Academic literature on the topic 'Invasive aquatic plant management'

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Journal articles on the topic "Invasive aquatic plant management"

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Netherland, M. D., K. D. Getsinger, and D. R. Stubbs. "Aquatic Plant Management: Invasive Species and Chemical Control." Outlooks on Pest Management 16, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/16jun02.

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Tamayo, Mariana, and Julian D. Olden. "Forecasting the Vulnerability of Lakes to Aquatic Plant Invasions." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 1 (March 2014): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00036.1.

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AbstractPrevention is an integral component of many management strategies for aquatic invasive species, yet this represents a formidable task when the landscapes to be managed include multiple invasive species, thousands of waterbodies, and limited resources to implement action. Species distributional modeling can facilitate prevention efforts by identifying locations that are most vulnerable to future invasion based on the likelihood of introduction and environmental suitability for establishment. We used a classification tree approach to predict the vulnerability of lakes in Washington State (United States) to three noxious invasive plants: Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), Brazilian egeria (Egeria densa), and curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus). Overall, the distribution models predicted that approximately one-fifth (54 out of 319 study lakes) of lakes were at risk of being invaded by at least one aquatic invasive plant, and many of these predicted vulnerable lakes currently support high native plant diversity and endemism. Highly vulnerable lakes are concentrated in western Washington in areas with the highest human population densities, and in eastern Washington along the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project and the Okanogan River Basin that boast hundreds of lakes subject to recreational use. Overall, invasion potential for the three species was highly predictable as a function of lake attributes describing human accessibility (e.g., public boat launch, urban land use) and physical–chemical conditions (e.g., lake area, elevation, productivity, total phosphorous). By identifying highly vulnerable lake ecosystems, our study offers a strategy for prioritizing on-the-ground management action and informing the most efficient allocation of resources to minimize future plant invasions in vast freshwater networks.
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Patel, Maharshi, Shaphan Jernigan, Rob Richardson, Scott Ferguson, and Gregory Buckner. "Autonomous Robotics for Identification and Management of Invasive Aquatic Plant Species." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122410.

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Invasive aquatic plant species can expand rapidly throughout water bodies and cause severely adverse economic and ecological impacts. While mechanical, chemical, and biological methods exist for the identification and treatment of these invasive species, they are manually intensive, inefficient, costly, and can cause collateral ecological damage. To address current deficiencies in aquatic weed management, this paper details the development of a small fleet of fully autonomous boats capable of subsurface hydroacoustic imaging (to scan aquatic vegetation), machine learning (for automated weed identification), and herbicide deployment (for vegetation control). These capabilities aim to minimize manual labor and provide more efficient, safe (reduced chemical exposure to personnel), and timely weed management. Geotagged hydroacoustic imagery of three aquatic plant varieties (Hydrilla, Cabomba, and Coontail) was collected and used to create a software pipeline for subsurface aquatic weed classification and distribution mapping. Employing deep learning, the novel software achieved a classification accuracy of 99.06% after training.
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Edgerton, Elizabeth, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, William E. Grant, and Michael Masser. "Aquatic Plant Invasion and Management in Riverine Reservoirs: Proactive Management via a Priori Simulation of Management Alternatives." Diversity 14, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121113.

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Negative impacts from aquatic invasive plants in the United States include economic costs, loss of commercial and recreational use, and environmental damage. Simulation models are valuable tools for predicting the invasion potentials of species and for the management of existing infestations. We developed a spatially explicit, agent-based model representing the invasion, growth, and senescence of aquatic weeds as functions of day length, water temperature, water depth, and the response of aquatic weeds to biological control. As a case study to evaluate its potential utility, we parameterized the model to represent two historical invasions (1975–1983 and 2004–2007) of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L. fil.) Royle) in Lake Conroe, Texas, USA, and their subsequent biological control using grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Results of several hypothetical alternative management schemes indicated that grass carp stocking densities needed to control Hydrilla infestation increased exponentially as the lag time between initial invasion and initial stocking increased, whereas stocking densities needed to control infestation decreased as the amount of time allowed to control the infestation increased. Predictions such as those produced by our model aid managers in developing proactive management plans for areas most likely to be invaded.
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Mikulyuk, Alison, Ellen Kujawa, Michelle E. Nault, Scott Van Egeren, Kelly I. Wagner, Martha Barton, Jennifer Hauxwell, and M. Jake Vander Zanden. "Is the cure worse than the disease? Comparing the ecological effects of an invasive aquatic plant and the herbicide treatments used to control it." FACETS 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0002.

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Invasive species are known to have negative ecological effects. However, few studies have evaluated the impacts of invasive species relative to the effects of invasive species control, thereby limiting our ability to make informed decisions considering the benefits and drawbacks of a given management approach. To address this gap, we compared the ecological effects of the invasive aquatic plant Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.) with the effects of lake-wide herbicide treatments used for M. spicatum control using aquatic plant data collected from 173 lakes in Wisconsin, USA. First, a pre–post analysis of aquatic plant communities found significant declines in native plant species in response to lake-wide herbicide treatment. Second, multi-level modeling using a large data set revealed a negative association between lake-wide herbicide treatments and native aquatic plants, but no significant negative effect of invasive M. spicatum. Taken together, our results indicate that lake-wide herbicide treatments aimed at controlling M. spicatum had larger effects on native aquatic plants than did the target of control—invasive M. spicatum. Our comparison reveals an important management tradeoff and encourages careful consideration of how we balance the real and perceived impacts of invasive species and the methods used for their control.
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Kurugundla, C. N., B. Mathangwane, S. Sakuringwa, and G. Katorah. "Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management." Open Plant Science Journal 9, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874294701609010001.

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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world. Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards. With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals. The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies. The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously. These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH between 4.5 and 10.3 and in the range of conductivities between 20 and 580 µS cm-1. Range of soluble nitrates, phosphates and potassium in the habitats of salvinia infestations were 0.02 to 1.5, 0.01 to 1.78 and 0.3 to 6.92 mg L-1 respectively. Water lettuce infestation in the seasonal Selinda Canal had a maximum of 4.7 mg L-1 nitrates, 2.8 mg L-1 phosphates and 7.9 mg L-1 potassium. Nevertheless, these three nutrients were in the range of 0.41 to 9.56 mg L-1, 0.2 to 2.9 mg L-1, and 7.7 to 11.53 mg L-1 respectively in the Limpopo River where water hyacinth infestations were observed. These nutrients were considerably high during decomposition phase of biological control of weeds. The Government of Botswana “regulates the movement and importation of boats and aquatic apparatus, to prevent the importation and spread of aquatic weeds both within and from the neighboring countries” by “Aquatic Weed (Control) Act” implemented in 1986. These measures, combined with communities, conservation groups, NGOs and public awareness campaigns, have highlighted the gravity of aquatic weeds spreading into wetlands, dams and other water bodies. In conclusion, the Government of Botswana is committed and supportive through the Department of Water Affairs in protecting the wetlands of the country efficiently and prudently.
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Radomski, Paul, and Donna Perleberg. "Avoiding the Invasive Trap: Policies for Aquatic Non-Indigenous Plant Management." Environmental Values 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327119x15515267418539.

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Schwoerer, Tobias, Joseph M. Little, Jennifer I. Schmidt, and Kyle W. Borash. "Hitchhikers on floats to Arctic freshwater: Private aviation and recreation loss from aquatic invasion." Ambio 49, no. 8 (December 4, 2019): 1364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01295-7.

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AbstractThis study of aviation-related recreation loss shows that a survey primarily aimed at collecting information on invasive species’ pathways can also be used to estimate changes in pathway-related ecosystem services. We present a case study for Elodea spp. (elodea), Alaska’s first known aquatic invasive plant, by combining respondents’ stated pre-invasion actual flights with stated post-invasion contingent behavior, plane operating costs, and site quality data. We asked pilots about the extent of continued flights should destinations become invaded and inhibit flight safety. We estimate a recreation demand model where the lost trip value to the average floatplane pilot whose destination is an elodea-invaded lake is US$185 (95 % CI $157, $211). Estimates of ecosystem damages incurred by private actors responsible for transmitting invaders can nudge actors to change behavior and inform adaptive ecosystem management. The policy and modeling implications of quantifying such damages and integration into more complex models are discussed.
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Simberloff, Daniel. "History, impacts, and management in Africa of the world’s most invasive aquatic plant." Biological Invasions 22, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 847–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-02129-z.

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Motitsoe, Samuel N., Jaclyn M. Hill, Julie A. Coetzee, and Martin P. Hill. "Invasive alien aquatic plant species management drives aquatic ecosystem community recovery: An exploration using stable isotope analysis." Biological Control 173 (October 2022): 104995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.104995.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invasive aquatic plant management"

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Diop, Ousseynou. "Management of invasive aquatic weeds with emphasis on biological control in Senegal." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005414.

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In 1985 the Diama Dam was built near the mouth of the Senegal River to regulate flows during the rainy season and prevent the intrusion of seawater during the dry season. This created ideal conditions upstream of the dam wall for invasion by two highly invasive aquatic weeds, first by water lettuce Pistia stratiotes Linnaeus (Araceae) in 1993, and then by salvinia Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae) in 1999. This study was focused on the management of P. stratiotes and S. molesta. Following successes that were achieved elsewhere in the world, biological control programmes involving two weevil species were inaugurated against both weeds and research was focused on several aspects. These included pre-release studies to determine the weevils' host-specificity and impact on the plants in the laboratory, their subsequent mass-rearing and releases at selected sites and post-release evaluations on their impact on the weed populations in the field. Both programmes, which reprepresented the first biocontrol efforts against aquatic weeds in Senegal, proved highly successful with severe damage inflicted on the weed populations and complete control achieved within a relatively short time span. A laboratory exclusion experiment with N. affinis on P. stratiotes showed that in treated tubs, the weevil strongly depressed plant performance as measured by the plant growth parameters: mass, rosette diameter, root length, number of leaves and daughter plants whereas control plants were healthy. Field releases started in September 1994 and water coverage by P. stratiotes at Lake Guiers was reduced by 25% in January 1995 and 50% in April 1995. A general decline of 65% in water coverage by P. stratiotes was observed in June 1995 and by August 1995, eight months after releases P. stratiotes mats were destroyed. Further, although no releases were made there, good results were obtained within 18 months at Djoudj Park water bodies, located 150 km NW from Lake Guiers indicating the potential of the weevil to disperse long distances. In 2005, P. stratiotes reappeared and the weevil N. affinis has located and controlled all of these P. stratiotes recurrences after new releases. In 1999, S. molesta covered an estimated area of 18 000 ha on the Senegal River Left Bank and tributaries (Senegal) and 7 840 ha on the Senegal River Right Bank (Mauritania). Military and Civil Development Committee (CCMAD) and community volunteers made an effort to control S. molesta using physical removal, but this costly and labour-intensive approach was unsustainable. Hence, biological control was adopted by Senegal and Mauritania to manage the weed. Host range tests to assess feeding by C. salviniae on S. molesta and non-target plants and carried out on 13 crop species showed that no feeding damage was observed on the latter and weevils only fed on S. molesta. Field releases of some 48 953 weevils at 270 sites were made from early January 2002 to August 2002. Within one year, weevils were established and were being recovered up to 50 km from the release sites. In a case study conducted at one of the release sites, the S. molesta infestation was reduced from 100% to less than 3% 24 months after release. These results are discussed in the context of the weeds’ negative impact on aquatic systems and riverside communities, and in the involvement of these communities in the programmes.
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Kovalenko, Katya. "Indirect effects of invasive species community effects of invasive aquatic plant control and direct and indirect effects of non-native peacock bass /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06252009-203011.

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Clements, Daniel. "Optimising the management of invasive aquatic plants targeted for extirpation from catchments and waterways : Utilising alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) as a target species." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2017. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/157567.

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Aquatic plants are integral components of freshwater ecosystems and provide essential ecosystem services. However, when invasive species establish in new aquatic environments, there are few natural checks and balances to inhibit their growth and spread. Overabundant aquatic vegetation can harm aquatic systems if left unchecked and negatively impact on agricultural productivity, social amenity and biodiversity values. Prevention and early intervention are recognised as the most cost effective means to manage invasive species that pose a biosecurity risk. This thesis contributes to the development of effective management strategies for one of the world’s most invasive aquatic plant species, known as alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.). It focusses on developing management strategies in an early stage of invasion, in order to achieve extirpation of this species from catchments and waterways. Developing effective detection and surveillance strategies are required for invasive aquatic plants, as a key impediment to achieving extirpation is the ability to detect infestations, so that control strategies can be enacted. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of aerial surveillance for detection of alligator weed at different spatial scales, using high altitude aerial imagery (orthophotos) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. An examination of the growth rate of alligator weed in Victoria, Australia, over a five year period, demonstrates the effective use of orthophotos to detect and monitor large infestations of aquatic alligator weed. The efficacy of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, including the use of automated algorithms, to detect patches of alligator weed growing in waterways is evaluated against current detection techniques. Effective management of invasive aquatic plants targeted for extirpation requires the coupling of effective detection and control efforts to prevent reproduction. To date, development of control strategies for aquatic alligator weed has been limited to evaluating the efficacy of short-term control at a local scale without regard to the effects of management strategies on dispersal of propagules throughout catchments. This thesis determines that viable alligator weed stem fragments are produced following herbicide application, which comprises extirpation efforts. This thesis has gone further than current practice in that it has evaluated the efficacy of current and novel control techniques, in both laboratory and field trials and has developed methods to manage viable fragment production post-herbicide application, to limit dispersal throughout catchments. In this respect, the application of the herbicides glyphosate, metsulfuron-methyl and imazapyr, and their effectiveness when incorporating surfactant systems and plant growth regulators, have been evaluated in field and laboratory studies to optimise control techniques for aquatic alligator weed. Results have shown that our approaches, when used in an early stage of invasion, are capable of eliminating patches of alligator weed in two to three years. Integral to the research is an experiment to determine the effect of herbicide treatments on the production of alligator weed stem fragments and their subsequent viability. Further investigation to determine the usefulness of commercially available plant growth regulators (PGRs) to reduce the number of viable propagules produced by alligator weed post-herbicide application was found to be ineffective. This thesis also evaluates the impact of herbicides and surfactant systems, on all key alligator weed response metrics in aquatic environments including; above ground biomass, below ground biomass and viable stem fragmentation. No previous studies have looked simultaneously at these three important measures for determining the efficacy of a particular control regime, and we have determined that this is essential for effective management of aquatic alligator weed in an early stage of invasion. The thesis has underscored the notion that development of more effective management strategies, based upon experimental trials, will result in an increased likelihood of eradicating invasive aquatic plants that pose a biosecurity risk, and thus move toward the mitigation of the threat that high-risk species pose to aquatic ecosystems. PLEASE NOTE: Portions of the full text have been removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Thomas, Caitlin B. "Survival and Growth Responses of Lithobates Pipiens Tadpoles to anHerbicide and an Algaecide used to Control Aquatic Invasive Plants." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1435688702.

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Curtis, Amanda N. "Non-target Impacts of Chemical Management for Invasive Plants on Lithobates Pipiens Tadpoles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1416525356.

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Sharratt, Norma. "Response of aquatic macroinvertebrate and aerial odonate assemblages to the removal of invasive alien trees in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50440.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasive alien trees, especially Acacia species, are a great threat to biodiversity in South African rivers. The national Working for Water Programme is addressing the alien problem by removing alien trees from river margins. The concern is that this may be creating even further disturbance by affecting water quality and habitats. In particular, how is this affecting rare and endemic species? Benthic macro invertebrates and aerial odonates were assessed along five Western Cape rivers in alien-invaded, cleared and natural sites between December and March. The aim was to assess the effect of both alien invasion and alien clearing on aquatic invertebrates. Odonata, being easily sampled, were also assessed as they are severely affected by the lack of understorey plants in shaded, alien-invaded sites. Odonata and benthic macroinvertebrates were treated as two separate studies and no attempt was made to correlate the results obtained from both studies. SASS5, a qualitative, rapid bioassessment technique, based on the sensitivity of the families present, was used as a measure of river health and, indirectly, of water quality. SASS indicated a decline in water quality conditions after alien clearing, a likely response to the greater insolation as well as erosion of cleared banks, resulting in elevated temperatures and suspended solids and lowered oxygen levels. Community responses to alien disturbance and other environmental factors were analysed using PRIMER and CANOCO software. Assemblages of Odonata were found to provide a rapid, cost-effective means of assessment and monitoring. Potential indicator and detector species were also identified using the lndicator Value method. Assemblage patterns of aquatic invertebrates, however, were dominated by between-river and seasonal effects. Therefore, while SASS detected overall changes in river health, without identifying the cause, potential aquatic detector taxa were identified that may be useful for linking general disturbance to alien invasion or clearing. All indicator and detector taxa identified in both studies can be used for long-term monitoring and for identifying biodiverse areas for clearing or protection. In both studies, sensitive, endemic taxa were lost after clearing, being replaced by more tolerant, widespread taxa. Recovery of the biota appears to follow the recovery succession of the vegetation, with most sensitive or endemic taxa only appearing after the recovery of indigenous plants. A number of recommendations are made regarding the restoration of both water quality (particularly with respect to shade and soil erosion) and biotope availability (particularly in terms of the recultivation of indigenous plants) in order to achieve biodiversity objectives. The role of catchment management, prioritisation procedures and long-term monitoring are also discussed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Uitheemse, indringerbome, veral Acacia spesies, is 'n groot bedreiging vir biodiversiteit in Suid- Afrikaanse riviere. Die nasionale Werk vir Water-projek spreek hierdie probleem aan deur uitheemse bome van rivieroewers te verwyder. Die kommer is dat water kwaliteit en habitatte sodoende verder versteur kan word. Byvoorbeeld, hoe word endemiese en bedreigde spesies geraak? Akwatiese makroinvertebrate en volwasse Odonata in vyf Wes-Kaapse riviere is tussen Desember en Maart bestudeer en gemonster in natuurlike gebiede, in gebiede waar indringerbome teenwoordig is, en in gebiede waar hulle verwyder is. Die doel was om die effek van indringerverwante impakte op akwatiese invertebrate vas te stel. Odonata is ook bestudeer omdat hulle maklik gemonster kan word en omdat hulle ernstig geraak word deur indringers. Die uitheemse plantegroei oorskadu die oewers en verhoed die groei van inheemse oewerplante. Die bentiese makro-invertebrate en Odonata is as twee aparte studies behandel en geen poging is gemaak om die resultate van die twee te vergelyk nie. SASSS, 'n kwalitatiewe, bioasseseringsmetode wat op die sensitiwiteit van die aanwesige families baseer word, is gebruik om waterkwaliteit op 'n indirekte manier te bepaal. SASS het aangedui dat daar 'n afname in waterkwaliteit is nadat indringerplante verwyder is. Dit is moontlik as 'n gevolg van groter blootstelling aan sonskyn en erosie van rivieroewers wat veroorsaak dat temperature en die hoeveelheid gesuspendeerde materiaal verhoog word, en dat suurstof konsentrasies verminder word. Die gevolge van indringerplante en ander omgewingsfaktore op akwatiese gemeenskappe is met PRlMER en CANOCO sagteware ontleed. Groepering van Odonata kan gebruik word om op 'n maklike en koste-effektiewe manier om die impak van indringerplante en hul verwydering te bepaal en te monitor. Aanwyserspesies is ook deur middel van die 'Indicator Value' metode geïdentifiseer. Die verspreidingspatrone van invertebraatspesies word deur geografiese en seisoenale effekte oorheers. Dus, terwyl SASS veranderinge in waterkwaliteit kan aantoon, sonder om die oorsaak daarvan te identifiseer, kan aanwyserspesies gebruik word om meer spesifieke impakte deur indringerplantegroei, of indringerverwydering, te bepaal en te monitor. Hulle kan ook gebruik word om gebiede met hoë biodiversiteit vir bewaring of indringerverwydering te identifiseer. Beide studies dui aan dat sensitiewe en endemiese taksa na indringerverwydering verlore gaan, en vervang word met meer geharde, wydverspreide taksa. Herstel van die biota volg op die herstel van die plant gemeenskappe, en die mees sensitiewe of endemiese taksa herstel eers nadat die inheemse plantegroei herstel het. 'n Aantal aanbevelings in verband met die restorasie van waterkwaliteit (veral in terme van die hoeveelheid skaduwee en erosie) en die beskikbaarheid van biotope (veral in terme van inheemse plante) om biodiversiteitsdoelwitte te bereik word gemaak. Die rol van opvanggebied bestuur, voorrang prosedures en lang termyn monitering word ook bespreek.
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Langa, Sílvia da Fátima. "The impact and control of waterweeds in the Southern Mozambique Basin rivers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001905.

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In Mozambique, establishment of aquatic weeds has been enhanced through the increased enrichment of water bodies by nutrient runoffs from human and agricultural wastes that lead to an increase in nitrate and phosphate in the water. The aquatic weeds, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), red water fern ( Azolla microphylla), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and salvinia (Salvinia molesta) were found in most watercourses in Mozambique and are becoming aggressive in some watercourses, especially in the Umbeluzi and Incomati rivers. Farmers and people living along the rivers are aware of the negative impact of the water weeds because the large mats of weeds cause loss of shoreline and navigability along the rivers. Other commonly perceived effects of aquatic invasive plants in Mozambique rivers include: reduced navigable surface area; difficulties for fishermen, which reduces income; increased prevalence of insects and insect-borne disease, and decreased aesthetic value. The methods currently used for the control and management of the aquatic weeds are mechanical and manual control. Both methods are costly, time consuming, and only provide a short-term solution to the problem. The study found that the weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi were effective biological control agents in the study area but their impact is too gradual compared to the aggressive proliferation of water hyacinth. The one year lab-experiment clearly demonstrated that the water lettuce weed had a significant impact on the recruitment of macro-invertebrates to the artificial substrates, and water lettuce contributed to the reduction of oxygen in the water and consequent reduction of macro-invertebrate abundance and diversity. The biodiversity recovered at the same time in the pools containing water lettuce controlled by N. affinis and water lettuce controlled by herbicide, but richness and diversity of macro-invertebrates was higher in the water lettuce controlled by N affinis during the first sampling occasion compared to the water lettuce in pools controlled by herbicide, where macro-invertebrates increased only when DO levels recovered after water lettuce mat decay. The number of taxa recorded in this study is an indication of the significance of macro-invertebrates in an aquatic environment. This therefore emphasizes the need for more research efforts into macrophyte and macro-invertebrate associations in the aquatic system to better understand the implications of habitat modification arising from human activities. It will also enable us to be better equipped with a more appropriate ecological understanding for aquatic resources management.
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Félix, Pedro Nuno Andrade Martins. "Plano de gestão das infestações de jacinto-aquático no rio Alviela (Santarém)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30086.

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As plantas invasoras alteram a funcionalidade dos ecossistemas, destroem habitats e reduzem a biodiversidade nativa. O jacinto-aquático é a espécie invasora que mais ameaça os ecossistemas dulçaquícolas no mundo. Portugal possui um grande historial de invasões por jacinto-aquático desde a primeira ocorrência, há cerca de 80 anos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a elaboração de um Plano de gestão do jacinto-aquático no rio Alviela, a ser implementado pela Câmara Municipal de Santarém. Foi efetuada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica sobre a espécie, avaliada a extensão atual da invasão no rio Alviela (c. 6,3 km lineares, 2 ha) e estudada a evolução espácio-temporal das manchas de jacinto aquático desde 1995 através de ferramentas de deteção remota, bem como as causas da invasão. Observou-se um aumento exponencial da área ocupada por jacinto-aquático ao longo do tempo. O plano é constituído por 18 ações distribuídas por sete fases; Abstract: Tittle: Weed management plan for water hyacinth in the Alviela river (Santarém, Portugal) Alien plants modify ecosystems functioning, destroy habitats and decrease native biodiversity. Water hyacinth is the most threatening invasive alien species in freshwater ecosystems of the world. Portugal has had a history of biological invasions by water hyacinth for the last 80 years. This work aims to develop a management plan for water hyacinth in a river of central Portugal that will be implemented by the Municipality of Santarém. An extensive bibliographical review was conducted about the species, as well as an evaluation of the current existing infestation in the Alviela river (6,3 km linearly, 2 ha) and an assessment of the spatio-temporal evolution of water hyacinth mats since 1995 with remote sensing tools. Causes of the invasion were also assessed. The results showed an exponential increase in the total area occupied by water hyacinth along the period assessed. This plan contemplates 18 interventions divided by 7 main stages.
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Soti, Pushpa Gautam. "Influence of Soil Biogeochemical Properties on the Invasiveness of Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/960.

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The state of Florida has one of the most severe exotic species invasion problems in the United States, but little is known about their influence on soil biogeochemistry. My dissertation research includes a cross-continental field study in Australia, Florida, and greenhouse and growth chamber experiments, focused on the soil-plant interactions of one of the most problematic weeds introduced in south Florida, Lygodium microphyllum (Old World climbing fern). Analysis of field samples from the ferns introduced and their native range indicate that L microphyllum is highly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for phosphorus uptake and biomass accumulation. Relationship with AMF is stronger in relatively dry conditions, which are commonly found in some Florida sites, compared to more common wet sites where the fern is found in its native Australia. In the field, L. microphyllum is found to thrive in a wide range of soil pH, texture, and nutrient conditions, with strongly acidic soils in Australia and slightly acidic soils in Florida. Soils with pH 5.5 - 6.5 provide the most optimal growth conditions for L. microphyllum, and the growth declines significantly at soil pH 8.0, indicating that further reduction could happen in more alkaline soils. Comparison of invaded and uninvaded soil characteristics demonstrates that L. microphyllum can change the belowground soil environment, with more conspicuous impact on nutrient-poor sandy soils, to its own benefit by enhancing the soil nutrient status. Additionally, the nitrogen concentration in the leaves, which has a significant influence in the relative growth rate and photosynthesis, was significantly higher in Florida plants compared to Australian plants. Given that L. microphyllum allocates up to 40% of the total biomass to rhizomes, which aid in rapid regeneration after burning, cutting or chemical spray, hence management techniques targeting the rhizomes look promising. Over all, my results reveal for the first time that soil pH, texture, and AMF are major factors facilitating the invasive success of L. mcirophyllum. Finally, herbicide treatments targeting rhizomes will most likely become the widely used technique to control invasiveness of L. microphyllum in the future. However, a complete understanding of the soil ecosystem is necessary before adding any chemicals to the soil to achieve a successful long-term invasive species management strategy.
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Levin-Nielsen, Abraham Michael. "SPATIAL PRIORITIZATION FOR INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/6.

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Invasive exotic plant species have been recognized as serious threats to ecosystems. Extensive research on invasive exotic plant species has primarily focused on the impacts, characteristics, and potential treatments. Decision tools and management models that incorporate these findings often lack input from managers and have limited use in differing invasion scenarios. Therefore, in this study, I created a scientifically-driven framework that incorporates expert input to prioritize watersheds for management within the Inner Bluegrass region of Kentucky. The widely distributed invasive exotic plant Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) was used as an example species. The framework is built around the Analytic Hierarchy Process and highlights areas in most need of invasive exotic plant management by incorporating weighted landscape variables associated with the invasion process. Results of the prioritization provide useful information for natural resource managers by aiding in the development of control strategies while also creating a valuable framework that can be adapted to various invasive exotic plant species.
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Books on the topic "Invasive aquatic plant management"

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Branch, Alberta Pesticide Chemicals. Aquatic plant management. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Environment, 1986.

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Branch, Alberta Pesticide Chemicals. Aquatic plant management. [Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Environment, Environmental Protection Services, Pollution Control Division, Pesticide Chemicals Branch, 1986.

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Parsons, Jenifer. Aquatic plant sampling protocols. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, 2001.

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Parsons, Jenifer. Aquatic plant sampling protocols. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, 2001.

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South Carolina. Dept. of Natural Resources. South Carolina aquatic invasive species management plan. [Columbia, S.C.]: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 2008.

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South Carolina. Dept. of Natural Resources. South Carolina aquatic invasive species management plan. [Columbia, S.C.]: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 2008.

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Florida. Legislature. House of Representatives. Committee on Environmental Protection. Review of invasive plant management programs. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Committee, 1999.

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Erkki, Leppäkoski, Gollasch Stephan, and Olenin Sergej, eds. Invasive aquatic species of Europe: Distribution, impacts, and management. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Effects of climate change on aquatic invasive species. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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name, No. Invasive aquatic species of Europe: Distribution, impacts and management. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Invasive aquatic plant management"

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Bolch, Erik A., Maria J. Santos, Christiana Ade, Shruti Khanna, Nicholas T. Basinger, Martin O. Reader, and Erin L. Hestir. "Remote Detection of Invasive Alien Species." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 267–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_12.

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AbstractThe spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the most severe threat to biodiversity outside of climate change and anthropogenic habitat destruction. IAS negatively impact ecosystems, local economies, and residents. They are especially problematic because once established, they give rise to positive feedbacks, increasing the likelihood of further invasions and spread. The integration of remote sensing (RS) to the study of invasion, in addition to contributing to our understanding of invasion processes and impacts to biodiversity, has enabled managers to monitor invasions and predict the spread of IAS, thus supporting biodiversity conservation and management action. This chapter focuses on RS capabilities to detect and monitor invasive plant species across terrestrial, riparian, aquatic, and human-modified ecosystems. All of these environments have unique species assemblages and their own optimal methodology for effective detection and mapping, which we discuss in detail.
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Wallentinus, Inger. "Introduced Marine Algae and Vascular Plants in European Aquatic Environments." In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 27–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_4.

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Siguan, Maria A. Ribera. "Review of Non-Native Marine Plants in the Mediterranean Sea." In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 291–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_31.

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Dawson, F. Hugh, and David Holland. "The distribution in bankside habitats of three alien invasive plants in the U.K. in relation to the development of control strategies." In Biology, Ecology and Management of Aquatic Plants, 193–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0922-4_27.

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Ruiz-Avila, R. J., and V. V. Klemm. "Management of Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., an aquatic invasive weed of urban waterways in Western Australia." In Management and Ecology of Freshwater Plants, 187–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5782-7_29.

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Müller, Jakob C., and Eva M. Griebeler. "Genetics on Invasive Species." In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 173–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_19.

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Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina, and Ana Novoa. "Advances in the Management of Invasive Plants." In Global Plant Invasions, 317–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89684-3_15.

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Brooks, Matthew L., and Robert C. Klinger. "Practical Considerations for Early Detection Monitoring of Plant Invasions." In Management of Invasive Weeds, 9–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9202-2_2.

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Rejmánek, Marcel. "Invasive Plant Species and Invasible Ecosystems." In Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management, 79–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_6.

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Gollasch, Stephan. "Hazard Analysis of Aquatic Species Invasions." In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 447–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Invasive aquatic plant management"

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Kasthurirathna, Dharshana, Kawee Lokuge, Ranmal Mendis, Lihini Galagedara, and Keerthana Vijekumar. "Invasive Plant Detection and Management Platform." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2020 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope49358.2020.9160590.

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Kannangara, KATT, MB Shoukie, MPA Nayomi, SM Dassanayake, ABN Dassanyake, and CL Jayawardena. "Determining the Invasive Plant Dynamics in Bolgoda Lake Using Open-source Data." In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2022.15.

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Identifying invasive plants (IP) and monitoring their dynamics is essential to minimize potential adverse effects on natural resources. Remote sensing (RS) could effectively cater to such requirements by acquiring data in many critical domains. Limitations of spatial resolution, spectral information, and large imagery files usually hinder retrieving, managing, and analyzing remotely sensed data. The cloud-based computational capabilities of Google Earth Engine (GEE) provide the amenities for geospatial data analysis, retrieval, and processing with access to a majority of freely available, public, multi-temporal RS data. Integrating machine learning algorithms into GEE generates a promising path toward operationalizing automated RS-based IP monitoring by overcoming traditional challenges. Use of Classification and Regression Trees (CART) classifier to generate water-vegetation classification over six years (2016-2021) with Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images enabled mapping the invasive plants and their dominant component of Water Hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) across a heterogeneous landscape in Bolgoda Lake, Sri Lanka. Also, the study could develop a relatively accurate classification of the water-vegetation dynamics over the time of interest. The classified time series data indicates the annual variation of the water, vegetation, and non-vegetation classes with rapidly fluctuating seasonal cycles for the vegetation cover. These results could benefit regulatory authorities and institutions to optimize environmental resource management and prioritize eco-preservation attempts. Moreover, the findings reflect the capabilities of deep learning models to identify invasive plant behaviors even with modest spatial and spectral resolution imagery.
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Watson, J. F. "Non-invasive instrumentation for on-line management and monitoring of electrical plant." In International Conference on Life Management of Power Plants. IEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19941093.

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Roberts, Emily A., and George William Mallory Harrison. "PROPOSED USE OF GOATS FOR INVASIVE PLANT MANAGEMENT IN HOT SPRINGS NATIONAL PARK." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284200.

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Su, Yi, Fengxiang X. Han, Jian Chen, Yunju Xia, and David L. Monts. "Bioavailability of Mercury in Contaminated Oak Ridge Watershed and Potential Remediation of River/Runoff/Storm Water by an Aquatic Plant." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16319.

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Historically as part of its national security mission, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Y-12 National Security Facility in Oak Ridge, TN, USA acquired a significant fraction of the world’s supply of elemental mercury. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, a large amount of elemental mercury escaped confinement and is still present in the buildings and grounds of the Y-12 Facility and in the Y-12 Watershed. Because of the adverse effects of elemental mercury and mercury compounds upon human health, the Oak Ridge Site is engaged in an ongoing effort to monitor and remediate the area. The main thrust of the Oak Ridge mercury remediation effort is currently scheduled for implementation in FY09. In order to more cost effectively implement those extensive remediation efforts, it is necessary now to obtain an improved understanding of the role that mercury and mercury compounds play in the Oak Ridge ecosystem. Most recently, concentrations of both total mercury and methylmercury in fish and water of lower East Fork Poplar Creek (LEFPC) of Oak Ridge increased although the majority of mercury in the site is mercury sulfide. This drives the US DOE and the Oak Ridge Site to study the long-term bioavailability of mercury and speciation at the site. The stability and bioavailability of mercury sulfide as affected by various biogeochemical conditions –presence of iron oxides have been studied. We examined the kinetic rate of dissolution of cinnabar from Oak Ridge soils and possible mechanisms and pathways in triggering the most recent increase of mercury solubility, bioavailability and mobility in Oak Ridge site. The effects of pH and chlorine on oxidative dissolution of cinnabar from cinnabar-contaminated Oak Ridge soils is discussed. On the other hand, aquatic plants might be good candidate for phytoremediate contaminated waste water and phytofiltration of collective storm water and surface runoff and river. Our greenhouse studies on uptake of Hg by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) show that water lettuce is effectively removing Hg from water solution and Hg was mostly stored in roots. One day of growing could remove 93–98% of Hg from water solutions. However, Hg shows acute toxicity to water lettuce as indicated by decreases in fresh biomass and moisture contents.
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Chernykh, Dmitriy, Dmitriy Zolotov, Roman Biryukov, and Dmitriy Pershin. "SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF AQUATIC AND ASSOCIATED GEOSYSTEMS IN THE SOUTH OF WESTERN SIBERIA UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1694.978-5-317-06490-7/135-140.

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An unstable lake levels are characteristic for the Ob Plateau territory. Moreover, there are reciprocal level fluctuations. In this regard, both in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Plateau, a significant part of geosystems of underlying locations are periodically affected by the hydromorphic factor. It is manifested in the structure of soil cover, micro- and nanorelief, and composition of plant associations.
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Ma, Peter, Jeffrey T. Morisette, Ann Rodman, Craig McClure, Jeff Pedelty, Nate Benson, Kara Paintner, et al. "Evaluation of integrating the invasive species forecasting system to support national park service decisions on fire management activities and invasive plant species control." In 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423342.

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Nesbitt, Victoria A. "The Phytoremediation of Radioactively Contaminated Land: A Feasible Approach or Just Bananas?" In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96318.

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Soil is an essential component of all terrestrial ecosystems and is under increasing threat from human activity. Techniques available for removing radioactive contamination from soil and aquatic substrates are limited and often costly to implement; particularly over large areas. Frequently, bulk soil removal, with its attendant consequences, is a significant component of the majority of contamination incidents. Alternative techniques capable of removing contamination or exposure pathways without damaging or removing the soil are therefore of significant interest. An increasing number of old nuclear facilities are entering ‘care and maintenance’, with significant ground contamination issues. Phytoremediation — the use of plants’ natural metabolic processes to remediate contaminated sites is one possible solution. Its key mechanisms include phytoextraction and phytostabilisation. These are analogues of existing remedial techniques. Further, phytoremediation can improve soil quality and stability and restore functionality. Information on the application of phytoremediation in the nuclear industry is widely distributed over an extended period of time and sources. It is therefore difficult to quickly and effectively identify which plants would be most suitable for phytoremediation on a site by site basis. In response, a phytoremediation tool has been developed to address this issue. Existing research and case studies were reviewed to understand the mechanisms of phytoremediation, its effectiveness and the benefits and limitations of implementation. The potential for cost recovery from a phytoremediation system is also briefly considered. An overview of this information is provided here. From this data, a set of matrices was developed to guide potential users through the plant selection process. The matrices take the user through a preliminary screening process to determine whether the contamination present at their site is amenable to phytoremediation, and to give a rough indication as to what plants might be suitable. The second two allow the user to target specific plant species that would be most likely to successfully establish based on prevailing site conditions. The outcome of this study is a phytoremediation tool that can facilitate the development of phytoremediation projects, avoiding the need for in-depth research to identify optimal plant species on a case-by-case basis.
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Radulescu, Victorita. "Autonomous Platform Collecting the Vegetation in Excess From Natural Reservations Lakes Used As a Future Biomass Resource." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70331.

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In Romania, near the Black Sea are two Natural Reservations lakes with salt water, Techirghiol, and Mangalia nowadays confronted with new environmental issues. Lake never freezes. Under these conditions, there are always birds in transit or in wintering; some of them protected species as endangered. There are no known or available solutions at present that can be used here, without disturbing the biological balance. This paper presents a prototype, patent pending in Romania, which has achieved significant results in protection of the natural environment. The prototype is an autonomous pilot station, placed on a mobile pontoon, powered by photovoltaic panels. It can collect and partially dry the aquatic vegetation developed in excess due to eutrophication. The harvested vegetation is used as the biomass resource to warm the Research Centre on shore, the greenhouse for the protected plant species and the poultry incubator. The prototype now is implemented in Techirghiol Lake as to diminish the local environmental problems: the massive mass of vegetation, the invasive species that appeared, as the invertebrates, the interference scallops, and the predator fish. Due to the permanent decreasing the number of the specific fish, all bird colonies are affected. The proposed solution is innovative, perfect ecological and energetic independent. The mobile pontoon is commanded from distance. The solar panels ensure the pontoon movement and the supply of the collecting, compacting, and partially drying the vegetation. The detailed functioning of the prototype is further detailed presented. The main advantage of this solution is that the vegetation can be collected during the entire period of vegetation without disturbing the biologic environmental, nests period of construction, laying eggs, rearing birds, etc. A second major advantage is that the extracted vegetation can be consumed immediately and integrally into a biomass power plant. The third advantage of this technology is that the platform is placed on a mobile pontoon energetically independent, entirely automated and with a constant adaptation of the operating parameters in accordance with climatic conditions. This innovative solution is accordance to the Romanian reply for EU Council Directives, UE EUCO 75/13 CO EUR 7 signed in Brussels at 22/05/2013, referring to the promotion of the new solutions based on utilization of renewable technology with environmental effects. The prototype has a multi- and a cross-disciplinary character due to the main components. It represents a powerful applicative research requested and co-financed by the National Authorities and the private sector, as to solve this problem appeared into these Natural Reservations.
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Shafer, David S., David DuBois, Vic Etyemezian, Ilias Kavouras, Julianne J. Miller, George Nikolich, and Mark Stone. "Fire as a Long-Term Stewardship Issue for Soils Contaminated With Radionuclides in the Western U.S." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7181.

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On both U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and U.S. Department of Defense sites in the southwestern United States (U.S.), significant areas of surface soils are contaminated with radionuclides from atmospheric nuclear testing, and with depleted uranium, primarily from military training. At DOE sites in Nevada, the proposed regulatory closure strategy for most sites is to leave contaminants in place with administrative controls and periodic monitoring. Closure-in-place is considered an acceptable strategy because the contaminated sites exist on access-restricted facilities, decreasing the potential risk to public receptor, the high cost and feasibility of excavating contaminated soils over large areas, and the environmental impacts of excavating desert soils that recover very slowly from disturbance. The largest of the contaminated sites on the Tonopah Test Range in Nevada covers over 1,200 hectares. However, a factor that has not been fully investigated in the long-term stewardship of these sites is the potential effects of fires. Because of the long half-lives of some of the contaminants (e.g., 24,100 years for 239Pu) and changes in land-cover and climatic factors that are increasing the frequency of fires throughout the western U.S., it should be assumed that all of these sites will eventually burn, possibly multiple times, during the timeframe when they still pose a risk. Two primary factors are contributing to increased fire frequency. The first is the spread of invasive grasses, particularly cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum and Bromus rubens), which have out-competed native annuals and invaded interspaces between shrubs, allowing fires to burn easier. The second is a sharp increase in fire frequency and size throughout the western U.S. beginning in the mid-1980s. This second factor appears to correlate with an increase in average spring and summer temperatures, which may be contributing to earlier loss of soil moisture and longer periods of dry plant biomass (particularly from annual plants). The potential risk to site workers from convective heat dispersion of radionuclide contaminants is an immediate concern during a fire. Long-term, post-fire concerns include potential changes in windblown suspension properties of contaminated soil particles after fires because of loss of vegetation cover and changes in soil properties, and soil erosion from surface water runoff and fluvial processes.
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Reports on the topic "Invasive aquatic plant management"

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Wainger, Lisa, Anna McMurray, Nathan Harms, and Alfred Cofrancesco. A framework for assessing economic benefits of invasive aquatic plant management in Louisiana. Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22164.

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Madsen, John D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Aquatic Plant Management Techniques. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392169.

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Giffen, Neil R., and Kitty McCracken. Invasive Plant Management Plan for the Oak Ridge Reservation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1408049.

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Kress, Rose, and Don Morgan. Aquatic Plant Control Research Program. Volume A-95-1. Application of New Technologies for Aquatic Plant Management. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada291966.

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Burns, E. R., A. L. Bates, and D. H. Webb. Aquatic Plant Management Program current status and seasonal workplan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102439.

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Madsen, John D. Point Intercept and Line Intercept Methods for Aquatic Plant Management. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361270.

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Sampson, Sierra, and Christina Kriedeman. Invasive plant management in Kenai Fjords National Park: 2019 summary report. National Park Service, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2282228.

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Gage, Hannah, and Christina Kriedeman. Invasive plant management in Kenai Fjords National Park: 2020 summary report. National Park Service, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284598.

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Guertin, Patrick J., and Matthew G. Hohmann. Invasive Plant Species Survey and Management Guidelines for Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402802.

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Harms, Nathan, and James Cronin. Phenology of competitive interactions and implications for management of the invasive wetland plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42188.

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Phenological differences between invading plants and members of recipient communities may increase the success of invaders because of priority effects. Thus, the application of management when the invader has a phenological advantage (for example, early in the year) can benefit other species by increasing resource availability. This technical note summarizes results from a combination of field observations and a mesocosm experiment to explore whether phenological differences between the invasive wetland plant, alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides [Mart.] Grseb.), and resident species contribute to alligatorweed success. We documented over two years the early-season growth of alligatorweed and other species at 12 sites in Louisiana, USA. We then conducted a subsequent mesocosm competition experiment between alligatorweed and a common wetland emergent species, spotted lady’s thumb (Persicaria maculosa [L.] Small), over a full year to detect differences in timing of growth and competitive interactions under two fertilizer levels.
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