Relevant bibliographies by topics / Invasive fungal infection

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Invasive fungal infection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Invasive fungal infection"

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Castón-Osorio, J. J., A. Rivero, and J. Torre-Cisneros. "Epidemiology of invasive fungal infection." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 32 (November 2008): S103—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(08)70009-8.

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Buckley, H. R., M. D. Richardson, E. G. V. Evans, and L. J. Wheat. "Immunodiagnosis of invasive fungal infection." Medical Mycology 30, s1 (January 1992): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681219280000941.

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LNU, Rijuneeta, and Bhumika Gupta. "Invasive Fungal Sinusitis." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 5, no. 2 (2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1123.

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ABSTRACT Invasive sinus Aspergillus infection has been reported in the last decade with increased frequency, most commonly in the setting of hematologic malignancy, neutropenia, HIV infection and other states of immunosuppression. Fungal rhinosinusitis can be broadly classified into two varieties-invasive and noninvasive on the basis of tissue invasion. Invasive fungal sinusitis are acute invasive, chronic invasive (both granulomatous and nongranulomatous forms), whereas noninvasive are fungus balls and allergic fungal sinusitis. Invasive fungal sinusitis is one of the most challenging forms of sinonasal pathology to manage, most commonly presenting in immunocompromised individuals. Chronic invasive being sinus aspergillosis (CISA) is being reported in immunocompetent patients at an increasing rate while most of these cases are being reported from the India subcontinent and middle east. Invasive fungal sinusitis is on the rise worldwide and especially in north India as it is endemic in this part of the country. It is affecting immunocompetent young and middle aged population causing a great morbidity and mortality. This entity needs to be picked up early by spreading awareness among the family physicians, internists, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, pulmonary physicians, critical care specialists so that an early management can initiated to achieve better control over the disease. This review is an attempt to initiate an interdisciplinary approach to achieve a better outcome. How to cite this article Gupta AK, Bansal S, Rijuneeta, Gupta B. Invasive Fungal Sinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(2): 63-71.
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Dua, Kapil, H. Chopra, Neha Chopra, Sanjeev Puri, and Vikrant Mittal. "Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis: Our Experience." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 2, no. 3 (2009): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1005.

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Abstract Opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients are associated with a high mortality rate. Endemic mycoses are often asymptomatic, but in appropriate hosts, fungi can cause severe and even fatal infection. Facial pain in an immunocompromised patient may signify invasive fungal sinusitis. Treatment with antifungal agents needs to be individualized according to factors such as the type of fungus, presence of renal failure, or pregnancy. Combining antifungal agents or addition of other approaches, such as surgical debridement or steps to control intracranial pressure, may be needed for adequate treatment of certain types of fungal infections.
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Cumbo, Thomas A., and Brahm H. Segal. "Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Cancer and Neutropenia." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2, no. 5 (September 2004): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2004.0036.

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Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with prolonged neutropenia and in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The degree and duration of neutropenia influence the risk of opportunistic fungal infections. Because Candida and Aspergillus species are the major causes of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients, the fungal section of the NCCN guidelines focus on these two pathogens. Effective prevention and therapy of invasive fungal pathogens is a priority in highly immunocompromised patients with cancer. Three strategies in preventing and treating patients at high risk for fungal infection will be considered: (1) prophylaxis; (2) empirical therapy; and (3) treatment for probable or proven fungal infection. In addition to more effective antifungal agents, growing interest has been noted in novel non-culture detection methods to facilitate early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections.
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Nicolle, LE, C. Rotstein, AM Bourgault, G. St-Germain, and G. Garber. "Invasive Fungal Infections in Canada from 1992 to 1994." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 9, no. 6 (1998): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/473219.

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PURPOSE: To describe the frequency, characteristics and impact of invasive fungal infection in Canada.METHODS: Nominal case reporting with standardized data collection from selected sites across Canada. Cases were found primarily through laboratory review with supplementation by record review and clinical surveillance at some sites.RESULTS: The frequency of invasive fungal infection varied from 3.54 to 6.64/100,000 population per year.Candidaspecies were responsible for 66% of all reports; 80% of candidal infections were bloodstream isolates.Crytococcus neoformans,Aspergillusspecies andHistoplasma capsulatumeach accounted for 5% to 10% of cases, and all other organisms less than 5% each. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was an important comorbidity for cryptococcus and histoplasma infections, and was associated with increased mortality for only histoplasma infections. Geographical variation of histoplasma, blastomyces and coccidioidomyces infection was confirmed. Case fatality was high for all invasive fungal infections, except coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis and sporotrichosis.CONCLUSIONS:Candidaspecies infections are the major pathogens in invasive fungal infections in Canada; all other species occur relatively infrequently. The potential for therapeutic intervention to limit mortality requires further assessment.
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Santamaría-Alza, Y., J. Sánchez-Bautista, J. F. Fajardo-Rivero, and C. L. Figueroa. "Invasive fungal infections in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 27, no. 7 (March 14, 2018): 1116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318763743.

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Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement. Complications, such as invasive fungal infections usually occur in patients with a greater severity of the disease. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk variables associated with invasive fungal infections in a Colombian systemic lupus erythematosus population. Materials and methods A cross-sectional, retrospective study that evaluated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for six years. The primary outcome was invasive fungal infection. Descriptive, group comparison and bivariate analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. Results Two hundred patients were included in this study; 84.5% of the patients were women and the median age was 36 years; 68% of the subjects had haematological complications; 53.3% had nephropathy; 45% had pneumopathy and 28% had pericardial impairment; 7.5% of patients had invasive fungal infections and the most frequently isolated fungus was Candida albicans. Pericardial disease, cyclophosphamide use, high disease activity, elevated ESR, C3 hypocomplementemia, anaemia and lymphopenia had a significant association with invasive fungal infection ( P < 0.05). Conclusions We describe for the first time the prevalence of invasive fungal infection in a Colombian population with systemic lupus erythematosus, which was higher than that reported in other latitudes. In this population the increase in disease activity, the presence of pericardial impairment and laboratory alterations (anaemia, lymphopenia, increased ESR and C3 hypocomplementemia) are associated with a greater possibility of invasive fungal infections. Regarding the use of drugs, unlike other studies, in the Colombian population an association was found only with the previous administration of cyclophosphamide. In addition, patients with invasive fungal infections and systemic lupus erythematosus had a higher prevalence of mortality and hospital readmission compared with patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without invasive fungal infection.
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Narang, Himanshi, and Amit Patil. "Autopsy dissection techniques and investigations in deaths due to COVID-19 triggered fungal infections - A diagnostic review." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2021.043.

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The COVID-19 pandemic, which originated from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread worldwide, including India. As India grappled with the second wave, COVID-triggered fungal infection has suddenly risen tremendously, raising a sense of panic in the country. The fungal infection in COVID-19 includes Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis, as common fungal infections primarily affecting rhino-orbital structures. Many research papers have published postmortem findings in autopsies conducted on COVID-19 decedents, thereby helping to understand this contagious disease's pathogenesis. But, with the arrival of COVID-triggered fungal infection, which is a crucial invasive disease responsible for fatality, very few research papers have commented on the postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections affecting the rhino-orbital and craniocerebral structures in COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, the role of invasive fungal infection due to COVID-19 illness must be established in the causation of deaths in COVID-19 patients. This review research deals with autopsy dissection techniques and possible postmortem findings of invasive fungal infections involving the nasal and paranasal sinuses and orbital structures in COVID-19 deaths. The findings of fungal infection affecting nasal and paranasal systems may not differ in live patients and in a deceased; however, it is essential that correct interpretation of the postmortem findings aided by pre-or post-autopsy investigations is necessary to establish the role of covid triggered fungal infection in such deaths.
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Barbui, Anna Maria, Corrado Girmenia, and Giorgio Limerutti. "Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections." Reviews in Health Care 3, no. 1S (October 29, 2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.42931s15-25.

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A proper diagnostic strategy of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is a very important component in the management of infectious complications in hematological patients. A good diagnostic approach should be adapted to the patient in relation to the underlying disease, stage of disease, localization of infection and immune status. None of the diagnostic markers can be entirely adopted for medical decision making, and sometimes it’s useful to use the combination of several microbiological tests.The diagnosis of IFI must therefore have a multidisciplinary approach that includes clinical suspicion, microbiological results and radiological evidence.
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Barbui, Anna Maria, Corrado Girmenia, and Giorgio Limerutti. "Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections." Reviews in Health Care 3, no. 1S (October 29, 2012): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i1s.429.

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A proper diagnostic strategy of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is a very important component in the management of infectious complications in hematological patients. A good diagnostic approach should be adapted to the patient in relation to the underlying disease, stage of disease, localization of infection and immune status. None of the diagnostic markers can be entirely adopted for medical decision making, and sometimes it’s useful to use the combination of several microbiological tests.The diagnosis of IFI must therefore have a multidisciplinary approach that includes clinical suspicion, microbiological results and radiological evidence.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invasive fungal infection"

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Lanternier, Fanny. "Invasive fungal infections and CARD9 deficiency." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T082.

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Les infections fongiques invasives, sont des infections sévères grevées d’une lourde mortalité. Elles sont actuellement un problème majeur de santé publique et leur incidence augmente. Les candidémies représentent la quatrième cause d’infection hématogène nosocomiale aux Etats-Unis, les cryptococcoses sont responsables de 600 000 décès chaque année en Afrique et l’aspergillose invasive infecte 10% des patients transplantés de cellules souches. La mortalité de ces infections reste élevée avec des taux de mortalité de 50, 15 et 40% respectivement. L’augmentation de leur incidence est due à l’accroissement des populations immunodéprimées à risque de développer des infections fongiques en raison de l’augmentation des thérapeutiques immunosuppressives et de l’allongement de la durée de vie des patients immunodéprimés. Les infections fongiques invasives surviennent chez des patients immunodéprimés, majoritairement dans un contexte d’immunodépression acquise (neutropénie, chimiothérapie, greffe de cellules souches périphériques ou transplantation d’organe solide, diabète, infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine), mais également secondairement à un déficit immunitaire héréditaire (granulomatose septique chronique, déficit immunitaire combiné, neutropénie congénitale, défaut de l’axe IFNγ-IL12). Cependant certains patients développent des infections fongiques invasives sans immunodépression ou facteurs de risques identifiés. Nous avons donc émis l’hypothèse que ces infections avaient possiblement une origine génétique non identifiée. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai étudié une cohorte de patients présentant des infections fongiques invasives sans facteur favorisant identifié afin de rechercher une étiologie génétique à ces infections. Le premier groupe de patients que j’ai étudié présentait une dermatophytose invasive ou dermatophytose profonde sans immunodépression. Contrairement à la dermatophytose superficielle, en général bénigne et fréquente dans la population générale; la dermatophytose profonde est une infection rare, invasive et sévère, dans laquelle les dermatophytes (qui sont des champignons filamenteux) envahissent les tissus dermiques et hypodermiques, les ganglions et parfois les organes profonds. Les patients que j’ai étudié étaient tous originaires d’Afrique du Nord, pour la plupart issus de familles consanguines, dont certains avec des cas multiples. Ces observations suggéraient une origine génétique de la dermatophytose profonde avec une hérédité probablement récessive. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai étudié les caractéristiques cliniques, immunologiques et génétiques de 18 patients atteints d’une dermatophytose profonde, issus de neuf familles Marocaines, Algériennes, Tunisiennes ou Egyptiennes. En parallèle, j’ai étudié des patients ayant présenté des infections fongiques avec localisations cérébrales. L’une de ces patients a présenté des abcès cérébraux suite à une infection disséminée à Exophiala dermatitidis et trois patients ont développé des infections du système nerveux central à Candida spp.. Les infections invasives à Exophiala dermatitidis sont des infections rares, avec de fréquentes atteintes du système nerveux central, survenant majoritairement chez des patients sans déficit immunitaire identifié suggérant l’existence d’une origine génétique probable méconnue chez ces patients. Les candidoses invasives surviennent habituellement chez des patients neutropéniques, ayant récemment subi une intervention chirurgicale ou étant porteurs d’un cathéter intraveineux. Parmi les candidoses invasives, les localisations au système nerveux central sont rares, et classiquement rapportées chez des nouveau-nés prématurés ou suite à une intervention neurochirurgicale. J’ai par ailleurs étudié une patiente ayant développé des infections invasives des tissus sous-cutanés et des adénopathies dues à un champignon filamenteux. (...)
Invasive fungal diseases are a major health problem as they are severe infections complicated with high mortality rates and with rising incidence. Invasive fungal diseases occur mainly in patients with acquired immunodeficiencies, but also with primary immunodeficiencies (chronic granulomatous disease, defect in IFN-ϒ/IL-12 axis, congenital neutropenia). However, few patients develop invasive fungal disease without known risk factor. We therefore hypothesized that these infections probably have an unidentified genetic etiology. I studied a cohort of patients who developed invasive fungal diseases without risk factors and searched for a genetic etiology to their infections. The first group of patients presented with deep dermatophytosis without known immunodeficiency. Deep dermatophytosis is a rare, invasive and severe infection where dermatophytes invade dermis, hypodermis, lymph nodes and sometimes deep organs. I could study clinical, immunological and genetic characteristics of 18 patients from nine families who presented deep dermatophytosis. I also studied patients who developed central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections; one patient with CNS Exophiala dermatitidis infection and three patients with CNS Candida spp. infection. Invasive E. dermatitidis infections are rare, with frequent CNS location, mainly reported in patients without known immunodeficiencies, suggesting a potential unknown genetic etiology in these patients. CNS candidiasis are also rare infections usually occuring in preterm neonates or following neurosurgery. Based on literature data previously reporting a large consanguineous Iranian family with CARD9 deficiency that developed chronic mucocutaneous and central nervous system candidiasis; according to candidate gene approach, I sequenced CARD9 in all patients. CARD9 is an adaptor protein expressed by myeloid cells that signals downstream Dectin-1 and Dectin2 that are the main Pattern Recognotion Receptor implicated in antifungal immunity. I identified in all studied patients homozygous CARD9 mutations. Among 18 patients with deep dermatophytosis, 16 had homozygous nonsense Q289X and two homozygous missense R101C mutation in CARD9. I identified R18W, R35Q and R70W homozygous missense mutations in the patients who developed E. dermatitidis and two patients who developed CNS candidiasis, respectively. Transmission was autosomal recessive for all patients, except for the one with E. dermatitidis infection who had an uniparental disomy. In contrast with controls, CARD9 expression is abolished in Q289X, reduced in R70W and normal in R18W patients’ myeloid cells. CARD9 deficient patients whole blood and dendritic cells display a selective response defect to Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; with IL-6 and TNF-α production impairment after Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulation. This defect can explain elective fungal susceptibility of CARD9 deficient patients to invasive fungal infections. This work evidenced that CARD9 deficiency was the main genetic etiology of deep dermatophytosis. It also could evidence that CARD9 deficiency is associated with Exophiala dermatitidis and Candida spp. CNS infections. This susceptibility is associated with proinflammatory cytokines defect by dendritic cells and whole blood to fungal agents. Various fungal clinical phenotypes in CARD9 deficient patients assess CARD9 central role in skin and central nervous system antifungal immunity
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Murrell, Derek, John B. Bossaer, Ronald Carico, Sam Harirforoosh, and David Cluck. "Isavuconazonium Sulfate: A Triazole Prodrug for Invasive Fungal Infections." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12302.

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Objective: To review the place in therapy of isavuconazole, the active metabolite of isavuconazonium sulfate, via a review of the available literature on drug chemistry, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile and trials assessing clinical efficacy and safety. Methods: Relevant data, original research articles and reviews, were gathered primarily through the use of a PubMed database search. The search was conducted without date restrictions in order to collect both historical and recent data regarding isavuconazole. Key findings: Isavuconazole is a triazole currently approved not only for use in invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis but also has demonstrable activity against Candida species and other common fungal pathogens. This drug has features which make it more clinically appealing compared to other azoles with similar indications. In specific, isavuconazole does not require a cyclodextrin vehicle due to its water solubility, and at present, does not require therapeutic drug monitoring. Moreover, isavuconazole has displayed improved safety and tolerability compared to voriconazole. Available data from Phase III clinical trials shows isavuconazole to be a possible therapeutic option to currently available therapies for which it is approved; however, clinical conclusions should be reserved until results have been published and more data from clinical use is reported. Conclusions: Isavuconazole is a new triazole with broad‐spectrum antifungal activity including invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis.
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Workman, Rachael Elizabeth. "Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Infection and Common Mycelial Network Formation on Invasive Plant Competition." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2025.

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Understanding the biotic factors influencing invasive plant performance is essential for managing invaded land and preventing further exotic establishment and spread. I studied how competition between both conspecifics and native co-habitants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) impacted the success of the invasive bunchgrass Brachypodium sylvaticumin early growth stages. I examined whether invasive plants performed and competed differently when grown in soil containing AMF from adjacent invaded and noninvaded ranges in order to determine the contribution of AMF to both monoculture stability and spread of the invasive to noninvaded territory. I also directly manipulated common mycelial network (CMN) formation by AMF to determine hyphal network contribution to competitive interactions. I found that invasive plants performed most poorly (as indicated by decreased chlorophyll content, size and shoot dry mass) in invaded range soil against conspecifics. This could be two-pronged evidence for existing biotic pressure on the invasives to expand into adjacent noninvaded ranges. I also found a negative effect of AMF colonization and invasive plant performance, potentially indicating deleterious plant-soil feedbacks which could help maintain plant biodiversity at a community level. CMN effects were found to be interactive with root competition and directly affected the performance and nutrient status of B. sylvaticum. Although no direct correlations between AMF colonization levels and competition were found, CMN presence contributed significantly to plant growth and nutrient status. Therefore AMF, through infection and CMN formation, may be able to influence invasive plant growth and spread in the field.
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McLintock, Lorna. "Genetic predisposition to, prevention and early diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in haemato-oncology patients." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433620.

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McMullan, R. "The diagnosis of invasive fungal infection in critically-ill patients using real-time PCR technology." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446125.

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Brunet, Kévin. "Optimisation du traitement préventif et curatif de la mucormycose pulmonaire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1802.

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La mucormycose pulmonaire est une infection fongique invasive grave affectant les patients immunodéprimés. Le traitement de référence fait appel à l’amphotéricine B (AmB) liposomale mais reste peu efficace avec environ 50% de mortalité malgré celui-ci. Le but de cette thèse était d’optimiser le traitement préventif et curatif de la mucormycose pulmonaire. Pour cela, cette thèse a été structurée en 2 axes, un axe préventif puis un axe curatif, eux-mêmes divisés en deux sous-parties.La première partie de l’axe « préventif » s’intéressait au phénomène de réactivation des infections fongiques invasives. Ce concept a été décrit dans un premier article. Son postulat est le suivant : suite à une primo-infection asymptomatique, une seconde infection peut se produire à distance à la faveur d’une immunodépression. Un modèle murin a été développé pour reproduire ce concept et évaluer l’intérêt de l’AmB en décolonisation pour prévenir ce phénomène de réactivation. L’AmB en décolonisation s’est révélé efficace pour prévenir la survenue de la maladie.La seconde partie de cet axe avait pour but d’étudier le rôle des corticoïdes dans la physiopathologie de l’infection. Pour ce faire, un modèle ex vivo qui consiste à administrer des corticoïdes à des souris, puis à récupérer les cellules pulmonaires par lavage broncho-alvéolaire a été mis au point. Les perturbations induites par les corticoïdes sur les cellules immunitaires ont ensuite été étudiées in vitro. Les corticoïdes ont diminué la capacité globale des macrophages alvéolaires à inhiber la filamentation du champignon, diminué la capacité de phagocytose des macrophages alvéolaires et leur capacité de « killing » oxydatif.La première partie de l’axe « curatif » a consisté à développer un modèle murin de mucormycose pulmonaire aigüe afin d’étudier la physiopathologie de cette infection. Ce modèle a été caractérisé sur les plans histologiques et immunitaires et permettra d’explorer la relation champignon-hôte-antifongique. La seconde partie de cet axe a permis d’évaluer in vitro des associations entre AmB et diverses molécules afin d’améliorer l’efficacité de l’AmB. Ces combinaisons ont été testées par technique de chequerboard sur différentes souches de Mucorales. Après avoir passé au crible 20 candidats (antibiotiques, antifongiques, alcools terpéniques, tensioactifs), un a été identifié, le PEG15HS, qui permet de diminuer les concentrations minimales inhibitrices d’AmB
Pulmonary mucormycosis are life-threatening invasive fungal infections affecting immunocompromised patients. First-line treatment is based on liposomal amphotericin B (AmB). Despite treatment, mortality remains high. The aim of this thesis was to optimize preventive and curative treatments of pulmonary mucormycosis. This thesis was divided in 2 axes, curative and preventive, themselves divided in two parts.The first aim of preventive axis was to study reactivation of mucormycosis. This concept was described in a first publication. Fungi can remain latent after an asymptomatic primary infection. After a latency period, they may be reactivated in the event of major immune deficiency leading to symptomatic infection. A mouse model was developed to reproduce this concept and assess AmB as decolonizing treatment. Decolonization using AmB was effective to prevent the disease.In the second part of this axis, the role of corticosteroids in infection pathophysiology was studied. An ex vivo model was developed to expose mouse alveolar macrophages to an infection-triggering dose of corticosteroids. In this model, corticosteroids were administered to naive mice, and then alveolar macrophages were collected by bronchoalveolar lavage. Alterations induced by corticosteroids on alveolar macrophages co-incubated with fungal spores were then studied in vitro. Corticosteroids decreased alveolar macrophage capacity to control fungal growth through phagocytosis and oxidative burst alterations.In the first part of curative axis, an acute pulmonary mucormycosis model was developed to study physiopathology of this infection. This model will be used to explore fungal-host-antifungal relationship.In the second part of this axis, in vitro combinations using AmB and several compounds were evaluated in order to improve AmB efficacy. These combinations were tested by checkerboard assays on several strains of Mucorales. After screening of 20 compounds (antibiotics, antifungal agents, terpene alcohols, surfactants), a candidate was identified, PEG15HS, which decreased AmB minimum inhibitory concentrations
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SILVA, Carolina Maria da. "Infecções fúngicas invasivas em neonatos, epidemiologia e perfil de susceptibilidade antifúngica dos agentes etiológicos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15652.

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Infecções fúngicas invasivas têm se tornado cada vez mais freqüentes em neonatos, principalmente devido ao aumento da sobrevivência de prematuros e a deficiência do sistema imune. Dessa forma, torna-se relevante o conhecimento dos fatores epidemiológicos e susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos, uma vez que permitem o melhor conhecimento dos fatores associados à doença e a resistência dos agentes etiológicos, além da concentração ideal do medicamento a ser administrado para inibir e /ou matar o agente causal da infecção. Nesse contexto, os objetivos deste estudo foram diagnosticar candidemia em neonatos, associando os fatores epidemiológicos predisponentes e o perfil de susceptibilidade às drogas antifúngicas dos agentes etiológicos. No período de março de 2010 a julho de 2011, foram feitas coletas das amostras clínicas em neonatos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital Agamenon Magalhães e do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira. O diagnóstico micológico foi realizado através do exame direto, cultura e identificação dos agentes etiológicos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 301 pacientes e isoladas 30 culturas, sendo identificadas Candida albicans (11), C. parapsilosis (11), C. pelliculosa (5), C. glabrata (1), C. guilliermondii (1) e C. tropicalis (1). Dos 30 pacientes com hemoculturas positivas para fungos, 90% eram pré-termos, 60% do sexo masculino, 93,4% possuíam peso ao nascer inferior a 2,5kg e as condições clínicas mais associadas foram icterícia e síndrome do desconforto respiratório. A grande maioria dos pacientes fazia uso de dispositivo terapêutico invasivo, destacando-se nutrição parenteral (96,7%) e cateterismo umbilical (73,3%). Quanto à susceptibilidade antifúngica todos os isolados de levedura foram sensíveis a anfotericina B, porém foi observada resistência ao fluconazol e voriconazol, principalmente por C. albicans, e 7 dos 11 isolados de C. parapsilosis foram resistentes a anidulafungina. As infecções fúngicas invasivas são frequentes em neonatos, permanecendo as espécies de Candida como as mais isoladas. Pacientes prematuros de baixo peso e que fazem uso de dispositivos invasivos são os mais acometidos, o conhecimento destes dados aliados aos resultados de susceptibilidade antifúngica in vitro possibilitam a prevenção e o tratamento mais adequado destas infecções.
Invasive fungal infections have become increasingly frequent in neonates, due to the increased survival of premature and disability of the immune system. The knowledge of epidemiological factors of these infections, as well as testing susceptibility to antifungal agents is relevant in this group of patients, because they allow a better understanding of the factors associated with the disease, the evaluation of the occurrence of fungal resistance, and the optimal concentration of the drug to be administered to inhibit and / or kill the agent of infection. In this context, the objectives of our study were to detect candidemia in neonates, the epidemiological factors associated with these infections and determine the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolates. The samples were collected in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units from Agamenon Magalhães Hospital and Institute of Integrative Medicine Fernando Figueira, according to the medical request, from March 2010 to July 2011. The samples were manipulated to perform the direct examination and culture and then purified and identified. Samples were collected from 301 patients and we had isolated yeasts in 30 samples of blood , they were identified as Candida albicans (11), C. parapsilosis (11), C. pelliculosa (5), C. glabrata (1), C. guilliermondii (1), C. tropicalis (1). Of the 30 patients with positive blood cultures for fungi, 90% were preterm, 60% male, 93.4% had birth weight below 2.5 kg and the more usual conditions associated were clinical jaundice and respiratory distress syndrome. The vast majority of patients used invasive therapeutic device, especially parenteral nutrition (96.7%) and umbilical catheterization (73.3%). The antifungal susceptibility showed that all isolates were sensible to amphotericin B but some were resistente to fluconazole and voriconazole, mainly species of C. albicans, and 7 of 11 isolates of C. parapsilosis were resistant to anidulafungin. Invasive fungal infections are common in neonates, remaining Candida species as the most isolated. Preterm infants with low birth weight and use of invasive devices are the most affected and this knowledge combined with the in vitro antifungal susceptibility results enables a better prevention and treatment of these infections.
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Oladele, Rita. "Current status of serious fungal infections in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/current-status-of-serious-fungal-infections-in-nigeria(651aa7da-fdb1-488c-991d-b5403be67d3d).html.

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Fungal infections are ignored by social and political communities. However, they are estimated to affect more than a billion people, resulting in approximately 11.5 million life-threatening infections in the 'at risk' population and more than 1.5 million deaths annually. Though there have been huge advances in diagnostics and antifungal drug development over the past two decades, however, resource limited settings have not benefited from these advances. The aim of this research was to determine the burden of serious fungal infections in Nigerians with the appropriate underlying diseases. This epidemiological research was conducted across four study populations. Study 1; HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts < 250 cells/mm³, irrespective of their ART status, a CrAg lateral flow assay was used for detecting cryptococcal antigenaemia (n=214). Study 2; a cross-sectional multicentre survey of TB patients being managed for smear negative or treatment failure TB irrespective of their HIV status (n=208). Study 3; a multicentre histoplasmin skin sensitivity survey amongst healthy HIV-infected and non-HIV infected participants; intradermally; induration ≥ 5 mm was considered to be histoplasmin positive (n=750). Study 4; a prospective cohort study of critically ill patients in a Nigerian ICU (n=71). Two retrospective studies to analyse the clinical picture of serious fungal infections in two at risk populations (HIV/AIDS and neonatal intensive care babies) in Nigerians was also conducted (n=7034; n=2712 respectively). Results revealed an overall seroprevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia of 8.9% with 6 (9.8%) in those with CD4+ cell counts < 100cells/mm³, 4 (5.0%) in the 100-200 group and 9 (12.3%) in 200-250 cells/mm³ group; a CPA prevalence of 8.7% (6.5% had HIV infection and 14.5% were HIV-negative) and a prior subclinical histoplasmosis of 4.4%. The ICU study revealed a 45% healthcare associated infection rate representing an incidence rate of 79/1000 patient-days in the ICU. The retrospective studies revealed a 2.3% rate of neonatal ICI with a case fatality rate of 18.5%. In the 12 years retrospective study 18% had a fungal OI with 88% of patients having initiated ART. In conclusion, serious fungal infections do occur in the at risk population in Nigeria and they constitute a significant public health challenge. Our findings demonstrate that there has been an underestimation of the burden of the problem in Nigerians. There is a dire need to design guidelines for the management of fungal infections in at risk population.
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Denis, Blandine. "Epidemiology of fungal infections in HIV infected individuals in France : P jirovecii pneumonia and invasive aspergillosis in FHDH ANRS CO4." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066109/document.

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Depuis la disponibilité des combinaisons antirétrovirales (cART) en 1996, l’incidence des infections opportunistes classantes SIDA (IO), dont la pneumocystose (PCP) a très fortement diminué. Malgré tout, chez les patients infectés par le VIH, la PCP était la 2ème IO la + fréquente en France en 2001-2003 et les infections fongiques, avec 1 million de nouveaux cas/an de cryptococcose, restent un problème de santé publique majeur au niveau mondial. Cependant, depuis l’ère des cART, très peu de recherches épidémiologiques sur les infections fongiques dans les pays industrialisés ont été entreprises. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons mené une étude épidémiologique de 2 infections fongiques chez les patients infectés par le VIH en France sur la French Hospital Database on HIV ANRS CO4 (FHDH) : la pneumocystose et l’aspergillose invasive. Concernant la pneumocystose, sur la période 2004-2011, dans la base FHDH, la moitié des 1259 cas de PCP étaient survenus chez des patients qui avaient interrompus leur suivi, et, pour ceux qui avaient déjà eu une IO avant la PCP, leur mortalité était de 25% à 3 ans. Pour l’aspergillose invasive (AI), après un retour national aux dossiers des cas déclarés sur 20 ans sur la base FHDH, un comité d’experts a validé 242 cas d’AI. Les données montrent que, chez les patients infectés par le VIH, seulement la moitié des AI validées répondaient aux critères EORTC. La mortalité à 3 mois après une AI s’est améliorée après l’ère des cART et un rôle protecteur du voriconazole sur la survie à 3 mois a également été démontré pour la 1ère fois chez les patients infectés par le VIH
The advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in 1996 resulted in a dramatic fall in the incidence of AIDS-defining illness (ADI), including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). Nevertheless, PCP was the second most frequent ADI in France in 2001-2003 and fungal infections remain a major threat for HIV-infected individuals worldwide. Epidemiological data on fungal infections in the late cART period in resource-rich settings are scarce. The purpose of our work was to study changes in the epidemiology of fungal infections among HIV-infected individuals in France in the late cART period, focusing on PCP and invasive aspergillosis (IA) in the French Hospital Database on HIV ANRS CO4 (FHDH). In the FHDH, during the 2004-2011 period, half of the 1259 PCP cases occurred among HIV-infected individuals who had waning adherence to care, and for those who had a prior ADI before PCP the 3-year mortality rate was 25%. For the second study on IA, a review committee validated IA cases among all the cases that included a diagnostic code for aspergillosis (ICD-9 or ICD-10) in the FHDH over a 20-year period. Our study demonstrated that only half of validated IA cases among HIV-infected individuals met EORTC criteria. The 3-months survival rate after IA diagnosis improved after the advent of cART and a protective role of voriconazole was observed in the period after 2001
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Salmanton-Garcia, Jon [Verfasser], Harald [Gutachter] Seifert, and Dirk [Gutachter] Stippel. "The challenge of improving the clinical management of rare invasive fungal infections / Jon Salmanton-Garcia ; Gutachter: Harald Seifert, Dirk Stippel." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220298255/34.

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Books on the topic "Invasive fungal infection"

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Kalkum, Markus, and Margarita Semis, eds. Vaccines for Invasive Fungal Infections. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7104-6.

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W, Denning David, Dupont Bertrand, and Pauw B. de, eds. Invasive fungal infection. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press, 1999.

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Todd, Stacy, and Nick Beeching. Fungal infection. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0315.

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Fungi, comprising yeasts, moulds, and higher fungi, have a worldwide distribution and are uncommon causes of disease in healthy individuals. However, over the last 20 years, invasive fungal disease (IFD) has become an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. This is probably due to the increasing numbers of patients with underlying host conditions, which predispose to opportunistic IFD (e.g. transplant and anti-tumour necrosis factor immunosuppression, HIV, or chronic lung disease), and to increased recognition of endemic IFD (e.g. histoplasmosis), which cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts in selected geographic locations. Diagnosis of IFD remains a challenge. Symptoms are often non-specific, and a definite diagnosis requires invasive sampling with appropriate laboratory testing of these samples. Non-invasive tests are being developed, but their positive and negative predictive values still need validation. Diagnostic criteria (‘proven, probable, and possible’) established primarily for use in research and clinical trials can also prove useful in clinical environments. However, the most important step in identifying patients with IFD is to consider the diagnosis in those at risk. This chapter will focus on the commonest causes of IFD (Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp., and histoplasmosis).
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Invasive Fungal Infection (Round Table Series (RTS)). Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, 1999.

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Lester, Rebecca, and John Rex. Fungaemia and disseminated infection. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0025.

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Invasive fungal disease can present without localization or obvious target organ involvement. These disseminated mycoses occur predominantly in patients who are immunocompromised, particularly from haematological malignancy and HIV. Candidiasis and aspergillosis are the commonest forms of disseminated fungal infection worldwide, but an increasing number of non-Candida yeasts and non-Aspergillus moulds have emerged as important causes of invasive disease in recent years. Endemic fungi such as Histoplasma capsulatum are important causes of invasive disease within limited geographic regions. Fever is the commonest manifestation of disseminated fungal infection, but other clinical features such as cutaneous manifestations may point to a specific diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis relies on the detection of fungi in tissue or blood, but serological tests can augment diagnosis in some infections. Mortality from disseminated fungal disease is high and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy—where invasive disease is suspected—is essential.
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Koehler, Philipp, and Oliver A. Cornely. Fungal infections in haemato-oncology. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0032.

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Invasive fungal infections on haemato-oncology wards present a major challenge. Patients at risk for invasive fungal infection usually have a compromised immune system due to bone marrow failure caused by underlying disease, prolonged neutropenia after intensive chemotherapy, or immunosuppression after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation to avoid graft-versus-host disease. Three major entities—invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis—account for the majority of fungal infections. Here, we describe specific host and therapeutic factors predisposing to invasive fungal infection in the haemato-oncology setting. Clinical presentation is highly variable and dependent on the underlying pathogen, organ involvement, and site of infection. Diagnosis is mainly based on radiographic imaging combined with microbiological and histopathological work-up. Various prophylaxis and treatment strategies have been developed, and the evidence for these is discussed.
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James, Darius Armstrong, Anand Shah, and Anna Reed. Fungal infections in solid organ transplantation. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0034.

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Fungal infections are a significant and life-threatening complication of organ transplantation, on a global scale. Risk varies according to transplant type, with liver, lung, and small bowel transplant recipients being at particular risk. Whilst invasive candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in organ transplantation overall, aspergillosis is a particular problem in lung transplantation. In addition, a wide spectrum of fungi may cause invasive disease in organ transplantation, consequently diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Key challenges are to understand individual risk for infection, appropriate prophylactic strategies, and molecular diagnostic approaches. Treatment options are complicated by drug–drug interactions with transplant therapy, as well as intrinsic allograft dysfunction seen in many patients. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of fungal infections in solid organ transplantation.
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Schelenz, Silke. Fungal diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0026.

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Fungal diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can occur because of an overgrowth of yeast in the gut, exposure to contaminated food and water, or as part of disseminated invasive fungal infections from other sites. The extent of the disease depends on the underlying risk factors, such as diabetes or immunosuppression, and ranges from colonization, localized infection, or fungaemia, to aggressive life-threatening GI tract infections. Candida spp. are the commonest cause of mucosal infection, although mould infections are increasingly reported. Serious invasive mould infections are difficult to diagnose as symptoms are often non-specific. Early recognition, prompt antifungal treatment, and surgical intervention can be lifesaving.
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Chakrabarti, Arunaloke. Fungal diseases of the ear, nose, and throat. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0024.

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Fungal infection of the ear (otomycosis), nose (fungal rhinosinusitis), and throat (oropharyngeal candidiasis) are common diseases. Fungal laryngeal diseases and invasive otomycosis & acute fungal rhinosinusitis are much less common and occur in immunosuppressed hosts, including those with diabetes. Aspergillus and Candida spp. are the commonest causes of otomycosis, whilst Aspergillus spp. predominate in sinus disease, with members of the Mucorales also causing serious invasive infections. Management of the non-invasive conditions can be difficult, and otomycosis and rhinosinusitis often become chronic. Invasive disease usually requires surgical intervention along with appropriate antifungal therapy. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has a mortality of approximately 50%.
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Mack, Damien, Simon Warren, Shara Palanivel, and Christopher P. Conlon. Fungal bone and joint infections. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0020.

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Although fungal infections of bones and joints are rare, the increasing incidence of invasive fungal disease, along with an increased population of immunosuppressed patients and individuals with multiple comorbidities, means that these infections are also increasing. The most common organisms are Candida and Aspergillus species, although the endemic dimorphic fungi are responsible for significant numbers of cases in some parts of the world. Most infections occur following haematogenous spread, but invasion from contiguous infection occurs, as does direct inoculation after trauma or surgery. Clinical presentations differ somewhat between children and adults, with the latter more likely to have vertebral osteomyelitis. Clinical presentations may be subtle, often without fever or raised inflammatory markers, and diagnosis may be delayed as a consequence. Diagnosis rests on clinical suspicion coupled with the need to obtain tissue for culture and for histology. Appropriate antifungal therapy usually needs to be prolonged and combined with surgical debridement.
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Book chapters on the topic "Invasive fungal infection"

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Schahawi, Magda Diab-El. "Infection Control to Reduce Invasive Fungal Infections." In Clinically Relevant Mycoses, 179–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92300-0_11.

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MacCallum, Donna M. "Mouse Model of Invasive Fungal Infection." In Mouse Models of Innate Immunity, 145–53. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-481-4_17.

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Kumar, Ravindra, and Rajrani Ruhel. "Emergence of Invasive Fungal Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment in Humans." In Fungal Biology, 131–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18586-2_9.

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Zaragoza, Rafael, Javier Pemán, Miguel Salavert, Amparo Solé, Isidro Jarque, Emilio Monte, Eva Romá, and Emilia Cantón. "Role of De-Escalation and Combination Therapy Strategies in the Management of Invasive Fungal Infection: A Multidisciplinary Point of View." In Combating Fungal Infections, 241–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12173-9_11.

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Money, Nicholas P. "Mechanics of Invasive Fungal Growth and the Significance of Turgor in Plant Infection." In Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in Plant Disease, 261–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5218-1_29.

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Siddiqui, Javeed. "Invasive Fungal Infections." In Management of Antimicrobials in Infectious Diseases, 127–47. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-239-1_7.

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Maertens, Johan A. "Invasive Fungal Infections." In The EBMT Handbook, 273–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02278-5_37.

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Gronthoud, Firza Alexander. "Diagnosing Invasive Fungal Infections." In Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 42–47. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315194080-2-4.

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Groll, Andreas, Romana Klasinc, and Luigi Segagni-Lusignani. "Pediatric Invasive Fungal Infections." In Clinically Relevant Mycoses, 187–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92300-0_12.

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Smith, Ilka McCormick, and Volker Rickerts. "Identification of Fungal Pathogens in Tissue Samples from Patients with Proven Invasive Infection by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 281–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6515-1_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Invasive fungal infection"

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Hung, Chen-Yiu, and Kuo-Chin Kao. "Invasive Fungal Infection Among HSCT Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation In ICI." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a3151.

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Dang, Dan, Xin Mu, Jian Tang, Shuhan Huang, and Hui Wu. "A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Invasive Fungal Infection in the Preterm Infants." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modelling and Statistics Application (AMMSA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ammsa-18.2018.17.

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Kumaresan, Pappanaicken R., Nathaniel Albert, Harjeet Singh, Simon Olivares, Sourindra N. Maiti, Tiejuan Mi, Helen Huls, Richard E. Champlin, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, and Laurence J. N. Cooper. "Abstract A193: Bioengineered Dectin-1 CAR+ T cells to control invasive fungal infection." In Abstracts: CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr15-a193.

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Youssef, Ahmed, Ahmed Samir, and Abd El Rahman Ahmed El Tahan. "Early CT and MRI Signs of Invasive Fungal Sinusitis Complicating COVID-19 Infection Managed by Corticosteroids." In 31st Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743878.

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Halder, Ankita, Soumitra Masani, and Asha Mukherjee. "774 Invasive fungal infection among outborn babies admitted to a tertiary care neonatal unit in kolkata – a case series." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.191.

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Freijanes, Loise Maria de Souza, Elisa Yuki Kurosawa Ueda, Paola Restum Antonio Lemaitre, and Isabela Pierotti Prado. "Cerebral Aspergillosis: Literature Review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.161.

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Background: Cerebral Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection. It reaches by a hematogenous pathway or by paranasal sinuses. Furthermore, the diagnosis is delayed due to the nonspecific clinical signs. Objectives: This study aims to highlight cerebral invasive aspergillosis as a diagnostic hypothesis in a difficult-to-diagnose and nonspecific neurological clinical scenario. Design and setting: This is a literature review from the Escola de Medicina Souza Marques‘s students, Brazil. Methods: The used articles were published between 2016 to 2021, from UpToDate, Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, Elsevier, and Google Academic databases. Results: In immunosuppressed individuals, it manifests as single or multiple brain abscesses with vascular invasion, posing as a life-threatening factor. Immunocompetent patients may respond differently, presenting with meningitis or granulomatous mass, associated with seizures, headache, and visual acuity impairment. MRI or PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is the most used for diagnosis. T2 hypodensity, irregular margins with intracavitary projections on MRI, and absence of the choline peak suggest a fungal etiology. The histopathological study is not common in clinical practice. The recommended treatment is voriconazole in association with echinocandins, for 6 to 12 weeks. Notably, the mortality rate of cerebral aspergillosis in patients who are taking Ibrutinib for other conditions is close to 90%. Conclusion: Therefore it is essential to recognize the complication to avoid morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals.
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Manca, Camilla, Alexandre Candolo, Cintia Albino, Emerson Rafael Lopes, João Victor Feliciano, Laila Fortunato, and Murilo Moura. "INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTION BY TRICHOSPORON ASAHII IN A PATIENT SUBMITTED TO HAPLOIDENTICAL HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION FOR RELAPSED ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA." In Anual Meeting of the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation. Journal of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46765/2675-374x.2020v3n1.

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Souza, Matheus Fellipe Nascimento de, Ana Paula Teixeira da Silva, Gabriela Santos Bianchin, Maria Eduarda Angelo de Mendonça Fileti, Raddib Eduardo Noleto da Nóbrega de Oliveira, Rafael Pereira Guimarães, Thábata Emanuelle Martins Nunes, Gustavo da Cunha Ribas, Carla Heloísa Cabral Moro, and Alexandre Luiz Longo. "Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with pulmonary and central nervous system involvement: a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.559.

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Context: Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum) is a systemic disease that affects the lung and immune system1. The severity of histoplasmosis is directly related to the individual’s immune response since it is an opportunistic pathogen2. It is one of the most prevalent infections in immunocompromised patients due to the use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors, resulting in a mortality rate of 20%. The evolution to CNS occurs in 5-10% of patients with disseminated symptoms3. Case Report: M.G.M, a woman, 67 years, was admitted with bilateral tonicclonic seizure with focal onset in the right upper limb. The patient had hypertension, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, and was use ASA, glibenclamide, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, amlodipine, adalimumab and methotrexate. Complementary exams were performed that showed lesions suggestive of microangiopathy on cranial CT; nodular lesions in the pulmonary right upper lobe and prominent lymph nodes in the hilum and mediastinum on chest CT; CSF with increased cytology (monomorphonuclear predominance), without glucose consumption. The biopsy of lung lesions identified Histoplasma capsulatum, confirming the diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with pulmonary and CNS involvement. Thus, treatment with amphotericin B was started, however, the patient died. Conclusions: Histoplasmosis is the most prevalent invasive fungal infection in users of TNF-alpha inhibitors. In these cases, the disease can be more aggressive and have a rapid evolution, with CNS involvement - which confers a worse prognosis. Early diagnosis, suspension of the immunomodulator and adequate treatment for infection control are required.
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Saleh, Iman, and Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh. "Novel Prosopis Juliflora Leaf Ethanolic extract as natural Antifungal agent against Botrytis Cinerea: Application on Strawberries’ shelf-life extension." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0044.

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Spoilage from fresh produces is a worldwide concern that accompanies the global increase in food demand. Adverse human health and environmental effects of commercial pesticides is a major public concern. Botrytis cinerea is one of the top ten pathogens that affect fresh produce including strawberries’ shelf-life around the world. Botrytis cinerea can progress easily from infected fruits to healthy ones even at low storage temperatures, which can lead to spoilage of entire lots in few weeks. Strawberries are widely consumed raw berries, which are famous in their processed forms such as jam and juices. The delicate fruit has a very short postharvest life. It is susceptible to mechanical injuries, fast dehydration and fungal infection. Prosopis juliflora is an invasive tree in many countries including Qatar. In this report, the Prosopis juliflora water soluble leaves ethanolic (PJ-WS-LE) novel extraction method will be described with an evaluation of its effectiveness as antifungal agent and possible coating material for shelf-life extension. PJ-WS-LE extract showed total inhibition of Botrytis cinerea growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1mg/ml. Exposure to the extract affected badly the structure of the hyphal fungi. The extract extended also strawberries’ shelf-life by 2.32X. PJ-WS-LE extract will be chemically described and its effectiveness in the extension of other fresh produces’ shelf-life will be evaluated.
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Öncel, Asli, Yahya Buyukasik, Omrum Uzun, Ahmet Ugur Demir, and Lutfi Coplu. "Invasive fungal infections in acute leukemia patients." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa1882.

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Reports on the topic "Invasive fungal infection"

1

Workman, Rachael. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Infection and Common Mycelial Network Formation on Invasive Plant Competition. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2024.

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Horwitz, Benjamin A., and Barbara Gillian Turgeon. Fungal Iron Acquisition, Oxidative Stress and Virulence in the Cochliobolus-maize Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7709885.bard.

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Our project focused on genes for high affinity iron acquisition in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, a necrotrophic pathogen of maize, and their intertwined relationship to oxidative stress status and virulence of the fungus on the host. An intriguing question was why mutants lacking the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene (NPS6) responsible for synthesis of the extracellular siderophore, coprogen, are sensitive to oxidative stress. Our overall objective was to understand the mechanistic connection between iron stress and oxidative stress as related to virulence of a plant pathogen to its host. The first objective was to examine the interface where small molecule peptide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanisms overlap. The second objective was to determine if the molecular explanation for common function is common signal transduction pathways. These pathways, built around sensor kinases, response regulators, and transcription factors may link sequestering of iron, production of antioxidants, resistance to oxidative stress, and virulence. We tested these hypotheses by genetic manipulation of the pathogen, virulence assays on the host plant, and by following the expression of key fungal genes. An addition to the original program, made in the first year, was to develop, for fungi, a genetically encoded indicator of redox state based on the commercially available Gfp-based probe pHyper, designed for animal cell biology. We implemented several tools including a genetically encoded indicator of redox state, a procedure to grow iron-depleted plants, and constructed a number of new mutants in regulatory genes. Lack of the major Fe acquisition pathways results in an almost completely avirulent phenotype, showing how critical Fe acquisition is for the pathogen to cause disease. Mutants in conserved signaling pathways have normal ability to regulate NPS6 in response to Fe levels, as do mutants in Lae1 and Vel1, two master regulators of gene expression. Vel1 mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and the reason may be underexpression of a catalase gene. In nps6 mutants, CAT3 is also underexpressed, perhaps explaining the sensitivity to oxidative stress. We constructed a deletion mutant for the Fe sensor-regulator SreA and found that it is required for down regulation of NPS6 under Fe-replete conditions. Lack of SreA, though, did not make the fungus over-sensitive to ROS, though the mutant had a slow growth rate. This suggests that overproduction of siderophore under Fe-replete conditions is not very damaging. On the other hand, increasing Fe levels protected nps6 mutants from inhibition by ROS, implying that Fe-catalyzed Fenton reactions are not the main factor in its sensitivity to ROS. We have made some progress in understanding why siderophore mutants are sensitive to oxidative stress, and in doing so, defined some novel regulatory relationships. Catalase genes, which are not directly related to siderophore biosynthesis, are underexpressed in nps6 mutants, suggesting that the siderophore product (with or without bound Fe) may act as a signal. Siderophores, therefore, could be a target for intervention in the field, either by supplying an incorrect signal or blocking a signal normally provided during infection. We already know that nps6 mutants cause smaller lesions and have difficulty establishing invasive growth in the host. Lae1 and Vel1 are the first factors shown to regulate both super virulence conferred by T-toxin, and basic pathogenicity, due to unknown factors. The mutants are also altered in oxidative stress responses, key to success in the infection court, asexual and sexual development, essential for fungal dissemination in the field, aerial hyphal growth, and pigment biosynthesis, essential for survival in the field. Mutants in genes encoding NADPH oxidase (Nox) are compromised in development and virulence. Indeed the triple mutant, which should lack all Nox activity, was nearly avirulent. Again, gene expression experiments provided us with initial evidence that superoxide produced by the fungus may be most important as a signal. Blocking oxidant production by the pathogen may be a way to protect the plant host, in interactions with necrotrophs such as C. heterostrophus which seem to thrive in an oxidant environment.
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Glazer, Itamar, Alice Churchill, Galina Gindin, and Michael Samish. Genomic and Organismal Studies to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Ticks. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593382.bard.

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The overall goal of this research was to elucidate the factors affecting early development of Metarhizium spp. (previously named M. anisopliae) on ticks or tick cuticle extracts and the molecular basis of these early infection processes. The original objectives were: 1. Characterize the pre-penetration events (adhesion, germination and appressorium formation) of spores of M. anisopliae strains with high or low virulence during tick infection. 2. Create GFP-expressing strains of M. anisopliae tick pathogens having high and low virulence to compare their progress of infection by microscopy. 3. Use microarray analyses, primarily with existing M. anisopliae EST sequences in GenBank, to identify and characterize fungal genes whose expression is regulated in response to host cuticle extracts. Objective 3 was later modified (as approved by BARD) to use RNAseq to characterize the early stages of fungal gene expression during infection of intact host cuticles. This new method provides a massively larger and more informative dataset and allows us to take advantage of a) recently published genomes of Metarhizium robertsii and M. acridum for RNAseq data analysis, and b) newly developed and highly efficient cDNA sequencing technologies that are relatively low cost and, therefore, allow deep sequencing of multiple transcriptome samples. We examined pre-penetration and penetration events that differentiate high and low virulence strains of Metarhizium spp., focusing on spore adhesion, germination, appressorium formation, and penetration of tick integuments. Initiation of fungal infection was compared on susceptible and resistant tick species at different tick developmental stages. In vitro studies comparing the effects of protein and fatty acid profiles from tick cuticle extracts demonstrated that resistant tick cuticles contain higher concentrations of specific lipids that inhibit fungal development than do susceptible tick cuticles, suggesting one mechanism of Ixodidae resistance to fungal entomopathogens (Objective 1). We used molecular markers to determine that the three M. anisopliae strains from Israel that we studied actually were three distinct species. M. brunneum is highly virulent against the tick Rhipicephalus annulatus, M. pingshaense and M. robertsii are intermediate in virulence, and M. majus is of low virulence. We transformed all four Metarhizium species to express GFP and used them in pathogenicity assays against diverse tick species. Key findings were that a) resistant ticks inhibit Metarhizium infection prior to hemocoel invasion by reducing fungal viability on the cuticle surface (Objective 2), as was supported by the in vitro studies of Objective 1, and b) Metarhizium kills susceptible ticks after cuticle penetration but prior to hemocoel colonization. Transcriptome studies of the most virulent species, M. brunneum, are in progress and include analyses of ungerminated conidia and conidia germination and development on a low nutrient medium or on susceptible R. annulatus exoskeleton (Objective 3). We anticipate these studies will contribute to identifying fungal genetic factors that increase virulence and speed of kill and may help reveal tick chemistries that could be included in biocontrol formulations to increase efficacy. Methodologies developed to screen tick cuticle extracts for ability to support conidia germination and development may help in the selection of wild fungi with increased virulence against resistant ticks. The overall knowledge gained should contribute not only to the improvement of tick control but also to the control of other blood-sucking arthropods and related plant pests. Use of bio-based agents for controlling arthropods will contribute to a healthier, more sustainable environment and serve a growing number of organic food farmers.
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Matthew, Gray. Data from "Winter is Coming – Temperature Affects Immune Defenses and Susceptibility to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans". University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/t7sallfxxe.

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Environmental temperature is a key factor driving various biological processes, including immune defenses and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we evaluated the effects of environmental temperature on the pathogenicity of the emerging fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), using controlled laboratory experiments, and measured components of host immune defense to identify regulating mechanisms. We found that adult and juvenile Notophthalmus viridescens died faster due to Bsal chytridiomycosis at 14 ºC than at 6 and 22 ºC. Pathogen replication rates, total available proteins on the skin, and microbiome composition likely drove these relationships. Temperature-dependent skin microbiome composition in our laboratory experiments matched seasonal trends in wild N. viridescens, adding validity to these results. We also found that hydrophobic peptide production after two months post-exposure to Bsal was reduced in infected animals compared to controls, perhaps due to peptide release earlier in infection or impaired granular gland function in diseased animals. Using our temperature-dependent infection results, we performed a geographic analysis that suggested that N. viridescens populations in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada are at greatest risk for Bsal invasion. Our results indicate that environmental temperature will play a key role in the epidemiology of Bsal and provide evidence that temperature manipulations may be a viable Bsal management strategy.
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