors in isolation are generally well established, the interaction of these mechanisms, and their summative effect on LV function, has not been investigated. This study examined the hemodynamic effects of increased negative ITP, dynamic lung hyperinflation (DH), increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and increased preload (VL) alone and in combination in healthy, spontaneously breathing humans using echocardiography to evaluate LV volumes and geometry. Reducing ITP on inspiration to -20 cmH₂O significantly decreased LV SV by 7% (p<0.001), due to a reduced LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV). DVI was implicated in this reduction, as evidenced by a significant increase in the radius of septal curvature (RSC) (p=0.002), indicating leftward septal shift. DH alone also decreased LV SV by 12% (p=0.001) and, in combination with increased negative ITP, caused a greater reduction in LVEDV than either condition in isolation (p=0.001). This LV under-filling was exacerbated by increased PVR, resulting in a 14% decrease in LV SV (p=0.001), which appears to be partially mediated by DVI, as indicated by significant increases in RSC (p=0.001). Under these conditions, when preload was increased by acute VL, we observed a paradoxical further decrease in LVEDV (-16%, p<0.001) and thus LV SV (-21%, p<0.001). Together with the observed increase in RSC (p=0.001), this is strong evidence for the role of DVI in impairing LV filling under these conditions. In conclusion, large increases in lung volume have a considerable deleterious effect on cardiac function. Moreover, at high volumes, DH may play a larger role than the associated increases in negative ITP in influencing hemodynamics. These findings have important implications for better understanding altered cardiopulmonary interaction in obstructive respiratory disease.<br>Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)<br>Graduate
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Cavalcanti, Ruben Lundgren. "Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da insuflação torácica associada à pressão positiva expiratória final na toracoscopia experimental de suínos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25901.

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As vídeo-cirurgias realizadas na cavidade torácica requerem o colapso total ou parcial do pulmão ipsilateral, geralmente obtido pela ventilação pulmonar seletiva (VPS). Uma alternativa à VPS é a ventilação pulmonar não-seletiva (VPNS) em combinação com insuflação torácica (IT) com dióxido de carbono (CO2) no hemitórax do pulmão ipsilateral, o que acarreta alterações cardiorrespiratórias significativas. Para manutenção da homeostasia respiratória nestes pacientes, pode-se utilizar a pressão positiva expiratória final (PEEP), a fim de aumentar a PaO2. Este estudo avaliou, pela primeira vez, os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios de diferentes níveis de IT com CO2 (0, 5 e 10 mm Hg) associado a diferentes níveis de PEEP (5 e 10 cm H2O) em 12 suínos sob anestesia com isoflurano (1 x concentração alveolar mínima) e ventilação convencional durante toracoscopia direita. Um cateter de Swan-Ganz e um analisador de gases foram utilizados para monitorar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios durante o experimento. Os dados basais foram obtidos sob VM, sem uso de IT com CO2 e PEEP. Cada animal foi anestesiado uma única vez, recebendo três tratamentos e servindo como seu próprio controle. A indução anestésica foi realizada com bolus de propofol, pela via intravenosa (5 mg/kg). Subseqüentemente à intubação orotraqueal, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito dorsal, conectados ao circuito anestésico reinalatório e instrumentados para registro dos parâmetros das variáveis estudadas. Após a estabilização do plano anestésico, administrou-se pancurônio (0,1 mg/kg, IV) com imediato início da ventilação controlada à pressão com uma FiO2 de 1, objetivando-se a manutenção do valor de ETCO2 entre 35 e 45 mm Hg. As medidas foram divididas em seis momentos (M), com incrementos graduais da pressão de IT: M1 (PEEP de 5 cm H2O e IT de 0 mm Hg); M2 (PEEP 10 e IT 0); M3 (PEEP 5 e IT 5); M4 (PEEP 10 e IT 5); M5 (PEEP 5 e IT 10) e M6 (PEEP 10 e IT 10). Os animais foram ainda divididos em 2 grupos (n=6), onde um recebeu tratamento para manutenção da pressão arterial média (PAM) ≥ 60 mm Hg (grupo não-tratado, GNT; grupo tratado, GTH). Os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância para medidas repetidas para avaliar os efeitos do tratamento nas variáveis hemodinâmicas e pulmonares (p < 0,05). O uso de IT de 10 mm Hg, independente do valor da PEEP associada, induziu uma redução significativa do índice cardíaco, do volume sistólico, do índice de trabalho do ventrículo direito, da complacência dinâmica, do pH arterial e da diferença arteriovenosa de oxigênio, além de aumento na freqüência cardíaca. O uso de PIT de 10 mm Hg, independente do valor da PEEP associada e o uso de PIT de 5 mm Hg associada à PEEP de 5 cm H2O induziu um aumento significativo da diferença alvéolo-arterial de oxigênio, além de redução do conteúdo arterial de oxigênio e da pressão parcial de oxigênio arterial. Ocorreu ainda aumento progressivo da pressão de pico inspiratória, do espaço morto fisiológico, da pressão venosa central, da pressão média da artéria pulmonar e da pressão parcial de CO2 arterial, de acordo com o incremento da IT, além de manutenção das pressões arteriais, em ambos os grupos. Com exceção à associação de PEEP de 5 cm H2O e PIT direita com CO2 de 5 mm Hg, a estratégia ventilatória com PEEP de 5 ou 10 cm H2O e PIT direita com CO2 em níveis pressóricos ≤ a 5 mm Hg pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz para futuros estudos em toracoscopia, em suíno submetido à toracoscopia sob ventilação não-seletiva e FiO2 = 1.<br>Video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS) requires lung collapse, at least partially. This condition is usually obtained by one-lung ventilation (OLV). An alternative method is associate two-lung ventilation with carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation in the operated hemithorax, but this is accompanied by an increased risk of hemodynamic and respiratory deterioration. PEEP can be used in this patients for improve arterial oxygenation. The hemodynamic, ventilatory and blood gases effects of different levels of carbon dioxide insufflations (0, 5 and 10 mm Hg) associated with different levels of PEEPs (5 and 10 cm H2O) under two-lung ventilation were evaluated in twelve isoflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration) anesthetized pigs during right-sided thoracoscopy. An arterial catheter, Swan-Ganz catheter and multianesthetic gas analyser were used to monitor the cardiopulmonary parameters during the experiment. Baseline data were obtained before intrathoracic pressure (IP) and PEEP elevation. Induction of anesthesia was performed using propofol (5 mg/kg) intravenously. After, the pigs were placed in a dorsal recumbent position and were mechanically ventilated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. The respiratory rate was adjusted to maintain the end-tidal CO2 concentration between 35 and 45 mm Hg. The measurements were divided in six moments (M), with gradual increment of the IP: M1 (5 cm H2O of PEEP and 0 mm Hg of IP); M2 (10 PEEP and 0 IP); M3 (5 PEEP and 5 IP); M4 (10 PEEP and 5 IP); M5 (5 PEEP and 10 IP) and M6 (10 PEEP and 10 IP). The animals were allocated in two different groups (n=6) which one was treated for maintenance of the mean blood pressure (MBP) ≥ 60 mm Hg. The values were compared among the various time points by use of ANOVA for repeated measures (p < 0,05). IP of 10 mm Hg, independently of the associated PEEP, induced a significant decrease in cardiac index, stroke volume, right ventricular stroke work index, dynamic complacency, arterial pH and arteriovenous oxygen difference, in addition to significant increase in heart rate. IP of 10 mm Hg, independently of the associated PEEP and the application of IP of 5 mm Hg associated with PEEP of 5 cm H2O induced a significant increased in alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, whereas decrease the arterial oxygen content and the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. Peak airway pressure, physiologic dead space, central venous pressure, mean pressure pulmonary artery and partial pressure of arterial CO2 decreased significantly, according with increment of the IP, in addition to maintenance of arterial pressures in both groups. The exception of the combined use of 5 PEEP with 10 IP (M3), the ventilatory strategy with 5 or 10 PEEP associated to carbon dioxide insufflation into the right hemithorax with an intrapleural pressure ≤ 5 mm Hg in 1 MAC isoflurane anesthetized pig under two-lung ventilation with FiO2 = 1, can be an useful adjunct for futures studies in thoracoscopy.
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Celeita-Rodríguez, Nathalia. "Comparação entre índices dinâmicos e volumétricos de pré-carga em cães submetidos à hemorragia moderada seguida de reposição volêmica." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/135860.

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Orientador: Francisco José Teixeira Neto<br>Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da perda moderada de sangue seguida por reposição volêmica (RV) no índice de volume sanguíneo intratorácico (ITBVI), índice do volume global diastólico final (GEDVI), variação da pressão de pulso (VPP) e variação do volume sistólico (VVS).Delineamento experimental: Estudo prospectivo aleatorizado.Animais: Sete cães da raça Pointer Inglês (20 a 31,2 kg).Métodos: A anestesia foi mantida com sevofluorano sob ventilação mecânica no modo volume controlado com bloqueio neuromuscular induzido pelo atracúrio. A concentração expirada de sevofluorano (ETsevo), foi ajustada de forma a inibir alterações na frequência cardíaca e na pressão arterial média (PAM) em resposta à estimulação nociceptiva (< 20% mudança relativa). As variáveis estudadas foram registradas no momento basal, após retirada de 14 a 16 mL/kg da volemia e após a RV com sangue autólogo. Resultados: A anestesia foi mantida com 3,1 ± 0,3% de ETsevo. Um animal discrepante (“outlier”) não foi incluído da análise estatística. A hemorragia diminuiu significativamente (P < 0,05) o índice cardíaco (IC), índice sistólico (IS) e PAM em 20-25% dos valores basais (variações percentuais nos valores médios). A RV aumentou significativamente a PAM em relação aos valores registrados após hemorragia (31% de aumento); enquanto o IC e IS elevaram-se significativamente após a RV (29-30% acima dos valores basais). Após a hemorragia, o ITBVI e GEDVI se reduziram significativamente em 15% em relação aos val... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effects moderate blood loss followed by volume replacement (VR) on intra-thoracic blood volume index (ITBVI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI), pulse pressure variation (PPV), and stroke volume variation (SVV).Study design: Prospective, randomized study.Animals: Seven English Pointer dogs (20.0–31.2 kg).Methods: Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane under volume-controlled ventilation and atracurium induced neuromuscular blockade. End-expired sevoflurane (ETsevo) concentrations were adjusted to inhibit heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) changes in response to nociceptive stimulation (< 20% relative change). Data recorded at baseline, after withdrawal of 14–16 mL kg-1 of blood volume and after VR with autologous blood.Results: Anesthesia was maintained with 3.1 ± 0.3 vol% of ETsevo concentrations. One outlier was excluded from the statistical analysis. Hemorrhage significantly (P < 0.05) decreased cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), and MAP by 20–25% from baseline (percent changes in mean values). Volume replacement significantly increased MAP in comparison to values recorded after hemorrhage (31% increase); while CI and SI were significantly increased after VR in comparison hemorrhage and to baseline (29–30% above baseline). The ITBVI and GEDVI were decreased by 15% from baseline after blood loss; while VR significantly increased ITBVI and GEDVI by 21% from values recorded after hemorrhage. Relat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Chen, Jia-shen, and 陳佳伸. "Research and develop pleural pressure monitoring real-time displaying device of intrathoracic surgery." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bu8u74.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>機電整合研究所<br>103<br>Pleural pressure monitoring is useful for treatment and diagnosis of thoracic surgery pleural cavity diseases. There are several pleural pressure monitoring methods in the past, mainly divided into physical and electronic. These methods can measure and record the amount of change of pleural cavity pressure, and monitoring the pressure in the preoperative and intraoperative and postoperative .But it can not be tracked in the recovery situations, and the cost is quite expensive.Therefore,develop a new device by cheap and components easy to obtain is a goal in the research project. In addition to has a variety of functions which pleural cavity monitoring in the past, and can be pleural pressure sensing with a chest drainage bottle in thoracentesis drainage process,even carried by patient to track the recovery situation after surgery.The research project included hardware and software,there is hardware sensor amplifier, control panels, data storage device, a display screen, power supply units in the hardware part,and there is analog to digital conversion programs and lattice control program written in C language in the software part. When the sensor sensing the change of pressure, circuit will amplifier signal, and digital-to-analog conversion and matrix control by PC board, the value will display on the screen to form a continuous waveform corresponding to the position. Physicians will easy to observe the changes in pleural pressure. The stored data can provide one day to one month follow afterwards. The device which has developed was tested and tested with chest drainage, when the pressure is changed and can show changes in time within 10 seconds ± 20cmH2O range on the screen, and the data storage device can record accurate data, overall development cost of about 9,000 dollars, showing the development of means consistent with the objectives initially set.
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Blažek, Dušan. "Vliv dechového vzorce na nitrohrudní tlak, kinematiku zvedané osy a svalovou aktivitu při cviku bench press." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435552.

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Title: The effect of breathing technique on intra-thoracic pressure, kinematics of barbell, and muscle activity during bench press exercise. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to determine relationship between breathing technique and bench press exercise. Furthermore, determine which breathing modification leads to overcoming highest resistance and how each individual breathing techniques (Valsalva maneuver (VM), Hold breath (HB), Lung packing (PAC), "reversed breathing" (REVB)) affects kinematics of barbell, and muscle activity, during different intensity (1 RM, 4RM, 8RM, 12RM). Methods: Experiment of cross-sectional character, with usage of our-calibrated sensor, for intrathoracic pressure measurements, 3D kinematics with passive markers and surface electromyography. For measuring anthropometric measurements was further used goniometer, digital scale, and measuring tape. Comparisons of the breathing techniques was done by analysis of covariance ANOVA, while particular parameters were compared by Pearson correlation. Results: Except of REVB technique, which indicated significantly lower load, there was no significant difference between techniques in lifted resistance. Similar effect was observed at results of intrathoracic pressure, where REVB technique showed significantly lower pressure,...
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Books on the topic "Intrathoracic pressure"

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Lee, Jae Myeong, and Michael R. Pinsky. Cardiovascular interactions in respiratory failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0087.

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Acute respiratory failure not only impairs gas exchange, but also stresses cardiovascular reserve by increasing the need for increased cardiac output (CO) to sustain O2 delivery in the face of hypoxaemia, increased O2 demand by the increased work of breathing and inefficient gas exchange, and increased right ventricular afterload due to lung collapse via hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Mechanical ventilation, though often reversing these processes by lung recruitment and improved arterial oxygenation, may also decrease CO by increasing right atrial pressure by either increasing intrathoracic pressure or lung over-distention by excess positive end-expiratory pressure or inadequate expiratory time causing acute cor pulmonale. Finally, spontaneous negative swings in intrathoracic pressure also increase venous return and impede left ventricular ejection thus increasing intrathoracic blood volume and often precipitating or worsening hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. Positive-pressure breathing has the opposite effects.
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Narsinh, Kazim, and Thomas Kinney. Water Seal Technique for Lung Biopsy. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0067.

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Gas embolism is an infrequent but potentially severe complication of percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy. One potential mechanism for the creation of an arterial gas embolism is the introduction of atmospheric air into the biopsy needle when the tip is located in the pulmonary vein. To minimize the risk of introducing air into a pulmonary vein via the biopsy needle, a “water seal technique” can be used to create a hydrostatic column within the introducer needle before the biopsy needle is inserted. Then, if sufficient negative intrathoracic pressure is generated while the needle tip is in a pulmonary vein, saline will enter the pulmonary vein rather than air. This chapter describes the water seal technique to mitigate the risk of arterial gas embolism during transthoracic lung biopsy.
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Book chapters on the topic "Intrathoracic pressure"

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Peters, J., and J. L. Robotham. "Hemodynamic Effects of Increased Intrathoracic Pressure." In Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83010-5_11.

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Cinel, I., A. Metzger, and R. P. Dellinger. "Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation for the Treatment of Hypotension." In Intensive Care Medicine. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_28.

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Cinel, I., A. Metzger, and R. P. Dellinger. "Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation for the Treatment of Hypotension." In Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92276-6_28.

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Montolivo, M., S. Lodrini, F. Fiacchino, and F. Pluchino. "Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Supine and Sitting Positions: Its Effects on Intrathoracic and Intracranial Pressures." In Intracranial Pressure VIII. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77789-9_94.

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Mesquida, Jaume, Hyung Kook Kim, and Michael R. Pinsky. "Effect of tidal volume, intrathoracic pressure, and cardiac contractility on variations in pulse pressure, stroke volume, and intrathoracic blood volume." In Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine 1. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28270-6_46.

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Pinsky, M. R. "The Effect of Intrathoracic Pressure on the Failing Heart." In Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83453-0_23.

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Hedenstierna, G. "Pulmonary Perfusion: Effects of Changes in Cardiac Output and Intrathoracic Pressure." In Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83010-5_5.

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Pfeiffer, U. J., M. Perker, J. Zeravik, and G. Zimmermann. "Sensitivity of Central Venous Pressure, Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure, and Intrathoracic Blood Volume as Indicators for Acute and Chronic Hypovolemia." In Practical Applications of Fiberoptics in Critical Care Monitoring. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75086-1_3.

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Wellhöfer, H., J. Zeravik, M. Perker, G. Blümel, G. Zimmermann, and U. J. Pfeiffer. "PEEP-Induced Changes of Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure, Prepulmonary and Total Intrathoracic Blood Volume in Anesthetized Dogs." In Practical Applications of Fiberoptics in Critical Care Monitoring. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75086-1_4.

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Zaidi, Gulrukh, and Paul H. Mayo. "Heart–lung interactions." In Oxford Textbook of Advanced Critical Care Echocardiography, edited by Anthony McLean, Stephen Huang, and Andrew Hilton. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749288.003.0005.

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Echocardiography is the most clinically practical method of visualizing cardiac structures and directly observing changes of cardiac function during the respiratory cycle. This chapter will review heart–lung interactions and will focus on the effects of intrathoracic pressure variation on cardiac function that can be measured with advanced critical care echocardiography. These measurements are derived from observing respirophasic variation of stroke volume (SV) and help the intensivist to guide management of haemodynamic failure. The heart–lung interactions that occur with changes in intrathoracic pressure variation have utility in identification of preload sensitivity and adverse patient ventilator interaction. Measurement of the systolic velocity envelope with pulsed-wave Doppler is a requisite skill in order to identify SV variation, as is the recognition that the measurements may be difficult with transthoracic echocardiography.
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Conference papers on the topic "Intrathoracic pressure"

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Wons, Annette Marie, Thomas Gaisl, Valentina Rossi, Christian Schlatzer, Giovanni Camen, and Malcolm Kohler. "P-wave duration and dispersion during intrathoracic pressure swings." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2262.

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Apps, MCP, E. Walsted, M. Pavitt, et al. "P138 Kinetics of intrathoracic pressure change following administration of cpap." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017, QEII Centre Broad Sanctuary Westminster London SW1P 3EE, 6 to 8 December 2017, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.280.

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Matuschak, G. M., and M. R. Pinsky. "Ventricular assist by synchronous, cardiac cycle-specific increases in intrathoracic pressure." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94407.

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Melillo, C. A., J. E. Lane, S. Al Abdi, et al. "Can Respiratory Oscillation of Pulmonary Pressures Estimate Intrathoracic Pressure in Obese Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension?" In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2924.

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Iwanami, Yuji, Masahiko Kimura, Yo Tamura, et al. "Relationship between intrathoracic pressure and inspiratory volume during manually breathing assist technique." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa841.

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Apps, Michael, Emil Walsted, Matthew Pavitt, et al. "Time-course of changes to intrathoracic pressure induced by CPAP in normal subjects." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2207.

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Pichurko, Bohdan, M. Burnett, and Kevin Kyle. "Intrathoracic Pressure And Diffusion Capacity (DLCOSB) Recordings; A Case For Standardizing Breath-Hold Technique." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2109.

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Laures, Marco, Nina Bolz, Zhongxing Zhang, Armand Mensen, Christoph Schmidt, and Ramin Khatami. "Assessing the role of cerebral autoregulation during intrathoracic pressure changes by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2355.

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Cheyne, William, Adam Watson, Kaylie Welykholowa, and Neil Eves. "Late Breaking Abstract - The effect of negative intrathoracic pressure and dynamic hyperinflation on heart-lung interaction during exercise." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa474.

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Scharffenberg, M., J. J. M. Wittenstein, X. Ran, et al. "Effects of Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation on Lung Function and Mechanics in Hypovolemic Mechanically Ventilated Pigs - An Explorative Trial." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a5257.

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