Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inuits – Maladies – Québec (Province)'
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Kellett, Samantha. "L'évolution métabolique et anthropométrique des facteurs de risque des maladies cardiovasculaires des Inuits obèses morbides du Nunavik (Québec)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20753.
Full textMessier, Valérie. "La séroprévalence des zoonoses au Nunavik : surveillance, identification des facteurs de risque et intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27743/27743.pdf.
Full textValera-Lozano, Beatriz-Mercedes. "Étude de la variabilité cardiaque chez les Inuit adultes du Nunavik exposés au mercure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18968.
Full textDupont, Claire, and Claire Dupont. "Maladies cardiovasculaires chez les populations autochtones des régions arctiques et impact de la contamination environnementale au mercure sur le niveau de sévérité de l'athérosclérose subclinique chez les Cris de la région Eeyou Istchee et les Inuit du Nunavik, au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26388.
Full textLes différents aspects de ce travail s’articulent autour de la question des maladies cardiovasculaires chez les populations autochtones des régions arctiques, de leur réalité aux causes sous-jacentes relatives à leur existence. Dans un premier temps, nous avons conduit une revue systématique de la littérature afin d’établir l’état des connaissances disponibles et publiées dans la littérature concernant la mortalité par maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) des populations autochtones des régions arctiques. Les données ainsi recueillies se sont avérées limitées et parfois difficiles à interpréter mais les quelques études retrouvées sur le sujet nous ont permis de poser les bases de notre propos. Ainsi, en dépit des idées reçues, plusieurs pistes intéressantes sous-tendent une existence non négligeable, à la fois passée et présente, des MCV chez ces populations. En effet, les maladies ischémiques pourraient avoir été moins fréquentes dans le passé qu’elles ne le sont aujourd’hui. Les AVC d’origine hémorragique pourraient être à l’origine de la surmortalité par maladies cérébrovasculaires retrouvée chez ses populations en général. Suite à cette première recherche, nous avons tout de même relevé un certain nombre de défis concernant la validité discutable des données de mortalité. Dans un second temps, nous avons donc tenté d’illustrer cet enjeu à l’aide des données de mortalité disponibles pour le Nunavik (région arctique du Québec majoritairement composée d’Inuit). Afin d’en évaluer la validité, nous avons comparé les causes de décès par maladies de l’appareil circulatoire déclarées dans le registre des décès de l’Institut de Statistiques du Québec (ISQ) à celles que l’on pouvait déduire des dossiers médicaux recueillis auprès des centres de santé de la région. Nous avons ainsi pu constater une certaine disparité dans l’identification des causes dans notre analyse par rapport aux déclarations faites dans le registre de décès. De plus, nous avons constaté que quelques erreurs dans le classement pouvaient avoir des conséquences majeures sur les estimations des taux de mortalité standardisés. En effet, en raison du faible effectif de la population en question, la standardisation comporterait de nombreuses limites statistiques. Dans un dernier temps, nous nous sommes placés à un niveau préliminaire de développement des MCV en nous concentrant sur le phénomène d’athérosclérose subclinique chez deux populations autochtones de la région nordique du Québec (les Cris et les Inuit). Des évidences sur le rôle du mercure, sous sa forme méthylmercure, en tant qu’agent oxydant, nous ont permis d’envisager son action potentielle dans les processus d’oxydation reliés à l’athérosclérose. Chez les Inuit, nous avons observé une association significative entre le mercure sanguin et le niveau de sévérité de l’athérosclérose subclinique, davantage marquée chez les individus ne présentant pas d’antécédents de MCV. Chez les Cris (trois fois moins exposés que les Inuit), aucune association significative avec le mercure a été retrouvée.
Dallaire, Renée. "Exposition aux contaminants organiques et effets potentiels sur les fonctions thyroïdiennes chez la femme enceinte, le nouveau-né et l'adulte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20730.
Full textSeveral ubiquitous organic contaminants, some of which are increasing in the environnement, seem to possess thyroid-disrupting capacities. These effects are suspected to be the underlying causes of neurodevelopmental deficits in infants prenatally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. The objectives of this project were 1) to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to environmental contaminants on circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones in pregnant women, newborns and adult Inuit as well as 2) to quantify and identify determinants of exposure to emerging contaminants in the Nunavik Inuit population in 2004. Overall, results from newborns and pregnant women do not demonstrate clear associations between thyroid hormone concentrations and exposure to some persistent organic pollutants. However, negative associations between polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations and circulating levels of thyroglobulin were observed in neonates. Furthermore, pentachlorophenol concentrations in pregnant women during their last trimester of pregnancy were negatively associated with umbilical cord free T4 concentrations in newborns. In adults, exposure to a complex mixture of chlorinated compounds was related to a reduction in total T3 and thyroglobulin concentrations. Moreover, plasma concentrations of emerging contaminants such as perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were also associated with disruptions of thyroid parameters. In 2004, exposure levels of PFOS and PBDEs in Nunavik Inuit adults were lower compared to those observed in other North-American populations, but similar and higher respectively, to those reported among European populations. The increase of PFOS plasma concentrations with age as well as with fish and marine mammal consumption seems to indicate that this compound tends to persist and bioaccumulate in the food-web. Sources of exposure to PBDEs were not clearly identified in the framework of this study. However, traditional food consumption and Inuit lifestyle seem to protect against exposure to congener PBDE 47, one of the most prevalent in humans.
Lachapelle, Marise, and Marise Lachapelle. "La négociation d'un parcours d'intégration : expériences postsecondaires d'Inuit du Nunavik." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27650.
Full textCette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de l’éducation postsecondaire des autochtones, plus spécifiquement des Inuit du Nunavik. Située dans le champ de l’anthropologie de l’éducation, elle documente l’expérience d’intégration des Nunavimmiut (habitants du Nunavik) dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaires au Québec. Elle porte une attention particulière à l’expérience collégiale, car cette étape, spécifique à la province, fait suite aux études secondaires et est antérieure à l’université. Elle examine plus particulièrement la place qui est faite aux Inuit dans le système d’éducation postsecondaire québécois. En s’intéressant aux négociations quotidiennes qu’effectuent les étudiants inuit, elle discute des expériences et des pratiques dont les registres ne tiennent pas compte. Celles-ci sont tout aussi déterminantes sur les résultats scolaires, sinon davantage, en plus d’être révélatrices des obstacles rencontrés par ces étudiants. En trame de fond, la méconnaissance des Québécois à l’égard des Inuit vient soutenir la pertinence de s’affranchir d’une approche d’intégration vers l’inclusion scolaire. Il semble y avoir consensus entre le gouvernement québécois et les organisations inuit sur l’importance d’augmenter la participation des Inuit aux études postsecondaires. Cependant, les options offertes aux Nunavimmiut participent à leur marginalisation sociale. Même si l’importance d’adapter l’éducation scolaire aux cultures autochtones en y intégrant leurs langues, leurs histoires, leurs revendications, leurs représentations du monde et leurs savoir-faire, est reconnue, bien peu de changements se constatent. Certes, l’intégration favorise la mise en place de stratégies compensatoires afin de permettre aux Inuit de participer à cette éducation standardisée reflétant la société québécoise, mais dans ce processus, le système d’éducation n’est pas remis en question. Dans une discussion entre intégration et inclusion, cette thèse soutient que malgré les mesures proposées par le gouvernement du Québec et le service aux étudiants du postsecondaire de la commission scolaire Kativik pour favoriser l’intégration des Nunavimmiut dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaires et dans les programmes, cette approche maintient la prédominance de l’éducation occidentale. Dans ce contexte, il y a peu de place pour être inuit, car ces dernières doivent s’adapter à cette trajectoire normalisée. Cependant, l’inclusion scolaire, dont les bienfaits sont reconnus par de nombreux chercheurs, semble représenter une voie prometteuse pour enfin accorder une valeur comparable aux Inuit en matière d’éducation postsecondaire et soutenir la décolonisation de l’éducation qu’attendent les Inuit et les Premières Nations du Québec.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of Aboriginal post-secondary education, specifically the Inuit of Nunavik. Located in the field of anthropology of education, it documents the Nunavimmiut (Nunavik residents) experiences of integration into post-secondary institutions in Quebec. It pays particular attention to the college experience, because students usually attend college university in Quebec. In particular, it examines the place made for the Inuit in the post-secondary education system in Quebec. By focusing on the day-to-day negotiations of Inuit students, it discusses experiences and practices that are not reflected in the registers. These are just as important to academic achievement, if not more revealing than the obstacles faced by these students. As a backdrop, Quebecers’ lack of knowledge of Inuit supports the relevance of moving away from intergration and moving towards inclusive education. There seems to be a consensus between the Quebec government and Inuit organizations on the importance of increasing Inuit participation in post-secondary education. However, the options available to the Nunavimmiut contribute to their social marginalization. Although the importance of adapting school education to indigenous cultures by integrating their languages, histories, claims, representations of the world and their knowledge is recognized, very few changes have be seen. Of course, integration favors the implementation of compensatory strategies to enable Inuit to participate in a standardized education reflecting Quebec society, but in this process, the education system is not called into question. In a discussion between integration and inclusion, this thesis argues that despite the measures proposed by the Government of Quebec and the post-secondary student services of the Kativik School Board to promote the integration of the Nunavimmiut into post-secondary institutions and programs, this approach maintains the predominance of a western education. In this context, there is little room for being Inuit, as they have to adapt to this normalized trajectory. However, inclusive education, which many researchers recognized as beneficial, appears to be a promising way to finally give Inuit the same value in post-secondary education and to support the decolonization of education that the Inuit and The First Nations of Quebec are waiting for.
This thesis is a contribution to the study of Aboriginal post-secondary education, specifically the Inuit of Nunavik. Located in the field of anthropology of education, it documents the Nunavimmiut (Nunavik residents) experiences of integration into post-secondary institutions in Quebec. It pays particular attention to the college experience, because students usually attend college university in Quebec. In particular, it examines the place made for the Inuit in the post-secondary education system in Quebec. By focusing on the day-to-day negotiations of Inuit students, it discusses experiences and practices that are not reflected in the registers. These are just as important to academic achievement, if not more revealing than the obstacles faced by these students. As a backdrop, Quebecers’ lack of knowledge of Inuit supports the relevance of moving away from intergration and moving towards inclusive education. There seems to be a consensus between the Quebec government and Inuit organizations on the importance of increasing Inuit participation in post-secondary education. However, the options available to the Nunavimmiut contribute to their social marginalization. Although the importance of adapting school education to indigenous cultures by integrating their languages, histories, claims, representations of the world and their knowledge is recognized, very few changes have be seen. Of course, integration favors the implementation of compensatory strategies to enable Inuit to participate in a standardized education reflecting Quebec society, but in this process, the education system is not called into question. In a discussion between integration and inclusion, this thesis argues that despite the measures proposed by the Government of Quebec and the post-secondary student services of the Kativik School Board to promote the integration of the Nunavimmiut into post-secondary institutions and programs, this approach maintains the predominance of a western education. In this context, there is little room for being Inuit, as they have to adapt to this normalized trajectory. However, inclusive education, which many researchers recognized as beneficial, appears to be a promising way to finally give Inuit the same value in post-secondary education and to support the decolonization of education that the Inuit and The First Nations of Quebec are waiting for.
Chartrand, Breton Marie-Pier. "Coexistence des référentiels étatique et inuit dans l'aménagement nordique : une double-ordonnance en constant renouvellement." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27512.
Full textSince the beginning of the settlement of Inuit communities in Quebec in mid-20th century, many diverse stakeholders have intervened in planning and housing. Over time, the coexistence of governmental and inuit references frameworks have generated spatial and organizational particularities. This master thesis, organized into three key periods, presents the dialogue between these two frames of reference, which shows the shifting relationship between the state and Inuit. The division of responsibilities in terms of planning for these three distinct periods leads to a reflection on the integration of inuit culture in more recent territorial developments. Urban planning, morphogenesis and civic practices explored in the municipality of Kuujjuaq are used to grasp this dialogue between the institution and local practices. The evolution of the gap between frames of reference in the form of compromise due to the incomplete current local undertakings is recognized.
Harbour-Marsan, Ève. "Gouvernance et bilan depuis 1994 de l'approvisionnement énergétique au Nunavik : quelle est la participation des Inuits?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31886.
Full textRenewable energy, diesel power generation, Energy transition, Nunavik, Arctic, Canada, North of Quebec, Inuit, Aboriginals, First Nations, comanagement, governance, aboriginal participation, remote area, regional development, power relations The territory of Nunavik, mainly inhabited by the Inuit, is almost exclusively supplied by fossils energies. Ever since the hydroelectric development at James Bay and the suspension of the Grande- Baleine hydroelectric project, the energy sociopolitical environment in Nunavik had not been analyzed despite the socio-political upheaval that these projects had caused for Indigenous groups. The lack of interest in this issue is surprising considering the intensity of mining activity that is anticipated in the Plan Nord vision, and the repeated government and Hydro-Québec commitments to convert thermal power stations and to carry out projects in partnership with Aboriginal people. Carried out through a geopolitical analysis, the objective of this research was to answer the following questions. What are the energy projects developed, promoted and considered since 1994 for Nunavik? How the government and Hydro-Québec commitments and orientations, in regard to energy, have been implemented in Nunavik? Are the representations and concerns of certain actors more taken into account in the projects? How are the Inuit involved in decisions? Data are from from semi-structured interviews, institutional documents, the legal framework, improved by an internship within the Quebec Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. The results show that the energy strategy is focused on smaller renewable energies, but large hydropower projects are not neglected. Structures allow Inuit to be represented in decisions without giving them real control. Our analysis reveals that the expertise, the legal framework and rivalries, within Inuit society, undermine the greater participation and autonomy of Inuit in projects.
Bouchard, Dufour Amélie. "Exploration des perceptions des parents Inuits de l'influence du Programme de nutrition dans les Centres de la petite enfance du Nunavik sur les habitudes alimentaires des enfants et de leurs familles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28387/28387.pdf.
Full textTurbide, Jessika. "Association entre l'exposition prénatale et postnatale au mercure et les comportements externalisés de type TDAH chez les adolescents inuits." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66873.
Full textPiedboeuf, Pascale, and Pascale Piedboeuf. "Identification de symptômes du trouble du déficit de l'attention avec ou sans hyperactivité chez de jeunes Inuits du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37195.
Full textLe trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) est le plus fréquent des troubles neuro-développementaux chez l’enfant, et perdure à l’adolescence et à l’âge adulte dans une majorité des cas. Associé à de multiples trajectoires défavorables, notamment de santé, sa prise en charge multimodale est heureusement reconnue efficace. Plusieurs études suggèrent que des lacunes de connaissances existent quant à l’identification du TDAH au sein de certaines minorités ethniques ou culturelles, notamment en raison de l’absence d’instruments d’évaluation validés pour ces populations. Au Canada, il existe peu de données sur sa prévalence chez les peuples autochtones. L’objectif principal de ce mémoire de maîtrise est d’explorer, via la validation d’un instrument de mesure, l’évaluation, les manifestations et la présence du TDAH chez de jeunes Inuits du Nunavik, une région du nord québécois. En prenant en considération l’accès limité à des ressources spécialisées en santé mentale au sein de cette population et les impacts d’un TDAH non pris en charge, la capacité à reconnaître la présence du trouble du déficit de l’attention à l’aide d’un outil valide apparait particulièrement d’intérêt. Dans le cadre de l’étude présentée au chapitre 1, 206 adolescents Inuits âgés entre 16 et 21 ans ont complété un bref instrument autorapporté d’évaluation du TDAH, le Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale. Les résultats rapportés à partir d’analyses descriptives et factorielles et de mesures de la cohérence interne suggèrent que cet instrument peut offrir une estimation acceptable de la présence de symptômes laissant suspecter un TDAH malgré l’échantillon non-normatif utilisé. En guise de discussion, ce mémoire explore la manière dont l’évaluation du TDAH, la fréquence à laquelle un nombre significatif de symptômes sont rapportés au sein de notre échantillon, et les caractéristiques y étant potentiellement associées s’insèrent dans le contexte et les enjeux de santé spécifiques aux jeunes Inuits du Nunavik.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood onset neuro-developmental disorders, and persists into adolescence and adulthood in a majority of cases. Whilst the condition has been associated with several unfavourable trajectories, namely health-wise, its multimodal management is hopefully recognized for its effectiveness. Several studies have suggested that a knowledge gap remains on the subject of ADHD among certain ethnic or cultural minorities, among other things because of the lack of screening tools validated for these groups. In Canada, there is little data available on its presence within the Indigenous populations. The main objective of this master’s thesis is to explore, through the validation of a screening tool, the evaluation, the manifestations and the presence of ADHD among Inuit youths from Nunavik, a region in Arctic Quebec. Taking into account this population’s limited access to specialized mental health services, and the known impacts of ADHD when left unmanaged, the ability to recognize the signs of this condition with a valid screening instrument is the principal factor of interest. As part of the study presented in Chapter 1, a sample of 206 Inuit youths between 16 and 21 years of age completed a brief, self-reported screening tool for ADHD, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale IV. Derived from descriptive and factorial analysis and measures of internal consistency, results from the study suggest than this tool can offer an acceptable estimation of the presence of symptoms consistent with those of ADHD in such a sample, notwithstanding its nonnormative state. In conclusion, this thesis discusses the manner in which the evaluation and likely presence of ADHD when assessed in our sample, as well as its potential associations, fits within the broader context of health challenges faced by Inuit youth in Nunavik.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common childhood onset neuro-developmental disorders, and persists into adolescence and adulthood in a majority of cases. Whilst the condition has been associated with several unfavourable trajectories, namely health-wise, its multimodal management is hopefully recognized for its effectiveness. Several studies have suggested that a knowledge gap remains on the subject of ADHD among certain ethnic or cultural minorities, among other things because of the lack of screening tools validated for these groups. In Canada, there is little data available on its presence within the Indigenous populations. The main objective of this master’s thesis is to explore, through the validation of a screening tool, the evaluation, the manifestations and the presence of ADHD among Inuit youths from Nunavik, a region in Arctic Quebec. Taking into account this population’s limited access to specialized mental health services, and the known impacts of ADHD when left unmanaged, the ability to recognize the signs of this condition with a valid screening instrument is the principal factor of interest. As part of the study presented in Chapter 1, a sample of 206 Inuit youths between 16 and 21 years of age completed a brief, self-reported screening tool for ADHD, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale IV. Derived from descriptive and factorial analysis and measures of internal consistency, results from the study suggest than this tool can offer an acceptable estimation of the presence of symptoms consistent with those of ADHD in such a sample, notwithstanding its nonnormative state. In conclusion, this thesis discusses the manner in which the evaluation and likely presence of ADHD when assessed in our sample, as well as its potential associations, fits within the broader context of health challenges faced by Inuit youth in Nunavik.
Desrosiers, Caroline. "Exposition prénatale au tabagisme : ses conséquences sur le comportement d'enfants de 11 ans en lien avec les polymorphismes génétiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25424.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to provide a better understanding of the effects of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (PCSE) and of the combined effects between PCSE and catecholaminergic, serotonergic and metabolic genes on externalizing behaviours at school age in a sample of Inuit children from Nunavik. The association between PCSE and externalizing behaviours is first explored in a sample of children (N = 271) at 11 years of age who took part in a prospective study. Interactions between PCSE, lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), two contaminants associated with behavioral problems, were also explored. Analysis of PCSE effects (Article 1) suggests that PCSE is associated with externalizing behaviours and with attention problems on the Teacher Report Form (TRF), and PCSE is also associated with a higher prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed on the Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD). No interactions were found with contaminants. Then, the analysis of the combined effects between PCSE and catecholaminergic, serotonergic, and metabolic genetic polymorphisms (Article 2) suggests an interaction between PCSE and genotypes CC/TC of the cytochrome P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene. Unexposed children with genotypes CC or TC have significantly lower scores for externalizing behaviours. Combination of an environment without PCSE and with genotypes CC/TC seems to offer protection regarding the development of externalizing problems. These results partly support the differential susceptibility model and reject the diathese stress model. This thesis suggests that PCSE is a risk factor in the development of externalizing problems and those genetic variations can modify this relation. Results indicate the importance of including different theoretical frameworks in the investigation of gene-environment interactions.
Bauler, Claire. "Nourrir la communauté : analyse du lien social dans deux cuisines collectives au Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27647.
Full textThis research project aims to study the social function of the community kitchen in the northern context of Nunavik. Community kitchens can be viewed as a strategy for combatting food insecurity, but also as a gathering place for the community where participating members learn to cook, share experiences and socialize. While many scientific articles have dealt with this phenomenon in major Canadian cities and in South America, we decided to study the subject in the context of Inuit communities, thus making a contribution to the existing literature on this topic. We conducted a one-month empirical research in the Nunavik communities of Kangiqsualujjuaq and Kuujjuaq. Besides participating in the community kitchen, we conducted semi-directed interviews with its coordinators and its participants. The results show that the community kitchen in Nunavik is conducive to the creation of social relations among its members. The initiative can therefore be considered as a means of building and strengthening social bonds and social cohesion in Nunavik communities.
Cook, Mathieu. "Les droits ancestraux des Innus : reconnaissance et contestation : analyse des discours sur l'altérité déployés lors d'une controverse à propos de négociations territoriales." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27422.
Full textGagnon, Dominique. "Santé sexuelle et prévention : étude exploratoire des croyances liées à l'adoption et au maintien de comportements sexuels sécuritaires chez des adultes âgés de 18 à 29 ans du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27752/27752.pdf.
Full textAlain, Judith. "Changements climatiques et sécurité alimentaire à Kangiqsualujjuaq au Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25835/25835.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Léa. "La sécurité alimentaire selon la perspective d'Inuit du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30700/30700.pdf.
Full textThis exploratory research seeks to better understand food security from the perspective of Inuit from Nunavik (Quebec). Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Inuit women from different generations, occupations and socio-economic status of one community in Nunavik. Additionally, a workshop with elders explored different sensations of food as they are described in Inuit language. This workshop allow for a deepening of the cultural concepts surrounding the experience of eating and food security. The results suggest that the notion of what constitutes sufficient and adequate food is built from individual experiences and socio-cultural context, and tends to vary across generations. Many of the participants interviewed experienced food shortage in their home in the recent past. However, resources within extended family and community tend to alleviate the situation when it was transitory.
Medehouenou, Thierry Comlan Marc. "Mesures plasmatiques de composés de type dioxine réalisées chez les Inuit du Nunavik à l'aide du bioessai DR-CALUX." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25573/25573.pdf.
Full textValero, José R. "Perturbations métaboliques chez trois insectes au cours de bacilloses, viroses ou microsporidioses." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33620.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Boucher, Olivier. "Potentiels évoqués cognitifs : indice de neurotoxicité chez les enfants inuits exposés aux contaminants environnementaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27115/27115.pdf.
Full textBelisimbi, Félicité. "Les déterminants des conditions de vie des Inuit du Nunavik. Le rôle de l'éducation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25679/25679.pdf.
Full textMbuya-Bienge, Cynthia, and Cynthia Mbuya-Bienge. "L'impact du statut socioéconomique et de la multimorbidité sur l'utilisation des soins ambulatoires au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37880.
Full textLa multimorbidité, la co-occurrence de deux maladies chroniques ou plus chez un même individu, est une condition de plus en plus commune avec le vieillissement de la population. La multimorbidité est associée de façon indépendante au statut socioéconomique (SSE) et à l’utilisation des soins de santé. Toutefois, l’effet combiné de la multimorbidité et du SSE sur l’utilisation des soins ambulatoires reste mal compris. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte populationnelle rétrospective afin de déterminer l’impact du SSE des adultes multimorbides sur l’utilisation fréquente de trois types de soins ambulatoires: les admissions à l’urgence, les consultations d’omnipraticiens et les consultations de médecins spécialistes. À l’aide de modèles de régression logistique multivariés, nous avons calculé les proportions d’utilisation fréquente des soins ambulatoires en fonction du nombre de maladies chroniques stratifiées selon le niveau de défavorisation matérielle, le tout ajusté pour l’âge, le sexe, la défavorisation sociale et l’emplacement géographique. Notre étude populationnelle suggère que le SSE a un effet modifiant dans l’association entre la multimorbidité et les consultations fréquentes de médecins spécialistes. En effet, la différence de proportions ajustées de ces consultations, entre les individus les plus défavorisés et les moins défavorisés, passe de 0,1 % pour ceux sans maladies chroniques à 5,1 % pour ceux avec quatre maladies chroniques ou plus. Cette différence de proportions n’est pas observée pour les admissions fréquentes à l’urgence ou les consultations fréquentes d’omnipraticiens. Même dans un système de santé universel, on constate des disparités dans l’utilisation des soins ambulatoires selon le SSE. Bien que les individus défavorisés utilisent davantage les services d’urgences et d’omnipraticiens, cette utilisation semble proportionnelle au nombre de maladies. Cependant, pour les individus plus favorisés qui consultent davantage
Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual, is an increasingly common condition with the aging of the population. Multimorbidity is independently associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and healthcare utilization. However, the combined effect of SES and multimorbidity on the use of ambulatory care services remains poorly understood. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to determine whether the SES of multimorbid adults had an impact on the frequent use of three types of ambulatory care services: emergency room, general practitioners and specialist physicians. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we calculated the proportions of frequent ambulatory care use based on the number of chronic diseases, stratified by level of material deprivation and adjusted for age, sex, social deprivation and geographical location. Our population study suggests that SES has a modifying effect on the association between multimorbidity and the frequent use of specialist physicians’ services. In fact, for frequent specialist physicians’ visits, the difference in adjusted proportions of frequent use between the most deprived and the least deprived individuals, increased from 0.1% for those without any chronic disease to 5.1% for those with four or more chronic diseases. This difference in proportion is not observed for frequent visits to an emergency room or frequent visits to a general practitioner. Even in a public healthcare system, there are still disparities in the use of ambulatory care services according to the SES. Although individuals with a lower SES have a greater use of emergency rooms and general practitioners, this use seems proportional to the number of diseases. However, for individuals with a higher SES who visit specialist physicians more often, the disparities based on SES seem to increase with the number of diseases. Further studies are needed to better understand this phenomenon and to reduce social inequalities in health.
Multimorbidity, the co-occurrence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual, is an increasingly common condition with the aging of the population. Multimorbidity is independently associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and healthcare utilization. However, the combined effect of SES and multimorbidity on the use of ambulatory care services remains poorly understood. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study to determine whether the SES of multimorbid adults had an impact on the frequent use of three types of ambulatory care services: emergency room, general practitioners and specialist physicians. Using multivariate logistic regression models, we calculated the proportions of frequent ambulatory care use based on the number of chronic diseases, stratified by level of material deprivation and adjusted for age, sex, social deprivation and geographical location. Our population study suggests that SES has a modifying effect on the association between multimorbidity and the frequent use of specialist physicians’ services. In fact, for frequent specialist physicians’ visits, the difference in adjusted proportions of frequent use between the most deprived and the least deprived individuals, increased from 0.1% for those without any chronic disease to 5.1% for those with four or more chronic diseases. This difference in proportion is not observed for frequent visits to an emergency room or frequent visits to a general practitioner. Even in a public healthcare system, there are still disparities in the use of ambulatory care services according to the SES. Although individuals with a lower SES have a greater use of emergency rooms and general practitioners, this use seems proportional to the number of diseases. However, for individuals with a higher SES who visit specialist physicians more often, the disparities based on SES seem to increase with the number of diseases. Further studies are needed to better understand this phenomenon and to reduce social inequalities in health.
Faucher, Charlotte. "Étude des associations entre le développement cognitif et la qualité de l'environnement familial dans la population inuit du Nunavik." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ44735.pdf.
Full textLaidaoui, Abdelhafid. "Dommage à l'ADN et exposition aux contaminants de la chaine alimentaire chez les Inuit du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21060.
Full textSt-Jean, Audray. "Biomarqueurs métabolomiques en relation avec les problèmes de comportement auprès de jeunes Inuit du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27559.
Full textObesity and insulin resistance are associated with mood disorders and elevated plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: isoleucine, leucine and valine), and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: phenylalanine and tyrosine). Because AAAs are precursors of key neurotransmitters and their uptake into the brain is competitive with respect to the uptake of BCAAs via their transport through the same carrier, we explored the relationship between metabolomic biomarkers (BCAAs and AAAs) and behavioral problems among young Inuit from Nunavik. The current analysis includes 141 youth who participated in the Nunavik Child Development Study baseline (2005-2010) and adolescent follow-up (2013-2015). BCAA and AAA plasma concentrations were measured at baseline and categorised in tertiles of the ratio of BCAAs to AAAs (BCAA/AAA). Behavioral problems were assessed during adolescence with the Youth Self-Report (YSR) from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The relationship between tertiles of BCAA/AAA and mean scores of YSR syndromes was assessed with general linear models. We noted a trend toward a higher mean scores of internalizing problems (Ptrend=0.05) and somatic complaints (Ptrend=0.01) syndromes with higher BCAA/AAA ratio. No statistically-significant relationship was noted for externalizing and attention problems scores. We observed higher (Ptrend < 0.05) internalizing problems and somatic complaints syndrome scores with a higher ratio of BCAA/AAA among normal weight participants, but not among overweight or obese. Our results suggest that an elevated BCAA/AAA ratio is associated with behavioral problems among youth, mainly internalizing problems.
De, Braekeleer Marc. "L'approche des maladies héréditaires par la démographie génétique : le cas du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean au Québec." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR21019.
Full textSeveral autosomal dominant and recessive disorders have a high incidence in Saguenay lac-Saint-Jean, a region located in the northeastern part of the province of Quebec (Canada). This thesis presents the summary of the researches in demographic genetics conducted for the last seven years in this region. The complementary between (historical) demography and population genetics allows to explain the presence, the frequency and the diffusion of the hereditary disorders in the French-Canadian population. The use of molecular data adds a new dimension to the concepts of population genetics. Migration, consanguinity, kinship, endogamy and geographic distribution as well as the demographic consequences (fertility, mortality) of the hereditary disorders are especially analyzed. A model of diffusion of the hereditary disorders in Saguenay lac-Saint-Jean based on the demographic and genetic analyses is proposed
Bonneau, Phanie, and Phanie Bonneau. "Dépistage et suivi des pucerons et aleurodes vecteurs de virus et identification des diverses sources de contamination virale dans les fraisières du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38027.
Full textAu Québec, le dépérissement des fraisières cultivées (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) observé dernièrement a principalement été causé par les virus SMYEV, SCV, SMoV, SVBV et SPaV. Les vecteurs sont le puceron du fraisier, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), et l’aleurode des serres, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Cette étude de deux ans comportait six objectifs. Premièrement, nous avons comparé l’efficacité de deux outils de dépistage des vecteurs, soit les pièges-collants jaunes et les pièges-bols jaunes. Les résultats démontrent que les pièges-collants sont plus efficaces pour la capture de pucerons et d’aleurodes, toutes espèces confondues. Deuxièmement, nous avons déterminé les périodes de vol des deux insectes vecteurs à l’échelle provinciale. Les résultats indiquent que le puceron du fraisier est principalement présent dans les champs du début juillet jusqu’au début septembre. Quant à l’aleurode des serres, il est présent de début juin jusqu’à la fin octobre. Troisièmement, nous avons évalué la prévalence des virus SMYEV et SCV dans les spécimens de pucerons du fraisier ailés capturés. Des analyses RT-PCR ont démontré que 38% des pucerons (N=205) étaient infectés. Le quatrième objectif consistait à évaluer la capacité des fraisiers sauvages (Fragaria virginiana Miller) à constituer un réservoir naturel de virus. Les analyses RT-PCR ont indiquées que 67% des talles de fraisierssauvages (N=12) étaient infectées et qu’elles représentent donc des réservoirs de virus. Le cinquième objectif était de suivre l’accumulation des virus dans 14 fraisières à l’aide de plants sentinelles protégés et exposés. Les résultats confirment que les plants de fraisier exposés en plein champ ont accumulé des virus suite aux envolées des vecteurs. Enfin, nous avons réalisé un inventaire considérable des différentes espèces de pucerons et d’aleurodes retrouvées en fraisières. Cette étude a apporté d’importantes contributions dans la gestion des insectes vecteurs de virus dans le cadre de la problématique du dépérissement des fraisières au Québec.
In Quebec, strawberry decline disease outbreak occurring in strawberry fields (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) has been predominantly caused by viruses (SMoV, SVBV, SPaV, SMYEV and SCV). The vectors are the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae). This 2-year study had six objectives. First, we compared the effectiveness of two screening techniques, yellow sticky traps and yellow pan-traps. The results demonstrated that the yellow sticky traps are more effective for capturing aphids and whiteflies, all species combined. The second objective was to determine the flight periods of the main vectors across the province. The results indicated that the winged strawberry aphids are mainly present in strawberry fields from early July until early September. As for the greenhouse whitefly, it is mainly present from early June and extends through October. The third objective was to measure the prevalence of SMYEV and SCVin winged strawberry aphid specimens captured in 2014 and 2015. The RT-PCR results indicated that 38% of the aphids (N=205) captured were infected. The fourth objective was to examine the ability of wild strawberries (Fragaria virginiana Miller) to be a long-term host for strawberry viruses. The RT-PCR results demonstrated that 67% of the wild strawberry patches tested (N=12) were infected and therefore, represent a natural reservoir. The fifth objective was to monitor the viruses’ accumulation in 14 strawberry fields throughout the province, using protected and exposed control plants. The results confirmed that the exposed control strawberry plants accumulated viruses following the vectors’ flights over the season. Finally, we carried out a considerable inventory of the different species of aphids and whiteflies found in strawberries. This study has provided important contributions to the management of virus-carrying insects as part of the problem of the strawberry declinein Quebec.
In Quebec, strawberry decline disease outbreak occurring in strawberry fields (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) has been predominantly caused by viruses (SMoV, SVBV, SPaV, SMYEV and SCV). The vectors are the strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera : Aleyrodidae). This 2-year study had six objectives. First, we compared the effectiveness of two screening techniques, yellow sticky traps and yellow pan-traps. The results demonstrated that the yellow sticky traps are more effective for capturing aphids and whiteflies, all species combined. The second objective was to determine the flight periods of the main vectors across the province. The results indicated that the winged strawberry aphids are mainly present in strawberry fields from early July until early September. As for the greenhouse whitefly, it is mainly present from early June and extends through October. The third objective was to measure the prevalence of SMYEV and SCVin winged strawberry aphid specimens captured in 2014 and 2015. The RT-PCR results indicated that 38% of the aphids (N=205) captured were infected. The fourth objective was to examine the ability of wild strawberries (Fragaria virginiana Miller) to be a long-term host for strawberry viruses. The RT-PCR results demonstrated that 67% of the wild strawberry patches tested (N=12) were infected and therefore, represent a natural reservoir. The fifth objective was to monitor the viruses’ accumulation in 14 strawberry fields throughout the province, using protected and exposed control plants. The results confirmed that the exposed control strawberry plants accumulated viruses following the vectors’ flights over the season. Finally, we carried out a considerable inventory of the different species of aphids and whiteflies found in strawberries. This study has provided important contributions to the management of virus-carrying insects as part of the problem of the strawberry declinein Quebec.
Résumé en espagnol
Résumé en espagnol
Thomas, Annie. "L'écotourisme au Nunavik : le marché et la culture." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25507.
Full textBrière, Andréanne. "L'appropriation de l'espace domestique inuit : enjeux socioculturels à Kangirsujuaq, au Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25245.
Full textThe objective of this research is to explore how Inuit of the community of Kangirsujuaq, in Nunavik, Quebec occupies their space. More specifically, this research examines how these occupy their domestic space through their ability of appropriation and how Kangirsujuarmiut live in their house, imbued with a strong cultural resilience of the nomad way of life. Also, this research explores how they built their own and specific space in a context where exogenous elements of the Inuit culture are present. This study demonstrates an important dynamic of mobility linking domestic space to the community, but also to the territory while being in a highly institutionalized situation.
Achouba, Adel. "Développement d’une méthode analytique pour la spéciation du sélénium dans le plasma des Inuits du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26038.
Full textSelenium (Se) is highly abundant in traditional marine foods consumed by Inuit and accordingly their Se intake is one of the highest in the world. These marine foods are also a replete of methylmercury (MeHg) and an elevated Se intake may offset some of its deleterious effects. In this study, a method for the speciation and quantification of Se and associated Hg fractions in human plasma was developed and then applied to plasma samples of Inuit adults who participated to the 2004 Qanuippitaa health survey. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), selenoprotein P (SelP) and selenoalbumin (SeAlb) represented on average 25%, 52% and 23% of the total plasma Se concentration, respectively. In addition, Hg co-eluted with each Se-containing protein and 50% of plasma Hg was associated with SelP. A non-linear relationship was observed between plasma and blood Se, suggesting that a selenocompound, possibly selenoneine, accumulates in blood cells of our participants.
Diallo, Cheick Bady. "Perception du risque lié aux maladies infectieuses évitables par la vaccination au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29903/29903.pdf.
Full textThis study is an exploration of a new concept in public health, the perception of the risk of infectious diseases process. It aims to explore how primary target for vaccine-preventable infectious diseases are perceived by different groups including experts and students, and see how this perception may influence the propensity to invest in prevention. Thus, the questionnaire from the psychometric paradigm was designed and adapted to infectious diseases. This questionnaire was submitted to experts of the QIC (Québec Immunization Committee), the pediatric residents, and students in community health and epidemiology. This study described the risk perception about some preventable infectious diseases by vaccination in Quebec according to the characteristics of psychometric paradigm developed by Slovic. It also helped to describe the willingness to pay and willingness to invest participants to prevent these diseases. This study highlights the difficulties in the application of psychometric paradigm to characterize the infectious diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Perron, Michel. "Sociogéographie de la santé à micro-échelle." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30031.
Full textAmong the regions of quebec, saguenay-lac-saint-jean stands out for its isolation, its short history and the ethnocultural features of its population. Moreover, here we have a population especially propitious for our double-edged research - that is, to map out a micro-scale sociogeography of health, and also to work out the main factors associated with a rather poor health record. Thanks to an interdisciplinary approach, spatial locations can be used to reveal disparities in health, whereas changes of scale can allow us to track certain pathogenic patterns and different causes of death. Making use of models of social ecology developed in the chicoutimi-jonquiere urban area, it is possible to grasp sociospatial disparities by homogeneous zones. Sociogeographical gradients then show up, linked to the prevalence of certain genetic diseases, complex disorders (with a genetic susceptibility), or the risk of the occurrence of chronic disorders leading to death. Beyond statistical correlations and spatial associations, we propose explanations for the differences of levels of pathology by examining mainly how the present manifestations of the rates of illness and death may be associated with socio-economic inequalities, or may be inherited from past conditions. By bringing up the delicate question of determinism, which evokes the issue of + captivity/ mobility ; we have a look at, finally, the matter of equal opportunity and that of continuity of social conditions. From the epidemiological transition to the patterns of population settlement, we draw a socio-historic portrait; we work up a sociogeographic model which sheds new light on the emergence of sociospatial discontinuities of health and of schooling
Huot, Caroline. "Évaluation des interventions de santé publique au Québec en prévention de la rage humaine liées aux chauves-souris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19203.
Full textFontaine, Julie. "Variations temporelles des concentrations sanguines et des sources d'exposition au mercure, plomb et cadmium dans la population inuite du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24458/24458.pdf.
Full textPepin, Camille. "Surpeuplement des logements en lien avec la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents inuit du Nunavik : un suivi longitudinal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37233.
Full textAbout half of Nunavik Inuit live in overcrowded households compared to 6% of the general Canadian population. Inuit adolescents are also more at risk of suffering from psychological distress than their Canadian peers. Living in overcrowded households is associated with greater risks of suffering from mental health problems for Canadian adolescents. However, no empirical and longitudinal study has examined the impact of living in an overcrowded household during childhood on psychological distress at adolescence for Inuit. The objective of the present work is to examine the hypothesized relationship between household overcrowding at childhood and psychological distress during adolescence among Nunavik Inuit, as well as the hypothesized relationship between these phenomena when they are both measure at adolescence. It will also examine if this relationship is moderated by sex. Recruited as part of the Nunavik Child Development Study, 220 participants were met when they were 11 years old in average, and then when they were 18 years old in average. Household overcrowding was assessed using the people per room ratio. Psychological distress symptoms were operationalized at adolescence using depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The results did not show that childhood household crowding had a longterm effect on psychological distress, nor effect moderation by sex. Despite these results, household crowding could be a risk factor when in interaction with other elements related housing conditions or with poverty, or could be experienced as a difficulty for adolescents on other aspects than depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts.
Girouard, Catherine. "Qualité du traitement pharmacologique de l'insuffisance cardiaque chez les ainés du Québec et impact sur les résultats de santé." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27539.
Full textHeart failure (HF) patients should be exposed to drugs reducing mortality and hospitalization (standard treatment), but should not be exposed to drugs potentially inappropriate in HF. This thesis presents population-based studies performed with the Quebec public health administrative databases. Among seniors newly diagnosed with HF, the probability of exposure to standard treatment decreases with increasing age. Patients aged 90+ and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are less likely to initiate a β-blocker. Exposure to a β-blocker is associated with a decreased risk of death and hospitalization. Exposure to potentially inappropriate drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, thiazolidinediones, nifedipine and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers) is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Since HF quality treatment improves health outcomes in HF seniors, treatment guidelines should be extended to seniors.
Masse-Desrosiers, Michelle. "Le rôle des travailleurs sociaux en collaboration interprofessionnelle auprès des personnes atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer ou d'autres maladies apparentées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28105.
Full textThrough sustained efforts to establish a professional role and to develop its own psychosocial and ecological perspectives, meaningful contributions from social work are likely to improve the quality of life of people with Alzheimer's disease and related conditions and their families. However, the role of the social worker in the interprofessional teams is not sufficiently clarified and this seems to cause confusion among the clientele and other professionals. This qualitative study, which is exploratory and descriptive in nature, aims to better understand social workers' perception of their roles in people with Alzheimer's disease or a related condition and the challenges of these roles in interprofessional collaboration. The analysis of the semi-structured individual interviews with 10 participants demonstrated that the definition and contribution of social workers within interprofessional teams remains to be clarified. It was possible to document the role of social workers and to identify three role issues: ambiguity, conflict and role overload, despite a limited number of participants.
Koperqualuk, Lisa. "Puvirniturmiut religious and political dynamics." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28355/28355.pdf.
Full textSteelandt, Stéphanie. "Disponibilité et exploitation des ressources ligneuses par les Paléoesquimaux et les Inuit sur la côte ouest du Nunavik (Québec, Canada)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25743.
Full textLes bois flottés actuels et ressources ligneuses archéologiques trouvés sur la côte ouest du Nunavik ont été étudiés afin de documenter leurs cararctéristiques, méthodes de collecte, exploitations et origines. Au total, 1572 bois flottés provenant des plages d’Ivujivik, Akulivik, Inukjuak et Umiujaq ont été examinés. Ces bois étaient moins nombreux, de plus petites tailles et plus dégradés dans les aires les plus au nord. Huit taxons ont été identifiés sous microscope. L’épinette était majoritaire, suivie du saule, du mélèze, du peuplier et de l’aulne. Le cèdre blanc, le bouleau blanc et le sapin baumier étaient également présents mais extrêmement rares. La composition de 293 bois archéologiques, 550 charbons et 11 artéfacts ligneux provenant de 11 sites archéologiques dans les quatre zones d’études n’était guère différente. Des charbons de pin rouge ou pin sylvestre et de châtaignier ont été découverts dans un site archéologique à Ivujivik mais étaient probablement importés. De plus, de nombreux charbons d’éricacées probablement locaux ainsi que du chêne ont été trouvés dans les sites archéologiques aux alentours d’Umiujaq. La présence du cèdre blanc et du bouleau blanc dans les amas de bois flottés actuels et archéologiques témoigne d’une origine des bois au sud et sud-est de la Baie de James. Ce résultat est également appuyé par les études comparatives et interdatations des largeurs moyennes de cernes de croissance. Des entrevues avec 27 Aînés dans les quatre villages révèlent que : le vocabulaire du bois était plus diversifié dans les villages les plus méridionaux; les arbustes étaient coupés en automne et utilisés pour la confection de matelas ou pour le feu; les plus gros bois étaient prioritairement utilisés pour la construction des bateaux, des kayaks et traîneaux; à Ivujivik, les bois flottés étaient principalement collectés l’été par bateau autour des îles alors que plus au sud, les gros bois étaient collectés ou coupés l’hiver puis rapportés par traîneaux à chiens. Finalement, des expérimentations visant à différencier chimiquement un bois flotté d’un bois non flotté pour en déduire le mode de collecte des gros bois archéologiques, ont montré un plus fort enrichissement en sodium dans les bois immergés. Des analyses en composantes principales (ACP), basées sur les concentrations relatives des cations, montrent que les bois immergés et secs peuvent être séparés en deux groupes. La complémentarité de ces recherches xylologiques, anthracologiques, radiométriques, dendrochronologiques, sociales et chimiques sur les ressources ligneuses au Nunavik apporte des connaissances précieuses et inédites sur cette matière première fondamentale dans la vie quotidienne des Inuit et de leurs ancêtres.
Modern driftwood and archaeological wood found on the west coast of Nunavik were studied in order to document its characteristics, methods of collection, uses and origins. In total, 1572 driftwood samples from beaches around Ivujivik, Akulivik, Inukjuak and Umiujaq were examined. Driftwood in the more northern areas was less frequent, smaller in size and more degraded. Eight taxa were identified under a microscope. Spruce was the most abundant, followed by willow, larch, poplar and alder. White cedar, white birch and balsam fir were extremely rare. The composition of the 293 wood samples, 550 charcoals and 11 wooden artifacts from 11 archaeological sites located within the four study areas was similar to the driftwood composition. Charcoals of red pine, Scots pine and chestnut were found at an archeological site in Ivujivik, but these were probably imported. In addition, many local ericaceous charcoals and an oak sample were found at archaeological sites around Umiujaq. The presence of white cedar and white birch in both modern and archaeological wood samples indicated that the wood originated from the south and southeast of James Bay. This conclusion is supported by comparative studies and cross-dating of the average growth rings. Interviews with 27 elders from the four villages revealed that: the wood vocabulary was more diversified in the southern villages; shrubs were cut in autumn and used for making mattresses or as fuel; the larger driftwood pieces were primarily used for the construction of boats, kayaks or sleds; in Ivujivik, driftwood was mainly collected in the summer by boat from around the islands whereas further south, the large wood pieces were collected or cut in winter and carried by dogsled. Finally, experiments to chemically differentiate immersed wood from dry wood in order to deduce the harvesting method of the large archaeological wood specimens, showed a stronger enrichment in sodium in the submerged woods. Principal component analyses (PCA), which are based on the relative concentrations of cations, allowed us to divide the immersed and dry samples into two groups. Principal component analyses (PCA), based on the relative concentrations of cations, reveal that the immersed and dry samples can be separated into two groups. The complementarity of these xylological, anthracological, radiometric, dendrochronological, social and chemical studies on wood resources in Nunavik provides invaluable and original knowledge concerning this essential raw material in the daily life of the Inuit and their ancestors.
Ghandour, El Kebir. "Les facteurs influençant l'adoption du dossier de santé électronique personnel (DSE-P) pour le suivi et la gestion des maladies chroniques en première ligne de soins au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28256.
Full textIn Quebec, My Digital Primary Health Care (MDPHC) is the first electronic personal health record (ePHR) implementation project funded by the province. However, little is known about ePHR implementation, adoption and use in healthcare organizations in Quebec as well as there is little information on their potential impacts. Mainly, adoption is a major concern for ePHR implementation. Indeed, despite the numerous potential benefits associated with ePHR use, the literature reports low adoption rates. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the perspective of chronically ill patients, professionals and managers regarding ePHR adoption, and to examine perceived barriers and facilitators to adoption among users enrolled in an ePHR pilot project in a primary care organization in Quebec. We conducted a case study with mixed method research, predominantly qualitative, in a primary care organization that has implemented an ePHR as part of the MDPHC project funded by the Government of Quebec. In this research, the strategies for data collection were: 1) a quantitative survey carried out in the project pre-implementation phase within a family medicine group, 2) individual semi structured interviews and 3) documentary analysis in order to describe the project context and evolution. We mainly conducted a descriptive statistical analysis of the quantitative data, and a content analysis of data collected during individual interviews and from project documents. Fifty-seven participants completed the questionnaire, and 43 people, including 29 patients (18 users and 11 users), 11 professionals and three managers were interviewed. We identified the most salient facilitators and barriers to ePHR adoption by chronically ill patients and professionals, and to ePHR integration into clinical practice. The main factors are patients’ and professionals’ individual characteristics; the quality of the patient-professional relationship and the clinical practice context in primary care organizations; the characteristics of the offered technology and organizational conditions and support to ePHR use. The contribution of our research was at two levels. First, we were able to identify the most salient conditions that can influence ePHR adoption by chronically ill patients and healthcare professionals and we verified their relevance to the context of the primary care in Quebec. Also, we applied for the first time a new conceptual framework for the analysis of the organizational conditions influencing ePHR adoption by professionals based on a new practical approach that links ePHR adoption by professionals to the project effectiveness of the implementation. ePHR represents a promising tool to support a more active role for chronically ill patients in their individual health condition and healthcare management in collaboration with clinical teams. Moreover, by improving chronically ill patients’ experience of care and increasing their interactions with professionals, ePHR seems to have a prominent place in primary care organizations in Quebec. However, the implementation and adoption of such tools have to be considered under new organizational model involving the patient participation and his collaboration with the clinical team, which it is the main premise. However, such an approach must rely on a change in culture, and requires rethinking several clinical and organizational processes and a negotiation and redefinition of roles and responsibilities of actors in the health network for a new patient- clinical team partnership where ICT should also be adapted to support new practices and a reorganization of the services. This would then lead to focus on the development and integration of informational and communicational innovative tools much more steeped in the clinical and organizational realities. ePHR can be complementary to the electronic medical record, the primary health care professionals’ working tool, with which it is the same set. Keywords: Electronic Personal Health Record, Adoption, Implementation, Chronic Disease Management, Primary Health Care, Case Study, Quebec.
Giroux, Claude. "La terre, le mythe et la procédure : les études de l'utilisation du territoire à l'heure de la recherche appliquée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/56504.
Full textVermette, Sarah. "Rôle, pratiques et défis des infirmières praticiennes spécialisées en soins de première ligne dans le domaine des maladies chroniques au Québec : étude qualitative exploratoire auprès d'informateurs clés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27666.
Full textDepuis 2007, les infirmières praticiennes spécialisées en soins de première ligne (IPSPL) conjuguent une formation infirmière et médicale afin de mieux répondre aux besoins de santé de la population québécoise. Plusieurs études conduites hors du Québec ont démontré les impacts positifs de la pratique des IPSPL sur la qualité des soins offerts aux personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques. La présente étude qualitative descriptive exploratoire a documenté les représentations d'informateurs clés quant au rôle, aux pratiques et aux défis des IPSPL dans le domaine des maladies chroniques au Québec. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été conduites auprès de 20 informateurs clés. Ces informateurs clés sont des professionnels de la santé et des gestionnaires ayant une expérience significative concernant la formation, le développement et l'implantation du rôle, la gestion administrative et la pratique clinique des IPSPL. Une analyse thématique des entrevues intégralement retranscrites a été réalisée. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent trois principaux aspects de la pratique des IPSPL dans le domaine des maladies chroniques: 1- une large reconnaissance de la valeur ajoutée du rôle et des pratiques des IPSPL dans les milieux de soins de première ligne, 2- des défis parfois persistants associés à la méconnaissance de leur rôle, à la rigidité de la réglementation entourant leur pratique et à la complexité de prise en charge de la multimorbidité, et 3- la rareté, au sein des équipes des soins de première ligne, d'une offre de services planifiée, coordonnée et interprofessionnelle à destination des personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques. Il apparaît ainsi que les IPSPL rencontrent d'importantes barrières dans leur pratique nécessitant entre autres des ajustements législatifs et organisationnels. L'optimisation de leur rôle passerait également par le déploiement systématique dans les équipes de soins de première ligne d'un plan mieux défini de prise en charge de cette clientèle.
Lyonnais, Marie-Claude. "Les médias sociaux dans le cadre d'une recherche participative en santé auprès des Inuit du Nunavik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27816.
Full textThis exploratory study aims to provide information about the use of social media as part of a communication strategy within an Inuit community-based participatory health research (CBPR). Thirty semi-structured interviews conducted with Nunavimmiut (Inuit from Nunavik), as well as the content of six Facebook groups and two Facebook pages, were the subject of a thematic analysis. The goal was to better understand the use of social media by Nunavimmiut, and the best methods to improve communication within an Inuit CBPR. The results show that social media, especially Facebook, is an effective tool to reach and involve local people in the research process, but needs to be included in a broader strategy including traditional media. Researchers also need to culturally adapt their use of social media by respecting the social and cultural norms of Inuit to communicate successfully and generate more locally valuable research results. Key words: Inuit, Nunavik, social media, community-based participatory research, health, cross-cultural communication, cross-cultural adaptation
Hervé, Caroline. ""On ne fait que s'entraider" : dynamique des relations de pouvoir et construction de la figure du leader chez les Inuit du Nunavik (XXe siècle-2011)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30423/30423.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation describes power relationships among the Nunavik Inuit by addressing two interrelated themes. On the one hand, the nature of power and the role of authority figures are analyzed. On the other, the concept of leader is deconstructed by showing its endogenous nature and the way it is appropriated by Inuit. Through reflexive fieldwork, this research points to a high prevalence of cooperation practices among the Nunavik Inuit. These practices, which are structured by power relationships and various inequalities, cover a wide range of social and material goods and go far beyond food sharing and equipment lending. Such pooling of resources is driven by authority figures who possess what others lack and, as such, are obliged to give back and share their wealth. In line with previous research on egalitarian groups and stateless societies, this research shows that Inuit individuals gain power through exogenous factors, i.e., what others within the group think of them, and not through endogenous ones, i.e., their personal ambitions. In other words, a group creates its leader by deciding to follow him or her. This finding sheds new light on the history of Inuit and Qallunaat relations during the 20th century. Each Inuit group continually exerted pressure to control authority figures, and this pressure extended to missionaries and traders as well. Despite efforts to impose their own power structures by creating new positions of authority in the Arctic, missionaries and traders were nevertheless considered to be wealthy people who had an obligation to share. Governments likewise felt the same pressures, which in time subverted their paternalistic policies. The same applies today to the Nunavik regional government, which recognizes this reality and is seeking to develop a very advanced form of participatory democracy. Keywords: Inuit, Nunavik, Canada, political anthropology, cooperation, power, government, governance, reflexive anthropology.
Charles, Noémie. ""Travailler, c'est trop dur"? : la santé mentale et le rétablissement, quand le travail s'en mêle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21172.
Full textThériault, Sophie. "La terre nourricière des Inuit : le défi de la sécurité alimentaire au Nunavik et en Alaska." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26386/26386.pdf.
Full textPernet, Fabien. "La construction de la personne au Nunavik : ontologie, continuité culturelle, et rites de passage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30323/30323.pdf.
Full textRoy, Jean-Olivier. "Une compréhension critique des nations et du nationalisme autochtones au Canada : traditionalisme et modernité politique et étude de cas sur les Innus au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25757.
Full textThis dissertation examines the evolving nature of indigenous nations and nationalism in Canada. Nations self-identification and normative foundations of indigenous nationalism are mainly rooted in tradition and continuity. In return, we note the increasing integration of indigenous discourse in a very modern repertoire, making use of concepts such as "self-determination", "sovereignty" citizenship and "government", among others, as certain political elites and citizens actions demonstrate a modern conception of the nation. Research therefore focuses on the impact of tradition and modernity in the contemporary definition of the nation and the indigenous nationalism. This research proposes a cross perspective between political thought, empirical analysis, and normative theories. Two interpretive scenarios are considered. First, the thesis of continuity, following the primordialist approach, where one would observe among Aboriginals the presence, prior to contact with Europeans and the advent of modernity, of nations and structured political elements. It is a dominant speech among Aboriginal nationalist elites. A second scenario, derived from the theory of ethnosymbolism, does not exclude that some core elements have remained, such as myths, symbols, traditions, and that nations are formed around pre-existing ethnic cores. However, it also takes into account the evolution towards more political standards, due to the impact of modernity and the influence of surrounding nations and nationalism. This scenario is favored in the research. Following the observation of various types of contemporary indigenous nationalism in Canada, with regard to the relation with the state, its structures and the role playing by elites and citizens. Then, a case study is presented, that of the Innu in Quebec, consisting of interviews with key players, which allows to verify the validity of the interpretative scenario. In parallel, research has a considerable normative part. The latter, based on the self-determination of nations, examines the normative assumptions of Aboriginal nationalism which perform a synthesis between tradition and modernity. To conclude, some reformulation of the nature of Aboriginal nations and nationalism is proposed, in which the normative bases, mainly rooted in the past, are reconsidered by integrating and taking more modern elements as well, depending on the conclusions reached by the research.
Dubeau, Claudelle. "Association entre la qualité de l'alimentation et l'exposition aux acides perfluoroalkylés (PFAA) et au bisphénol A (BPA) pouvant provenir de la transformation et de l'emballage des aliments chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 3 à 19 ans dans quatre communautés des Premières Nations du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68411.
Full textContext. Although traditional foods play a central role in Indigenous Peoples nutrition and culture, their intake is increasingly being replaced by processed foods, particularly among younger generations. Other than their lower nutritional quality, processed foods may also contain chemical contaminants from food processing and packaging that are known or suspected endocrine disruptors, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and bisphenol A (BPA). In 2015, the project Jeunes, Environnement et Santé / Youth, Environment and Health (JES!-YEH!) was conducted among children and youth (3-19y) in collaboration with four First Nation communities in Quebec (n=198) and the objectives of the present project were to: (i) Document exposure to PFAAs and BPA in comparison to the most recent youth data of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016-2017); (ii) Describe the intake of different food categories that may contain PFAAs or BPA; and (iii) Examine the associations between food categories intakes and exposure to these contaminants. Methods. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires were administered, including a food frequency questionnaire, based on which food intakes were calculated. Biological samples were collected, and serum was analysed for PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA) and urine for BPA. Generalized linear models were used to test associations between food intakes and biomarkers of exposure to PFAAs and BPA. Results. Mean PFNA serum concentrations were significantly higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) for the same age groups among Anishinabe participants, where as concentrations of mean PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS levels were lower than CHMS values among all JES!-YEH! participants. Mean urinary BPA concentrations were also higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) in all participants. Dairy products intake was high in comparison to other food categories, and especially milk, among Anishinabe participants aged 6 to 11 years old and Innu participants aged 3 to 5 and 6 to 11 years old. Total dairy products intake was significantly associated with PFNA serum concentrations among Anishinabe participants and Innu participants. PFNA was likewise associated with ultraprocessed foods intakes among Anishinabe participants, whereas it was associated with wild marine fish and berries intakes among Innu participants. PFHxS was associated with microwave popcorn intake among Anishinabe participants. For BPA, a positive association was found with cheese and milk intakes in Anishinabe participants, and with wild marine fish, wild berries, desserts and processed meats intakes in Innu participants. Conclusion. These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
Chaine, Marina. "Étude cas-contrôle évaluant le rôle de la naissance par césarienne comme facteur de risque dans la survenue d'une bronchiolite à Virus Respiratoire Syncytial (VRS) sévère chez des nourrissons nés à Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27777/27777.pdf.
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