To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
Journal articles on the topic 'Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gulczyńska, Ewa, Ewa Peterson, Tomasz Radzik, and Ludmiła Żylińska. "BIOMARKERS OF INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903122.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious clinical problem affecting about 10% of all pregnancies, and even up to 15% of all monochorionic twin pregnancies. This disorder is accompanied by strongly increased perinatal mortality. IUGR has multiple causes including maternal, fetal, placental, and environmental factors. Importantly, IUGR is associated with a number of negative effects exerted just after the birth, as well as during the later years of life. Despite multiple clinical trials conducted for many years, there is no reliable algorithm to diagnose the disease at an early stage, and lack of efficient therapy increases the risk of abnormal fetus development. In this short review, we present recent progress on potential IUGR biomarkers that could be determined during pregnancy and in the umbilical blood after delivery to provide more accurate diagnosis, prophylaxis and efficient treatment.
2
Boutsikou, Theodora, George Mastorakos, Marialena Kyriakakou, Alexandra Margeli, Demetrios Hassiakos, Ioannis Papassotiriou, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, and Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner. "Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/790605.
Full textAbstract:
We aimed to investigate possible alterations in circulating levels of the perinatal stress markers high sensitivity (hs)-CRP, PAI-1, and S100B—probably reflecting brain and adipose tissue inflammation—in intrauterine growth-restricted-(IUGR) and appropriate-for-gestational-age-(AGA) pregnancies, given that these groups differ in fat mass and metabolic mechanisms involving aseptic inflammation. Serum hs-CRP, PAI-1, and S100B levels were measured in 40 mothers, and their 20 AGA and 20 IUGR full-term fetuses and neonates on postnatal days 1 and 4. hs-CRP, PAI-1, and S100B levels did not differ at all time points between AGA and IUGR groups. We conclude that the lack of difference in hs-CRP, PAI-1 and S100B levels, between IUGR and AGA fetuses/neonates—despite the lower birth weight, reflecting reduced fat mass in the former—might indicate more intense adipose tissue and nervous system inflammation in IUGRs. However, implication of other inflammation-related mechanisms, common in the IUGR state (e.g. preeclampsia), cannot be excluded.
3
Hăşmăşanu, Monica, Sorana Bolboacă, Tudor Drugan, Melinda Matyas, and Gabriela Zaharie. "Parental factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 143, no. 11-12 (2015): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1512701h.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Linear growth failure is caused by multiple factors including parental factors. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate parental risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on a population of Romanian newborn infants in a tertiary level maternity facility for a period of 2.5 years. Methods. A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted in the Emergency County Hospital of Cluj-Napoca, a university hospital in North-Western Romania. The sample was selected from 4,790 infants admitted to the Neonatal Ward at 1st Gynecology Clinic between January 2012 and June 2014. Results. The age of mothers was significantly lower in the IUGR group compared to controls (p=0.041). A significantly higher percentage of mothers had hypertension in the IUGR group compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). No other significant differences were identified with regard to the investigated characteristics of mothers between IUGR infants compared to controls (p>0.13). The age of fathers of infants with IUGR proved significantly lower compared to controls (p=0.0278). The analysis of infants? comorbidities revealed no significant difference between groups for respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcaemia, and heart failure (p>0.27). Intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoglycemia were significantly higher in the IUGR group compared to controls. The logistic regression identified hypertension as a significant risk factor for IUGR (OR=2.4, 95% CI [1.3-4.5]). Conclusion. Although the age of the mothers and fathers proved significantly lower in the IUGR group compared to controls, only hypertension in the mothers proved significant risk factors for IUGR.
4
Petca, Aida, Mihaela Boț, Mona Elena Zvâncă, and Alina Veduţa. "Fetal growth restriction – recent developments." Ginecologia.ro 20 (2), no. 1 (May 20, 2018): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/gine.20.2.2018.1710.
Full textAbstract:
Important progress has recently been made in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). In 2016, a consensus on the definition of IUGR was reached. Early IUGR (IUGR before 32 weeks of gestation) is a relatively rare but severe condition. The diagnosis of early IUGR is straightforward, but the therapeutic results are negatively influenced by severe prematurity. The prevalence of late IUGR (IUGR after 32 weeks of gestation) is not clearly known. The therapeutic results are good in the diagnosed cases of late IUGR, but the diagnosis of the condition in the general pregnant population is difficult.
5
Verma, Pankaj, and Hema Chaudhary. "Understanding intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a review." Journal of Biomedical Sciences 2, no. 4 (August 9, 2016): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v2i4.15426.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is defined as the inability of a fetus to gain the normal growth potential due to maternal-placental-fetal factors. These factors mainly involve metabolic disorders, infections, substance abuse and exposure to harmful substances. Incidence of IUGR is higher in developing countries. Proper diagnosis at suitable time is necessary for proper treatment and management. Although, the mechanism is not clear but oxidative stress, immunological factors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and adduct formation are some pathways which are involved in IUGR. The aftermaths of IUGR involves post-birth complications, perinatal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, management and treatment involves use of both pharmacological (Tocolytics, Corticosteroids, antibiotics) and non-pharmacological methods (bed rest, cerclage). This review highlights the possible risk factors, mechanisms, other biochemical pathways involved, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of IUGR.Journal of Biomedical Sciences. 2015;2(4):31-37
6
Khajuria, Ruchi, and Megha Sharma. "Histopathology of placenta in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190943.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Birth of healthy term baby depends on normal placenta. IUGR is a condition associated with placental insufficiency. There is a close relationship between IUGR and placental qualitative changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in placentas of IUGR fetuses and in placentas of normal uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship that exists between morphological change and frequency of IUGR.Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, a total of 60 placenta were received, 30 placenta of IUGR fetus (group 1-case) and 30 placenta of uncomplicated pregnancy with normal single fetus (group 2-control). Exclusion criteria: Twin pregnancy, gestational hypertension, diabetes, congenital anomaly, antepartum hemorrhage and systemic disorder.Results: Placental weights in IUGR group were significantly lower than control group. Average placental weight in IUGR group was 425 gms while in the control group (normal placenta) it was 550 gms. Infarction, intervillous thrombosis, chorionic villitis, hemorrhagic endovasculitis, placental intravascular thrombi, perivillous fibrin deposition, fibrinoid necrosis and villous edema were found to be more common in IUGR group (Group 1-case group) than Normal (Group 2- control group).Conclusions: This study highlightened that significant pathological differences were found between the placentas of IUGR fetus and normal fetus. The gross and microscopic measurement of a placenta is a good way to get proper information about IUGR and helps in management of the pregnancy.
7
Sharma, Deepak, Sweta Shastri, and Pradeep Sharma. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects." Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics 10 (January 2016): CMPed.S40070. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s40070.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.
8
Devaskar, Sherin U., and Alison Chu. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Hungry for an Answer." Physiology 31, no. 2 (March 2016): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00033.2015.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been defined in several ways, but in general describes a condition in which the fetus exhibits poor growth in utero. This complication of pregnancy poses a significant public health burden as well as increased morbidity and mortality for the offspring. In human IUGR, alteration in fetal glucose and insulin homeostasis occurs in an effort to conserve energy and survive at the expense of fetal growth in an environment of inadequate nutrient provision. Several animal models of IUGR have been utilized to study the effects of IUGR on fetal glucose handling, as well as the postnatal reprogramming of energy metabolite handling, which may be unmasked in adulthood as a maladaptive propensity for cardiometabolic disease. This developmental programming may be mediated in part by epigenetic modification of essential regulators of glucose homeostasis. Several pharmacological therapies and nonpharmacological lifestyle modifications have shown early promise in mitigating the risk for or severity of adult metabolic phenotypes but still require further study of unanticipated and/or untoward side effects.
9
Verschuren, M. T. C., J. S. Morton, A. Abdalvand, Y. Mansour, C. F. Rueda-Clausen, C. A. Compston, V. Luyckx, and S. T. Davidge. "The effect of hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction on renal artery function." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 3, no. 5 (April 25, 2012): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174412000268.
Full textAbstract:
The risk of developing cardiovascular diseases is known to begin before birth and the impact of the intrauterine environment on subsequent adult health is currently being investigated from many quarters. Following our studies demonstrating the impact of hypoxiain uteroand consequent intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on the rat cardiovascular system, we hypothesized that changes extend throughout the vasculature and alter function of the renal artery. In addition, we hypothesized that hypoxia induces renal senescence as a potential mediator of altered vascular function. We demonstrated that IUGR females had decreased responses to the adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE; pEC506.50 ± 0.05 controlv. 6.17 ± 0.09 IUGR,P< 0.05) and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methylcholine (MCh;Emax89.8 ± 7.0% controlv. 41.0 ± 6.5% IUGR,P< 0.001). In IUGR females, this was characterised by increased basal nitric oxide (NO) modulation of vasoconstriction (PE pEC506.17 ± 0.09 IUGRv. 6.42 ± 0.08 in the presence of the NO synthase inhibitorN-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME;P< 0.01) but decreased activated NO modulation (no change in MCh responses in the presence ofl-NAME), respectively. In contrast, IUGR males had no changes in PE or MCh responses but demonstrated increased basal NO (PE pEC506.29 ± 0.06 IUGRv. 6.42 ± 0.12 plusl-NAME,P< 0.01) and activated NO (Emax37.8 ± 9.4% controlv. −0.8 ± 13.0% plusl-NAME,P< 0.05) modulation. No significant changes were found in gross kidney morphology, proteinuria or markers of cellular senescence in either sex. In summary, renal vascular function was altered by hypoxiain uteroin a sex-dependent manner but was unlikely to be mediated by premature renal senescence.
10
Majewska, Marta, Aleksandra Lipka, Lukasz Paukszto, Jan Jastrzebski, Karol Szeszko, Marek Gowkielewicz, Ewa Lepiarczyk, Marcin Jozwik, and Mariusz Majewski. "Placenta Transcriptome Profiling in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20061510.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious pathological complication associated with compromised fetal development during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to broaden knowledge about the transcriptomic complexity of the human placenta by identifying genes potentially involved in IUGR pathophysiology. RNA-Seq data were used to profile protein-coding genes, detect alternative splicing events (AS), single nucleotide variant (SNV) calling, and RNA editing sites prediction in IUGR-affected placental transcriptome. The applied methodology enabled detection of 37,501 transcriptionally active regions and the selection of 28 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), among them 10 were upregulated and 18 downregulated in IUGR-affected placentas. Functional enrichment annotation indicated that most of the DEGs were implicated in the processes of inflammation and immune disorders related to IUGR and preeclampsia. Additionally, we revealed that some genes (S100A13, GPR126, CTRP1, and TFPI) involved in the alternation of splicing events were mainly implicated in angiogenic-related processes. Significant SNVs were overlapped with 6533 transcripts and assigned to 2386 coding sequence (CDS), 1528 introns, 345 5’ untranslated region (UTR), 1260 3’UTR, 918 non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and 10 intergenic regions. Within CDS regions, 543 missense substitutions with functional effects were recognized. Two known mutations (rs4575, synonymous; rs3817, on the downstream region) were detected within the range of AS and DEG candidates: PA28β and PINLYP, respectively. Novel genes that are dysregulated in IUGR were detected in the current research. Investigating genes underlying the IUGR is crucial for identification of mechanisms regulating placental development during a complicated pregnancy.
11
Kush, Michelle, Christopher Harman, and Ahmet Baschat. "Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and neonatal hypothyroidism." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 191, no. 6 (December 2004): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.316.
Full text
12
Makikallio, K. "I205 Management of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60205-8.
Full text
13
Suhag, Anju, and Vincenzo Berghella. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): Etiology and Diagnosis." Current Obstetrics and Gynecology Reports 2, no. 2 (March 23, 2013): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13669-013-0041-z.
Full text
14
Nguyen, Tran Thao Nguyen, Van Duc Vo, and Ngoc Thanh Cao. "CORRELATION BETWEEN CEREBROPLACENTAL RATIO AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION." Volume 8 Issue 3 8, no. 3 (June 2018): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34071/jmp.2018.3.13.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To identify the values of CPR in intrauterine growth restriction and evaluate the correlation between cerebroplacental ratio and adverse outcomes in intrauterine growth restriction. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 74 cases of intrauterine growth restriction with an estimated fetal weight less than 10th percentile, at Departement of Obstetric and Gynecology of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from 05/2016 – 05/2017. CPR was calculated by PIMCA/PIUA.. The adverse outcomes included gestational age at delivery, methods used to delivery, APGAR score below 7 at 1 minutes and 5 minutes, admission at NICU, perinatal deaths, neonatals deaths. Results: The mean of CPR in group of early IUGR and late IUGR were 0.55 ± 0.14, 1.59 ± 0.69, respectively. The mean of CPR in group IUGR with an estimated fetal weight under the 3th percentile was 1.49 ± 0.76, lower than the mean of CPR in group IUGR with an estimated fetal weight from 3th percentile to 10th percentile. With cut – off at 1, CPR < 1 had the higher prevalence in group of early IUGR, in group IUGR with the estimated fetal weight below the 3th percentile, in group IUGR with hypoamniotic or oligohydramnios. The mean of gestational age at delivery of group IUGR with CPR < 1 and CPR >1 were 37.00 ± 3.18, and 38.59 ± 1.76, respectively. The rate of emergency cesarean section deliveries in the CPR < 1 and CPR > 1 group were 68.75% and 39.65%, respectively (p <0.05). Percentage of neonatal with APGAR ≤ 7 at 1 minute in the group with CPR < 1 and CPR > 1 were 56.25% and 22.41%, respectively. Rate of prenatal death was 12.5 in group IUGR with CPR < 1. Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between CPR and adverse outcomes in intrauterine growth restriction. Key words: intrauterine growth restriction, CPR ratio, middle cerebro artery, umbilical artery
15
Keshavarz, Elham, Marjan Rustazade Sheikhyusefi, Ensi Khalili Pouya, Masoumeh Mirzamoradi, Mehdi Khazaei, Yashar Moharamzad, and Morteza Sanei Taheri. "Association Between Fetal Thymus Size and Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 38, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87564793211054747.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between reduced fetal thymus size and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study was devised to determine the association between thymus size and any abnormal Doppler indices within the fetal umbilical artery (UA), as well as the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Materials and Methods: Forty-six pregnancies between 20 and 38 weeks of gestation with IUGR and 46 normal pregnancies within similar gestational age (GA) range were included. The transverse diameter of fetal thymus was measured. In the IUGR group, the fetal umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler flow velocities were recorded. Results: The mean GA of fetuses with IUGR (33.5 weeks) was higher than control group (30.3 weeks). To adjust for the effect of GA, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed. The adjusted mean thymus diameters were 19.02 mm in IUGR and 21.25 within the control group (mean difference = 2.23 mm; P = .02). The mean (±SD) thymus size in 16 fetuses, with abnormal Doppler findings, was significantly lower than in the group with normal Doppler findings, 17.45 (±2.50) vs 22.02 (±5.39) mm; P < .001. Conclusion: IUGR may be associated with reduced fetal thymus size, especially when coupled with abnormal Doppler findings. The thymus size in a group of IUGR fetuses, with abnormal Doppler findings, was smaller than IUGR fetuses, with normal Doppler findings.
16
Raghupathy, Raj, Majedah Al-Azemi, and Fawaz Azizieh. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Cytokine Profiles of Trophoblast Antigen-Stimulated Maternal Lymphocytes." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/734865.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important perinatal syndrome that poses several serious short- and long-term effects. We studied cytokine production by maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by trophoblast antigens. 36 women with a diagnosis of IUGR and 22 healthy women with normal fetal growth were inducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with trophoblast antigens and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ, and TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. IL-8 was produced at higher levels by blood cells of the IUGR group than normal pregnant women, while IL-13 was produced at lower levels. IL-8, IFNγ, and TNFα were higher in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in normal pregnancy. IL-12 levels were higher and IL-10 levels were lower in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in IUGR without placental insufficiency. We suggest that a stronger pro-inflammatory bias exists in IUGR as compared to normal pregnancy and in IUGR with placental insufficiency when compared to IUGR without placental insufficiency. Several ratios of proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines also support the existence of an inflammatory bias in IUGR.
17
Galan, Henry L., Enrico Ferrazzi, and John C. Hobbins. "Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): biometric and Doppler assessment." Prenatal Diagnosis 22, no. 4 (2002): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.311.
Full text
18
Priante, Elena, Giovanna Verlato, Giuseppe Giordano, Matteo Stocchero, Silvia Visentin, Veronica Mardegan, and Eugenio Baraldi. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction: New Insight from the Metabolomic Approach." Metabolites 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110267.
Full textAbstract:
Recognizing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a matter of great concern because this condition can significantly affect the newborn’s short- and long-term health. Ever since the first suggestion of the “thrifty phenotype hypothesis” in the last decade of the 20th century, a number of studies have confirmed the association between low birth weight and cardiometabolic syndrome later in life. During intrauterine life, the growth-restricted fetus makes a number of hemodynamic, metabolic, and hormonal adjustments to cope with the adverse uterine environment, and these changes may become permanent and irreversible. Despite advances in our knowledge of IUGR newborns, biomarkers capable of identifying this condition early on, and stratifying its severity both pre- and postnatally, are still lacking. We are also still unsure about these babies’ trajectory of postnatal growth and their specific nutritional requirements with a view to preventing, or at least limiting, long-term complications. In this setting, untargeted metabolomics—a relatively new field of ‘-omics’ research—can be a good way to investigate the metabolic perturbations typically associated with IUGR. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a general overview of the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of IUGR, focusing on evidence emerging from metabolomic studies. Though still only preliminary, the reports emerging so far suggest an “early” pattern of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, catabolite accumulation, and altered amino acid metabolism in IUGR neonates. Further, larger studies are needed to confirm these results and judge their applicability to clinical practice.
19
Briana, Despina D., Maria Boutsikou, Stavroula Baka, George Papadopoulos, Dimitrios Gourgiotis, Karl Philipp Puchner, Dimitrios Hassiakos, and Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner. "Perinatal Plasma Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Concentrations in Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Mediators of Inflammation 2007 (2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/65032.
Full textAbstract:
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays vital roles in immune response, angiogenesis, and pregnancy outcome. We investigated plasma MCP-1 concentrations in 40 mothers and their 20 intrauterine-growth-restricted (IUGR) and 20 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses and neonates on postnatal days 1 (N1) and 4 (N4). Maternal and fetal MCP-1 concentrations were decreased (P<001andP= .018, resp.), whereas N1 MCP-1 concentrations were elevated in IUGR group (P= .012). In both groups, fetal MCP-1 concentrations were lower compared to N1 and N4 ones (P= .045,P= .012, resp., for AGA,P<.001 in each case for IUGR). Reduced maternal and fetal MCP-1 concentrations in IUGR may reflect failure of trophoblast invasion, suggesting that down-regulation of MCP-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of IUGR. Increased MCP-1 concentrations in IUGR neonates and higher postnatal ones in all infants may be attributed to gradual initiation of ex utero angiogenesis, which is possibly enhanced in IUGR.
20
Briana, Despina D., and Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner. "Intrauterine growth restriction and adult disease: the role of adipocytokines." European Journal of Endocrinology 160, no. 3 (March 2009): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-08-0621.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is the failure of the fetus to achieve his/her intrinsic growth potential, due to anatomical and/or functional disorders and diseases in the feto–placental–maternal unit. IUGR results in significant perinatal and long-term complications, including the development of insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome in adulthood.The thrifty phenotype hypothesis holds that intrauterine malnutrition leads to an adaptive response that alters the fetal metabolic and hormonal milieu designed for intrauterine survival. This fetal programming predisposes to an increased susceptibility for chronic diseases. Although the mechanisms controlling intrauterine growth are poorly understood, adipose tissue may play an important role in linking poor fetal growth to the subsequent development of adult diseases. Adipose tissue secretes a number of hormones, called adipocytokines, important in modulating metabolism and recently involved in intrauterine growth.This review aims to summarize reported findings concerning the role of adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL6), visfatin, resistin, apelin) in early life, while attempting to speculate mechanisms through which differential regulation of adipocytokines in IUGR may influence the risk for development of chronic diseases in later life.
21
Li, Cun, Thomas J. McDonald, Guoyao Wu, Mark J. Nijland, and Peter W. Nathanielsz. "Intrauterine growth restriction alters term fetal baboon hypothalamic appetitive peptide balance." Journal of Endocrinology 217, no. 3 (March 12, 2013): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-13-0012.
Full textAbstract:
Neurons controlling appetite are located in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei (ARH). Offspring appetite regulation has been shown to be modified by dysregulation of ARH nuclear development. Most ARH developmental studies have been in altricial rodents whose hypothalamic development is predominantly postnatal. In primates including humans, much development of hypothalamic appetite regulatory centers occurs before birth. We hypothesized that i) appetitive peptides are abundantly expressed by 90 percent gestation (0.9G), ready for postnatal function; ii) by 0.9G, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the orexigenic:anorexigenic peptide ratio; iii) IUGR increases fetal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression; and iv) IUGR decreases STAT3, which signals inhibition of appetite. We developed a fetal baboon IUGR model resulting from reduced maternal nutrition. Pregnant baboons were fed ad libitum, controls (CTR; n=24), or 70% CTR diet to produce IUGR (n=14). C-section was performed at 0.9G. In CTR (n=7) and IUGR (n=6) fetal brains, ARH appetite regulatory peptides (neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC)) were quantified immunohistochemically. Fetal plasma cortisol was raised in IUGR fetuses. We observed that NPY and POMC were well expressed by 0.9G. IUGR increased NPY, GR, and active phosphorylated GR and decreased POMC and phosphorylated form of STAT3. We conclude that IUGR dysregulates ARH development in ways that will reset the appetitive neuropeptide balance in favor of increased appetite drive in postnatal life. We postulate that changes in peptide abundance are in part due to increased fetal cortisol and ARH GR. These changes may contribute to predisposition to obesity in IUGR offspring.
22
Shetty, Kiran Kumar, Krishnananda Nayak, Pratap Kumar, Ranjan Shetty, Jyothi ., Leslie Edward Lewis, and Shreemathi S. Maiyya. "ALTERED ARTERIAL DOPPLER FLOW PATTERN AND PERINATAL OUTCOME IN INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i3.16422.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTObjectives: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the common conditions that interfere with the growth of the fetus accounting for 10-15%of pregnant woman. Literature explores a wide range of incidence of perinatal complication including mortality among IUGR pregnancies. Limiteddata available on these complications confined to coastal Karnataka and its association with abnormal arterial Doppler flow pattern. To study theperinatal complications associated with IUGR pregnancies and its prevalence in comparison to healthy controls of comparable gestational age.Methods: This cohort study screened 53 IUGR fetuses by an antenatal scan at gestational age of 27 weeks or more. The diagnosis of IUGR was madeaccording to established criteria from SOGC clinical practice guidelines August 2013. The data also included 48 appropriate for gestational age fetuseswith healthy mothers with the comparable gestational week. Experienced cardiac sonographer and gynecologist performed fetal echocardiography(ECHO) using Vivid 7, GE health-care system ECHO machine with the convex transducer of frequency 1.7-2.4 MHz. The study was conducted at southIndian tertiary care center.Results: This study included 53 IUGR cases and 48 non-IUGR controls. The mean age was 27±4.37 and 26.88±3.14 years in IUGR and non-IUGRgroups, respectively. Fetal Doppler study variables showed a significant decrease in peak aortic velocity and velocity time integral which was notevident on other valves, though mitral antegrade flow during atrial contraction was found to be lower among IUGR group. In two-dimensional chamberquantification of IUGR group revealed significant increase in pulmonary artery dimension, right ventricular (RV) dimension and RV thickness than thecontrol group (p<0.05). The anthropometric parameters such as weight and length; abdomen circumference was significantly lower in IUGR group,whereas head circumference found to be more in IUGR group (p<0.001). The gestational weeks at delivery was significantly different among twogroups with IUGR group depicting the early delivery group. p<0.001(35.58±2.92 and 38.5±0.96 in IUGR and non-IUGR groups, respectively). IUGRgroup also had prolonged neonatal intensive care unit stay when compared to controls (p<0.001).Conclusions: IUGR carries profound course in altered Doppler indices and cardiac function which explore its prediction on mortality and adverseperinatal outcome. This study showed significant perinatal mortality accounting for 5.6% among IUGR cases when compared to normal. Althoughtissue Doppler indices show normal variants, IUGR possesses significant adverse perinatal outcome, however with lesser incidence compared tosevere form of IUGR subsets who show altered tissue annular velocities.Keywords: Intrauterine growth restriction, Echocardiography, Doppler, Perinatal.
23
McDougall, Annie R. A., Vanny Wiradjaja, Aminath Azhan, Anqi Li, Nadia Hale, Mary E. Wlodek, Stuart B. Hooper, Megan J. Wallace, and Mary Tolcos. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters the Postnatal Development of the Rat Cerebellum." Developmental Neuroscience 39, no. 1-4 (2017): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000470902.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major cause of antenatal brain injury. We aimed to characterize cerebellar deficits following IUGR and to investigate the potential underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. At embryonic day 18, pregnant rats underwent either sham surgery (controls; n = 23) or bilateral uterine vessel ligation to restrict blood flow to fetuses (IUGR; n = 20). Offspring were collected at postnatal day 2 (P2), P7, and P35. Body weights were reduced at P2, P7, and P35 in IUGR offspring (p < 0.05) compared with controls. At P7, the width of the external granule layer (EGL) was 30% greater in IUGR than control rats (p < 0.05); there was no difference in the width of the proliferative zone or in the density of Ki67-positive cells in the EGL. Bergmann glia were disorganized at P7 and P35 in IUGR pups, and by P35, there was a 10% decrease in Bergmann glial fiber density (p < 0.05) compared with controls. At P7, trophoblast antigen-2 (Trop2) mRNA and protein levels in the cerebellum were decreased by 88 and 40%, respectively, and astrotactin 1 mRNA levels were increased by 20% in the IUGR rats (p < 0.05) compared with controls; there was no difference in ASTN1 protein. The expressions of other factors known to regulate cerebellar development (astrotactin 2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4, neuregulin 1, sonic hedgehog and somatostatin) were not different between IUGR and control rats at P7 or P35. These data suggest that damage to the migratory scaffold (Bergmann glial fibers) and alterations in the genes that influence migration (Trop2 and Astn1) may underlie the deficits in postnatal cerebellar development following IUGR.
24
Seal, Ashish, Arup Dasgupta, Mousumi Sengupta, Rinini Dastider, and Sukanta Sen. "Analysis of fetal growth restriction in pregnancy in subjects attending in an obstetric clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180876.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal growth less than the normal growth potential of a specific infant because of genetic or environmental factors. Fetal growth restriction or intrauterine growth restriction is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in newborns. Fetal growth restriction is a complex multifactorial condition resulting from several fetal and maternal disorders. Objective of present study was to find out incidence of IUGR and assessment and evaluation of different important changes in IUGR.Methods: Women who attended the Obstetric OPD in their 1st trimester of pregnancy and those who were thought would be able to visit the antenatal clinic for their fortnightly check-up regularly were screened for intrauterine foetal growth retardation. Women with irregular and uncertain menstrual history and where the 1st trimester USG foetal crown rump length did not corroborate with the menstrual gestational age were excluded from this study.Results: Incidence of IUGR was 18.2% and 84% were found to be asymmetrical. IUGR was found to be double among primigravids and women above 30 years. It had been observed that IUGR was associated with certain conditions like short stature (52%), pregnancy induced hypertension (24%) and anaemia (12%).Conclusions: Thus, early USG screening along with robust screening for maternal BMI, nutritional status, and anaemia can assist the obstetric team in providing early diagnosis, prompt intervention, and better outcome in pregnancy with fetal growth restriction.
25
Menendez-Castro, Carlos, Nada Cordasic, Matthias Schmid, Fabian Fahlbusch, Wolfgang Rascher, Kerstin Amann, Karl F. Hilgers, and Andrea Hartner. "Intrauterine growth restriction promotes vascular remodelling following carotid artery ligation in rats." Clinical Science 123, no. 7 (June 7, 2012): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20110637.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological studies revealed an association between IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction) and an increased risk of developing CVDs (cardiovascular diseases), such as atherosclerosis or hypertension, in later life. Whether or not IUGR contributes to the development of atherosclerotic lesions, however, is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that IUGR aggravates experimentally induced vascular remodelling. IUGR was induced in rats by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy (8% protein diet). To detect possible differences in the development of vascular injury, a model of carotid artery ligation to induce vascular remodelling was applied in 8-week-old intrauterine-growth-restricted and control rat offspring. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in the ligated and non-ligated carotid arteries 8 weeks after ligation. IUGR alone neither caused overt histological changes nor significant dedifferentiation of VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). After carotid artery ligation, however, neointima formation, media thickness and media/lumen ratio were significantly increased in rats after IUGR compared with controls. Moreover, dedifferentiation of VSMCs and collagen deposition in the media were more prominent in ligated carotids from rats after IUGR compared with ligated carotids from control rats. We conclude that IUGR aggravates atherosclerotic vascular remodelling induced by a second injury later in life.
26
Ciobanu, Anca Marina, Anca Maria Panaitescu, Nicolae Gica, Ana Maria Scutelnicu, Alexandra Bouariu, and Mihaela Roxana Popescu. "Platelet Changes in Pregnancies with Severe Early Fetal Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Medicina 57, no. 12 (December 12, 2021): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57121355.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Objectives: In this study, we investigated the changes of platelet count and other platelet indices, such as mean platelet volume (MPV), in cases with severe early intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all pregnancies diagnosed with severe early onset IUGR, that were followed up in our hospital between 2010 and 2015 (before implementation of screening and prophylaxis with aspirin). Pregnancies which resulted in birth of a newborn with a birthweight less than 5th percentile for gestational age, that required delivery for fetal or maternal indication before 32 weeks, were selected for the IUGR group. The IUGR cases were divided into two groups according to preeclampsia (PE) association. All cases with a complete blood count (CBC) performed within 7 days prior to delivery were included in the study, as the IUGR group. The control group included normal singleton pregnancies, delivered at term, with birthweight above 10th centile and a CBC taken at 30–32 weeks. Results: There was a significant difference in platelet count and MPV values between the IUGR group and control. Cases with IUGR presented lower platelet count and higher MPV values; there was no significant difference of these parameters when PE was associated with IUGR. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in cases of severe early IUGR, even in the absence of clinically diagnosed PE, there may be maternal endothelial damage and platelet consumption in the systemic and uteroplacental circulation. Platelet count and MPV values are simple and widely available laboratory tests that might be used as indicator of placental insufficiency; however, prospective data are required to establish the mechanistic link and to which extent these parameters are good predictors of severity or adverse perinatal outcomes.
27
Gatford, Kathryn L., Gunveen Kaur, Filippe Falcão-Tebas, Glenn D. Wadley, Mary E. Wlodek, Rhianna C. Laker, Peter R. Ebeling, and Glenn K. McConell. "Exercise as an intervention to improve metabolic outcomes after intrauterine growth restriction." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 306, no. 9 (May 1, 2014): E999—E1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00456.2013.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals born after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at an increased risk of developing diabetes in their adult life. IUGR impairs β-cell function and reduces β-cell mass, thereby diminishing insulin secretion. IUGR also induces insulin resistance, with impaired insulin signaling in muscle in adult humans who were small for gestational age (SGA) and in rodent models of IUGR. There is epidemiological evidence in humans that exercise in adults can reduce the risk of metabolic disease following IUGR. However, it is not clear whether adult IUGR individuals benefit to the same extent from exercise as do normal-birth-weight individuals, as our rat studies suggest less of a benefit in those born IUGR. Importantly, however, there is some evidence from studies in rats that exercise in early life might be able to reverse or reprogram the long-term metabolic effects of IUGR. Studies are needed to address gaps in current knowledge, including determining the mechanisms involved in the reprogramming effects of early exercise in rats, whether exercise early in life or in adulthood has similar beneficial metabolic effects in larger animal models in which insulin resistance develops after IUGR. Human studies are also needed to determine whether exercise training improves insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity to the same extent in IUGR adults as in control populations. Such investigations will have implications for customizing the recommended level and timing of exercise to improve metabolic health after IUGR.
28
Artymuk, Natalya Vladimirovna, Aleksey Gennadyevich Trishkin, and Ekaterina Sergeevna Bikmetova. "PERINATAL OUTCOMES AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 61, no. 6 (December 15, 2012): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd61668-75.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents a review of sources concerning perinatal outcomes and long-term effects on children and adults born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Neonates with IUGR are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The conditions of antenatal fetal life may program the range of unfavorable long-term effects in adulthood. This requires further study of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of IUGR.
29
Eroğlu, Hasan, Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı, Gokcen Orgul, Derya Biriken, Aykan Yucel, Nuray Yazihan, and Dilek Uygur. "Is ProBNP a New Marker for Predicting Intrauterine Growth Restriction?" Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 225, no. 02 (March 10, 2021): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1382-8787.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the usability of first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples taken from 500 women who applied to our polyclinic for routine serum aneuploidy screening between the 11–14th gestational weeks were centrifuged. The obtained plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80+°C. For the final analysis, first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels of 32 women diagnosed with postpartum IUGR and 32 healthy women randomly selected as the control group were compared. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Results The mean ProBNP levels were statistically and significantly higher in the women with intrauterine growth restriction (113.73±94.69 vs. 58.33±47.70 pg/mL, p<0.01). At a cut-off level of 50.93, ProBNP accurately predicted occurrence of IUGR (AUC+= 0.794 (95% confidence interval 0.679–0.910), p+= 0.001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 78.1 and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester serum ProBNP level was significantly higher in women who developed IUGR compared to healthy controls. First-trimester ProBNP level can be used as a potential marker to predict the development of IUGR in pregnant women.
30
Ardiani, Yessi, Defrin Defrin, and Husna Yetti. "Differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 between Appropriate Neonates between Normal Birth Weight and Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (March 16, 2019): 736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.159.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) was defined as the growth of the fetus less than its normal potential growth due to genetic and environmental factors. One of the most widely believed causes of IUGR was impaired uteroplacental mechanism from mother to fetus. Furthermore, factor which was thought to affect placental growth was due to the influence of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) which play an important role in angiogenesis.
AIM: This study aims to determine differences in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and moderately mature Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-9) between normal birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design was a cross-sectional study at four hospitals in Padang city from August 2017-January 2018. The sample of this study was umbilical cord blood of appropriate gestational age neonate with normal birth weight (31 neonates) and IUGR (31 neonates) by consecutive sampling, samples taken from mothers who meet inclusion criteria. BDNF and MMP-9 levels were analysed by ELISA. The differences between normal birth weight and IUGR test were followed by unpaired T-test.
RESULTS: The results showed that BDNF levels in normal neonates was 1.58 ± 0.23 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 ng/ml (p = 0.001). MMP-9 levels in normal neonates was 1.09 ± 0.20 ng/ml and in IUGR neonates were 1.25 ± 0.35 (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study was BDNF of moderately mature neonates was significantly higher in normal birth weight compared to intrauterine growth restriction, and the moderately high MMP-9 neonates were significantly higher in intrauterine growth restriction compared with normal birth weight.
31
Fahlbusch, F. B., A. Hartner, C. Menendez-Castro, S. C. Nögel, I. Marek, M. W. Beckmann, E. Schleussner, et al. "The placental mTOR-pathway: correlation with early growth trajectories following intrauterine growth restriction?" Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 4 (May 20, 2015): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415001154.
Full textAbstract:
Idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a result of impaired placental nutrient supply. Newborns with IUGR exhibiting postnatal catch-up growth are of higher risk for cardiovascular and metabolic co-morbidities in adult life. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was recently shown to function as a placental nutrient sensor. Thus, we determined possible correlations of members of the placental mTOR signaling cascade with auxologic parameters of postnatal growth. The protein expression and activity of mTOR-pathway signaling components, Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase α, mTOR, p70S6kinase1 and insulin receptor substrate-1 were analysed via western blotting in IUGR v. matched appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) placentas. Moreover, mTOR was immunohistochemically stained in placental sections. Data from western blot analyses were correlated with retrospective auxological follow-up data at 1 year of age. We found significant catch-up growth in the 1st year of life in the IUGR group. MTOR and its activated form are immunohistochemically detected in multiple placental compartments. We identified correlations of placental mTOR-pathway signaling components to auxological data at birth and at 1 year of life in IUGR. Analysis of the protein expression and phosphorylation level of mTOR-pathway components in IUGR and AGA placentas postpartum, however, did not reveal pathognomonic changes. Our findings suggest that the level of activated mTOR correlates with early catch-up growth following IUGR. However, the complexity of signals converging at the mTOR nexus and its cellular distribution pattern seem to limit its potential as biomarker in this setting.
32
Mandò, C., C. De Palma, T. Stampalija, G. M. Anelli, M. Figus, C. Novielli, F. Parisi, E. Clementi, E. Ferrazzi, and I. Cetin. "Placental mitochondrial content and function in intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 306, no. 4 (February 15, 2014): E404—E413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00426.2013.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pregnancy hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia (PE) associated with IUGR share a common placental phenotype called “placental insufficiency”, originating in early gestation when high availability of energy is required. Here, we assess mitochondrial content and the expression and activity of respiratory chain complexes (RCC) in placental cells of these pathologies. We measured mitochondrial (mt)DNA and nuclear respiratory factor 1 ( NRF1) expression in placental tissue and cytotrophoblast cells, gene and protein expressions of RCC (real-time PCR and Western blotting) and their oxygen consumption, using the innovative technique of high-resolution respirometry. We analyzed eight IUGR, six PE, and eight uncomplicated human pregnancies delivered by elective cesarean section. We found lower mRNA levels of complex II, III, and IV in IUGR cytotrophoblast cells but no differences at the protein level, suggesting a posttranscriptional compensatory regulation. mtDNA was increased in IUGR placentas. Both mtDNA and NRF1 expression were instead significantly lower in their isolated cytotrophoblast cells. Finally, cytotrophoblast RCC activity was significantly increased in placentas of IUGR fetuses. No significant differences were found in PE placentas. This study provides genuine new data into the complex physiology of placental oxygenation in IUGR fetuses. The higher mitochondrial content in IUGR placental tissue is reversed in cytotrophoblast cells, which instead present higher mitochondrial functionality. This suggests different mitochondrial content and activity depending on the placental cell lineage. Increased placental oxygen consumption might represent a limiting step in fetal growth restriction, preventing adequate oxygen delivery to the fetus.
33
Singh, Arpita, and Ambujam K. "Maternal socio-demographic determinants and fetal outcome of intrauterine growth restriction." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183805.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Intrauterine Growth Restriction is a major neonatal health issue. It is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal factors are the major contributing factors of IUGR and studying these factors can help in preventing IUGR and reducing perinatal mortality. The objective is to study the maternal sociodemographic risk factors associated with Intra uterine growth restriction.Methods: This is a Case-control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GMC Thrissur. 115 cases of Intra Uterine Growth Restriction were compared to 115 controls. Data was collected by interviewing the mother using structured questionnaire which is pretested and by persual of antenatal records. Intra Uterine Growth Restriction is defined as occurring if the sonographic estimated fetal weight <10th percentile for that gestational age. Chi Square test was used for the analysis of data.Results: Low socio-economic status and malnutrition (BMI<18.5) were significant socio-demographic factors associated with fetal growth restriction. Mean birth weight in IUGR group was 1.8kg compared to 2.9kg in control group. Female fetuses were more commonly associated with IUGR. Intra Uterine Growth Restricted babies had lower Apgar scores (<7) and had more chances for NICU admission.Conclusions: By studying the maternal risk factors associated with Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, we could identify the high-risk group. Early predictive studies could be done in these high-risk pregnancies with focus on good antenatal care to reduce the problem of IUGR in the community.
34
Brown, Laura D., Paul J. Rozance, Jennifer L. Bruce, Jacob E. Friedman, William W. Hay, and Stephanie R. Wesolowski. "Limited capacity for glucose oxidation in fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 309, no. 8 (October 15, 2015): R920—R928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00197.2015.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetal sheep, produced by placental insufficiency, have lower oxygen concentrations, higher lactate concentrations, and increased hepatic glucose production that is resistant to suppression by insulin. We hypothesized that increased lactate production in the IUGR fetus results from reduced glucose oxidation, during basal and maximal insulin-stimulated conditions, and is used to support glucose production. To test this, studies were performed in late-gestation control (CON) and IUGR fetal sheep under basal and hyperinsulinemic-clamp conditions. The basal glucose oxidation rate was similar and increased by 30–40% during insulin clamp in CON and IUGR fetuses ( P < 0.005). However, the fraction of glucose oxidized was 15% lower in IUGR fetuses during basal and insulin-clamp periods ( P = 0.05). IUGR fetuses also had four-fold higher lactate concentrations ( P < 0.001) and lower lactate uptake rates ( P < 0.05). In IUGR fetal muscle and liver, mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase ( PDK4), an inhibitor of glucose oxidation, was increased over fourfold. In IUGR fetal liver, but not skeletal muscle, mRNA expression of lactate dehydrogenase A ( LDHA) was increased nearly fivefold. Hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic genes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ( PCK)1, and PCK2, was correlated with expression of PDK4 and LDHA. Collectively, these in vivo and tissue data support limited capacity for glucose oxidation in the IUGR fetus via increased PDK4 in skeletal muscle and liver. We speculate that lactate production also is increased, which may supply carbon for glucose production in the IUGR fetal liver.
35
Dai, Yun, Shanthie Thamotharan, Meena Garg, Bo-Chul Shin, and Sherin U. Devaskar. "Superimposition of Postnatal Calorie Restriction Protects the Aging Male Intrauterine Growth- Restricted Offspring from Metabolic Maladaptations." Endocrinology 153, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 4216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1206.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in dysregulated glucose homeostasis and adiposity in the adult. We hypothesized that with aging, these perturbations will wane, and superimposition of postnatal growth restriction (PNGR) on IUGR [intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction (IPGR)] will reverse the residual IUGR phenotype. We therefore undertook hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, energy balance, and physical activity studies during fed, fasted, and refed states, in light and dark cycles, on postweaned chow diet-fed more than 17-month aging male IUGR, PNGR, and IPGR vs. control (CON) rat offspring. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp revealed similar whole-body insulin sensitivity and physical activity in the nonobese IUGR vs. CON, despite reduced heat production and energy expenditure. Compared with CON and IUGR, IPGR mimicking PNGR was lean and growth restricted with increased physical activity, O2 consumption (VO2), energy intake, and expenditure. Although insulin sensitivity was no different in IPGR and PNGR, skeletal muscle insulin-induced glucose uptake was enhanced. This presentation proved protective against the chronologically earlier (5.5 months) development of obesity and dysregulated energy homeostasis after 19 wk on a postweaned high-fat diet. This protective role of PNGR on the metabolic IUGR phenotype needs future fine tuning aimed at minimizing unintended consequences.
36
Rashid, Cetewayo S., Amita Bansal, and Rebecca A. Simmons. "Oxidative Stress, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, and Developmental Programming of Type 2 Diabetes." Physiology 33, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00023.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to reduced birth weight and the development of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress are commonly found in key tissues (pancreatic islets, liver, and skeletal muscle) of IUGR individuals. In this review, we explore the role of oxidative stress in IUGR-associated diabetes etiology.
37
Kreko, Evelina, Ermira Kola, Festime Sadikaj, Blerta Dardha, and Eduard Tushe. "Neonatal Morbidity in Late Preterm Infants Associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 21 (October 14, 2019): 3592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.832.
Full textAbstract:
AIM: This study aims to compare the neonatal morbidity of Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) Late Preterm (LP) babies, to those born Late Preterm but evaluated as Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA).
METHODS: The study is a 2-year prospective one that used data from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) charts of LP neonates born in our tertiary maternity hospital “Koço Gliozheni” in Tirana. Congenital anomalies and genetical syndromes are excluded. Neonatal morbidity of IUGR Late Preterm is compared to those born Late Preterm but evaluated as AGA. OR and CI, 95% is calculated.
RESULTS: Out of 336 LP babies treated in NICU, 88 resulted with IUGR and 206 AGA used as a control group. We found significantly higher morbidity in the IUGR group for hypoglycemia, polycythemia, feeding intolerance, birth asphyxia and seizures, secondary sepsis have higher morbidity but the difference is not significant. No differences were found for hyperbilirubinemia in both groups. No neonatal deaths were observed in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Our study showed that late preterm IUGR has a significantly higher risk for neonatal morbidity when compared to late preterm AGA babies.
38
Figueras, Francesc, Eva Meler, and José M. Carrera. "Ultrasound and Doppler Management of Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 4, no. 3 (2010): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1148.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Review of present knowledge about fetal growth, and clinical and ultrasonography diagnosis of Intrauterine growth restriction by means of 2D and 3D. The review included the diagnosis of type of IUGR and the study of fetal deterioration (Chronic Tests and Acute Markers). Also the obstetrics management.
39
Butt, Sabar, Syed Amir Gilani, Asif Hanif, Syeda Khadija, and Raham Bacha. "Comparison of Placental Elasticity and Different Spectral Doppler Indices in Normal and Intrauterine Growth Restricted Fetuses." Annals of King Edward Medical University 27, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v27i4.4888.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Comparison of Placental Elasticity and different spectral Doppler indices in normal and intrauterine growth restricted fetuses to establish efficacy of shear wave elastography in early detection of Intrauterine Growth Restricted (IUGR). Design: Cross sectional comparative. 290 pregnant women previously diagnosed by ultrasound as normal and intrauterine growth restriction fetuses which were included in this study, placental elasicity in both groups was evalauted by SWE (shearwave elastography) and compared. Methods: Primarily both groups were scanned for grayscale and Color Doppler ultrasonography in which we took the measurements of resistivity and pulsatility indices of umbilical artery (UA), uterine artery and MCA (middle cerebral artery). In these groups placental elasticity was evaluated by SWE .The ratios of strain were compared between both groups. Statistical study was carried out by using Mann-Whitney test. Cut-off values for elasticity were analyzed by plotting receiver operative characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity. Specificity and DA
(diagnostic accuracy) for IUGR were designed established on Shear wave elastography measurements. Results: The mean placental elasticity in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and in normal groups was 28.71+7.28 and 5.64+1.53, respectively while in the IUGR group median placental elasticity was 27+7 and 5.50+2 with statistically elevated median among patients in the IUGR group (P
40
Thangaratnarajah, Chansutha, Katharina Dinger, Christina Vohlen, Christian Klaudt, Jawed Nawabi, Eva Lopez Garcia, Grazyna Kwapiszewska, et al. "Novel role of NPY in neuroimmune interaction and lung growth after intrauterine growth restriction." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 313, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): L491—L506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00432.2016.
Full textAbstract:
Individuals with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at risk for chronic lung disease. Using a rat model, we showed in our previous studies that altered lung structure is related to IL-6/STAT3 signaling. As neuropeptide Y (NPY), a coneurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system, regulates proliferation and immune response, we hypothesized that dysregulated NPY after IUGR is linked to IL-6, impaired myofibroblast function, and alveolar growth. IUGR was induced in rats by isocaloric low-protein diet; lungs were analyzed on embryonic day (E) 21, postnatal day (P) 3, P12, and P23. Finally, primary neonatal lung myofibroblasts (pnF) and murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were used to assess proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and IL-6 expression. At E21, NPY and IL-6 expression was decreased, and AKT/PKC and STAT3/AMPKα signaling was reduced. Early reduction of NPY/IL-6 was associated with increased chord length in lungs after IUGR at P3, indicating reduced alveolar formation. At P23, however, IUGR rats exhibited a catch-up of body weight and alveolar growth coupled with more proliferating myofibroblasts. These structural findings after IUGR were linked to activated NPY/PKC, IL-6/AMPKα signaling. Complementary, IUGR-pnF showed increased survival, impaired migration, and reduced IL-6 compared with control-pnF (Co-pnF). In contrast, NPY induced proliferation, migration, and increased IL-6 synthesis in fibroblasts. Additionally, NPY−/− mice showed reduced IL-6 signaling and less proliferation of lung fibroblasts. Our study presents a novel role of NPY during alveolarization: NPY regulates 1) IL-6 and lung STAT3/AMPKα signaling, and 2) proliferation and migration of myofibroblasts. These new insights in pulmonary neuroimmune interaction offer potential strategies to enable lung growth.
41
Chang, Jill L., Mirrah Bashir, Christiana Santiago, Kathryn Farrow, Camille Fung, Ashley S. Brown, Robert W. Dettman, and Maria L. V. Dizon. "Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hyperoxia as a Cause of White Matter Injury." Developmental Neuroscience 40, no. 4 (2018): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494273.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is estimated to occur in 5% of pregnancies, with placental insufficiency being the most common cause in developed countries. While it is known that white matter injury occurs in premature infants, the extent of IUGR on white matter injury is less defined in term infants. We used a novel murine model that utilizes a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) analog (U46619), a potent vasoconstrictor, to induce maternal hypertension and mimic human placental insufficiency-induced IUGR to study the white matter. We also investigated the role of hyperoxia as an additional risk factor for white matter injury, as IUGR infants are at increased risk of respiratory comorbidities leading to increased oxygen exposure. We found that TXA2 analog-induced IUGR results in white matter injury as demonstrated by altered myelin structure and changes in the oligodendroglial cell/oligodendrocyte population. In addition, our study demonstrates that hyperoxia exposure independently results in white matter perturbation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report single and combined effects of IUGR with hyperoxia impacting the white matter and motor function. These results draw attention to the need for close monitoring of motor development in IUGR babies following hospital discharge as well as highlighting the importance of limiting, as clinically feasible, the degree of oxygen overexposure to potentially improve motor outcomes in this population of infants.
42
Wang, Kimberley C. W., Alan L. James, and Peter B. Noble. "Fetal Growth Restriction and Asthma: Is the Damage Done?" Physiology 36, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00042.2020.
Full textAbstract:
Trajectories of airway remodeling and functional impairment in asthma are consistent with the notion that airway pathology precedes or coincides with the onset of asthma symptoms and may be present at birth. An association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and asthma development has also been established, and there is value in understanding the underlying mechanism. This review considers airway pathophysiology as a consequence of IUGR that increases susceptibility to asthma.
43
Sinha, Surbhi, and Vilas N. Kurude. "Study of obstetric outcome in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 5 (April 28, 2018): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181918.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The prevalence of low birth weight affects approximately 3-10% of live-born newborns in developed countries and 15-20% of newborns.in developing countries. The most common cause of low birth weight is considered to be intrauterine foetal growth restriction. IUGR being an outcome of multiple etiologies and as indicated by the literature survey varies upon population statistics in terms of economic status as well as maternal health conditions.Methods: This study includes 100 patients with foetal growth restriction in a tertiary health care centre in Mumbai over a period of 11/2 year (Jan 2015 to July2016) and the relevant data of these patients such as indoor registration number, maternal age, parity, antenatal registration and referral details, medical, obstetric, social risk factors and feto-maternal outcome were collected using a predesigned proforma.Results: Incidence of IUGR in our study population was found to be 2.13% of which maximum number of cases (48%) were seen in the age group of 21-25 years. Low socio-economic group, maternal high-risk factors like Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were associated with low Mean Birth weights of babies. Symphysio-fundal height was found to be a sensitive predictor of IUGR and the ratio HC/AC was associated with prediction of type of IUGR (p=0.000). 83% cases were found to have asymmetric IUGR while 17% cases had symmetric IUGR. The Perinatal Mortality Rate was found to be 1.92 per 1000 live births with 5% still births and 8% neonatal deaths, the most common causes of neonatal death being sepsis (44.4%) and respiratory distress syndrome (44.4%).Conclusions: Accurate dating, provision of early registration with regular antenatal checkup, clinico- sonographic evaluation and correlation for fetal growth in high risk patients and strict antepartum surveillance after IUGR has been identified are recommended. Integration of foetal anatomy assessment, amniotic fluid dynamics, uterine, umbilical, and foetal middle cerebral artery Doppler is the most effective approach to differentiate potentially manageable placenta-based Fetal Growth Restriction(FGR) from IUGR due to aneuploidy, non- aneuploid syndromes, and viral infection.
44
Dybjer, E., J. Linvik, and P. M. Nilsson. "Civil unrest linked to intrauterine growth restriction in western Kenya." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 5, no. 5 (August 4, 2014): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174414000348.
Full textAbstract:
Risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have previously been identified, but few studies have described the relationship between IUGR and maternal stress caused by exposure to civil unrest. Here, we investigate this relationship during the Mount Elgon crisis in western Kenya between 2006 and 2008, following a period of violence. Birth weight data were compared between three hospitals in an exposed area, Mount Elgon (n=570), and one hospital in a control area, Kimilili (n=530). In a sub-analysis, the most stress exposed hospital, Bungoma West (n=211), was compared with the control hospital in Kimilili. Adjustments were made for offspring sex, gestational age and parity. The difference in mean birth weight between the most stress-exposed hospital (Bungoma West) and the control hospital (Kimilili) was 91 g after full adjustment (P=0.041). In conclusion, epidemiological data suggest a significant relationship between exposure to civil unrest and IUGR causing lower birth weight.
45
Shrestha, Abha. "Analysis of frequency and risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction." International Journal of Scientific Reports 4, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20175936.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses are at greater risk of developing fetal hypoxia, neonatal complications, impaired neurodevelopment, and also neonatal intensive care unit stay and neonatal mortality. They are also known to develop metabolic syndrome in adult life. So, the main objective of this study was to find out the frequency of intrauterine growth restriction, to identify the maternal and placental risk factors associated with intrauterine growth restriction and its perinatal outcome amongst pregnant women attending the Obstetric Outpatient Department in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">A prospective study was conducted from June 2011 to June 2017, at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kavre, Nepal. A singleton pregnancy, above 28 weeks of gestation with clinical diagnosis of IUGR and confirmed by ultrasonography were included in the study. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 software. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Maternal risk factors like preeclampsia, anaemia, low pregnancy body mass index and placental factors like retroplacental hemorrhage were mainly responsible for intrauterine growth restriction</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Antenatal risk factors responsible for IUGR are important for the management of IUGR pregnancies and to prevent adverse perinatal outcome. </span></p>
46
Manapurath, Rukman, Barsha Gadapani, and Luís Pereira-da-Silva. "Body Composition of Infants Born with Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14051085.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may predispose metabolic diseases in later life. Changes in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) may explain this metabolic risk. This review studied the effect of IUGR on body composition in early infancy. Five databases and included studies from all countries published from 2000 until August 2021 were searched. Participants were IUGR or small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants, and the primary outcomes were FFM and FM. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which seven were included in the meta-analysis of primary outcomes. Overall, intrauterine growth-restricted and SGA infants were lighter and shorter than normal intrauterine growth and appropriate-for-gestational age infants, respectively, from birth to the latest follow up. They had lower FFM [mean difference −429.19 (p = 0.02)] and FM [mean difference −282.9 (p < 0.001)]. The issue of whether lower FFM and FM as reasons for future metabolic risk in IUGR infants is intriguing which could be explored in further research with longer follow-up. This review, the first of its kind can be useful for developing nutrition targeted interventions for IUGR infants in future.
47
Lim, Kyungjoon, Paul Lombardo, Michal Schneider-Kolsky, Lucinda Hilliard, Kate M. Denton, and M. Jane Black. "Induction of hyperglycemia in adult intrauterine growth-restricted rats: effects on renal function." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 301, no. 2 (August 2011): F288—F294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00564.2010.
Full textAbstract:
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to a reduction in nephron endowment at birth and is linked to renal dysfunction in adulthood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether kidneys of IUGR rat offspring are more vulnerable to a secondary insult of hyperglycemia. IUGR was induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats by maternal protein restriction. At 24 wk of age, diabetes was induced in male IUGR and non-IUGR offspring by streptozotocin injection; insulin was injected daily to maintain blood glucose levels at either a mild (7–10 mmol/l; n=8/group) or a moderate (10–15 mmol/l; n=8/group) level. At 32 wk of age, renal function was assessed using ultrasound and [3H]inulin and [14C]para-aminohippurate clearance techniques. Conscious mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged in IUGR offspring. Relative kidney length was increased significantly in IUGR offspring, and renal function was altered significantly; of importance, there was a significant increase in filtration fraction, indicative of glomerular hyperfiltration. Induction of hyperglycemia led to marked impairment of renal function. However, the response to hyperglycemia was not different between IUGR and non-IUGR offspring. Maintaining blood glucose levels at a mild hyperglycemic level led to marked improvement in all measures of renal function in IUGR and non-IUGR offspring. In conclusion, while the IUGR offspring showed evidence of hyperfiltration, the response to hyperglycemia was similar in IUGR and non-IUGR kidneys in adulthood. Importantly, maintaining blood glucose levels at a mild hyperglycemic level markedly attenuated the renal dysfunction associated with diabetes, even in IUGR offspring.
48
Ortigosa Rocha, Cristiane, Roberto Eduardo Bittar, and Marcelo Zugaib. "Neonatal Outcomes of Late-Preterm Birth Associated or Not with Intrauterine Growth Restriction." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/231842.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To compare neonatal morbidity and mortality between late-preterm intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants of the comparable gestational ages (GAs).Methods. We retrospectively analyzed neonatal morbidity and mortality of 50 singleton pregnancies involving fetuses with IUGR delivered between 34 and 36 6/7 weeks of GA due to maternal and/or fetal indication. The control group consisted of 36 singleton pregnancies with spontaneous preterm delivery at the same GA, in which the infant was AGA. Categorical data were compared between IUGR and AGA pregnancies by analysis and Fisher's exact test. Ordinal measures were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.Results. The length of stay of newborns in the nursery, as well as the need for and duration of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit, was longer in the group with IUGR. Transient tachypnea of the newborn or apnea rates did not differ significantly between the IUGR and AGA groups. IUGR infants were found to be at a higher risk of intraventricular hemorrhage. No respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage or bronchopulmonary dysplasia was observed in either group. The frequency of sepsis, thrombocytopenia and hyperbilirubinemia was similar in the two groups. Hypoglycemia was more frequent in the IUGR group. No neonatal death was observed.Conclusion. Our study showed that late-preterm IUGR infants present a significantly higher risk of neonatal complications when compared to late-preterm AGA infants.
49
Raz, Sarah, Angela K. DeBastos, Julie Bapp Newman, and Daniel Batton. "Intrauterine Growth and Neuropsychological Performance in Very Low Birth Weight Preschoolers." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 2 (February 3, 2012): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617711001767.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this study we examined the association between intrauterine growth, indexed either as a categorical variable or continuous dimension, and neuropsychological outcome, in a very low birth weight (VLBW) sample of 143 preschoolers. When the commonly used split at the 10th percentile rank was applied to classify intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), we found that the growth restricted group (n = 25) exhibited significantly poorer performance in the global motor domain, but not on any other neuropsychological measure. In contrast, when adequacy of intrauterine growth was indexed by standardized birth weight, a continuous dimension, this early risk factor explained a unique portion of the variance in global cognitive abilities and visuospatial skills, as well as in global, fine, and gross motor skills. These findings are consistent with recent magnetic resonance imaging data disclosing global neurodevelopmental changes in the brains of preterm infants with IUGR. When cases classified with IUGR (<10th percentile) were excluded, the relationship between adequacy of intrauterine growth and global cognitive abilities remained significant despite range restriction. Hence, an association between appropriateness of intrauterine growth and global intellectual outcome may be observed even within the population of VLBW preschoolers with adequate standardized birth weight. (JINS, 2012, 18, 200–211)
50
Battista, Marie-Claude, Luc L. Oligny, Jean St-Louis, and Michèle Brochu. "Intrauterine growth restriction in rats is associated with hypertension and renal dysfunction in adulthood." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 283, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): E124—E131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00004.2001.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological studies have produced evidence that unfavorable intrauterine environments during fetal life may lead to adverse outcomes in adulthood. We have previously shown that a low-sodium diet, given to pregnant rats over the last week of gestation, results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We hypothesize that pups born with IUGR are more susceptible to the development of hypertension in adulthood. IUGR fetuses and rats aged 1 wk were characterized for organ growth and renal morphogenesis. The adults (12 wk) were evaluated for weight, systolic blood pressure, activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and renal function; hearts and kidneys underwent a histological examination. Brain and cardiac ventricle-to-body ratios were increased in IUGR fetuses compared with age-matched controls, whereas the kidney-to-body ratio was unchanged. Systolic blood pressure was elevated in both IUGR male and female adults. Plasma aldosterone levels were not correlated with increased plasma renin activity. Moreover, urinary sodium was decreased, whereas plasma urea was elevated in both males and females, and creatinine levels were augmented only in females, suggesting a glomerular filtration impairment in IUGR. In our model of IUGR induced by a low-sodium diet given to pregnant rats, high blood pressure, alteration of the RAAS, and renal dysfunction are observed in adult life. Differences observed between male and female adults suggest the importance of gender in outcomes in adulthood after IUGR.