Journal articles: 'Invariant tags'

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Buysse, Lieven. "Question tags in translation." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 2 (2017): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.2.01buy.

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Abstract Canonical question tags feature prominently in spoken English, where they display great versatility. At face value they are meant to elicit a response from a co-participant in the form of (dis)agreement with the proposition to which the tag has been added. Their pragmatic scope is, however, considerably broader: they serve as politeness strategies but also emphasize the speaker’s convictions or mark accusations. Like many other languages, Dutch does not have a similar structure, which raises questions as to what devices Dutch employs to serve the same purpose as question tags. This contrastive study examines such correspondents in a parallel corpus of English novels and their Dutch translations. Three structures can be identified: pragmatic markers, clause-final parentheticals and combinations of these. The data indicate a preference for pragmatic markers (most notably hè and toch), which predominantly appear either as invariant tags or clause-medially, indicating subtle shifts in utterance interpretation.

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Columbus, Georgie. "A comparative analysis of invariant tags in three varieties of English." English World-Wide 31, no. 3 (2010): 288–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.31.3.03col.

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Discourse markers are a feature of everyday conversation — they signal attitudes and beliefs to their interlocutors beyond the base utterance. One particular type of discourse marker is the invariant tag (InT), for example New Zealand and Canadian English eh. Previous studies of InTs have clearly described InT uses in one language variety (e.g. Berland 1997, on London teenage talk; Stubbe and Holmes 1995, on NZ English; on sociolinguistic features e.g. Stubbe and Holmes 1995 and on single markers e.g. Avis 1972; Love 1973; Gibson 1977; Meyerhoff 1992 and 1994; Gold 2005, 2008 on eh). However, the class of InTs has not yet been fully described, and the variety of approaches taken (corpus- and survey-based) does not easily allow for cross-varietal or cross-linguistic comparison. This study investigates InTs in three varieties of English from a corpus-based approach. It lists the InTs available in New Zealand, British and Indian English through their occurrences in their respective International Corpus of English (ICE) corpora, and compares usages of four tags across the varieties. The description offers a clearer overview of the InT class for descriptive grammars, as well as more explicit definitions and usage guides for e.g. EFL/ESL pedagogy. An unambiguous description of several InTs and their meanings will also allow more thorough comparison in studies of other English varieties. Finally, the results offer another viewpoint on the issue of representativeness in corpora with respect to regional versus national varieties of the Englishes.

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Achiri-Taboh, Blasius. "A generalized question tag in English." English Today 31, no. 1 (2015): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000546.

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In several (colloquial) varieties of English around the world, the tag question is reduced to a single generalized invariant tag ‘isn't it?’. This is used irrespective of the general structure and semantic content of the matrix or main, superordinate clause that embeds it. Linguists started debating seriously on the actual use of tag questions in English since the early 1960s and 70s. The debates then were particularly focused on the use of tags on (elliptical) imperatives, with many concluding that the auxiliary in the imperative main clause is an elliptical will that serves as the source of input for the tag that is appended (Katz & Postal, 1964; Postal, 1966). Arbini (1969) discussed the putative parallel between tag imperatives and tag questions, and other early discussions on tags include Bolinger (1967), Huddleston (1970), and Klima (1964). The present discussion looks to a different direction. As already implied, it focuses on the emergence of isn't it? as a generalized invariant tag.

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Gómez González, María de los Ángeles. "Canonical tag questions in English, Spanish and Portuguese." Languages in Contrast 14, no. 1 (2014): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.14.1.06gom.

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This paper compares and contrasts the patterns of variation exhibited by canonical tag questions ((C)TQs) in English (e.g. ‘That’s enough, isn’t it?’) with those presented by their analogous constructions in Spanish (Es suficiente, ¿no?/ ¿verdad?) and Portuguese (É suficiente, não é?/não?) across a variety of spoken genres that represent the monologic-dialogic, formal-informal and private-public oppositions. The aim is to provide previously lacking comparative statistics that emerge from this trilingual comparison along four parameters: (i) frequencies, (ii) formal features, (iii) distribution across genres, and (iv) functional characteristics. It will be observed that English CTQs are less frequent than analogous constructions in Spanish and particularly in Portuguese. A tag/polarity-based scale will also be proposed in which Portuguese situates itself at one extreme in displaying the widest array of variant and invariant tag types; at the other extreme is Spanish allowing for invariant tags only, whereas English occupies a middle position as it admits both invariant and variant tags but the latter exhibit less variability in kind than their Portuguese counterparts. Lastly, it will be shown that English CTQs display less distributional and functional flexibility than the analogous constructions in the two Romance languages under analysis.

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Perez-Cabre, E., and B. Javidi. "Scale and Rotation Invariant Optical ID Tags for Automatic Vehicle Identification and Authentication." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 54, no. 4 (2005): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2005.851358.

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Achiri-Taboh, Blasius. "The Assertive Clause Hypothesis, Performative Sentences and the Adjacency Condition on Question Tags." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n1p43.

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This article is a continuation of recent work by Achiri-Taboh (2015) in which I have examined isn’t it? as a generalized invariant tag (GIT) used throughout the inflectional paradigm of question tags appended to declarative anchor clauses in different spoken varieties of English around the world. In that work, it is argued from a generative point of view that the source of the GIT is a truncated assertive matrix (TAM) clause in which the actually uttered anchor clause is embedded. In the present study, I explore this Assertive Clause Hypothesis (ACH) in two main ways. First, I look at the implication of the TAM clause for another such matrix clause, namely, the performative matrix clause of John Austin (1962) that has been explored within the framework of Generative Semantics initiated by John Ross in (1970). Then, to further show how the GIT actually connects with the TAM clause, the Adjacency Condition on Question Tags (ACQT) is established with the implication that restrictive tags, as opposed to the GIT, cannot be appended to a compound declarative with the view of questioning the holistic idea asserted in the latter.

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Wang, Jenq Haur, Jhih Siang Syu, Chuan Ming Liu, and Yen Lin Chen. "An Annotation Watermarking Approach to Image Tagging for Relevant Information Retrieval." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3310.

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In existing image search systems, image queries can be used to find similar images through content-based image retrieval (CBIR). In order to obtain more related images, users often need to provide descriptions of the image as the keywords for search engine to extract more relevant information. But it is difficult to find appropriate keywords and text description from the image content. Searching for relevant information from search engines takes a lot of time. In this paper, we propose a CBIR system which effectively finds similar images by comparing image contents and the image annotation embedded in the image. First, we use discrete wavelet transform and two-dimensional code to embed the relevant text information or tags into the image. Then, we extract color ratios and Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors as the image features for similarity matching. The experimental results showed that our proposed approach can accurately find similar images, and extract image-related textual information to provide useful tags for users.

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Fowers, Spencer G., and Dah-Jye Lee. "An Effective Color Addition to Feature Detection and Description for Book Spine Image Matching." ISRN Machine Vision 2012 (December 18, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/945973.

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The important task of library book inventory, or shelf-reading, requires humans to remove each book from a library shelf, open the front cover, scan a barcode, and reshelve the book. It is a labor-intensive and often error-prone process. Technologies such as 2D barcode scanning or radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have recently been proposed to improve this process. They both incur significant upfront costs and require a large investment of time to fit books with special tags before the system can be productive. A vision-based automation system is proposed to improve this process without those prohibitively high upfront costs. This low-cost shelf-reading system uses a hand-held imaging device such as a smartphone to capture book spine images and a server that processes feature descriptors in these images for book identification. Existing color feature descriptors for feature matching typically use grayscale feature detectors, which omit important color edges. Also, photometric-invariant color feature descriptors require unnecessary computations to provide color descriptor information. This paper presents the development of a simple color enhancement feature descriptor called Color Difference-of-Gaussians SIFT (CDSIFT). CDSIFT is well suited for library inventory process automation, and this paper introduces such a system for this unique application.

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Baniata, Laith H., Seyoung Park, and Seong-Bae Park. "A Multitask-Based Neural Machine Translation Model with Part-of-Speech Tags Integration for Arabic Dialects." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122502.

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The statistical machine translation for the Arabic language integrates external linguistic resources such as part-of-speech tags. The current research presents a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) - Conditional Random Fields (CRF) segment-level Arabic Dialect POS tagger model, which will be integrated into the Multitask Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model. The proposed solution for NMT is based on the recurrent neural network encoder-decoder NMT model that has been introduced recently. The study has proposed and developed a unified Multitask NMT model that shares an encoder between the two tasks; Arabic Dialect (AD) to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) translation task and the segment-level POS tagging tasks. A shared layer and an invariant layer are shared between the translation tasks. By training translation tasks and POS tagging task alternately, the proposed model can leverage the characteristic information and improve the translation quality from Arabic dialects to Modern Standard Arabic. The experiments are conducted from Levantine Arabic (LA) to MSA and Maghrebi Arabic (MA) to MSA translation tasks. As an additional linguistic resource, the segment-level part-of-speech tags for Arabic dialects were also exploited. Experiments suggest that translation quality and the performance of POS tagger were improved with the implementation of multitask learning approach.

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Jang, Dong-Hwa, Kyeong-Seok Kwon, Jung-Kon Kim, Ka-Young Yang, and Jong-Bok Kim. "Dog Identification Method Based on Muzzle Pattern Image." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (2020): 8994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248994.

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Currently, invasive and external radio frequency identification (RFID) devices and pet tags are widely used for dog identification. However, social problems such as abandoning and losing dogs are constantly increasing. A more effective alternative to the existing identification method is required and the biometrics can be the alternative. This paper proposes an effective dog muzzle recognition method to identify individual dogs. The proposed method consists of preprocessing, feature extraction, matching, and postprocessing. For preprocessing, proposed resize and histogram equalization are used. For feature extraction algorithm, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Binary Robust Invariant Scaling Keypoints (BRISK) and Oriented FAST, and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) are applied and compared. For matching, Fast Library for Approximate Nearest Neighbors (FLANN) is used for SIFT and SURF, and hamming distance are used for BRISK and ORB. For postprocessing, two techniques to reduce incorrect matches are proposed. The proposed method was evaluated with 55 dog muzzle pattern images acquired from 11 dogs and 990 images augmented by the image deformation (i.e., angle, illumination, noise, affine transform). The best Equal Error Rate (EER) of the proposed method was 0.35%, and ORB was the most appropriate for the dog muzzle pattern recognition.

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Axelsson, Karin. "Questions in English and Swedish fiction texts." Languages in Contrast 20, no. 2 (2020): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00017.axe.

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Abstract The aim of this article is to shed new light on the use and translation of English and Swedish questions in fiction by using a combination of parallel and comparable corpus data extracted from the bidirectional English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. In particular, the study examines questions containing a question mark (QMquestions) categorised into wh-interrogatives, polar interrogatives, alternative questions, tag questions (including those with invariant tags), declarative questions, wh-fragments and non-wh-fragments. The parallel analysis shows that most QMquestion types are more often translated congruently into English than into Swedish. The focus is on types with low mutual correspondence scores: fragments, tag questions and declarative questions. The comparable analyses concern both bilingual contrasts between the original texts and monolingual contrasts between the translation and original subcorpora in both languages. The bilingual analysis aligns with several preliminary findings in the parallel analysis, e.g. the favouring of tag questions and some types of wh-fragments in English. The monolingual analysis reveals both over- and underuse in translations and points to a strong effect of source-language influence.

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Fraga, Luis Gerardo de la, and Heriberto Cruz Hernández. "Optimizing the Maximal Perturbation in Point Sets while Preserving the Order Type." Mathematical and Computational Applications 24, no. 4 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca24040097.

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Recently a new kind of fiducial marker based on order type (OT) has been proposed. Using OT one can unequivocally identify a set of points through its triples of point orientation, and therefore, there is no need to use metric information. These proposed order type tags (OTTs) are invariant under a projective transformation which allows identification of them directly from a photograph. The magnitude of noise in the point positions that a set of points can support without changing its OT, is named the maximal perturbation (MP) value. This value represents the maximal displacement that any point in the set can have in any direction without changing the triplet’s orientation in the set. A higher value of the MP makes an OTT instance more robust to perturbations in the points positions. In this paper, we address the problem of how to improve the MP value for sets of points. We optimize “by hand” the MP for all the 16 subsets of points in the set of OTs composed of six points, and we also propose a general algorithm to optimize all the sets of OTs composed of six, seven, and eight points. Finally, we show several OTTs with improved MP values, and their use in an augmented reality application.

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PALACIOS MARTÍNEZ, IGNACIO. "Variation, development and pragmatic uses ofinnitin the language of British adults and teenagers." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 3 (2014): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674314000288.

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The so-called invariant tags, such aseh, okay, rightandyeah, are extremely frequent in general English speech and have been studied extensively in recent years, especially in the spoken expression of teenagers, where they are a very common feature.In this article I focus oninnit, as inShe love her chocolate innit?andIt was good innit?For this purpose, I analyse and discuss data extracted from two comparable corpora of teen speech: theBergen Corpus of London Teenage Language(COLT), compiled in 1993, and theLinguistic Innovators Corpus(LI), created in 2004. The analysis considers the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the expression, and asks three fundamental questions: hasinnitremained stable in use over time or has it increased in frequency? Hasinnitpreserved its original grammatical features, or has it undergone notable changes? To what extent isinnitespecially associated with teentalk, at least in London speech, rather than with the speech of adults? Contrasts are also drawn with the standard tagisn't it.Findings confirm thatinnitis typical of the language of London teenagers and has not gone out of use; on the contrary, its frequency has increased over the last few years. In contrast, the proportion of tokens found in the language of their adult counterparts is rather marginal. At present,innitconserves syntactic features of its own: it does not follow the regular question tag formation rules and can represent not only the verbbebut alsodo,haveand most of the modal verbs. Furthermore, it continues to show a high degree of flexibility in the sentence, occurring not only in final but also in initial and medial positions. Finally, it appears thatinnitshould no longer be regarded as a simple invariant tag. It tends to behave more and more like a pragmatic marker serving to express the speaker's attitude to the content of the message, thus often reflecting the relationship between the participants in the interaction, and also contributing to the organisation of the discourse. In this respect, two new discourse functions ofinnitare identified and described: emphatic and text organiser.

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Cui, G., A. De Maio, A. Aubry, A. Farina, and L. Kong. "Advanced SLB Architectures with Invariant Receivers." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 49, no. 2 (2013): 798–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6494382.

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Liao, Bin, Kai-Man Tsui, and Shing-Chow Chan. "Frequency Invariant Uniform Concentric Circular Arrays with Directional Elements." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 49, no. 2 (2013): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6494386.

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Zaimbashi, A., M. Derakhtian, and A. Sheikhi. "Invariant Target Detection in Multiband FM-Based Passive Bistatic Radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50, no. 1 (2014): 720–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.120248.

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Mehta, Deval Samirbhai, Shoushun Chen, and Kay-Soon Low. "A Rotation-Invariant Additive Vector Sequence Based Star Pattern Recognition." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 55, no. 2 (2019): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2018.2864431.

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Tan, Chun Kiat, Jianliang Wang, Yew Chai Paw, and Fang Liao. "Autonomous ship deck landing of a quadrotor using invariant ellipsoid method." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 52, no. 2 (2016): 891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2015.140850.

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Wettergren, T. A., R. L. Streit, and J. R. Short. "Tracking with distributed sets of proximity sensors using geometric invariants." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 40, no. 4 (2004): 1366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2004.1386888.

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Amit, Yali, and Donald Geman. "Shape Quantization and Recognition with Randomized Trees." Neural Computation 9, no. 7 (1997): 1545–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.7.1545.

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We explore a new approach to shape recognition based on a virtually infinite family of binary features (queries) of the image data, designed to accommodate prior information about shape invariance and regularity. Each query corresponds to a spatial arrangement of several local topographic codes (or tags), which are in themselves too primitive and common to be informative about shape. All the discriminating power derives from relative angles and distances among the tags. The important attributes of the queries are a natural partial ordering corresponding to increasing structure and complexity; semi-invariance, meaning that most shapes of a given class will answer the same way to two queries that are successive in the ordering; and stability, since the queries are not based on distinguished points and substructures. No classifier based on the full feature set can be evaluated, and it is impossible to determine a priori which arrangements are informative. Our approach is to select informative features and build tree classifiers at the same time by inductive learning. In effect, each tree provides an approximation to the full posterior where the features chosen depend on the branch that is traversed. Due to the number and nature of the queries, standard decision tree construction based on a fixed-length feature vector is not feasible. Instead we entertain only a small random sample of queries at each node, constrain their complexity to increase with tree depth, and grow multiple trees. The terminal nodes are labeled by estimates of the corresponding posterior distribution over shape classes. An image is classified by sending it down every tree and aggregating the resulting distributions. The method is applied to classifying handwritten digits and synthetic linear and nonlinear deformations of three hundred [Formula: see text] symbols. State-of-the-art error rates are achieved on the National Institute of Standards and Technology database of digits. The principal goal of the experiments on [Formula: see text] symbols is to analyze invariance, generalization error and related issues, and a comparison with artificial neural networks methods is presented in this context. [Figure: see text]

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Miron, Sebastian, Yang Song, David Brie, and Kainam Thomas Wong. "Multilinear direction finding for sensor-array with multiple scales of invariance." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 51, no. 3 (2015): 2057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2015.130576.

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Wong, S. K. "High Range Resolution Profiles as Motion-Invariant Features for Moving Ground Targets Identification in SAR-Based Automatic Target Recognition." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 45, no. 3 (2009): 1017–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2009.5259180.

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Naumov, Anatoly Aleksandrovich. "TO S_P-INVARIANCE PROPERTY OF MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS METHODS." Theoretical & Applied Science 6, no. 10 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2013.10.6.1.

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Shao, Xiaodong, and Qinglei Hu. "Immersion and Invariance Adaptive Pose Control for Spacecraft Proximity Operations Under Kinematic and Dynamic Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 57, no. 4 (2021): 2183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3053134.

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Jia, Songmin, Jinbuo Sheng, Daisuke Chugo, and Kunikatsu Takase. "Human Recognition Using RFID Technology and Stereo Vision." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 1 (2009): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0028.

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In this paper, a method of human recognition in indoor environment for mobile robot using RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology and stereo vision is proposed as it is inexpensive, flexible and easy to use in practical environment. Because information of human being can be written in ID tags, the proposed method can detect the human easily and quickly compared with the other methods. The proposed method first calculates the probability where human with ID tag exists using Bayes rule and determines the ROI for stereo camera processing in order to get accurate position and orientation of human. Hu moment invariants was introduced to recognize the human being because this method is insensitive to the variations in position, size and orientation. The proposed method does not need to process all image and easily gets some information of obstacle such as size, color, thus decreases the processing computation. This paper introduces the architecture of the proposed method and presents some experimental results.

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Khalsa, P. S., A. H. Hoffman, and P. Grigg. "Mechanical states encoded by stretch-sensitive neurons in feline joint capsule." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 1 (1996): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.175.

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1. The sensitivity of group II joint afferents innervating cat knee joint capsule to in-plane stretch was studied in vitro. Single afferents were recorded from teased filaments of the posterior articular nerve. The capsule was stretched by applying forces through tabs along the edges of the capsule (3 tabs/edge) with the use of an apparatus that allowed for independent control of each load. The relationships between the neural responses of these afferents and the local continuum mechanical state of the joint capsule have been investigated. By appropriately loading the tissue margins, it was possible to establish states of uniaxial and biaxial tension, including shear. 2. Plane stress was calculated from the loads along the tissue margins. Stress at the location of the mechanoreceptor ending was estimated by interpolation. Strain was calculated from deformations of the capsule measured by tracking markers on its surface. Full characterization of tissue stress and strain made it possible to determine strain energy density and the magnitudes of other coordinate invariant mechanical quantities. 3. Individual afferents (n = 15) exhibited pronounced selectivity to the direction of applied stress and strain. There was no overall preferred orientation across neurons, and simple correlation of individual stress or strain components with the neuronal response revealed no consistent relationship between neuronal response and any single tensor component. However, linear multiple regression of the combined stress and strain components with the neuronal response revealed high correlation (mean R = 0.91), indicating that the measured mechanical states strongly determine the neuronal response. There was a much stronger relationship between neuronal response and stress variables than with strain variables. Simple correlation of the first invariant of the stress tensor with neuronal response had the highest mean correlation of the tensor quantities (R = 0.51). On average, strain energy density was only modestly correlated with the neural response (R = 0.28). 4. These findings indicate that capsule mechanoreceptors are encoding the local continuum mechanical state in the joint capsule. The neural response of these mechanoreceptors is more strongly correlated to local stress than to local strain.

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Zhu, H., J. Xiong, W. Shi, and X. Ji. "Identifying surface acoustic wave ID-tags using the total least squares-estimating signal parameters via the rotational invariance technique algorithm." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 1, no. 6 (2007): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt:20060107.

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Spitznagel, Albert, Stefan Schlutt, and Lothar Schmidt-Atzert. "Redeängstlichkeit:Entwicklung eines mehrdimensionalen Verfahrens." Diagnostica 46, no. 1 (2000): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0012-1924.46.1.47.

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Zusammenfassung. Ein Fragebogen wurde entwickelt, der habituelle zeitliche Verläufe der emotionalen und kognitiven Komponente der Angst anläßlich einer Rede erfassen soll. In zwei Untersuchungen mit Studierenden (N = 294 und 159) wurden aufgrund von Faktorenanalysen für jeden der relevanten vier Zeitpunkte (Tage vor, unmittelbar vor, während und nach einer Rede) jeweils acht Items zur Emotionalität und acht zur Besorgtheit ausgewählt. Die resultierenden acht Skalen hatten eine hohe interne Konsistenz (alpha = .80 bis .92). Zwei weitere Untersuchungen (N = 164 und 56) ergaben u.a., daß die beiden globalen Skalen zur Emotionalität und Besorgtheit noch hinreichend spezifische Varianz aufweisen (r = .71). Zwischen den Subskalen zur Emotionalität wurden moderate Korrelationen (r = .52) gefunden. Die Besorgtheitskomponente erwies sich dagegen als weitgehend invariant über die Zeitpunkte hinweg (r = .76; N jeweils 164). Mit Hilfe einer Konfigurationsclusteranalyse konnten Subpopulationen mit unterschiedlichen “Verläufen” der Emotionalität identifiziert werden. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse dafür, daß mit dem Verfahren kognizierte Verläufe der emotionalen Komponente der Redeängstlichkeit sowie das globale Ausmaß an redebezogener Besorgtheit erfaßt werden können.

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Franz, Guilherme, Matthias T. Delpey, David Brito, Lígia Pinto, Paulo Leitão, and Ramiro Neves. "Modelling of sediment transport and morphological evolution under the combined action of waves and currents." Ocean Science 13, no. 5 (2017): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-13-673-2017.

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Abstract. Coastal defence structures are often constructed to prevent beach erosion. However, poorly designed structures may cause serious erosion problems in the downdrift direction. Morphological models are useful tools to predict such impacts and assess the efficiency of defence structures for different scenarios. Nevertheless, morphological modelling is still a topic under intense research effort. The processes simulated by a morphological model depend on model complexity. For instance, undertow currents are neglected in coastal area models (2DH), which is a limitation for simulating the evolution of beach profiles for long periods. Model limitations are generally overcome by predefining invariant equilibrium profiles that are allowed to shift offshore or onshore. A more flexible approach is described in this paper, which can be generalised to 3-D models. The present work is based on the coupling of the MOHID modelling system and the SWAN wave model. The impacts of different designs of detached breakwaters and groynes were simulated in a schematic beach configuration following a 2DH approach. The results of bathymetry evolution are in agreement with the patterns found in the literature for several existing structures. The model was also tested in a 3-D test case to simulate the formation of sandbars by undertow currents. The findings of this work confirmed the applicability of the MOHID modelling system to study sediment transport and morphological changes in coastal zones under the combined action of waves and currents. The same modelling methodology was applied to a coastal zone (Costa da Caparica) located at the mouth of a mesotidal estuary (Tagus Estuary, Portugal) to evaluate the hydrodynamics and sediment transport both in calm water conditions and during events of highly energetic waves. The MOHID code is available in the GitHub repository.

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Huang, Peng, Cheryl A. Keller, Belinda Giardine, et al. "Comparison of Fetal and Adult Erythroid Chromosomal Architectures Identifies a Novel Fetal Hemoglobin Regulatory Region." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (2017): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.774.774.

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Abstract Chromatin structure is tightly intertwined with transcription regulation. The extent to which global chromatin architecture is subjected to alterations at different developmental stages within the same cell lineage has not been examined in great depth. Erythropoiesis offers an ideal model system to study the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation within the same cell lineage during development. Here, we comparatively defined via RNA-seq the transcriptomes, and via Hi-C and Capture-C the chromosome architectures of primary human fetal and adult erythroid cells. Overall, fetal and adult chromosomal conformations displayed a high degree of similarity. This includes the maintenance of A and B compartments representing active and inactive chromatin regions, respectively. Only ~5% of the genome switched compartments from A to B or vice versa, in agreement with the highly similar gene expression profiles. Moreover, topologically associating domains (TADs) were extensively preserved from fetal to adult stages. The developmentally regulated β-globin gene cluster is contained within one topologically associating domain (TAD) but folds into a three sub-TADs structure, the central one of which encompasses the β-globin locus. Notably, although the three sub-TAD structures are flanked by tissue invariant CTCF bound sites, they engage in looped contacts only in erythroid cells, indicating that erythroid specific transcription factors are required for CTCF mediated boundary contacts. At a finer scale, Capture-C detected distinct folding patterns at the developmentally controlled β-globin locus, including the expected stage-specific interactions between the enhancer (LCR) and the fetal γ-globin and adult β-globin genes. Importantly, we identified new developmental stage-specific chromatin contacts involving a region compassing a pseudogene (HBBP1) that resides between the fetal and adult globin genes. Specifically, HBBP1 engages in fetal stage-specific contacts with DNase hypersensitive sites HS5 and 3'HS1 while contacting the embryonic ε-globin gene at the adult stage. Deletion of a 2.3kb fragment encompassing HBBP1 (but not its transcriptional silencing) leads to strong reactivation of γ-globin gene expression in an adult erythroid cell line. This is accompanied by an architecturally restructured locus, including increased LCR-γ-globin chromatin interactions. Notably, the effects of HBBP1 deletion on chromatin architecture and gene expression closely mimic those of deleting the fetal globin repressor BCL11A, implicating BCL11A in the function of the HBBP1 region. In sum, our results identify a new segment, distinct from previously described regions linked to hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, which engages in functionally important chromatin contacts. Since the HBBP1 region resides quite distantly from the structural globin genes, it might be a useful target for therapeutic genome editing without risking damage to the globin genes. Finally, our study highlights the power of high resolution chromosome architectural analysis to identify new regulatory regions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Pichler, Heike. "Grammaticalization and language contact in a discourse-pragmatic change in progress: The spread of innit in London English." Language in Society, May 11, 2021, 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404521000257.

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Abstract This variationist analysis investigates the development and spread of innit as an invariant tag in London English. The sociolinguistic distribution of innit in a socially stratified corpus of vernacular speech suggests that the form's emergence and spread were initiated and propelled system-internally through changes associated with grammaticalization. Frequency triggered phonetic reduction of isn't it to innit; loss of syntactic-semantic usage constraints and growing functional versatility enabled innit to seize the range of contexts and functions of grammatically-dependent tags (e.g. didn't you, weren't we), virtually ousting these from the system of negative-polarity interrogative tags. Examination of cross-linguistic data and comparisons with relevant pre- and non-contact varieties indicate multiple language contact and grammatical replication may have played an ancillary role. I flag some challenges of establishing contact effects in discourse-pragmatic change, and propose that the promotion of innit for invariant use was governed by its low salience and social indexicality of localness. (Innit, question tags, (Multicultural) London English, grammaticalization, language contact, grammatical replication)*

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"An Integrated Methods for Refined Facial-Image Retrieval using Sift and Click-Through Data." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1S6 (2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1011.1291s619.

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In the modern era, the emergence of social networking sites paved the way to the people to upload lot of images online. Social sites like Instagram and Flickr allow users to add semantic information to the images in the form of tags. Often these tags are the firsthand semantic data for retrieving the images from the Internet. When a user searches for images in the web, the images with tags relevant to user query are retrieved. Most of the time, these semantic data are not relevant to the content of the image and hence the user gets irrelevant images in contrast to their intended search. This is more common in facial image search. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to refine the relevance of retrieved facial images. Using Scale Invariant Feature Extraction (SIFT) the facial features of semantically most relevant image and click-through data of all the retrieved images are used to rank and present a meaningful search result. Along with facial features and click through information, the co-occurrence of related tags is also considered. Also we propose the construction of inverted index structure to improve the search performance.

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Fu, Jianlong, and Yong Rui. "Advances in deep learning approaches for image tagging." APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing 6 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/atsip.2017.12.

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The advent of mobile devices and media cloud services has led to the unprecedented growth of personal photo collections. One of the fundamental problems in managing the increasing number of photos is automatic image tagging. Image tagging is the task of assigning human-friendly tags to an image so that the semantic tags can better reflect the content of the image and therefore can help users better access that image. The quality of image tagging depends on the quality of concept modeling which builds a mapping from concepts to visual images. While significant progresses are made in the past decade on image tagging, the previous approaches can only achieve limited success due to the limited concept representation ability from hand-crafted features (e.g., Scale-Invariant Feature Transform, GIST, Histogram of Oriented Gradients, etc.). Further progresses are made, since the efficient and effective deep learning algorithms have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to categorize and evaluate different image tagging approaches based on deep learning techniques. We also discuss the relevant problems and applications to image tagging, including data collection, evaluation metrics, and existing commercial systems. We conclude the advantages of different image tagging paradigms and propose several promising research directions for future works.

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Mignucci, Alexandre, Jérôme Bourjea, Fabien Forget, et al. "Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free-swimming gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata." Journal of Experimental Biology 224, no. 14 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.242397.

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ABSTRACT Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (fH) required 60 h to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21°C), mean fH was always significantly lower in the tank than in the respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100% to 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than in the respirometers at oxygen levels down to 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this level. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VARm), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31°C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fish will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fish in their natural environment.

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Sun, Xiucong, Hao Zhang, Pei Chen, and Chao Han. "On the Feasibility of Orbit Determination from Gravity Gradient Invariants." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2020, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.3016875.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Invariant tags'

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