Academic literature on the topic 'Invasie (biologie)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Invasie (biologie)"
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Schmidt, Lindsay, and Jeffrey Myers. "Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma and the Significance of Invasion: Predicting Biologic Behavior." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0227-cr.1.
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Abstract A resected adenocarcinoma illustrates challenges in diagnosing bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC). Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is defined by lack of invasion, something that may be difficult to assess in scars. Small (≤0.5 cm) invasive foci have little impact on the good prognosis associated with low-stage tumors. The term microinvasive adenocarcinoma or minimally invasive adenocarcinoma has been proposed for otherwise typical BACs and small invasive foci measuring 0.5 cm or less. Larger areas of invasion are associated with a more aggressive course and more reliably distinguish BAC from other variants of adenocarcinoma. Separating BAC from other forms of adenocarcinoma is important owing to differences in prognosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Chang, Kevin Y., and Wellington K. Hsu. "Spinal Biologics in Minimally Invasive Lumbar Surgery." Minimally Invasive Surgery 2018 (April 5, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5230350.
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As the use of minimally invasive spine (MIS) fusion approaches continues to grow, increased scrutiny is being placed on its outcomes and efficacies against traditional open fusion surgeries. While there are many factors that contribute to the success of achieving spinal arthrodesis, selecting the optimal fusion biologic remains a top priority. With an ever-expanding market of bone graft substitutes, it is important to evaluate each of their use as it pertains to MIS techniques. This review will summarize the important characteristics and properties of various spinal biologics used in minimally invasive lumbar surgeries and compare their fusion rates via a systematic review of published literature.
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Vrbničanin, Sava, and Dragana Božić. "Biological invasions: The example of weed species." Acta herbologica 23, no. 2 (2014): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/actaherb1402097v.
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Heiss, Kirsten, Hui Nie, Sumit Kumar, Thomas M. Daly, Lawrence W. Bergman, and Kai Matuschewski. "Functional Characterization of a Redundant Plasmodium TRAP Family Invasin, TRAP-Like Protein, by Aldolase Binding and a Genetic Complementation Test." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 6 (April 25, 2008): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00089-08.
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ABSTRACT Efficient and specific host cell entry is of exquisite importance for intracellular pathogens. Parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa are highly motile and actively enter host cells. These functions are mediated by type I transmembrane invasins of the TRAP family that link an extracellular recognition event to the parasite actin-myosin motor machinery. We systematically tested potential parasite invasins for binding to the actin bridging molecule aldolase and complementation of the vital cytoplasmic domain of the sporozoite invasin TRAP. We show that the ookinete invasin CTRP and a novel, structurally related protein, termed TRAP-like protein (TLP), are functional members of the TRAP family. Although TLP is expressed in invasive stages, targeted gene disruption revealed a nonvital role during life cycle progression. This is the first genetic analysis of TLP, encoding a redundant TRAP family invasin, in the malaria parasite.
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Medina Villaamil, Vanessa, Guadalupe Aparicio Gallego, Francisco Gomez Veiga, Manuel Valladares Ayerbes, Maria Quindós Varela, Natalia Fernandez Nunez, Aurea Molina Diaz, Isabel Santamarina Cainzos, and Luis Miguel Anton Aparicio. "Using biologic knowledge to discover molecular correlations between human renal cell carcinoma pathways." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.451.
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451 Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be resistant to chemotherapy. There is need for the identification of biomarkers capable to determine RCC prognosis factors and metastatic potential obtainable from non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques. Our aim was to derive predictive models which could predict more accurately than any one factor alone. Methods: To studythe cascade of events leading to the formation and progression of RCC, we assessed 29 markers by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR using tissue micro-array (TMA). Results: Multivariate logistic regression showed the best proteins combination for node status (NOTCH1 and GLUT5) and pelvis invasion (EGFR and DLL3). ROC curve analyses were made to analyse the accuracy of the best candidate proteins; it should be noted NOTCH1 and GLUT5 for node status prediction (AUC=0.833, 95% CI, 0.744-0.922; p<0.001) and EGFR and DLL3 for pelvis invasion (AUC=0.777, 95% CI, 0.631-0.922; p=0.007). Furthermore, we carried out the correlation between these candidate proteins and all mRNA measured in order to deepen in the cellular transcripts traffic associated with them. To highlight the correlation between high DLL3 protein levels and low Hif1-β expression, and the negative correlation between GLUT5 protein and low levels of Baxβ. Conclusions: In the age of individual therapy, the approach to percutaneous image-guided RCC biopsy procedures plays an expanded role. Applying a 2 mm punch needle for constructing a TMA we could describe for the first time how are combined and correlated 29 markers in regression equations to predict in the most optimal way a number of pathological variables associated with RCC. [Table: see text]
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Osek, Jacek, and Kinga Wieczorek. "Listeria monocytogenes—How This Pathogen Uses Its Virulence Mechanisms to Infect the Hosts." Pathogens 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11121491.
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Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood–brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of listeriosis and L. monocytogenes virulence mechanisms that are involved in host infection, with a special focus on their molecular and cellular aspects. We believe that all this information is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
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Ochsenkühn, Thomas, Constanze Waggershauser, Cornelia Tillack-Schreiber, Isabel Braun, Maximilian Sohn, Franz Bader, June Munich, and Fabian Schnitzler. "SAFETY OF PERIOPERATIVE BIOLOGICS IN PATIENTS WITH IBD UNDERGOING RESECTIVE BOWEL SURGERY: THE MUNICH IBD CENTER EXPERIENCE." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 29, Supplement_1 (January 26, 2023): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izac247.003.
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Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS The risk of biologics in the peri-operative setting in IBD is still discussed controversially. Recently, the large prospective PUCCINI trial could demonstrate that direct exposure to TNF-blockers within 12 weeks before abdominal surgery was not associated with a higher risk of infectious complications. However, in daily clinical practice experiences on biological treatment perioperatively are limited. In our current retrospective trial, we addressed the safety of different biologicals in a peri-operative setting. METHODS Eligible IBD patients in this single center study were recruited from our Munich IBD center between January 2012 and May 2022, who underwent bowel surgery at our Department of Surgery. Direct exposure to biologics was defined as exposure to biologics within 12 weeks before abdominal surgery. To evaluate safety, the postoperative outcome focused on minor complications, defined as infectious complications, wound healing complications and major complications, defined as insufficiency of the anastomosis and abscess formation at the surgery site postoperatively. RESULTS A total of 447 IBD patients (334 CD/113 UC, 51.9% female) were included and were followed for a median time of 45 months [range 0-113]. Median age was 44 years [19-89], median age at diagnosis was 24 years [5-84] and median age at surgery was 41 years [16/85]. Median disease duration until surgery was 11 years [0-47]. With 74.3%, the majority of IBD patients had moderate to severe IBD disease activity at date of surgery. A total of 73.9% (326/447) had medical treatment at date of surgery, 61.5% (275/447) were treated with biologics within 3 months before surgery and 42.3% (189/447) had biologics within 4 weeks before surgery. Overall, 36.9% of patients (164/447) received infliximab, 13.0% (58/447) adalimumab, 1.1% (6/447) golimumab, 5.8% (26/447) vedolizumab, 6.5% (29/447) ustekinumab, perioperatively. The majority of surgeries was planned electively (97.1%, 434/447), and performed laparoscopically (67.8%, 303/447). Minor and major postoperative complications occurred in 20.8% (93/447) of patients. Serious complications were observed in a total of 9 patients, six patients had acute bleeding complications postoperatively, 1 patient developed peritonitis and 2 CD patients died postoperatively, one with and one without biologics. No significant differences regarding complications and safety were observed between patients with versus without biologic treatment. Interestingly, CD patients with direct exposure to biologics were more likely to undergo minimal-invasive surgery (63.1%, 135/214) than patients without exposure (28.3%, 34/120, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective single center study of 447 IBD patients could demonstrate that biologic treatment before sugery, even within 4 weeks, is not associated with a higher risk of complications.
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Biswas, Tithi, Charulata Jindal, Timothy L. Fitzgerald, and Jimmy T. Efird. "Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) and Survival of Women with Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC): An Analysis Based on Biologic Subtypes and Demographic Characteristics." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010124.
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In this US-based study of the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we examined 8550 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic, invasive inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) who received surgery from 2004–2013. Patients were grouped into four biologic subtypes (HR+/HER2−, HR+/HER2+, HR−/HER2+, HR−/HER2−). On average, women were 56 years of age at diagnosis and were followed for a median of 3.7 years. The majority were white (80%), had private health insurance (50%), and presented with poorly differentiated tumors (57%). Approximately 46% of the cancers were >5 cm. Most patients underwent mastectomy (94%) and received radiotherapy (71%). Differences by biologic subtypes were observed for grade, lymph node invasion, race, and tumor size (p < 0.0001). Patients experiencing pathologic complete response (pCR, 12%) vs. non-pCR had superior 5-year overall survival (OS) (77% vs. 54%) (p < 0.0001). Survival was poor for triple-negative (TN) tumors (37%) vs. other biologic subtypes (60%) (p < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, TN-IBC, positive margins, and not receiving either chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or radiotherapy were independently associated with poor 5-year survival (p < 0.0001). In this analysis of IBC, categorized by biologic subtypes, we observed significant differential tumor, patient and treatment characteristics, and OS.
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Manthri, Sukesh, Muhammad Iqbal, Kathy Robinson, Robert S. Mocharnuk, and Meghna R. Desai. "Tumor biologic characteristics and clinical outcomes in geriatric patients with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e21526-e21526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e21526.
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e21526 Background: The probability of dying from breast cancer increases from 0.2% to 2% annually for women once they reach 70 years of age. However there is limited age-related information available about tumor biologic characteristics (TBCs) and clinical outcomes among elderly patients (pts). The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of TBCs on clinical outcomes in a single institution's geriatric breast cancer pts. Methods: An institutional database of a total of 269 patients with histologically confirmed invasive or in-situ breast cancer with age 65 years or older at the time of diagnosis was reviewed in an IRB approved fashion. Tumors were assessed for Nottingham grade, stage, ER/PR status, HER-2 status, tumor histology, lymphovascular invasion and nodal status. Kaplan-Meyer and Cox proportional hazards methods were used to calculate overall survival (OS). Results: Breast cancer was seen equally in both breasts: left n = 130 (48.3%), right n = 132 (49.1%). Most tumors were located in the upper outer quadrant (n = 122, 45.35%). TNM clinical stage Tlc was identified in 79 pts (29.36%), Tlb in 55 pts (20.44%), T2 in 54 pts (20.07%) and no nodal involvement in 146 pts (54.27%). Nottingham Grade 2 (n = 120, 44.60%) and invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 152, 56.50%) were diagnosed most often. Tumors were more frequently ER+ (n = 237, 88.10%), PR+ (n = 210, 78.06%), and HER2-negative (n = 219, 81.41%). There was no statistically significant increase in OS based on location of tumor (P = 0.9796) and tumor histology (invasive ductal vs invasive lobular cancers, P = 0.1143). Node negative breast cancers were associated with increased OS (P = 0.0014). Grade 2 tumors were associated with increased OS compared to Grade 3 tumors (P = 0.0112). ER+ and PR-negative tumors were associated with decreased OS in both short term and long term follow up (P = 0.0083 & P = 0.0254). Conclusions: In pts 65 years of age or older with newly diagnosed breast cancer, lack of nodal involvement is associated with increased OS. Prognosis for ER+ and PR-negative tumors is worse compared to ER+ and PR+ tumors. Nottingham Grade 2 tumors have better OS compared to Grade 3 tumors. Location of tumor and tumor histology are not associated with increased OS.
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Mercer, Louise K., Johan Askling, Pauline Raaschou, William G. Dixon, Lene Dreyer, Merete Lund Hetland, Anja Strangfeld, et al. "Risk of invasive melanoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologics: results from a collaborative project of 11 European biologic registers." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209285.
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ObjectivesSome studies have reported a possible association between exposure to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and an increased risk of melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive cutaneous melanomas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi), other biologic disease modifying drugs and non-biologic therapy.MethodsEleven biologic registers from nine European countries participated in this collaborative project. According to predefined exposure definitions, cohorts of patients with RA were selected. Using the country-specific general population of each register as reference, age, sex and calendar year standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) of invasive histology-confirmed cutaneous melanoma were calculated within each register. Pooled SIR and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing biologic cohorts to biologic-naïve were calculated across countries by taking the size of the register into account.ResultsOverall 130 315 RA patients with a mean age of 58 years contributing 579 983 person-years were available for the analysis and 287 developed a first melanoma. Pooled SIRs for biologic-naïve, TNFi and rituximab-exposed patients were 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4), 1.2 (0.99 to 1.6) and 1.3 (0.6 to 2.6), respectively. Incidence rates in tocilizumab and abatacept-exposed patients were also not significantly increased. IRR versus biologic-naïve patients were: TNFi 1.1 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.6); rituximab 1.2 (0.5 to 2.9).ConclusionsThis large European collaborative project did not confirm an overall increased risk of melanoma following exposure to TNFi.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invasie (biologie)"
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Vries, Johannes Erik de. "Genotypic and phenotypic effects of c-Ha-ras oncogene transfection on human colorectal carcinoma cell lines." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5752.
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Bardon, Clément. "Inhibition biologique de la dénitrification (BDI) par des métabolites secondaires du complexe d’espèces Fallopia spp." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10308/document.
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L'azote est souvent considéré comme le premier facteur limitant la croissance des plantes terrestres (Vitousek & Howarth, 1991a; LeBauer & Treseder, 2008). Ainsi, les études sur le contrôle du fonctionnement microbien et la sélection des microorganismes des sols par les plantes se sont principalement intéressées au cycle de l'azote (N) (Chapman et al., 2006). Certaines plantes peuvent inhiber la nitrification ou la minéralisation de l'azote des sols par la libération de métabolites secondaires. Cependant, bien que la dénitrification soit considérée comme une voie majeure de perte d'azote des sols (25-90%) (van der Salm et al., 2007; Radersma & Smit, 2011), l'inhibition de la dénitrification par les métabolites secondaires de plantes n'a jamais été démontrée. Or il a été constaté à de nombreuses reprises qu'aux voisinages de certaines plantes la dénitrification du sol était réduite. C'est le cas du complexe d'espèces Fallopia spp. pour lequel les principaux facteurs connus pour influencer ce processus ne pouvaient expliquer cette réduction (Dassonville et al., 2011). Nos résultats démontrent pour la 1ière fois que les plantes (ici Fallopia) peuvent inhiber la dénitrification par la libération de procyanidines de type B qui induisent en anaérobiose des modifications physiologiques chez les dénitrifiants. Selon les sols, les communautés peuvent être plus ou moins sensibles notamment en fonction de leur exposition précédente à Fallopia spp.. Nos résultats apportent de nouvelles connaissances sur les interactions entre plantes et microorganismes et améliorent notre compréhension sur la capacité des plantes à modeler le fonctionnement microbien des solsNitrogen is often considered as the first limiting factor of plant growth (Vitousek & Howarth, 1991a; LeBauer & Treseder, 2008). Thus studies on plant-driven microbial functioning and selection by secondary metabolites have mostly focused on the effect of plant on the nitrogen (N) cycle (Chapman et al., 2006). Some plants can inhibit the nitrification and the nitrogen mineralization processes in soils through the release of secondary metabolites (Subbarao et al., 2009; Dietz et al., 2013; Heumann et al., 2013). However, while denitrification is considered as a major way of N losses in soils (25-90%) (van der Salm et al., 2007; Radersma & Smit, 2011), the denitrification inhibition by plant secondary metabolites was never demonstrated. However, it has been observed several times that the denitrification in soils near some species was reduced. The invasive complex species Fallopia spp. was shown to reduce denitrification in soils without affecting principal factors known to control this process (Dassonville et al 2011). Our, results demonstrate for the first time, that plants (here Fallopia spp.) can inhibit denitrification through the release of B-type procyanidins that induce physiological changes in denitrifying bacteria under anaerobic conditions. These compounds affect specifically the membrane-bound NO3-reductase through conformational changes. Less sensitive soils denitrifying communities may be selected in soils previously exposed to Fallopia spp. Our finding provides new insight into plant-soil interactions and improves our understanding of plants abilities to shape microbial soil functioning
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Seyed, Sadr Mohamad. "SLIT proteins inhibit malignant brain tumour cell invasion via downregulation of pro-invasive genes." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110340.
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Most cancer deaths result from the progression of the tumour pathology whereby a localised mass evolves into an invasive and metastatic disease, spreading away from the main tumour mass. Malignant brain tumours such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma are among the most invasive human cancers. The Slit-Robo pathway is extensively characterised as a repellent of axons and neural cells. Therefore we hypothesised that Slit proteins would repel invasive brain tumour cells. The first chapter of this thesis provides a thorough introduction of the oncology field as it pertains to malignant brain tumour biology and to the field of Slit-Robo family of proteins. The second chapter provides evidence for Slit proteins and their inhibitory effect on malignant brain tumour cell invasion. We further characterise the signaling pathway employed by Slit proteins to impart an inhibitory effect on tumour cell invasion. We present data suggesting that Slit proteins decrease the transcriptional expression of numerous pro-invasive and pro-angiogenic genes in malignant brain tumour cells. We characterise the product of one of these genes, MMP14, as a protease of Robo proteins. A model is proposed that explains the observation that decreasing the expression of MMP14 leads to a decrease in brain tumour cell invasion. These results suggest that malignant brain tumour cells respond to Slit by modulating a series of transcripts critical for cell invasion. Therefore, targeting malignant brain tumour cells with Slit proteins or chemical analogues that mimic Slit's effects may provide a potentially novel anti-invasive therapy.La transformation d'une tumeur primaire en tumeur maligne et métastatique, s'éloignant du point d'origine, est souvent la principale cause de décès chez le patient. Les tumeurs cérébrales malignes tel les glioblastomes et les médulloblastomes sont parmi les plus invasives cancers humains. La voie de signalisation de Slit-Robo a été largement caractérisée et montre l'implication de Slit-Robo dans la répulsion des axones et cellules neuronales. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié la possibilité que Slit-Robo pourraient repousser les cellules cancéreuses invasives cérébrales. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente une introduction approfondie du rôle de la famille des protéines Slit-Robo dans le contexte du cancer et de la biologie des tumeurs cérébrales. Le deuxième chapitre présente des preuves de l'implication des protéines Slit et leur rôle dans l'inhibition de l'invasion des cellules de tumeurs cérébrales. Aussi, la caractérisation de la voie de signalisation employée par les protéines Slit dans l'inhibitionde l'invasion des cellules cancéreuses a été montrée. De plus, cette étude présente des résultats qui suggèrent que les protéines Slit diminuent l'expression de la transcription degènes pro-angiogénique et pro-invasif des cellules tumorales. Nous avons aussi identifié MMP14 comme une protéase des protéines Robo et dont l'expression est influencée par les protéines Slit. Finalement, nous proposons un modèle démontrant qu'une diminution de l'expression de MMP14 induit une réduction de l'invasion des cellules tumorales du cerveau.
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Cohen, Gabriel Jorgewich. "Genética de populações aplicada à biologia da invasão: um panorama da invasão da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-26062018-091821/.
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Invasões biológicas tem um papel cada vez mais importante nas políticas ambientais, visto que espécies invasoras desempenham uma crescente influência sobre novos ambientes onde são introduzidas, podendo gerar grandes impactos naturais e financeiros. Estudos na área da biologia da invasão se fazem extremamente necessários para remediar e evitar novas introduções. Dentre as metodologias aplicadas ao estudo das invasões biológicas, a genética de populações apresenta diversas ferramentas uteis para responder perguntas relevantes nos esforços de controle de espécies invasoras. No presente trabalho usamos recursos moleculares aplicados à genética de populações da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus), o anfíbio invasor mais disseminado no planeta. Através deste estudo foi possível compreender mais sobre a estrutura genética das populações invasoras do Brasil e do mundo, além de seu histórico de invasão e sua população nativa de origem. Entender e contextualizar as características e motivos que levam ao sucesso de uma invasão biológica é importante para esforços de combate a pragas e para evitar que outros invasores se fixem em novos ambientes. Este trabalho levantou novos conhecimentos que podem e devem ser usados em políticas de combates à invasão da rã-touroBiological invasions play an increasingly important role in environmental policies as invasive species represent a growing impact in new environments where they are introduced, potentially causing large natural and financial problems. Studies in the field of invasion biology are extremely necessary to remedy and prevent new introductions. Among the methodologies applied to the study of biological invasions, population genetics presents several useful tools to answer relevant questions in efforts to control invasive species. In the present work we used molecular resources applied to the genetics of populations of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), the most widespread invasive amphibian on the planet. Through this study it was possible to understand more about the genetic structure of the invasive populations in Brazil and in the world, and its history of invasion and its native population of origin. Understanding and contextualizing the characteristics and motives that lead to the success of a biological invasion is important for pest control efforts and to prevent other invaders from focusing on new environments. This work has raised new knowledge that can and should be used in policies to combat Bullfrog invasion
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Bohl, Kerry. "An investigation of the factors leading to invasion success of non-native plants using a system of native, introduced non-invasive, and invasive Eugenia congeners in Florida." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4442.
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The overwhelming majority of plant species introduced into a new range never become invasive. Consequently, identification of factors allowing the small fraction of successful invaders to naturalize, increase in abundance, and displace resident species continues to be a key area of research in invasion biology. Of the considerable number of hypotheses that have been proposed to resolve why some plant species become noxious pests, the enemy release hypothesis (ERH) is one of the most commonly cited. The ERH maintains that invasive plants succeed in a new range because they are no longer regulated by their coevolved natural enemies, and this reduction in enemy pressure imparts a competitive advantage over native species, which continue to be negatively impacted by top-down processes. Alternatively, the ability of invasive plant species to outperform their counterparts, rather than escape from enemies, may be key in conferring invasion success. The importance of preadapted traits and release from natural enemies in successful invasion remains unclear, likely owing to a lack of empirical studies comparing their effects on relative performance and population growth of closely related species that differ in origin and invasiveness. A system of co-occurring native, introduced non-invasive, and invasive Eugenia congeners exists in south Florida, providing an opportunity to address deficiencies in our understanding of plant invasions by investigating the factors leading to invasion success for Eugenia uniflora. This approach is novel because very few studies have simultaneously incorporated both native and introduced non-invasive congeners into tests of these hypotheses, and no others have done so using this system of Eugenia congeners.
The first study in this dissertation tested the ERH using an insect herbivore exclusion experiment in the field to compare the effects of natural enemies on the performance and population growth of Eugenia uniflora and its native congeners. The results showed that E. uniflora sustained more herbivore damage than its native counterparts, and that the effects of herbivores were sufficient to have negative impacts on performance and population growth. In sum, these findings contradict the ERH. Surprisingly, the vast majority of damage to E. uniflora was caused by the recently introduced Sri Lankan weevil (Myllocerus undatus), with which it shares no coevolutionary history. The second study compared seedling performance among native, introduced non-invasive, and invasive Eugenia congeners to determine if the success of E. uniflora can be attributed to superior performance traits. Invasive E. uniflora was found to outperform its native and introduced non-invasive counterparts in a number of seedling traits, including emergence, growth, and survival, in spite of sustaining higher levels of herbivore damage in the field. This result was consistent across years and sites, suggesting that superior performance may be an important factor in invasion success by E. uniflora. The final experiment investigated the role of enemy release on performance of native, introduced non-invasive, and introduced invasive Eugenia seedlings using an insect herbivore exclusion experiment in the field. In this study, the invasive E. uniflora was again found to sustain more damage by foliar herbivores compared to its native and introduced non-invasive counterparts. However, in spite of higher levels of herbivore damage, E. uniflora continued to outperform its congeners in terms of stem growth, and its congeners did not outperform E. uniflora in any attribute. Insect herbivores negatively affected survival of all species, but were found to have little effect on growth. In combination, the results of these studies indicate that the ability of E. uniflora to outperform its native and introduced congeners at the seedling stage, and not release from insect herbivores, may contribute to its success as an invader. Additionally, E. uniflora exhibits relatively low resistance to herbivory in the new range, and instead may possess an ability to tolerate moderate levels of damage. The implications of this study are that enemy release may not be important in determining invasion success in some systems, and that the accumulation of new enemies may mitigate the effects of invasive plants over time. The paucity of studies investigating interactions among invasive plants and herbivores that share no coevolutionary history warrants further research. Finally, this system of Eugenia congeners provides valuable opportunities to test additional hypotheses and to further explore factors leading to invasion success.
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Barrios, Barri Oriol de. "Role of ZEB1 in Tumor Progression: Regulation of Cell Invasion and Senescence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401707.
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The members of ZEB family of transcription factors (ZEB1 and ZEB2) are widely known for its role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a highly relevant process during development and tumor progression. In this process, cells lose their epithelial features and acquire mesenchymal markers, thus increasing their motility and invasive capacity. However, it has been recently described that ZEB factors can function beyond the EMT induction, and that are associated with other tumor hallmarks: apoptosis inhibition, chemotherapy resistance, etc. Regarding colorectal cancer (CRC), ZEB1 is activated by the Wnt signaling pathway, which is active in around 80% of the cases. Consequently, ZEB1 is expressed in the invasive cells at the tumor front, providing the tumor with higher aggressiveness and metastatic capacity.
Taking this background into account, the general aim of the Thesis was to characterize new potential mechanisms through which ZEB1 regulates oncogenic transformation and tumor progression in CRC, beyond EMT induction. The specific aims were: 1) Describe the role of ZEB1 in the regulation of initial steps of tumor invasiveness, such as the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM); 2) Identify new ZEB1 target genes at the tumor front of CRCs, investigating a potential modulation of Wnt signaling, as well as characterizing the in vivo relevance of these potential targets; 3) Identify other hallmarks of cancer that may be regulated by ZEB1 during CRC progression.
The results of the Thesis are presented as a summary of publications. The first paper (Clin Cancer Res, 2013. 19(5):1071-82) describes the role of ZEB1 in the opposite regulation of the Plasminogen Activation System (PAS) members (uPA and PAI-1). This regulation promotes the migration of CRC cells through the ECM.
The conclusions obtained from this first paper are:
1- ZEB1 modulates CRC cells migration through the peritumoral stroma by means of uPA activation and PAI-1 repression
2- ZEB1 activates uPA at the transcriptional level through its direct binding to the promoter region, in a mechanism involving the coactivator p300 and Wnt signaling.
3- ZEB1 represses PAI-1 by reducing its mRNA stability, which supposes a new gene regulation mechanism for ZEB1.
4- During ZEB1-induced CRC cells migration and invasion, uPA expression is required.
5- ZEB1 correlates positively with uPA, but not with PAI-1, at the invasive front of CRCs, cooperating in its role in ECM remodeling.
The results of the second paper (Gut, 2016. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310838) have identified a new mechanism through which ZEB1 inhibits cancer cells entrance in senescence, a tumor suppressor mechanism. ZEB1 activates the Wnt-antagonnist DKK1, triggering the activation of a signaling cascade that involves mutant p53, MDM2 and CtBP. This ultimate corepressor cooperates with ZEB1 in the repression of macroH2A1, key in senescence induction.
The conclusions obtained from this second paper are:
1- The maximum effect of ZEB1 in predicting poor CRC survival requires high Wnt- antagonist DKK1 simultaneous expression. Both genes correlate positively in CRCs.
2- ZEB1 activates DKK1 transcriptionally, through a mechanism that involves the coactivator p300 and the Wnt-effector TCF4.
3- The combined expression of ZEB1 and DKK1 inhibits a senescence-related genes group in CRC patients. Some of these genes, including H2AFY (that codifies for macroH2A1), are cooperatively repressed by ZEB1 and DKK1.
4- ZEB1 requires the presence of DKK1 to repress the formation of senescence- associated heterochromatin foci and the consequent cellular senescence.
5- ZEB1 represses macroH2A1 by direct binding to its promoter.
6- ZEB1 represses cellular senescence through the subsequent activation of DKK1, mutant p53, MDM2 and CtBP. The activation of CtBP enhances ZEB1’s repressor activity on macroH2A1 promoter.
7- ZEB1 correlates positively with DKK1 at CRC tumor front. Conversely, macroH2A1 displays an inverse expression pattern.
8- Reduction of ZEB1 levels in vivo is sufficient to induce senescence, reduce colorectal tumor formation and improve survival in a mouse model of CRC.
9- The tumorigenic capacity of ZEB1 depends on the concomitant low levels of macroH2A1.
10- The role of ZEB1 in determining poor CRC prognosis depends on its ability to repress macroH2A1 and other senescence markers, such as GLB1.Els factors de transcripció ZEB (ZEB1 i ZEB2) son àmpliament coneguts pel seu paper en la transició epitelial-mesenquimal (EMT). A través d’aquest procés, les cèl·lules perden les característiques que les defineixen com a epitelials i adquireixen marcadors mesenquimals, augmentant així la seva capacitat invasiva. Tot i això, recentment s’ha descrit que els factors ZEB tenen funcions més enllà de l’EMT, com ara la resistència a la quimioterapia, que promouen la progressió tumoral. En el cas del càncer colorectal (CCR), s’ha descrit que ZEB1 és activat per la via de senyalització de Wnt, activa en un 80% dels casos. En conseqüència, ZEB1 s’expressa en les cèl·lules invasives del front tumoral. Tenint en compte aquests antecedents, l’objectiu general de la Tesi ha estat el de caracteritzar nous mecanismes a través dels quals ZEB1 regula la transformació oncogènica i la progressió tumoral en CCR, més enllà de la inducció de l’EMT. Els objectius específics han estat: 1) descriure el paper de ZEB1 en la regulació de les etapes inicials d’invasivitat, com la remodelació de la matriu extracel·lular; 2) identificar nous gens diana de ZEB1 al front tumoral de CCR, així com caracteritzar la rellevància d’aquestes dianes in vivo; i 3) identificar processos comuns a tots els tipus de càncer que puguin estar regulades per ZEB1 en la progressió del CCR. Els resultats es presenten com a compendi de publicacions. En el primer dels articles (Clin Cancer Res, 2013. 19(5):1071-82), es descriu el paper de ZEB1 en la regulació oposada dels membres del sistema activador del plasminogen (uPA i PAI-1). Aquesta regulació promou la migració de les cèl·lules a través de la matriu extracel·lular. En el segon dels articles (Gut, 2016. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310838), s’ha identificat un nou mecanisme a través del qual ZEB1 està inhibint l’entrada de les cèl·lules tumorals a l’estat de senescència, un conegut mecanisme supressor tumoral. ZEB1 activa l’inhibidor de la via Wnt DKK1, desencadenant l’activació d’una ruta de senyalització que implica a p53 mutat, MDM2 i CtBP. Aquest darrer coopera amb ZEB1 en la repressió de la histona macroH2A1, clau en la inducció de la senescència.
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Poidatz, Juliette. "De la biologie des reproducteurs au comportement d’approvisionnement du nid, vers des pistes de biocontrôle du frelon asiatique Vespa velutina en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0778/document.
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Cette thèse CIFRE porte sur la biologie, le comportement et le biocontrôle du frelonasiatique Vespa velutina, un prédateur invasif d’abeilles. Depuis son introduction en France, ce frelonétend maintenant son aire de répartition en Europe, impactant à la fois l’environnement etl’apiculture. L’objectif de ces travaux sera d’enrichir le savoir sur cette espèce pour perturber ledéveloppement des colonies de V. velutina à différents niveaux afin d’en limiter la prolifération. Lepremier axe porte sur la biologie des reproducteurs de V. velutina, afin d’empêcher la fondation decolonies en amont. Ce travail précise les données concernant la maturation sexuelle des mâles de V.velutina, compare certains traits liés à la fertilité des fondatrices avec celles du frelon européen, etmet en évidence une plus grande précocité et fertilité de V. velutina. Le deuxième axe porte sur labiologie des colonies, de la collecte à la distribution des ressources dans le nid. A l’aide de pucesélectroniques marquant des ouvrières (technique RFID), nous avons mesuré le rayon d’action et seslimites chez les ouvrières V. velutina. En marquant de la nourriture avec des métaux lourds, nousavons pu suivre l’évolution de sa distribution dans les colonies suivant leur structure. Le troisièmeaxe porte sur le biocontrôle de V. velutina avec des champignons entomopathogènes. Nous avonsévalué l’efficacité de différents isolats et de leur mode d’application contre V. velutina, puis décrit unchampignon naturellement parasitant V. velutina. Ces travaux ont permis de faire avancer lesconnaissances sur la biologie et la physiologie des frelons, mais également de proposer des pistes decontrôle durable de l’invasion européenne de V. velutinaThis CIFRE thesis deals with the biology, the behavior and the biological control of aninvasive predator of bees, the hornet Vespa velutina. Since its introduction in France, this hornet isnow invading most countries in occidental Europe, dealing damages both to the environment and thebeekeeping activity. In order to limit its proliferation, a good strategy could consist in disrupting itscolony development at different levels, explored in this work. The first axis deals with V. velutinareproductive biology, exploring the different paths to prevent colonies creation. First we describedthe sexual maturation of males in V. velutina, and second we compared different traits linked tofertility between foundresses of V. velutina and the European hornet, thus highlighting V. velutinahigher precocity and fertility potential. The second axis explored the biology of colonies, fromresource collection to resource distribution in the nest. Using RFID technic, we assessed the actionrange and its boundaries in V. velutina workers. We also labelled food and observed its distribution inV. velutina colonies in function of the colony size and structure. The third axis deals with V. velutinabiocontrol, using entomopathogenic fungi. We evaluated the efficiency of different isolates anddifferent application methods on V. velutina, and described a wild fungus found naturally parasitizingV. velutina. This work brought knowledge on biology behavior and physiology of this invasive hornet,and also proposed options that could be assayed for a durable control of V. velutina
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Cosette, Jérémie. "Design and optimization of small animal non-invasive imaging approaches for evaluating the effects of innovative treatments of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T069/document.
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Pas de résumé en françaisPrimary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are very aggressive malignancies with poor survival rate even with treatments (survival median is 44 months). This disease affects immune cells (lymphocytes) and forms diffuse and non-surgically removable tumor in the central nervous system. High-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the common treatments with severe side effects. New therapeutic approaches are required for increasing treatment efficiency. We focused on primary intraocular lymphomas (PIOL) and primary cerebral lymphomas (PCL), which are subtypes of PCNSL. PIOL and PCL cells have a high propensity to migrate and form metastases in the brain and in the controlateral eye in the case of PIOL, and in the eye in the PCL case. However, metastatic dissemation mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of innovative treatments of B-cell lymphoma on primary tumor, on metastases, and on circulating tumor cells in PIOL and PCL immunocompetent syngeneic murine models of lymphomas using non-invasive in vivo imaging methods. We studied the effects of Ublituximab, a glycoengineered anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and CpG-ODN, a TLR-9 agonist, in mouse models. We showed that Ublituximab exhibits significant anti-tumor effect in PIOL and PCL, while CpG showed significant anti-tumor effect in PCL. We monitored the tumor burden and metastases using innovating non-invasive optical imaging or cell detection methods: bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and in vivo flow cytometer (IVFC). BLI was used to locate metastasis and to quantify tumor burden. We indeed developed a bioluminescence-based tumor burden quantification method that reduces user-dependence, allows comparisons between experiments, reveals statistical relevance, and which is easy to use. An IVFC device was set up to investigate the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in PIOL and PCL. This fluorescence-based technique allows detection of CTCs by analyzing the cells flowing in blood vessels. However we had to overcome the problem of autofluorescence and tissue absorption. Two approaches were studied in parallel: a elaborating new cell line expressing far red fluorescent proteins, modulating the excitation light of an IVFC device to give the cell a unique signature therefore enhancing sensitivity, increasing signal to noise ratio. The modulated excitation IVFC allowed us to calculate the velocity of cells, and infer their position in blood vessel phantoms. The analysis of treatment effects on tumor burden, metastases and CTCs in PIOL and PCL could help understanding lymphoma metastatic dissemination and contribute to treatment follow-up, thus allowing design of new therapeutic approaches with increased efficacy
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Pérez, Fusté Noel. "Mecanismes de regulació de l'adhesió i la invasió cel·lulars pel complex ciclina D1-Cdk4 citoplasmàtic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399572.
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El rol més conegut de ciclina D1 és com a regulador del cicle cel·lular i la proliferació, però diversos estudis suggereixen que ciclina D1 també interacciona amb proteïnes citoplasmàtiques involucrades en la regulació de la migració i la invasió cel·lulars. En aquest treball es mostra que la paxilina, una proteïna dels focus d'adhesió implicada en la regulació de l’adhesió i la migració, és un substrat citoplasmàtic del complex ciclina D1-Cdk4. Aquest complex fosforila una fracció de paxilina que es troba associada a la membrana cel·lular i promou l'activació de la GTPasa Rac1, induint la migració i la invasió cel·lulars. A més, per avaluar la funció citoplasmàtica de ciclina D1 de manera independent de la funció nuclear, hem construït un mutant de ciclina D1 que s’uneix a la membrana cel·lular i segresta ciclina D1 en el citoplasma, fent que les cèl·lules tumorals que expressen aquest mutant tinguin major potencial invasiu i metastàtic.El rol más conocido de ciclina D1 es como regulador del ciclo celular y la proliferación, pero varios estudios sugieren que ciclina D1 también interacciona con proteínas citoplasmáticas involucradas en la regulación de la migración y la invasión celulares. En este trabajo se muestra que la paxilina, una proteína de los focos de adhesión implicada en la regulación de la adhesión y la migración, es un sustrato citoplasmático del complejo ciclina D1-Cdk4. Este complejo fosforila una fracción de paxilina que se encuentra asociada a la membrana celular y promueve la activación de la GTPasa Rac1, induciendo la migración y la invasión celulares. Además, para evaluar la función citoplasmática de ciclina D1 de manera independiente de la función nuclear, hemos construido un mutante de ciclina D1 que se une a la membrana celular y secuestra ciclina D1 en el citoplasma, haciendo que las células tumorales que expresan este mutante tengan mayor potencial invasivo y metastásico.
The best known role of cyclin D1 is as a regulator of cell cycle and proliferation, but several studies suggest that cyclin D1 also interacts with cytoplasmic proteins involved in the regulation of cell migration and invasion. This work shows that paxillin, a protein of the focal adhesions involved in the regulation of adhesion and migration, is a cytoplasmic substrate of cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex. This complex phosphorylates a fraction of paxillin that is associated to the cell membrane and promotes the activation of Rac1 GTPase, inducing cell migration and invasion. In addition, to evaluate the cytoplasmic function of cyclin D1 independently of the nuclear function, we constructed a mutant of cyclin D1 which binds to the cell membrane and sequesters cyclin D1 in the cytoplasm, making the tumor cells that express this mutant more invasive and metastatic.
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Soley, Nathan. "Reproductive Biology of the invasive plant Elaeagnus umbellata: breeding system, pollinators, and implications for invasive spread." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1164.
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Reproductive studies in invasive plants are necessary for an understanding of their potential to establish and spread in foreign environments. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (autumn olive) is an invasive woody shrub that flowers early in the spring and is often noted for its abundant fruit set. This study examined the reproductive biology of E. umbellata in Illinois, where it is highly invasive. Hand-pollination experiments were performed to determine the breeding system of E. umbellata, and floral visitors were collected to determine its pollinators. Experiments showed that E. umbellata is a predominantly outcrossing species with a self-incompatible breeding system. However, individual variation was detected in several reproductive characteristics. Pollen tube analyses revealed that a small percentage of individuals allow successful self-pollen tube growth, and self-fruit set resulting from automatic self-pollination (autogamy) was relatively high in a few plants. Automatic self-pollination is possible because the male and female parts of flowers mature sychronously, but the likelihood of autogamy may vary among individuals due to variability in the spatial separation of male and female parts (herkogamy). Variability in the incompatibility system and the level of herkogamy may impact the outcrossing rates and reproductive success of individuals. The majority of floral visitors to E. umbellata were generalist pollinators. Frequently visiting bees included small and large species such as native Andrena spp., Augochlorella aurata, Bombus spp., Ceratina calcarata, Xylocopa virginica, and the introduced Apis mellifera. Bombylius major (large bee fly) and the moth Mythimna unipuncta (armyworm) were also frequent visitors. Most of the above insect taxa are pollinators of E. umbellata based on analysis of pollen on insect bodies. E. umbellata is likely to achieve its abundant fruit set where these common pollinators and other E. umbellata are present. However, in my study sites, many individuals experienced low fruit set on branches that were open to pollinator visitation, suggesting pollen limitation may be common in some years and at certain sites. The discovery of autogamous individuals demonstrates that some E. umbellata individuals may be able to establish and spread even when mates or pollinators are limiting.
Books on the topic "Invasie (biologie)"
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J, Gray A., Crawley Michael J, Edwards Peter J, and Linnean Society of London, eds. Colonization, succession, and stability: The 26th Symposium of the British Ecological Society held jointly with the Linnean Society of London. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.
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M, Randall John, Marinelli Janet, and Brooklyn Botanic Garden, eds. Invasive plants: Weeds of the global garden. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1996.
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Latta, Sara L. Keep out!: Invasive species. North Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2014.
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Downs, Colleen T., and Lorinda A. Hart, eds. Invasive birds: global trends and impacts. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0000.
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Abstract This 381-paged book covers the biology, ecology, impact and management of 34 common alien invasive species, with reviews on the history and context of avian introductions and invasions in five major regions (Oceania, Africa, Europe (including the Middle East, Asia and South America)), as well as management challenges and the potential of citizen science for monitoring alien birds. The book pitches at the introductory level and is ideal for readers to gain a quick and comprehensive view of the current status of global avian invasions. It has brought the records and research of avian invasion one step ahead of other alien invasive animal taxa. Many chapters contain distribution maps and data tables on the diet and morphology of the species, providing a good reference for the species and its management issues. Each chapter also contains a rich list of references that could help readers dive further into the topic.
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Wendy, Meshbesher, ed. What is the threat of invasive species? Chicago, Ill: Raintree, 2012.
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Heino, Jyrki, and Veli-Matti Ka ha ri. Cell invasion. Georgetown, Tex: Landes Bioscience, 2002.
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Blanco, Joaquín J., and Adrian T. Fernandes. Invasive species: Threats, ecological impact and control methods. New Tork: Nova Science, 2012.
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Kendig, Amy E., S. Luke Flory, Erica M. Goss, Robert D. Holt, Keith Clay, Philip F. Harmon, Brett R. Lane, Ashish Adhikari, and Christopher M. Wojan. "The role of pathogens in plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 208–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0208.
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Abstract Plant-pathogen interactions occur throughout the process of plant invasion: pathogens can acutely influence plant survival and reproduction, while the large densities and spatial distributions of invasive plant species can influence pathogen communities. However, interactions between invasive plants and pathogens are often overlooked during the early stages of invasion. As with introductions of invasive plants, the introduction of agricultural crops to new areas can also generate novel host-pathogen interactions. The close monitoring of agricultural plants and resulting insights can inform hypotheses for invasive plants where research on pathogen interactions is lacking. This chapter reviews the known and hypothesized effects of pathogens on the invasion process and the effects of plant invasion on pathogens and infectious disease dynamics throughout the process of invasion. Initially, pathogens may inhibit the transport of potentially invasive plants. After arrival in a new range, pathogens can facilitate or inhibit establishment success of introduced plants depending on their relative impacts on the introduced plants and resident species. As invasive plants spread, they may encounter novel pathogens and alter the abundance and geographic range of pathogens. Pathogens can mediate interactions between invasive plants and resident species and may influence the long-term impacts of invasive plants on ecosystems. As invasive plants shift the composition of pathogen communities, resident species could be subject to higher disease risk. We highlight gaps in invasion biology research by providing examples from the agricultural literature and propose topics that have received little attention from either field.
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Allen, Warwick J. "Indirect biotic interactions of plant invasions with native plants and animals." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 308–23. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0308.
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Abstract Invasive plants often occur at high densities and tend to be highly generalist in their interactions with herbivores, pathogens, mycorrhiza, endophytes and pollinators. These characteristics mean that invasive plants should frequently participate in diverse indirect biotic interactions with the surrounding community, mediated by their direct interaction partners (e.g. antagonists and mutualists). Indirect interactions play an important role in many ecological processes, yet we still lack a systematic understanding of the circumstances under which they influence the success and impacts of invasive species. In this chapter, I first describe several of the indirect interaction pathways that are commonly encountered in invasion biology and review their contribution to the impacts of plant invasions on co-occurring species. The literature review revealed that there are now many case studies describing various indirect impacts of invasive plants. However, identical interaction motifs (e.g. plant-enemy-plant, plant-mutualist-plant) can bring about several possible outcomes, depending upon each species' provenance, relative abundances and interaction strengths, abiotic resource availability, spatial and temporal scale and the influence of other species. Moreover, knowledge gaps identified include a lack of studies of indirect facilitation outside of plant-pollinator systems, limited consideration of indirect invader impacts on other non-native species, and the scarcity of generalizable results to date. Second, I integrate the literature with some trending research areas in invasion biology (interaction networks, biogeography, invasion dynamics) and identify some potential future research directions. Finally, I discuss how knowledge about indirect biotic interactions could be incorporated into the management of invasive plants.
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Yalamanchili, Praveen K., and Scott D. Boden. "Fusion Biologics." In Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 67–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5674-2_8.
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Meyer, Susan E., Mac A. Callaham, Jane E. Stewart, and Steven D. Warren. "Invasive Species Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 85–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_5.
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AbstractMuch of the literature dealing with the biology and management of invasive species has focused on the damaging ecological and economic consequences of invasions (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_2, 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_3, and 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_14 of this volume for review). In this chapter, we shift the focus to the causes of invasion, with the goal of proactively limiting or preventing invasions rather than reacting to them once they have occurred. Preventing the introduction of invasive species is one key element in this proactive approach (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_6, this volume). Here, we specifically focus on ecosystem attributes that affect whether or not an ecosystem is vulnerable to invasion, that is, the features that affect its invasibility (Lonsdale 1999), with particular emphasis on the role of natural and anthropogenic disturbance.
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Wandrag, Elizabeth M., and Jane A. Catford. "Competition between native and non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 281–307. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0281.
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Abstract The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.
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Mashhadi, Hamid R., and Steven R. Radosevich. "Invasive Plants." In Weed Biology and Management, 1–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0552-3_1.
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Tokuda, Makoto, and Nami Uechi. "Invasive Species." In Biology of Gall Midges, 255–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6534-6_12.
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Gladieux, Pierre, Alice Feurtey, Michael E. Hood, Alodie Snirc, Joanne Clavel, Cyril Dutech, Mélanie Roy, and Tatiana Giraud. "THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF FUNGAL INVASIONS." In Invasion Genetics, 81–100. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119072799.ch5.
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Evans, Theodore A. "Invasive Termites." In Biology of Termites: a Modern Synthesis, 519–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3977-4_19.
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Whelan, Richard L. "Cancer Biology Relating to Minimal Access Management." In Minimally Invasive Cancer Management, 8–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3444-7_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Invasie (biologie)"
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Rolfe, P., Yan Zhang, Jinwei Sun, F. Scopesi, G. Serra, K. Yamakoshi, S. Tanaka, T. Yamakoshi, Y. Yamakoshi, and M. Ogawa. "Invasive and non-invasive measurement in medicine and biology: calibration issues." In Sixth International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.885397.
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Perez-Reche, F., S. N. Taraskin, F. M. Neri, C. A. Gilligan, L. da F. Costa, M. P. Viana, W. Otten, and D. Grinev. "Biologica invasion in soil: Complex network analysis." In 2009 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2009.5201098.
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Lach, Lori. "Invasion biology and ant-plant systems in Australia." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91856.
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Klimovich, I. D., and L. A. Chudyakova. "CENOTIC FEATURES OF POPULATIONS OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES HERACULUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN. ON THE TERRITORY OF DZERZHINSK DISTRICT." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-151-155.
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The increase in the rate of introduction of invasive species into the structure of the native flora of Belarus raises concerns about this issue. However, understanding the basic biology issues of alien species is not enough to combat them. The authors of the study believe that considering the population characteristics of invasive species is the key to combating them. Favorable conditions for acclimatization of the Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. species are shown for Dzerzhinsk district, which contributes to an increase in the growth rate of its populations. It has been established that some types of borscht control lead to a decrease in the dynamics of its number in the conditions of Dzerzhinsk flora.
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Pantel, Klaus. "Abstract IA18: Circulating tumor cells: Biology and relevance for cancer therapy." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis - January 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.tim2013-ia18.
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Hill, Jane. "Invasion biology and climate change: Comparing retracting and expanding species." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.90055.
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Gunn, Nicholas M., Mark Bachman, Edward L. Nelson, and G. P. Li. "Micropallet Technology for Investigating Tumor Cellular Profiles and Analysis of Rare Cell Subsets." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38058.
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Rationally designed, individualized therapeutic strategies have long been a desired objective for breast cancer patients and clinicians as an estimated 178,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among women in the United States this year and over 40,000 women are expected to die from the disease. [1] The increasing appreciation of breast tumor cellular heterogeneity raises fundamental questions as to the relative contributions of cellular subsets to the biologic behavior of an individual patient’s tumor. [2] As such, it has become increasingly clear that in many cases, an individualized strategy for the treatment of breast cancer would be of great benefit, and that the ability to isolate relevant cellular subsets from the main tumor population is one of the critical limits to accomplishing this goal.
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Escourrou, P. "Non-invasive physiological measurements." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.95111.
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Catros, S. "A quoi servent les Bio-Imprimantes 3D ?" In 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206601012.
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Les imprimantes 3D existent depuis plusieurs décennies et le principe général de la fabrication additive est de déposer des couches successives de matériau afin dobtenir un volume, à partir d’un modèle défini à l’avance grâce à une interface informatique. Depuis quelques années, ces imprimantes sont utilisées dans le domaine médical : ainsi, les chirurgiens peuvent obtenir une réplique en résine d’une situation clinique afin de planifier leur geste chirurgical pour réaliser des interventions moins invasives. Par ailleurs, on peut aujourdhui imprimer certains biomatériaux synthétiques sur mesure afin dobtenir des greffons personnalisés basés sur limagerie tridimensionnelle d’un patient. Ces applications utilisent sur des imprimantes fonctionnant principalement sur le principe de la stéréolithographie (photopolymérisation sélective de résines photosensibles) ou bien du dépôt à chaud de fil fondu : ces technologies ne permettent pas dutiliser des composés biologiques tels que des cellules ou des biomolécules. Plus récemment, des imprimantes 3D dédiées à l’impression déléments biologiques (Bio-Impression) ont été développées. On distingue la Bioimpression assistée par laser, la bioimpression par jet dencre et lextrusion dhydrogels. Ces trois méthodes présentent des points communs (utilisation d’une encre biologique, modélisation du motif à imprimer et pilotage de limprimante par une interface informatique, impression couche par couche). Cependant, en fonction de la technologie utilisée, la résolution et le volume des motifs imprimés peuvent varier de façon importante. Les machines permettant d’imprimer à haute résolution ne sont habituellement pas adaptées lorsquon cherche à obtenir des volumes importants ; de la même façon, lorsqu’une technologie permet d’imprimer des volumes importants, il est souvent difficile dobtenir de hautes résolutions dimpressions. De ce fait, on doit parfois combiner plusieurs technologies pour produire certains assemblages complexes. Ainsi, il est primordial de définir finement ses objectifs avant de choisir une technologie de bioimpression. Les applications des imprimantes 3D de tissus biologiques (Bio-imprimantes) sont toutes dans le champ de lingénierie tissulaire et aujourdhui presque exclusivement dans le domaine de la recherche. Les méthodes permettant d’imprimer à haute résolution trouvent des applications principalement en biologie cellulaire lorsquon cherche par exemple àé valuer les capacités de communication de plusieurs types cellulaires : en effet, il est possible de créer des motifs réguliers en imprimant des gouttes de bioencre contenant chacune quelques cellules avec la technologie laser. Par ailleurs, d’autres technologies basées sur lextrusion permettent de manipuler des amas cellulaires (sphéroïdes) et de les organiser entre eux, ce qui peut trouver des applications dans le domaine de la cancérologie. En combinant les technologies, on peut aujourdhui mettre en place des modèles d’étude pharmacologiques qui pourraient à terme se substituer à certaines expérimentations animales et ouvrir la voie à certaines thérapies ciblées. Enfin, la fabrication dorganes par bioimpression (« Organ Printing ») reste aujourdhui du domaine de la science fiction, même si quelques équipes travaillent sur cet aspect. Les imprimantes 3D biologiques apportent donc de nouveaux outils pour le chercheur dans de nombreuses applications en biologie et en médecine régénératrice. Le choix de la méthode la plus adaptée à L’objectif de L’étude est primordial afin dutiliser au mieux ces technologies.
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Bruford, Mike. "Prospects for genomic monitoring using minimally invasive sampling." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107706.
Full textReports on the topic "Invasie (biologie)"
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Ray, Gary L. Invasive Animal Species in Marine and Estuarine Environments: Biology and Ecology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430308.
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Denight, Michael L., Patrick J. Guertin, Dick L. Gebhart, and Linda Nelson. Invasive Species Biology, Control, and Research. Part 2. Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada492988.
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McArthur, E. Durant, Evan M. Romney, Stanley D. Smith, and Paul T. Tueller. Proceedings - Symposium on cheatgrass invasion, shrub die-off, and other aspects of shrub biology and management. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-276.
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Horwitz, Benjamin A., and Barbara Gillian Turgeon. Fungal Iron Acquisition, Oxidative Stress and Virulence in the Cochliobolus-maize Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7709885.bard.
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Our project focused on genes for high affinity iron acquisition in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, a necrotrophic pathogen of maize, and their intertwined relationship to oxidative stress status and virulence of the fungus on the host. An intriguing question was why mutants lacking the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene (NPS6) responsible for synthesis of the extracellular siderophore, coprogen, are sensitive to oxidative stress. Our overall objective was to understand the mechanistic connection between iron stress and oxidative stress as related to virulence of a plant pathogen to its host. The first objective was to examine the interface where small molecule peptide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms overlap. The second objective was to determine if the molecular explanation for common function is common signal transduction pathways. These pathways, built around sensor kinases, response regulators, and transcription factors may link sequestering of iron, production of antioxidants, resistance to oxidative stress, and virulence. We tested these hypotheses by genetic manipulation of the pathogen, virulence assays on the host plant, and by following the expression of key fungal genes. An addition to the original program, made in the first year, was to develop, for fungi, a genetically encoded indicator of redox state based on the commercially available Gfp-based probe pHyper, designed for animal cell biology. We implemented several tools including a genetically encoded indicator of redox state, a procedure to grow iron-depleted plants, and constructed a number of new mutants in regulatory genes. Lack of the major Fe acquisition pathways results in an almost completely avirulent phenotype, showing how critical Fe acquisition is for the pathogen to cause disease. Mutants in conserved signaling pathways have normal ability to regulate NPS6 in response to Fe levels, as do mutants in Lae1 and Vel1, two master regulators of gene expression. Vel1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and the reason may be underexpression of a catalase gene. In nps6 mutants, CAT3 is also underexpressed, perhaps explaining the sensitivity to oxidative stress. We constructed a deletion mutant for the Fe sensor-regulator SreA and found that it is required for down regulation of NPS6 under Fe-replete conditions. Lack of SreA, though, did not make the fungus over-sensitive to ROS, though the mutant had a slow growth rate. This suggests that overproduction of siderophore under Fe-replete conditions is not very damaging. On the other hand, increasing Fe levels protected nps6 mutants from inhibition by ROS, implying that Fe-catalyzed Fenton reactions are not the main factor in its sensitivity to ROS. We have made some progress in understanding why siderophore mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and in doing so, defined some novel regulatory relationships. Catalase genes, which are not directly related to siderophore biosynthesis, are underexpressed in nps6 mutants, suggesting that the siderophore product (with or without bound Fe) may act as a signal. Siderophores, therefore, could be a target for intervention in the field, either by supplying an incorrect signal or blocking a signal normally provided during infection. We already know that nps6 mutants cause smaller lesions and have difficulty establishing invasive growth in the host. Lae1 and Vel1 are the first factors shown to regulate both super virulence conferred by T-toxin, and basic pathogenicity, due to unknown factors. The mutants are also altered in oxidative stress responses, key to success in the infection court, asexual and sexual development, essential for fungal dissemination in the field, aerial hyphal growth, and pigment biosynthesis, essential for survival in the field. Mutants in genes encoding NADPH oxidase (Nox) are compromised in development and virulence. Indeed the triple mutant, which should lack all Nox activity, was nearly avirulent. Again, gene expression experiments provided us with initial evidence that superoxide produced by the fungus may be most important as a signal. Blocking oxidant production by the pathogen may be a way to protect the plant host, in interactions with necrotrophs such as C. heterostrophus which seem to thrive in an oxidant environment.