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1
Pathak, Hom N. "Biotic Resistance and Fluctuating Resources: Key Factors for Invasion Success?" Multi-Disciplinary Explorations: The Kasthamandap College Journal 2, no. 2 (2024): 73–82. https://doi.org/10.3126/mdekcj.v2i2.74178.
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To explain the process of biological invasion, several hypotheses have been put forward e.g. enemy release hypothesis, invasional meltdown hypothesis, novel weapon hypothesis, fluctuation resources hypothesis, biotic resistant hypothesis, etc. I collected the abstracts from search engines on the internet. I searched for biotic resistance and fluctuation resources hypotheses, collected 25 research papers, and reviewed them. Out of nine studies written for the biotic resistance hypothesis, five were in support and the other five were against the hypothesis. However, there seems only evidence against the fluctuation resources hypothesis. For it, I found four articles in support of this hypothesis. Any hypothesis alone cannot explain the causes behind the invasion's success. Therefore, I have an opinion to establish a combined theory for it.
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Dubrovin, Denis I., Denis V. Veselkin, and Andrei P. Gusev. "Plant Species Richness and Invasional Meltdown in Different Parts of Acer negundo L. Secondary Range." Forests 14, no. 11 (2023): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14112118.
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To understand the alien plant invasion patterns, it is important to know if their consequences are equal in different regions, particularly in different parts of the secondary range. In this article, we estimated plant species richness in communities invaded by the North American tree Acer negundo L. in two remote regions: the Belarusian Polesia and the Middle Urals. We tested three hypotheses about: (1) decreased plant species richness in communities invaded by A. negundo; (2) presence of alien species in invaded communities—invasional meltdown hypothesis; and (3) different alien plant species richness in communities of different regions. In each region, 24 sample plots of 400 m2 were described: 12 invaded and 12 non-invaded by A. negundo. The species richness of invaded plots decreased: total richness decreased by 21%–43%; the richness of herbaceous plants decreased by 24%–43%; and woody richness decreased by 8%–44%. The proportion of alien herbs in plots invaded by A. negundo increased by 35%. This is the first, although not exhaustive, confirmation of the invasional meltdown hypothesis for communities invaded by A. negundo. Alien herbs increasingly invaded communities of the Belarusian Polesia, alien trees—communities of the Middle Urals. Thus, regional geographical and floristic conditions should be considered when assessing the invasion consequences.
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Jeschke, Jonathan, Aparicio Lorena Gómez, Sylvia Haider, et al. "Support for major hypotheses in invasion biology is uneven and declining." NeoBiota 14 (August 22, 2012): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.14.3435.
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Several major hypotheses have been proposed to explain and predict biological invasions, but the general applicability of these hypotheses is largely unknown, as most of them have not been evaluated using a standard approach across taxonomic groups and habitats. We offer such an evaluation for six selected leading hypotheses. Our global literature review reveals that those hypotheses that consider interactions of exotic invaders with their new environment (invasional meltdown, novel weapons, enemy release) are better supported by empirical evidence than other hypotheses (biotic resistance, island susceptibility, tens rule). We also show that empirical support for the six hypotheses has declined over time, and that support differs among taxonomic groups and habitats. Our results have implications for basic and applied research, policy making, and invasive species management, as their effectiveness depends on sound hypotheses.
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Ricciardi, Anthony. "Facilitative interactions among aquatic invaders: is an "invasional meltdown" occurring in the Great Lakes?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 12 (2001): 2513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-178.
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A widely cited hypothesis in ecology is that species-rich communities are less vulnerable to invasion than species-poor ones, owing to competition for limiting resources (the "biotic resistance" model). However, evidence for biotic resistance in aquatic ecosystems is equivocal. Contrary to the view that communities become more resistant to invasion as they accumulate species, the rate of invasion has increased over the past century in areas that have received frequent shipping traffic. Furthermore, introduced species may facilitate, rather than compete with, one another. A review of invasions in the Great Lakes indicates that direct positive (mutualistic and commensal) interactions among introduced species are more common than purely negative (competitive and amensal) interactions. In addition, many exploitative (e.g., predatorprey) interactions appear to be strongly asymmetric in benefiting one invading species at a negligible cost to another. These observations, combined with an increasing invasion rate in the Great Lakes, tentatively support the Simberloff Von Holle "invasional meltdown" model. The model posits that ecosystems become more easily invaded as the cumulative number of species introductions increases, and that facilitative interactions can exacerbate the impact of invaders. It provides a theoretical argument for substantially reducing the rate of species introductions to the Great Lakes.
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Richardson, David M., and Petr Pyšek. "Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 3 (2006): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp490pr.
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This paper considers key issues in plant invasion ecology, where findings published since 1990 have significantly improved our understanding of many aspects of invasions. The review focuses on vascular plants invading natural and semi-natural ecosystems, and on fundamental ecological issues relating to species invasiveness and community invasibility. Three big questions addressed by the SCOPE programme in the 1980s (which species invade; which habitats are invaded; and how can we manage invasions?) still underpin most work in invasion ecology. Some organizing and unifying themes in the field are organism-focused and relate to species invasiveness (the tens rule; the concept of residence time; taxonomic patterns and Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis; issues of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolutionary change, including evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis; the role of long-distance dispersal). Others are ecosystem-centred and deal with determinants of the invasibility of communities, habitats and regions (levels of invasion, invasibility and propagule pressure; the biotic resistance hypothesis and the links between diversity and invasibility; synergisms, mutualisms, and invasional meltdown). Some theories have taken an overarching approach to plant invasions by integrating the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility (a theory of seed plant invasiveness; fluctuating resources theory of invasibility). Concepts, hypotheses and theories reviewed here can be linked to the naturalization-invasion continuum concept, which relates invasion processes with a sequence of environmental and biotic barriers that an introduced species must negotiate to become casual, naturalized and invasive. New research tools and improved research links between invasion ecology and succession ecology, community ecology, conservation biology and weed science, respectively, have strengthened the conceptual pillars of invasion ecology.
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DeVanna, Kristen M., Betsy L. Bodamer, Colleen G. Wellington, Erin Hammer, Christine M. Mayer, and Jonathan M. Bossenbroek. "An alternative hypothesis to invasional meltdown in the Laurentian Great Lakes region: General facilitation by Dreissena." Journal of Great Lakes Research 37, no. 4 (2011): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2011.07.005.
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Yessoufou, Kowiyou, Bezeng S. Bezeng, Orou G. Gaoue, Thato Bengu, and Michelle van der Bank. "Phylogenetically diverse native systems are more resistant to invasive plant species on Robben Island, South Africa." Genome 62, no. 3 (2019): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0039.
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Alien invasive species are problematic both economically and ecologically, particularly on islands. As such, understanding how they interact with their environment is necessary to inform invasive species management. Here, we ask the following questions: What are the main functional traits that correlate with invasion success of alien plants on Robben Island? How does phylogenetic structure shape biotic interactions on the island? Using multiple approaches to explore these questions, we found that alien invasive species flower later during the year and for longer period, although flowering phenology was sensitive to alternative starting date. Additionally, we observed that alien invasive species are mostly abiotically pollinated and are generally hermaphroditic whilst their native counterparts rely on biotic pollinators, flower earlier, and are generally dioecious, suggesting that alien invasive and native species use different ecological niches. Furthermore, we found a facilitative interaction between an alien invasive legume and other invasive plants as predicted by the invasional meltdown hypothesis, but this does not influence the phylogenetic structure of plant communities. Finally, phylogenetically diverse set of native species are less receptive to alien invasive species. Collectively, our findings reveal how biotic interactions and phylogenetic relatedness structure alien invasive – native co-existence.
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Meza-Lopez, Maria M., and Evan Siemann. "Experimental test of the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis: an exotic herbivore facilitates an exotic plant, but the plant does not reciprocally facilitate the herbivore." Freshwater Biology 60, no. 7 (2015): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12582.
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Bury, Sebastian, and Marcin K. Dyderski. "Invasive Prunus serotina vs. Robinia pseudoacacia: How does temperate forest natural regeneration respond to their quantity?" NeoBiota 97 (February 12, 2025): 179–213. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.97.135421.
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Invasive trees negatively impact forests, by making the vegetation more homogeneous when invaders are present than when they are absent. Here, we aim to more deeply understand the effects of invasive trees on forests with a focus on seedlings and saplings and how they respond to continuous variation in aboveground biomass of invaders rather than presence/absence. Our findings are useful for close-to-nature silviculture, as they elucidate how much natural regeneration will change under particular biomasses of invasive species. Specifically, we evaluate the relationships of two invasive tree species: black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. and black locust Robinia pseudoacacia L. with natural tree regeneration in temperate forests. We established 160 circular 0.05 ha plots in western Poland managed forests, in two different habitat types: nutrient-poor with Pinus sylvestris L. and nutrient-rich with Quercus spp. We assessed natural regeneration by counting all trees < 1.3 m in height, within four circular subplots (r = 3 m). Relationships between invader biomass and regeneration of other tree species were idiosyncratic. Natural regeneration of dominant forest-forming tree species (P. sylvestris, Quercus petraea) decreased with increasing invader biomass, while shade-tolerant, nitrophilous tree and shrub regeneration increased with invader biomass. The most negatively correlated were P. sylvestris in nutrient-poor habitats and Q. petraea in both nutrient-poor and rich habitats. We observed increased density of other non-native species as R. pseudoacacia abundance increased, in line with the invasional meltdown hypothesis.
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Tkachenko, M. Yu, I. Dudliv, Y. Kvach, I. Dykyi, K. Nazaruk, and M. Ondračková. "First data on parasites of the invasive brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) in Ukraine." Helminthologia 60, no. 4 (2023): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0035.
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Summary This study describes the parasite community of non-native brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus (Actinopterygii: Ictaluridae), collected at three sites in the river Vistula Basin (Lake Svitiaz, Lake Pisochne, and Lake on Plastova) and one site in the river Diester Basin (Lake Stryiska), in Ukraine. Our data represent the first comprehensive study of parasite community in this fish species in Europe. Sixteen parasite taxa were found, including species co-introduced from North America and species acquired in the European range. Maximum parasite richness (13 spp.) was recorded in Lake Svitiaz situated in a Natural Protected Area, while lowest species richness (3 spp.) was observed at Lake on Plastova, an artificial pond in the city of Lviv. Three co-introduced monogenean species, Gyrodactylus nebulosus, Ligictaluridus pricei and Ligictaluridus monticellii, are recorded in Ukraine for the first time, widening the knowledge of the European distribution of these North American parasites. Metric features for hard parts of invasive and native monogeneans showed overlap in ligictalurid parasites, but slightly smaller metrics in Ukrainian G. nebulosus, possibly reflecting water temperature during fish sampling. Though prevalence and abundance of acquired parasites was relatively low, infection parameters for metacercariae of Diplostomum spp. were relatively high at Lake Svitiaz and the natural Lake Stryiska in Lviv. In two lakes in the Vistula basin, we found high prevalence and abundance of Anguillicola crassus, an Asian nematode infecting eels, possibly supporting the invasional meltdown hypothesis. Our study confirms both further spread of non-native parasites in Europe and use of non-native fish as competent hosts for local native and introduced parasites.
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Bury, Sebastian, and Marcin K. Dyderski. "Invasive Prunus serotina vs. Robinia pseudoacacia: How does temperate forest natural regeneration respond to their quantity?" NeoBiota 97 (February 12, 2025): 179–213. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.97.135421.
Full textAbstract:
Invasive trees negatively impact forests, by making the vegetation more homogeneous when invaders are present than when they are absent. Here, we aim to more deeply understand the effects of invasive trees on forests with a focus on seedlings and saplings and how they respond to continuous variation in aboveground biomass of invaders rather than presence/absence. Our findings are useful for close-to-nature silviculture, as they elucidate how much natural regeneration will change under particular biomasses of invasive species. Specifically, we evaluate the relationships of two invasive tree species: black cherry <i>Prunus serotina</i> Ehrh. and black locust <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L. with natural tree regeneration in temperate forests. We established 160 circular 0.05 ha plots in western Poland managed forests, in two different habitat types: nutrient-poor with <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. and nutrient-rich with <i>Quercus</i> spp. We assessed natural regeneration by counting all trees < 1.3 m in height, within four circular subplots (r = 3 m). Relationships between invader biomass and regeneration of other tree species were idiosyncratic. Natural regeneration of dominant forest-forming tree species (<i>P. sylvestris</i>, <i>Quercus petraea</i>) decreased with increasing invader biomass, while shade-tolerant, nitrophilous tree and shrub regeneration increased with invader biomass. The most negatively correlated were <i>P. sylvestris</i> in nutrient-poor habitats and <i>Q. petraea</i> in both nutrient-poor and rich habitats. We observed increased density of other non-native species as <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> abundance increased, in line with the invasional meltdown hypothesis.
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Beshai, Ryan A., Danny A. Truong, Amy K. Henry, and Cascade J. B. Sorte. "Biotic resistance or invasional meltdown? Diversity reduces invasibility but not exotic dominance in southern California epibenthic communities." Biological Invasions, October 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02932-1.
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AbstractHigh community diversity may either prevent or promote the establishment of exotic species. The biotic resistance hypothesis holds that species-rich communities are more resistant to invasion than species-poor communities due to mechanisms including greater interspecific competition. Conversely, the invasional meltdown hypothesis proposes that greater exotic diversity increases invasibility via facilitative interactions between exotic species. To evaluate the degree to which biotic resistance or invasional meltdown influences marine community structure during the assembly period, we studied the development of marine epibenthic “fouling” communities at two southern California harbors. With a focus on sessile epibenthic species, we found that fewer exotic species established as total and exotic richness increased during community assembly and that this effect remained after accounting for space availability. We also found that changes in exotic abundance decreased over time. Throughout the assembly period, gains in exotic abundance were greatest when space was abundant and richness was low. Altogether, we found greater support for biotic resistance than invasional meltdown, suggesting that both native and exotic species contribute to biotic resistance during early development of these communities. However, our results indicate that biotic resistance may not always reduce the eventual dominance of exotic species.
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Sun, Yan, Zhi‐Kun Ren, Heinz Müller‐Schärer, Ragan M. Callaway, Mark van Kleunen, and Wei Huang. "Increasing and fluctuating resource availability enhances invasional meltdown." Ecology, July 17, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4387.
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AbstractExotic plant invaders can promote others via direct or indirect facilitation, known as “invasional meltdown.” Increased soil nutrients can also promote invaders by increasing their competitive impacts, but how this might affect meltdown is unknown. In a mesocosm experiment, we evaluated how eight exotic plant species and eight Eurasian native species responded individually to increasing densities of the invasive plant Conyza canadensis, while varying the supply and fluctuations of nutrients. We found that increasing density of C. canadensis intensified competitive suppression of natives but intensified facilitation of other exotics. Higher and fluctuating nutrients exacerbated the competitive effects on natives and facilitative effects on exotics. Overall, these results show a pronounced advantage of exotics over native target species with increased relative density of C. canadensis under high nutrient availability and fluctuation. We integrate these results with the observation that exotic species commonly drive increases in soil resources to suggest the Resource‐driven Invasional Meltdown and Inhibition of Natives hypothesis in which biotic acceleration of resource availability promotes other exotic species over native species, leading to invasional meltdown.
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Oduor, Ayub M. O., Han Yu, and Yanjie Liu. "Invasive plant species support each other's growth in low‐nutrient conditions but compete when nutrients are abundant." Ecology, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4401.
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AbstractGlobally, numerous ecosystems have been co‐invaded by multiple exotic plant species that can have competitive or facilitative interactions with each other and with native plants. Invaded ecosystems often exhibit spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture and nutrient levels, with some habitats having more nutrient‐rich and moist soils than others. The stress‐gradient hypothesis predicts that plants are likely to engage in facilitative interactions when growing in stressful environments, such as nutrient‐deficient or water‐deficient soils. In contrast, when resources are abundant, competitive interactions between plants should prevail. The invasional meltdown hypothesis proposes that facilitative interactions between invasive species can enhance their establishment and amplify their ecological impact. Considering both hypotheses can offer insights into the complex interactions among invasive and native plants across environmental gradients. However, experimental tests of the effects of soil moisture and nutrient co‐limitation on interactions between invasive and native plants at both interspecific and intraspecific levels in light of these hypotheses are lacking. We performed a greenhouse pot experiment in which we cultivated individual focal plants from five congeneric pairs of invasive and native species. Each focal plant was subjected to one of three levels of plant–plant interactions: (1) intraspecific, in which the focal plant was grown with another individual of the same species; (2) interspecific, involving a native and an invasive plant; and (3) interspecific, involving two native or invasive individuals. These plant–plant interaction treatments were fully crossed with two levels of water availability (drought vs. well‐watered) and two levels of nutrient supply (low vs. high). Consistent with the stress‐gradient and invasional meltdown hypotheses, our findings show that under low‐nutrient conditions, the biomass production of invasive focal plants was facilitated by invasive interspecific neighbors. However, under high‐nutrient conditions, the biomass production of invasive focal plants was suppressed by invasive interspecific neighbors. When competing with native interspecific neighbors, high‐nutrient conditions similarly enhanced the biomass production of both invasive and native focal plants. Invasive and native focal plants were neither competitively suppressed nor facilitated by conspecific neighbors. Taken together, these results suggest that co‐occurring invasive exotic plant species may facilitate each other in low‐nutrient habitats but compete in high‐nutrient habitats.
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Riveiro, Sheila F., Óscar Cruz, and Otilia Reyes. "Are the invasive Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus globulus drivers of other species invasion? Testing their allelochemical effects on germination." New Forests, September 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11056-023-10001-1.
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AbstractMany invasive alien species (IAS) produce secondary metabolites that affect how other plants function (allelopathic compounds) and can drive other species invasion, as proposed by the invasional meltdown hypothesis. Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus globulus are two of such species. In this study, we analyzed the germination response of seven IAS (Acacia dealbata, Acacia mearnsii, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia longifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Paraserianthes lophantha, Phytolacca americana) and a native biotest species (Lactuca sativa) to the application of two different aqueous extracts at two different concentrations of donor species A. melanoxylon and E. globulus. Extract compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Eucalyptus aqueous extracts significantly reduced germination in three species (A. dealbata, E. globulus, P. americana). The germination of all the species tested was reduced with acacia aqueous extracts. Our results support the postulates of the Biochemical Recognition Hypothesis in that seeds gauge establishment potential based on phytochemical release of other plants. Furthermore, A. melanoxylon and E. globulus lowered their own germination, suggesting that these species exhibit intraspecific biochemical recognition. We also found support for the Novel Weapons Hypothesis in the case of L. sativa as a native species. Our research shows that phytochemicals are a component of plant-plant interactions, including the invasion process.