Academic literature on the topic 'Intrinsic barriers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intrinsic barriers"
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Coughlan, Jenn M., and Daniel R. Matute. "The importance of intrinsic postzygotic barriers throughout the speciation process." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1806 (July 13, 2020): 20190533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0533.
Full textAbstract:
Intrinsic postzygotic barriers can play an important and multifaceted role in speciation, but their contribution is often thought to be reserved to the final stages of the speciation process. Here, we review how intrinsic postzygotic barriers can contribute to speciation, and how this role may change through time. We outline three major contributions of intrinsic postzygotic barriers to speciation. (i) reduction of gene flow : intrinsic postzygotic barriers can effectively reduce gene exchange between sympatric species pairs. We discuss the factors that influence how effective incompatibilities are in limiting gene flow. (ii) early onset of species boundaries via rapid evolution : intrinsic postzygotic barriers can evolve between recently diverged populations or incipient species, thereby influencing speciation relatively early in the process. We discuss why the early origination of incompatibilities is expected under some biological models, and detail how other (and often less obvious) incompatibilities may also serve as important barriers early on in speciation. (iii) reinforcement : intrinsic postzygotic barriers can promote the evolution of subsequent reproductive isolation through processes such as reinforcement, even between relatively recently diverged species pairs. We incorporate classic and recent empirical and theoretical work to explore these three facets of intrinsic postzygotic barriers, and provide our thoughts on recent challenges and areas in the field in which progress can be made. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.
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Stepien, Bogdan, Czeslaw Jedrzejek, and Roland E. Allen. "Dangling-bond resonances and intrinsic Schottky barriers." Solid State Communications 69, no. 6 (February 1989): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(89)90053-7.
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Mitchell, David John, H. Bernhard Schlegel, Sason S. Shaik, and Saul Wolfe. "Relationships between geometries and energies of identity SN2 transition states: the dominant role of the distortion energy and its origin." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-276.
Full textAbstract:
At the 4-31G computational level, the intrinsic barriers of eight identity SN2 reactions X− + CH3X → XCH3 + X− are less than the energies required to distort CH3X from its ground state geometry to its transition state geometry by a constant 25 kcal/mol. The distortion energy and its C—X stretching and H—C—X bending components can be calculated directly, or, alternatively, estimated from the force constants and bond dissociation energies of CH3X. Regardless of the mode of computation, the distortion energies are found to be dominated by the C—X stretching deformations, and these are linearly correlated with the intrinsic barriers. The total deformation energies are also linearly correlated with the intrinsic barriers. The transition vectors of the eight identity reactions have been calculated; each is dominated by the C—X stretch. The percentage of C—X stretching at the transition state, here termed the Distortion Index (DI), reflects the "tightness" or "looseness" of this structure. The intrinsic barrier increases as the DI increases, i.e., as the transition state becomes more "exploded". This result does not agree with the predictions of a More O'Ferrall–Jencks potential energy surface diagram. However, as shown in some detail, all of the computational results of the present work are in harmony with the surface crossing diagram model of the barrier. The essential feature of this model is the notion that the activation process in an identity SN2 reaction is a result of the distortion that is required to transfer one electron from X− to CH3X.
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Ghoneim, Hazem E., Anthony E. Zamora, Paul G. Thomas, and Ben A. Youngblood. "Cell-Intrinsic Barriers of T Cell-Based Immunotherapy." Trends in Molecular Medicine 22, no. 12 (December 2016): 1000–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2016.10.002.
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Lee, Ikchoon, Chan Kyung Kim, and Chang Kon Kim. "Intrinsic barriers for imbalanced versus balanced transition structures." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 12, no. 3 (March 1999): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1395(199903)12:3<255::aid-poc150>3.0.co;2-1.
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Adachi-Mejia, Anna M., Keith M. Drake, Todd A. MacKenzie, Linda Titus-Ernstoff, Meghan R. Longacre, Kristy M. Hendricks, Michael L. Beach, and Madeline A. Dalton. "Perceived Intrinsic Barriers to Physical Activity Among Rural Mothers." Journal of Women's Health 19, no. 12 (December 2010): 2197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2009.1879.
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Richard, J. P., T. L. Amyes, and K. B. Williams. "Intrinsic barriers to the formation and reaction of carbocations." Pure and Applied Chemistry 70, no. 10 (October 30, 1998): 2007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199870102007.
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Creasy, W. R., and J. M. Farrar. "Intrinsic barriers in gas-phase dehydration reactions: an experimental probe." Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 19 (September 1985): 3952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100265a003.
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Bernasconi, Claude F. "Intrinsic barriers of reactions and the principle of nonperfect synchronization." Accounts of Chemical Research 20, no. 8 (August 1987): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00140a006.
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Majumdar, Amlan. "Effects of intrinsic spin on electronic transport through magnetic barriers." Physical Review B 54, no. 17 (November 1, 1996): 11911–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.54.11911.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Intrinsic barriers"
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Kruger, Johanna Aletta. "Die begeleidingsrol van ouers met kinders wat leerobstruksies ondervind / Johanna Aletta Kruger." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7848.
Full textAbstract:
Every person (also the learner) has a need to fulfill his full potential. To be successful in
fulfilling one's potential, the learner needs the accompaniment of an adult, as no person
can reach selfactualisation without this accompaniment. The way in which the adult
(parent) accompanies the learner, is of utmost importance. If the parent commits an
educational error by not putting the educational essences into practice, it can lead to
intrinsic barriers to learning, which manifests as learning problems, or specific
educational needs, in a learner.
Research was conducted to determine the accompaniment role of parents with children
who experience barriers to learning, in Grade 4 - 7, in the Vanderbijlpark district. The
aim was to determine the extent to which parents apply the educational essences to their
children (learners) who experience barriers to learning.
The main conclusion from the research is that the majority of parents do apply some of the
educational essences. It is clear however that some parents omit I neglect to put the
educational essences into practice, or make errors in educating their children.
Recommendations are offered with regard to ways in which parents can apply the
educational essences to their children (learners) who experience barriers to learning as
well as towards further research in this regard.Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004
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Xie, Yun. "Excited-State Hydroxide Ion Transfer From A Model Xanthanol Photobase." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1430615852.
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Marsh, Richard. "Motor development in six to seven year old children with identified intrinsic barriers to learning: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26855.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand,
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Physiotherapy)
Johannesburg, 2017.Background: Research has proven that conditions such as developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are becoming more prevalent in children of school going age and that children presenting with these conditions have intrinsic barriers to learning. ADHD has been found in 3-5% of children. A 2001 census in South Africa showed 12% of the population had intellectual disabilities and 7% communication problems. A 2011 South African census show 3, 2% of the South African population aged five and above has mild concentration/remembering difficulties. When a child has poor performance, this can cause low self-esteem, poor social functioning, risk of obesity and vascular disease. The comorbidity between DCD and ADHD has been considered at a rate of 50%. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether children with intrinsic barriers to learning have specific motor development deficits. Method: There were 27 participants assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second version (M-ABC 2). The children were recruited from a private remedial school in Honeydew, South Africa and were identified as having intrinsic barriers to learning. The assessment looked at Aiming and Catching, Balance and Manual Dexterity. Each participant was assessed once. These results were analysed by looking at the prominent deficit and correlation to demographics or conditions. An ANOVA analysis was done to compare the different between conditions to Aiming and Catching, Balance and Manual Dexterity. Results: There were 10 females and 17 male children enrolled in the study. The mean age was seven years three months and fourteen days. The standard deviation of age was ±140.6 days. The most common diagnosis was ADHD (48%) followed by speech problems (33%). The Manual Dexterity mean score was 7.82 (± 2.22), the Aiming and Catching mean score was 9.78 (± 3.28) and the Balance mean score was 7.59 (± 2.91). The total mean score for the M-ABC was 7.63 (± 2.84). Manual dexterity and Balance scores were both significantly lower than the Aiming and Catching scores (p=0.02 and p=0.01, respectively). The results indicated no significant difference between the Manual Dexterity and Balance scores (p= 0.55). The ANOVA analysis showed that children with speech problems scored slightly higher in Manual Dexterity than children with anxiety problems and processing problems but this difference was not significant (p=0.52). Children with ADHD and speech problems appeared to score slightly higher in Aiming and Catching than children with anxiety problems and processing problems but this was not significantly different (p=0.15). Children with processing problems scored significantly higher (p=0.03) in Balance than children with the other conditions. Conclusion: Children who have intrinsic barriers to learning have been recognised to have motor deficits that fall into the diagnosis of DCD. It is important to assess these children to optimise their intervention program; not just from a cognitive aspect but from a motor aspect as well. The results of this study found that Manual Dexterity and Balance are motor components that were the most affected. Addressing these aspects may help improve the activity levels and participation of these children.
LG2019
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Ewart, Mariska. "Ekstrinsieke bevorderingshindernisse by die onderwyseres / Mariska Ewart." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11026.
Full textAbstract:
Research problem:
The research revolved around the problem: What extrinsic barriers play a role in the
promotion of the female educator and to what extent are these barriers experienced?
Research objectives:
Arising from the problem, the aim of the research firstly was to determine from the
literature what the nature of extrinsic promotion barriers were within and outside the
school. Secondly, to establish empirically the extent to which extrinsic barriers influenced
the career promotion of female educators in secondary schools. Thirdly, to determine
what the relation was between biographic variables and different extrinsic promotion
barriers.
Research Design:
* Literature study - In the literature overview in Chapters 2 and 3 the different extrinsic promotion barriers to
female educators were investigated. It transpired that the following aspects/factors in the
literature occur as extrinsic promotion barriers, namely networks, mentorships,
appointment procedures, organisation climate and the female educator’s career profile.
These identified aspects/factors formed the basis for the compilation of a structured
questionnaire. * Empirical investigation - A quantitative research approach in the post-positivistic paradigm was followed in this
research. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire consisting of five
constructs divided into 50 questions/items. The questionnaire was distributed to female
educators on post level 2 and higher (n=365) of which a feedback response of (n=305; 83.6%) was obtained. This questionnaire was used to determine to what extent extrinsic
barriers influence the career promotion of the female educator and to establish the relation
between certain biographical variables and the different extrinsic promotion barriers.
Cronbach Alpha coefficients, means, standard deviations (SD), rankings and frequencies,
percentages of the responses to the questionnaire, hierarchic linear models and practical
significance (d-values) were calculated. During the discussion of the results, descriptive
statistics were used.
Main findings:
It was evident from the research that the respondents did not experience to a medium and
to a large extent any aspect regarding networks, mentorship, appointment procedures,
organizational culture and the educators’ career profile as extrinsic promotion barriers.
Recommendations:
Finally, recommendations were firstly made to the Department of Basic Education,
secondly to the female educator and thirdly for further studies focussing on extrinsic
promotion barriers to the female educator.
Recommendations to the Department of Basic Education: * The DoBE has to provide and distribute policy documents about gender equility to
members of the SGB and especialy female teachers. * The DoBE need to train the persons involved in the appointment process (SGB
members and educating staff) to understand the policy documents and juridical
framework of the appointment process and to apply it correctly. Such training could
be considered as a prerequisite to be elected to the SGB.
Recommendation to the female educator: * Female educators who hold promotion posts, and those that aspire for promotion
posts, must be afforded the opportunity to indicate what they wish to be trained in.
Recommendations for further research: * That research of a qualitative nature by means of interviews and focus group
discussions should be undertaken on extrinsic promotion barriers found in this study
and possible other extrinsic promotion barriers. Such research could be expanded
by doing a mixed-methods investigation in two or three provinces. * It became evident from this research that the majority of female educators are heads
of department (post level 2) and the minority of female educators fill posts on higher
post levels (3 and 4). Research needs to be done on what extrinsic promotion
barriers are obstructing female educators from being promoted to principal posts
and vice-principal posts.MEd (Education Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Mavhungu, Mbulaheni. "Perceived gender-based barriers to business start-up amongst prospective farmers in South Africa." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26807.
Full textAbstract:
Few female farmers are participating in the sector due to various gender-based challenges that they face. The purpose of this study was to investigate prospective farmers’ motivation and their personal attitude to starting their own businesses, as well as their perceptions of barriers to successful business start-ups in the sector. The Prospective Farmers Profile Questionnaire was distributed to 421 prospective farmers (agricultural students at six institutions of higher learning in South Africa). There was an estimated 3,486 students enrolled for various agriculture-related qualifications in the country when this cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out. The aim of the study was to investigate perceived gender-based barriers to business start-up amongst prospective farmers in SA.
The study found perceived barriers to be either intrinsic, (such as, risk aversion, innovation and self efficacy) and extrinsic, examples being, social cultural, political skills and access to land among others factors. The study also intended to find out if (1) motivation to start a business (2) taking responsibility (entrepreneurial orientation) and (3) entrepreneurial intention, were predicted by a number of select business start up factors. The findings were that motivation was predicted by only one business start up factor, socio-cultural forces; while four key factors; motivation, proactiveness, creativity and socio-cultural forces did predict taking responsibility (EO). Entrepreneurial intention (EI) is predicted by three key factors, namely socio-cultural forces, motivation and creativity.
It is recommended that prospective farmers be introduced to the importance of social networking and socio-cultural forces in entrepreneurship. Furthermore, entrepreneurial education is required from government, institutions of higher learning and other organisations to educate prospective farmers on the influence of barriers to business start-up.The study was conducted on undergraduate agricultural students and should be extended to post-graduate farmers in South Africa, that is practising farming. A comparison between prospective farmers and prospective entrepreneurs from other disciplines should also be undertaken.This is a South African study and the results cannot be generalised. Therefore, the study could be expanded to other regions and future comparative studies could be done.Applied Management
D. Phil. (Entrepreneurship in the Faculty of Management Sciences)
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Mahabeer, Sandhya D. "Barriers in acquiring basic english reading and spelling skills by Zulu-speaking foundation phase learners." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1166.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the barriers that hinder the Zulu-speaking English second language learner in the Foundation Phase in acquiring basic reading and spelling skills. Nine hypotheses were developed from the literature study. Emanating from this, a quantitative empirical investigation, undertaken at various Foundation Phase schools in and around the greater Durban area, examined these barriers. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in investigating these barriers.
The study highlighted the relationships between the various variables. These relationships were, in the main, found significant. The research has indicated that contextual, language, school and intrinsic factors are significantly correlated to the problems L2 learners experience in acquiring English reading and spelling skills. The limitations of this investigation were discussed and recommendations, based on these results, were forwarded.Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Guidance & Counselling)
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Houston, Ronald David. "A model of compelled nonuse of information." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6896.
Full textAbstract:
The philosophical and empirical study reported here developed from the
observation that information science has had no comprehensive understanding
of nonuse of information. Without such an understanding, information workers
may use the words "nonuse of information" while referring to very different
phenomena. This lack of understanding makes the job of the information
professional difficult. For example, the model presented here reduces hundreds
of theories of information behavior to a conceptually manageable taxonomy of six
conditions that lead to nonuse of information. The six conditions include: 1)
intrinsic somatic conditions, 2) socio-environmental barriers, 3) authoritarian
controls, 4) threshold knowledge shortfall, 5) attention shortfall, and 6) information filtering. This dissertation explains and provides examples of each
condition.
The study of a novel area that had no prior theory or model required a
novel methodology. Thus, for this study, I adopted the pragmatism formulated by
Charles Sanders Peirce, a method of evaluating concepts by their practical
consequences. This pragmatism applied in two ways to the study of nonuse of
information. First, because nonuse of information is a behavior, pragmatism
helped me to limit the psychologic implications of the study to behavior, rather
than to expand the discussion to psychodynamics or cognition, for example. I
justified this limiting on the basis that behavior reflects the use or nonuse of
information, and behavior is more observable than other aspects of psychology,
such as cognition. Second, Peirce's concept of pragmatism supported another of
his contributions to philosophical inquiry, retroduction, sometimes referred to as
abduction. To study nonuse of information through retroduction, I created a fivestep
"definition heuristic," based on the writings of Spradley and McCurdy. I then
created a nine-step "retroduction heuristic" based on the system of logic
identified and termed "retroductive" or "abductive" by Peirce. I used this heuristic
to identify examples of nonuse of information and applied the examples to a
second corpus of research reports that contained examples of compelled nonuse of information. The taxonomy of this study resulted from this second application
and represents a descriptive model of compelled nonuse of information.text
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Luo, Yan Xiang, and 羅彥翔. "Intrinsic and Dopant-Segregated Schottky Barrier Charge-Trapping Flash Memories." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14560613276786190822.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
103
Metallic Schottky barrier source/drain has been intensively studied because of their potentiality to minimize parasitic source/drain resistance in CMOS technologies. The Schottky barrier devices generate particular carriers transport associated with the Schottky barrier junctions. Dopant-segregated (DS) technique was widely adopted to tailor Schottky barrier junctions, increasing on-state current and suppressing ambipolar conduction. Because Schottky barrier junctions can produce a strong enhancement of hot-carrier generation to ensure a large gate current at low voltages, the Schottky barrier source/drain is used in nonvolatile charge-trapping memory cells to exhibit unique source-side electron programming and drain-side hole erasing. This dissertation elucidates the differences of physical mechanisms between the DS-structured and non-DS Schottky barrier charge-trapping cells and discusses the coupling of Schottky barriers and trapped charges involved in cell programming and reading. Two-dimensional device simulations were employed to investigate the cell conduction, programming, and erasing. Since the DS layer tailors the effective Schottky barrier height in Schottky barrier devices, the DS condition has a key function in determining the injected mechanisms and locations of cell programming and erasing. It narrows the source-side Schottky electron barrier to minimize the source-side lateral field, thereby reducing the source-side electron programming. It also decreases the drain-side hole erasing because of the reduced hole drain current and drain-side lateral field. Based on the injected mechanisms, two categories of DS-structured cells are classified: 1) light DS Schottky barrier-like cell and 2) heavy DS conventional-like cell. The Schottky barrier-like cells exhibit enhanced programming/erasing characteristics with better short-channel effects, whereas they generate low electron drain currents for cell reading. The tradeoffs inherent in the cell programming/erasing, the short-channel effect, and the cell reading necessitate optimizing the DS profiles in scaled Schottky barrier charge-trapping cells. Based on cell scalability and low-power operation, the intrinsic Schottky barrier source/drain should be the most appropriate in NOR-type charge-trapping cells to ensure efficient programming/erasing. Using numerical iterations, this thesis precisely examines the coupling of Schottky barriers and trapped charges involved in cell programming and two-bit/cell reading. In the Schottky barrier cells, both the conduction and injection of electron carriers depend on the Schottky source barrier lowering. The local trapped charges counteract the gate-controlled field, reducing the programming efficiency, and moving the subsequent injections away from the source edge. The distribution of total trapped-charges is considerably wider than that of the initial injection. Because of source-side conduction, the excellent screening of second bit effect in the Schottky barrier cells is beneficial to operate the NOR-type multi-bit/cell charge-trapping memories.
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Viljoen, Anna Hendriena. "Riglyne aan grondslagfase-onderwysers om basiese konsepte in Engels aan Engels tweedetaalleerders te onderrig." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/7060.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansIn this study essential guidelines are given to Foundation Phase educators for the teaching of basic English concepts to English second language learners. Die research design is explained and recommendations are made. The following underlying problems, which were encountered in the research recommendation, are identified and discussed: Learning barriers with specific reference to English as a second language. The causes of learning barriers which include the discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Educator training is lacking and educators do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to teach basic concepts in English to second language learners. The necessity and advantages of timeous identification of barriers to learning to ensure that basic concepts are taught. The study was concluded with practical guidelines to reinforce basic concepts in learners in the Foundation Phase who are taught in English as a second language. Recommendations were made to parents, educators and the Department of Education.
In die studie word riglyne aan Grondslagfase-onderwysers gegee vir die onderrig van basiese konsepte in Engels aan Engels tweedetaalleerders. Hierdie basiese konsepte is noodsaaklik vir vordering in die Grondslagfase. Die navorsingontwerp verduidelik en aanbevelings gemaak. Die volgende sub-probleme wat onderliggend is aan die navorsingsvoorstel is geïdentifiseer en bespreek, naamlik: Struikelblokke tot leer met spesifieke verwysing na Engels as tweedetaal. Die oorsake wat lei tot struikelblokke tot leer waaronder intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke faktore word bespreek. Onderwyseropleiding is onvoldoende en onderwysers beskik nie oor die kennis en vaardighede om basiese konsepte in Engels aan Engels tweedetaalleerders te onderrig nie. Die noodsaaklikheid van vroeë identifisering en die voordele verbonde aan vroegtydige identifisering van struikelblokke tot leer om te verseker dat basiese konsepte voldoende vasgelê word. Die studie is afgesluit met praktiese riglyne vir die vaslegging van basiese konsepte aan leerders in die Grondslagfase wat in Engels as tweede taal onderrig word. Aanbevelings is aan die ouers, onderwysers en die Departement van Onderwys gemaak.
Inclusive Education
M. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)
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Kuo, Nai-Ying, and 郭乃瑛. "Intrinsic Contrast Based Ultrasound Time Intensity Curve Analysis for Monitoring Focused-Ultrasound Induced Blood-Brain-Barrier Disruption." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37736290957055431804.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
101
Recently, focused ultrasound (FUS) has been proved to be able to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) locally and temporarily, which can increase the performance of the treatment for brain diseases. However, rapid and acute symptoms like hemorrhage and ischemia stroke may occur if the applied acoustic pressure is too high. Currently, the reported imaging modalities for monitoring BBB opening are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEUI), but MRI is lack of temporal resolution and CEUI can not provide continuous monitoring due to the survival time of the microbubbles. Therefore, an imaging technique that can provide both dynamic and continuous monitoring of the transient response of the brain after FUS-induced BBB opening is desirable. In this study, we propose an intrinsic contrast based ultrasound time intensity curve (TIC) technique for real-time monitoring the dynamic response of FUS-induced BBB opening on a rat model. Because the ultrasound backscattering coefficient of the cerebral blood is higher than that of the peripheral brain tissues, the intensity of backscatter signal can be used be the indicator to analyze the variation of the cerebral blood flow and hemorrhage during FUS-induced BBB opening. Two considerable cases of BBB opening – with and without hemorrhage – was performed by 1-MHz FUS and monitored by the proposed TIC technique. In the case with microhemorrhage, the TIC of the sonicated area (left brain) rose immediately after the BBB opening and then gradually declined after 10 minutes. The TIC of controlled contralateral (right) brain gradually dropped to 85 % of the baseline at the end of the monitoring. The response of the left brain was dominated by the brain hemorrhage and was suspiciously mingled with the effect of ischemia. The TIC of the right brain showed a high performance of flow auto-regulation which is the forced vasoconstriction of the right brain compensating blood to the left brain. In the case without hemorrhage, the TIC of the left brain gradually dropped to 75 % of the baseline at the end of the monitoring; the right one was in accordance with the result of the condition with microhemorrhage. In this case, FUS induced vasoconstriction and thus caused reduction of blood volume in the left brain, and this lead to the compensation of the blood from the right brain induced by flow auto-regulation. In this study, the intrinsic contrast based ultrasound TIC was proved to be able to quantitatively reflect the variation of the cerebral blood flow, and the results were also verified by using photoacoustic imaging technique which is sensitive to blood content. The proposed method has potential to be applied to monitoring cerebral blood flow changes at different stages of treatment the degree of brain damage, improve parameters of focused ultrasound. The ultimate goal is to provide safer treatment parameters of focused ultrasound therapy in the future.
Books on the topic "Intrinsic barriers"
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Dakin, Carol E. AFFECTIVE CURRICULUM IN NURSING EDUCATION: A STUDY OF THE INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC BARRIERS EXPERIENCED BY NURSE EDUCATORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS. 1987.
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Beste, Jennifer. Neighbor-Love and Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190268503.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
According to the author’s reading of Metz, a third aspect of becoming fully human is a form of neighbor-love exemplified by Christ with three interrelated commitments: (1) letting go of one’s false, ego-driven self; (2) becoming vulnerable and authentic in our relationships; and (3) pursuing justice and solidarity for and among our neighbors both near and far. For Metz, an intrinsic unity exists among love of God, love of neighbor, and love of self. When we love others, we open ourselves to the mystery of God’s presence and love. The author explores students’ analyses of the barriers to neighbor-love in college culture—specifically egoism and fear of vulnerability—and the experiences of joy that can emerge when one does risk neighbor-love.
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Hube, Bernhard, and Oliver Kurzai. Candida species. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Most pathogenic Candida species are members of the microbiota, but also cause superficial or invasive infections. C. albicans is predominant, followed by C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. C. albicans is polymorphic and grows as yeast, pseudohyphae, or hyphae. The cell wall has multiple functions in pathogenesis. Metabolism and nutrient up-take strategies facilitate growth in multiple niches within the host. Drug resistance is an intrinsic property of C. glabrata and C. krusei, but can be developed by C. albicans and other Candida species during antifungal therapy. Pathogenicity mechanisms include host cell attachment, invasion, and destructive activities; immune evasion; and biofilm production. A disbalanced microbiota and impaired immunity favour superficial infections, and disturbance of the mucosal barriers, together with compromised immunity, enables Candida to invade the human bloodstream and cause invasive infection. Even with antifungal therapy (e.g. azoles or echinocandins), disseminated candidiasis has a high mortality (40–50%).
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Olkin, Rhoda. Teaching Disability. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190850661.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Disability is a part of diversity, yet there are few resources for instructors, students, and professionals to use to learn about disability. In this practical book, Teaching Disability as Part of Diversity, 34 activities are provided. Activities can be done in class, as homework, as group activities, or independently. The activities, which comprise the majority of the book, are graduated from beginning level through more advanced levels. For each activity, there are learning objectives, a list of materials needed, an estimate of the time frame to complete the activity, possible outcomes and talking points, a grading rubric, any needed handouts, and suggested additional reading. Written by an insider to the disability community, there is a nonpathology focus on disability as part of diversity rather than a deficit. Many activities are designed to highlight barriers and psychosocial impediments that hamper people with disabilities. The first chapter helps instructors who are new to teaching disability. The second chapter discusses research on changing extrinsic and intrinsic bias toward people with disabilities and is provided as a background for the activities. No simulation activities are included, as is the explanation for why these are omitted. A final chapter includes six measures to assess knowledge and skills.
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Schulkin, Jay, and Michael Power, eds. Integrating Evolutionary Biology into Medical Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814153.001.0001.
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Clinicians and scientists are increasingly recognising the importance of an evolutionary perspective in studying the aetiology, prevention, and treatment of human disease; the growing prominence of genetics in medicine is further adding to the interest in evolutionary medicine. In spite of this, too few medical students or residents study evolution. This book builds a compelling case for integrating evolutionary biology into undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, as well as its intrinsic value to medicine. Chapter by chapter, the authors – experts in anthropology, biology, ecology, physiology, public health, and various disciplines of medicine – present the rationale for clinically-relevant evolutionary thinking. They achieve this within the broader context of medicine but through the focused lens of maternal and child health, with an emphasis on female reproduction and the early-life biochemical, immunological, and microbial responses influenced by evolution. The tightly woven and accessible narrative illustrates how a medical education that considers evolved traits can deepen our understanding of the complexities of the human body, variability in health, susceptibility to disease, and ultimately help guide treatment, prevention, and public health policy. However, integrating evolutionary biology into medical education continues to face several roadblocks. The medical curriculum is already replete with complex subjects and a long period of training. The addition of an evolutionary perspective to this curriculum would certainly seem daunting, and many medical educators express concern over potential controversy if evolution is introduced into the curriculum of their schools. Medical education urgently needs strategies and teaching aids to lower the barriers to incorporating evolution into medical training. In summary, this call to arms makes a strong case for incorporating evolutionary thinking early in medical training to help guide the types of critical questions physicians ask, or should be asking. It will be of relevance and use to evolutionary biologists, physicians, medical students, and biomedical research scientists.
Book chapters on the topic "Intrinsic barriers"
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Buldas, Ahto, Dirk Draheim, Takehiko Nagumo, and Anton Vedeshin. "Blockchain Technology: Intrinsic Technological and Socio-Economic Barriers." In Future Data and Security Engineering, 3–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63924-2_1.
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Creutz, Carol. "Intrinsic Barriers to Atom Transfer Between Transition-Metal Centers." In Advances in Chemistry, 151–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1997-0253.ch009.
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Dominijanni, Andrea, Mario Manassero, Giacomo Boffa, and Sara Puma. "Intrinsic and State Parameters Governing the Efficiency of Bentonite Barriers for Contaminant Control." In Advances in Laboratory Testing and Modelling of Soils and Shales (ATMSS), 45–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52773-4_5.
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Camponovo, Giovanni, Anna Picco-Schwendener, and Lorenzo Cantoni. "Motivations and Barriers of Participation in Community Wireless Networks." In Social and Economic Effects of Community Wireless Networks and Infrastructures, 112–34. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2997-4.ch007.
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Wireless communities are an interesting alternative to 3G networks to provide mobile Internet access. However, the key success factor for their sustainability is whether they are able to attract and retain a critical mass of contributing members. It is thus important to understand what motivates and dissuades people to join and participate. This chapter analyzes motivations, concerns, usage, and satisfaction of members of Fon. Fon is the largest wireless community in the world. This study employs a mixed research method, combining qualitative exploratory interviews with a quantitative survey. Members are mainly motivated by a mix of utilitarian (getting free connectivity) and idealistic motivations (reciprocity and altruism), whereas intrinsic and social motivations are less relevant.
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van Oostveen, Roland, William J. Hunter, Elizabeth A. Childs, Wendy Barber, and Julianne Gerbrandt. "Collaborative Learning in Co-Created Digital Space." In Handbook of Research on Barriers for Teaching 21st-Century Competencies and the Impact of Digitalization, 197–214. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6967-2.ch011.
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The growing global attention to online learning, particularly in light of COVID-19, has spurred interest in systematic, robust, and pedagogically sound approaches to online learning like the fully online learning community (FOLC) model. FOLC consists of three overlapping dimensions—social presence, cognitive presence, and collaborative learning—which can function within fully online or hybrid digital spaces. FOLC thus supports the establishment of vibrant online learning communities. This chapter extends prior theoretical and empirical work on FOLC and highlights supportive and challenging academic interactions. Readiness to work within FOLC environments requires developing a range of 21st century competencies, such as complex problem solving and social negotiation, to effectively use the selected digital affordances and collaborate with others. These abilities and potential readiness interventions are addressed here as an intrinsic part of the model. The chapter concludes with reports of several empirical studies that explore the efficacy of the FOLC model.
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Padgett, John F., Peter McMahan, and Xing Zhong. "Economic Production as Chemistry II." In The Emergence of Organizations and Markets. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691148670.003.0003.
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This chapter further develops an agent-based model of economic production from the previous chapter. It shows that certain limitations intrinsic to the original hypercycle model—in particular, complexity barriers and vulnerability to parasites—are overcome once autocatalysis takes place in a spatial context, rather than in random-topology liquids. Localized heterogeneity in spatial interaction induces the inscription of path dependencies into cells. This explains why life becomes enhanced once it is embodied. The model also demonstrates why altruism and stigmergy produce more complex rule-chemistries. Altruistic reproduction and stigmergy are superior to selfish reproduction and fixed environments, respectively, because of their superior capacities for self-repair. Beyond suggestive specifics, the hypercycle model and its extensions show how chemistry and economic production and trading in markets can be mapped onto each other, sparking insights for both sides.
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Lawal-Adebowale, Okanlade Adesokan, and Olalekan Oyekunle. "Revolutionary Integration of Information and Communication Technology in Nigeria's Higher Education System." In Advances in IT Standards and Standardization Research, 210–29. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3468-7.ch011.
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Emergence and integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in the global education system has significantly enhanced intelligible teaching and learning, particularly in the developing countries. Among the developing countries, Nigeria has equally integrated ICT in its educational system. While the information driven technology has little or no integration in the lower level of education, it is intensively integrated in the higher education system. Although the Nigerian education system lacks integration of robust ICT tools to support virtual and in learning, the installed basic ICT tools such as computers, multimedia projectors, process, and internet have greatly changed the face of the country's educational administration and teaching and learning from the traditional practice. Effective and efficient use of ICT are however affected by extrinsic and intrinsic barriers. The need to strengthen the ICT framework and deployment for a more robust teaching and learning process in the country's education system is emphasized.
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O'Donoughue, Jason. "Springs Eternal." In Water from Stone. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400097.003.0006.
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This chapter begins with discussion of the contemporary tensions and debates surrounding springs, including barriers to their conservation and the framing of the past in media coverage and springs conservation narratives. It then draws on entanglement theory to summarize the preceding chapters and examine the ways that springs are caught up with geological, hydrological, social, economic, and political forces. It argues that conservation can be fruitfully enhanced by an archaeological sensibility that draws attention to springs’ historical significance and to the remnants of the past still visible in the present. Indeed, the archaeological and historical significance of springs should be intrinsic to their value today. It further argues that there is continuity between past and present practice, with springs functioning as gathering places that draw people for ritual purposes. This continuity provides a bridge spanning the chasm of time and demonstrating the relevance of past experience to modern conundrums.
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Bello, Olayiwola W., Modupe Folarin, and Nasir Faruk. "Towards a Framework for Integrating Social Media, Customer Relationship, and Knowledge Management." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 11–44. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1686-6.ch002.
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Academic concepts such as customer relationship management (CRM) and knowledge management (KM) are well established concepts today. Integration between these two concepts has been established with the term customer knowledge management. Social media (SM) is now fast growing and has an intrinsic nature hence reducing barriers of varying concepts. It has been integrated with CRM through the term social CRM (SCRM). From the above it appears that there is interdependency between the concepts. It is on this basis that this work proposes a process model integrating SM, SCRM and KM. Through data collected from expert interview and extensive literature review, this study explored the possibility of interdependency between these concepts to make a case for the process framework for business organisations. The framework, leaning on the CKM model was able to identify strategy, mindset and engagement management, including knowledge context as crucial additions to the existing model towards integrating the three concepts.
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Liu, Xiongyi, and Patrick Wachira. "Perceptions of Gender Stereotypes About Computer Game-Based Learning Among Pre-Service Teachers." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design, 107–23. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1479-5.ch007.
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The purpose of the present study is to develop a scale for measuring pre-service teacher perceptions of gender stereotypes about computer game-based learning, and conduct a preliminary study to explore the reliability and validity of the scale. Data was collected via survey from 119 pre-service teachers enrolled in a mathematics methods class at a mid-western university. Results of data analysis provided strong support for the reliability of the scale and partial support for its validity. Consistent with our hypotheses, perceptions of gender stereotypes were negatively related to computer gaming experience, gamer identity, and intention to use computer game-based learning in future teaching practice. At the same time, perceptions of gender stereotypes were positively related to perceived barriers to computer game-based learning. Factor analysis suggested a four-factor structure pertaining to four aspects of gender stereotypes with favorable perceptions towards male gamers: intrinsic motivation, competency, confidence, and game compatibility.
Conference papers on the topic "Intrinsic barriers"
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Alford, David K., Derek G. Tilley, Jerry S. Busby, and Kevin A. Edge. "Development and Inculcation of Intrinsic Safety Principles for Fluid Power Systems Design." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48645.
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This paper discusses intrinsic safety, advocating its embodiment in design artefacts, as the most effective means to reduce hazards and also to reduce costs. At odds with this desirable goal, real-world designs tend to exhibit layering of protective devices to mitigate hazardous side effects of existing features, so introducing unnecessary complexity, and further risk. Barriers to progress in intrinsic safety are addressed, both organizational and psychological. An early report of work in progress describes a case-based approach to inferring intrinsic safety principles, and a consideration of possible tools to modify designers’ existing mental models, and influence their design decisions favourably.
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Brinkmann, Kai Oliver, Thomas Riedl, Junjie He, Christian Tückmantel, Manuel Theisen, Tobias Gahlmann, Johannes Bahr, et al. "Intrinsic ALD Barriers Enable Processing on Top of Perovskite Solar Cells from Environmentally Friendly Solvents." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2019. València: Fundació Scito, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ngfm.2019.263.
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GUSAKOV, V., J. GUSAKOVA, and V. P. MARKEVICH. "QUANTUM-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FORMATION ENERGIES AND MIGRATION BARRIERS OF INTRINSIC POINT DEFECTS IN SILICON NANOWIRES." In Proceedings of International Conference Nanomeeting – 2011. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814343909_0033.
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Choi, Kun-Mo, Robert D. Hurt, Thomas E. Shea, and Richard Nishimura. "User Requirements and Criteria for Proliferation Resistance in INPRO." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49211.
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In designing future nuclear energy systems, it is important to consider the potential that such systems could be misused for the purpose of producing nuclear weapons. INPRO set out to provide guidance on incorporating proliferation resistance into innovative nuclear energy systems (INS). Generally two types of proliferation resistance measures are distinguished: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic features consist of technical design features that reduce the attractiveness of nuclear material for nuclear weapon program, or prevent the diversion of nuclear material or production of undeclared nuclear material for nuclear weapons. Extrinsic measures include commitments, obligations and policies of states such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and IAEA safeguards agreements. INPRO has produced five basic principles and five user requirements for INS. It emphasizes that INS must continue to be an unattractive means to acquire fissile material for a nuclear weapon program. It also addresses as user requirements: 1) a balanced and optimised combination of intrinsic features and extrinsic measures, 2) the development and implementation of intrinsic features, 3) an early consideration of proliferation resistance in the development of INS and 4) the utilization of intrinsic features to increase the efficiency of extrinsic measures. INPRO has also developed criteria, consisting of indicators and acceptance limits, which would be used by a state to assess how an INS satisfies those user requirements. For the first user requirement, the most important but complex one, INPRO provides a 3-layer hierarchy of indicators to assess how unattractive a specific INS would be as part of a nuclear weapon program. Attributes of nuclear material and facilities are used as indicators to assess intrinsic features. Extrinsic measures imposed on the system are also assessed. Indicators to assess defence in depth for proliferation resistance include the number and robustness of barriers, and the redundancy or complementarity of barriers. The cost of incorporating proliferation resistant features is used to assess the cost-effectiveness of any particular INS in providing proliferation resistance. The stages in the development of an INS at which proliferation resistance is considered in the process are assessed. Awareness of extrinsic measures by designers and use of intrinsic features for verification illustrate how intrinsic features facilitate extrinsic measures. An INPRO-consistent methodology to assess the proliferation resistance of an INS is still under development, with feedback expected from the case studies undertaken by Argentina, India, Russia and the Republic of Korea.
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Pasculescu, Vlad-Mihai. "DIMENSIONING THE INTRINSIC SAFETY BARRIERS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INTENDED TO BE USED IN POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES USING THE SIMPOWERSYSTEMS SOFTWARE PACKAGE." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/ba1.v1/s03.026.
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Niculescu, Titu. "EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS OF INTRINSIC SAFETY BARRIERS OF THE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INTENDED TO BE USED IN ATMOSPHERES WITH EXPLOSION HAZARD." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b21/s7.022.
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Shafiee, Hadi, Michael B. Sano, John Caldwell, and Rafael V. Davalos. "An Alternative Technique for Dielectrophoretic (DEP) Cell Manipulation: Contact-Less DEP." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206809.
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Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the motion of a particle due to its polarization in the presence of a non-uniform electric field, can be used as an alternative to current sample enrichment techniques [1]. While the technique has been proven effective, most DEP devices must be manufactured using complicated processes. Insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a practical method to obtain the selectivity of dielectrophoresis while overcoming the robustness issues associated with traditional dielectrophoresis platforms [2]. While both of these methods allow for the differentiation of cells based upon their intrinsic electrical properties, they require direct contact between electrodes and a sample fluid, which can induce fouling, bubble formation and unwanted electrochemical effects [3]. We have developed an alternative method to provide the spatially non-uniform electric field required for DEP in which electrodes are not in direct contact with the biological sample. In this method, an electric field is created in the sample microchannel using electrodes inserted into two other microchannels (filled with conductive solution), which are separated from the sample microchannel by thin insulating barriers. These insulating barriers exhibit a capacitive behavior and therefore an electric field can be produced in the main channel by applying an AC field across them. The absence of contact between electrodes and the sample fluid inside the channel prevents bubble formation and avoids any contaminating effects the electrodes may have on the sample.
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Kalinina, M. A., A. V. Savicheva, M. V. Prokhorova, and L. N. Ponomaryova. "The phenomenon of giftnedness in the field of youth entrepreneurship." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.538.550.
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Youth entrepreneurship can become one of the driving locomotives in the development of the Russian economy. The empirical investigation aimed at eliciting youth potential and feasibility of promoting their giftedness in the entrepreneurial sphere. 220 students and postgraduates of 13 universities, located in 12 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, participated in it. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire during the all-Russian program for the development of the youth project environment “Innograd — 2019: my start”. Content-analysis and descriptive statistics methods were used for data processing. The phenomenon of giftedness to entrepreneurial activity, based on a set of interconnected psychic determinants, including creativity, intrinsic motivation, perseverance in achieving goals, leadership and organizational skills, non-conformism, may be discussed only in exceptional cases (about 1 %). Meanwhile, modern youth has the potential to start a business and connects their professional future with it. Youth entrepreneurship is a multi-motivated activity. External positive and external negative, internal motives are combined into a single structure. It is internal motives, prompted by the needs for self-realization and independence that determine entrepreneurial giftedness. Modern young people consider the main barriers to launching their own business to be outside. To these they refer deficiency of start-up capital, lack of knowledge and adverse environmental factors. Supportive measures, provided by the state through the creation of appropriate infrastructure, eliminate the majority of the difficulties and reduce the risks in setting up own businesses. For young people, gifted in the business field, these barriers are conditional.
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Koreshi, Zafar ullah. "Design and Non-Proliferation Viability of Small Modular Reactors." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81651.
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Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are economically competitive nuclear power systems aimed to provide sustainable clean safe and reliable nuclear energy free from the risk of fissile material proliferation. They are smaller versions of the present-day large nuclear power reactors with additional design simplifications, improved and reliable passive safety systems incorporating innovative concepts. With the intrinsic advantage of high power density and carbon-free emissions, SMRs and especially their innovative features are the signals for a nuclear comeback, or in Dr Alvin Weinberg’s words “the second nuclear era” in many ways. According to some estimates, there could be up to 96 SMRs by 2030. This paper addresses three vital areas to the understanding of the SMR’s in emerging global environments: (i) design, (ii) production of plutonium during operation, and (iii) their scope of applications. A representative, though very small SMR, Toshiba’s innovative 4S design is used for presenting estimates of plutonium production which are applicable to other SMRs as well. To better understand the viability of SMRs, this work considers the emerging developers, exporters and markets where SMRs can make significant improvements to the overall socio-economic development of societies challenged with formidable barriers.
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Lieneweg, U., B. R. Hancock, and J. Maserjian. "Barrier-intrinsic-N+ (BIN) diodes for near-millimeter wave generation." In 1987 Twelth International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmm.1987.9126882.
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