Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Invasivité extracellulaire in vitro'
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Driffort, Virginie. "Rôle du canal sodique NaV1.5 et de la sous-unité auxiliaire β4 dans l’invasivité des cellules cancéreuses mammaires in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3310.
Full textThe abnormal expression of sodium channel Nav1.5 in breast cancer is correlated with metastatic development and an increased mortality. The Nav1.5 channel is located in invadopodia in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, where it increases proteolytic activity by allosteric modulation of exchanger NHE-1 and activation of acidic proteases. In vivo, in a xenograft model in nude NMRI mice, the expression of Nav1.5 potentiates lung colonization by human breast cancer cells. Metastatic colonization is inhibited by treatment with ranolazine, a pharmacological inhibitor of Nav1.5. The β4 subunit, an auxiliary subunit of Nav channels, is expressed at low levels or lost when tumors are more aggressive, and its suppression in vitro increases celI invasiveness. This increase seems to be independent of Nav1.5 and could be associated with the transition of cells to an amoeboid phenotype. In conclusion, Nav1.5 expression and the loss of β4 expression seem to play complementary roles in the invasiveness of cancer cells
Galiacy, Stéphane. "Remaniements de la matrice extracellulaire et protéases de la matrice extracellulaire dans la réparation épithéliale alvéolaire pulmonaire in vitro." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120002.
Full textDue to its interface position between the body and the environment, the lung is permanently agressed. Thus, repair process are essential part of lung homeostasis. Our hypothesis is that re-epithelialization by type II pneumocytes is a crucial phase of lung repair, which depend on extracellular matrix remodelling proceedings by extracellular matrix proteases, i. E. Metallo and serine proteases. We demonstrated that proteolytic cleavage of type I collagen by collagenaes, and induction of fibronectin and PAI-l by KGF, enhanced wound closure of lung alveolar epithelial in vitro, by increasing cell motility functions. Altogether, these works demonstrated the crucial functions of extracellular matrix rentodelling and extracellular matrix proteaees during proceedings of lung epithelial repair
Raiss, Zineb. "Effet du PH extracellulaire sur la glycolyse et la gluconéogenèse in vitro." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE18006.
Full textMaillard, Elisa Pinget Michel Krafft Marie-Pierre. "Les perfluorocarbures, un nouvel outil pour la conservation des îlots pancréatiques in vitro." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00000998.
Full textMaillard, Elisa. "Les perfluorocarbures, un nouvel outil pour la conservation des îlots pancréatiques in vitro." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/MAILLARD_Elisa_2007.pdf.
Full textIslet transplantation proved a viable route to insulin independence for type 1 diabetic subjects. However, hypoxia enhances an important loss of pancreatic islets in culture. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) serve also as oxygen "reservoirs" for harvested organs in pancreas organ transplantation. The aim of this work was to study effect of PFCs emulsions on β cells lines and on pancreatic islets in vitro. PFCs emulsion was not toxic but decreased cellular adhesion and enhanced cells detachment which triggered to pseudo-islets formation. Validation of PFCs emulsions on rat pancreatic islets also showed an anti-adhesive effect. Moreover, PFCs emulsions protected islets from an irreversible interstitial fibrosis in islets control linked to hypoxia. Consequently, PFCs emulsions preserved islets functionality for at least 5 days in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that PFCs emulsions could be a new tool to preserve islets in vitro and would be very useful regarding islets transplantation
Praillet, Christel. "Modulation des glycosaminoglycannes in vitro et in vivo par l'interféron-gamma." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T119.
Full textFawzi-Grancher, Shalaw Muller Sylvaine. "Influence des facteurs biochimiques et mécaniques in vitro sur la prolifération cellulaire et la synthèse matricielle de fibroblastes application en ingénierie tissulaire /." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2006. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2006_FAWZI_GRANCHER_S.pdf.
Full textLouis, Huguette. "Détection de l'activation des CML vasculaires : implications dans la différenciation : approches dans les modèles animaux et in vitro : double détection immunologique/hybridation in situ froide." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28605.
Full textVerhulsel, Marine. "Reproduction in vitro d'un intestin sur puce microfluidique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066738/document.
Full textThe epithelium of the small intestine is composed of a single layer of epithelial cells lining the villi that project into the lumen of the gut, and the crypts that descend into the underlying connective tissue. Dividing stem cells are contained within the crypts and give rise to five types of specialized epithelial cells including enterocytes, Goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells and Tuft cells. Most of those cells travel upwards from the crypt towards the villus tip where they shed into the lumen except for Paneth cells that remain confined into the crypt. The basement membrane underlines the basal surface of epithelium and separates it from the stroma mostly composed of collagen I and fibroblasts. The whole intestinal epithelium is renewed every week. Many biochemical pathways that control intestinal homeostasis are discovered using mouse models. In contrast, in vitro models systems, such as organoids, provide a mean to investigate questions hard to be addressed in vivo. Despite their obvious interest, organoids do not fully recapitulate intestinal features: the total number of cells does not remain constant, villi-like structures are missing as well as cells and matrix constitutive of the stroma. Only two microfabricated devices have been developed to overcome this absence of villi by replicating dynamic (i.e the peristaltic motion) or structural feature (i.e the topography of the villus) of the intestine in order to induce the formation of villi. However they both do not provide the cells a physiological substrate as cells are directly seeded on an elastomeric synthetic scaffold. Even though those substrates are coated with ECM molecules, as they miss the micro-architecture specific of ECM (e.g. fibrillar structure and capacity to be remodeled by cells) as well as their mechanical properties; they might induce a different phenotype to the cells than if they were seeded on/in an ECM-like hydrogel. To address this lack, we developed an innovative device that recapitulates both the composition and topography of the intestinal lining. We chose collagen I as the constituent of our substrate since collagen I is the most abundant protein in mammals and the main constituent of all ECM in the body. We first characterized the composition and the rheological properties of commercial rat tail collagen I hydrogel and compared it to the one we extracted from rat tails. To reproduce the 3D structure of the intestine, we microstructured collagen I scaffolds as 3D sinusoids with 400µm period and 400µm height that respect the anatomic dimensions of mice intestine by adapting methods from soft lithography field. Epithelial cells from Caco2 cell line which are considered as an intestinal model were first seeded on the surface of the scaffold and successfully colonized the structure as a monolayer. Primary fibroblasts were embedded in collagen scaffolds were they actually belong in vivo. The force exterted by the epithelial monolayer at the surface of the scaffold but also by the fibroblasts inside the gels flattened the structures. The higher the concentration of collagen was the less the structures were deformed. However, for collagen concentrations higher than 6mg/mL, the fibroblasts experienced difficulties to spread and proliferate in the matrix probably related to a reduced diffusion of nutrients in such matrix or to the reduced mesh size of the fibrillar network that prevent cell spreading. Two main approaches were investigated to stiffen the collagen scaffold while maintaining a porosity suitable for fibroblasts spreading and proliferation. One consisted in the addition of a stiffer biocompatible polymer to generate a hybrid semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel with improved mechanical properties. The other resided in the addition of a cross-linker that covalently bonded the fibrils constitutive of the collagen network
Bourahla-Fodil, Ilham. "Biosynthèse des macromolécules de la matrice extracellulaire par des fibroblastes cutanés en fonction du vieillissement in vitro. Modulation par le récepteur de l' élastine laminine." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066041.
Full textChanut-Delalande, Hélène. "Rôle du collagène V dans l'élaboration d'une matrice extracellulaire : approche in vitro par production de la molécule recombinante et in vivo par transgénèse chez la souris." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10194.
Full textAutillo-Touati, Amapola. "Etude in vitro de la morphogenèse et de la polarité neuronale : analyse en miscroscopie électronique à transmission et à balayage." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX21901.
Full textDumortier, Jérôme. "Interactions épithélio-mésenchymateuses au cours du développement des tumeurs malignes digestives : étude expérimentale in vivo et in vitro." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T152.
Full textPerche, Olivier. "Hormones steroides, matrice extracellulaire : facteurs intervenant dans la differenciationdes cellules epitheliales d'oviducte de caille : etudes in vivo et in vitro." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066395.
Full textRobert, Joe͏̈lle. "Influence de divers constituants de la matrice extracellulaire sur le comportement de cellules dermiques d'embryon de poulet cultivées in vitro." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10110.
Full textAngoulvant, Denis. "Thérapie cellulaire myocardique : travaux expérimentaux in vitro et in vivo utilisant les cellules souches mesenchymateuses." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10010.
Full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) expanded from the bone marrow or the umbilical cord blood have been extensively used for cardiac cell therapy experiments. MSC can transdifferentiate in vitro and in vivo in cardiomyocytes, they can be transfected to increase the expression of genes of interest, and they possess the immune property to avoid in vitro allogeneic rejection. Pre clinical studies and phase II trials have shown their ability to protect myocardial structure and enhance contractile function after myocardial infarction. This effect is not related to extensive cardiomyocytes regeneration but to rather indirect effects including enhanced angiogenesis, stabilization of the extracellular matrix and protection against apoptosis. These effects are triggered by paracrine mechanisms involving growth factors present in MSC supernatant
Héraud, Sandrine. "Adaptation de méthodes biophysiques et biomécaniques pour l'exploration des peaux reconstruites in vitro." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10307.
Full textA skin equivalent consist of a epidermis reconstructed on the top of a dermis equivalent classically composed of fibroblasts cultured into a biomaterial scaffold which is often a collagen gel or sponge. This scaffold hold its own mechanical properties, influencing the global skin equivalent biomechanical response, so we choose to develop a scaffold-free skin equivalent (SFSE), based on the ability of fibroblasts to synthezise their own extracellular matrix. Our first objective was to optimize and characterize the structure, the reproducibility and functionality of this scaffold-free model. Our second goal was to adapt biophysical and biomechanical tools classically used for in vivo evaluation to in vitro skin equivalents. Their morphology was explored with different resolutions using echography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser scanning microscopy whereas biomechanical functionality was evaluate by a suction test, the cutometry. This biophysical data were compared to more classical histological, immununohistological and transmission electronic microscopy results. The long-term culture of the scaffold-free model showed the good stability of epidermis and the continuous remodelling of MEC with notably an increase of collagen and elastin fibers. We selected a reference culture time, corresponding to the complete terminal differentiation of epidermis. At this culture time, we showed the epidermis and dermis thickness reproducibity in histology and OCT, the constant epidermis and dermo-epidermal junction maturity and the dermal expression of elastin, colocalized with fibrillin. The barrier function of epidermis was also demonstrated via stratum corneum and tight junctions impermeability
Leblond, Valérie. "Capacités d'adhérence et de remaniement de la matrice extracellulaire des cellules immunocompétentes infectées in vitro par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S012.
Full textROUGIER, JEAN-PHILIPPE. "Effets des dialysats et des cytokines sur le renouvellement de la matrice extracellulaire par les cellules mesotheliales peritoneales humaines : etude in vitro." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066717.
Full textFleury, Christophe. "Etude des collagènes (types I et IV) chez le mollusque gastéropode Haliotis tuberculata et analyse de leur expression lors du processus de réparation de la coquille : activité biologique in vitro d’une protéine collagénique recombinante (fibroblastes humains)." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2079.
Full textSequencing the various molluscan collagen genes is an essential prerequisite to decipher their cellular and physiological function in many processes such as biomineralization in the mollusc Haliotis tuberculata. Two abalone cDNA encoding collagen α chains have been sequenced. The first one, named α1(IV), is composed of 5000 base pairs coding for a 1777 amino acids protein whose C-terminal domain shares 69% identity with human and murine α3(IV) chains. The second cDNA, called α1(I), was partially sequenced but its C-terminal domain shares 34 to 37% identity with invertebrate and vertebrate fibrillar collagens. Although the expression profile of these transcripts revealed they are both ubiquitous, α1(I) is predominantly expressed in the mantle while α1(IV) is mainly found in the mantle and haemocytes, both of which are important for biomineralization. In addition, a 5-fold increase in transcriptional ratio α1(IV)/α1(I) was observed in mantle edge 4 days after experimental lesion. This result suggests that cells synthesizing type IV collagen could be implicated in shell regeneration process. The close identity between α1(IV) C-terminal domain and the vertebrate homolog led us to produce, purify and test in vitro the biological effects of a recombinant protein corresponding to this region on human cells. This molecule increased fibroblastic proliferation by 69% and doubled collagen synthesis
Andjilani, Maoulana. "Modulation de la chimiosensibilité des cellules tumorales par la matrice extracellulaire : étude in vitro de la potentialisation par la laminine de l'apoptose induite par le cisplatine dans les cellules germinales tumorales du testicule humain." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10196.
Full textFawzi-Grancher, Shalaw. "Influence des facteurs biochimiques et mécaniques in vitro sur la prolifération cellulaire et la synthèse matricielle de fibroblastes : application en Ingénierie tissulaire." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL040N/document.
Full textThe process of ligament healing is complex, which consists of the proliferation and the cellular migration, as well as the synthesis of the extra cellular matrix. This process is influenced by the biochemical and/or environmental factors. The specific properties of the ligament cell permit their responses to growth factors and to mechanical stress. The aim of our work was to define the conditions of in vitro reconstruction of ligament tissue. We take into account the biochemical, as well as the mechanical parameters in order to study the factors acting on the synthesis of a new tissue. Firstly, we investigated the influence of the growth factors such as PDGF-AB and TGF-b1 on the cell proliferation and the matrix synthesis (collagens types I and III) respectively. It seems that these two growth factors act on the different mode on the temporal and mechanistic aspects. Secondly, we studied the effect of the specific mechanical stress the stretching on the ligament. It was showed that the action of the mechanical stretching was essential for the differentiation of the target cells and their evolution in the ligament cell, by promoting the synthesis of the specific molecules, such as tenascin, and collagens. Although these results remain insufficient for the reconstruction of neotissue, they allowed us to define the protocols to be followed for the projects of tissue engineering
Ghazi, Kamelia. "Etude et modulation du microenvironnement des purinorécepteurs de mort P2X7 par des formulations lipidiques et biopolymères afin de réguler les mécanismes de prolifération et de dégénérescence cellulaire sur des modèles dermatologiques : cicatrisation et mélanome." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P655/document.
Full textThe purinoceptor P2X7 plays a role in cytotoxic degenerative processus (Alzheimer, AMD) and cell death. Recent studies have shown that basal activation of this receptor is essential in the healing process and cell proliferation. We tried to understand the paradox that activation of P2X7 receptor that directs to the same proliferation and tumor metastasis, but also to the mechanisms of cell degeneration. The influence of the microenvironment (lipids, extracellular matrix, oxygen) appears essential to understand these effects. Our first objective was to study the impact of the modulation of P2X7 receptor microenvironment by extracellular matrix components. On cell monolayer model of wound healing we have highlighted the impact hyaluronan molecular weight (predominant component in the extracellular matrix). Our results showed that activation of P2X7 receptor is dependent on hyaluronan molecular weight. Our second objective was to modulate lipid microenvironment P2X7 receptor. We selected an oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids and thus have studied its effect on the activation of P2X7 receptor. In our models of healing and melanoma cell, we have demonstrated that modulation of lipid microenvironment affects P2X7 activation
Rouget, Martine. "Régulation de la morphogénèse neuronale par des facteurs épigénétique : role des astrocytes et des molécules de la matrice extracellulaire. Etude ultrastructurale sur un modèle in vitro." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22019.
Full textSimon, Thomas. "Traitement anti-angiogénique par le bevacizumab des tumeurs gliales malignes : étude in vitro dans une matrice tridimensionnelle." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES032.
Full textGlioblastomas (grade IV gliomas) are one of the most invasive and aggressive solid tumors. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the pro-angiogenic factor Vascular and Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A), is used in the treatment of glioblastomas. Although most patients respond initially to this treatment, studies have shown that glioblastomas eventually recur. Several non-mutually exclusive theories based on the anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab have been proposed to explain these mechanisms of resistance. In this report, we studied whether bevacizumab can act directly on malignant glioblastoma cells. We observe changes in the expression profiles of components of the VEGF/VEGF-R pathway and in the response to a VEGF-A stimulus following bevacizumab treatment. In addition, we show that bevacizumab itself acts on glioblastoma cells by activating intracellular survival signaling pathways. Bevacizumab also enhances proliferation and invasiveness of glioblastoma cells in Hyaluronic Acid (HA) hydrogel. We propose that the paradoxical effect of bevacizumab on glioblastoma cells could be due to changes in the VEGF-A-dependent autocrine loop as well as in the intracellular survival pathways, leading to the enhancement of tumor aggressiveness. Identification of mediators involved in the direct effect of bevacizumab on glioblastoma cells and the resulting downstream signaling pathways will help to develop multi-targeted therapies useful in the treatment of glioblastomas
Latire, Thomas. "Effets des composants de la matrice organique issue de la coquille de trois mollusques bivalves (Pecten maximus, Mytilus edulis et Crassostrea gigas) sur le métabolisme de fibroblastes dermiques humains, in vitro. Applications potentielles dans le domaine de la dermo-cosmétique." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2008.
Full textMollusc shells are composed of more than 95% of calcium carbonate and less than 5% of an organic matrix consisting partly of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Previous studies have enabled to highlight biological activities of the shell matrice from bivalve molluscs such as Pinctada maxima or Patinopecten yessoensis on skin, especially on the expression of ECM components by fibroblasts. In this thesis, we were interested in the potential biological activities of shell matrix components from three reared bivalve molluscs: Pecten maximus, Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas on human dermal fibroblasts in primary culture. As a first step, we have demonstrated that shell matrix components had different effects on the global metabolism of fibroblasts. We have shown that the shell matrix components from Pecten maximus stimulate the synthesis of types I and III collagens, as well as sulfated GAGs. This increased expression of type I collagen is mediated, in part, by the recruitment of transactivating factors (Sp1, Sp3 and hc-Krox) on the -112/-61 bp COL1A1 promoter region. On the contrary, shell extracts from Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas promote catabolic pathway by decreasing the synthesis of type I collagen, and increasing the synthesis of MMP-1. Finally, additional work enabled to highlight that shell extracts from Pecten maximus and Mytilus edulis have only little effect on cell migration during wound repair process in vitro. Thus, our research has highlighted that the shell organic matrix from three bivalve molluscs, especially from Pecten maximus, has biological activities that may be interesting for dermo-cosmetic applications
Chokr, Ali. "Evaluation par des études in vitro et in vivo de l'implication des biofilms dans la virulence des staphylocoques à coagulase négative." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0143.
Full textCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are among the most pathogens isolated in prosthetic device-related infections. Their ability to form biofilms (B) is believed to make them more resistant to antibiotic treatments and immune host defence system. Amongst the most clearly characterized components of staphylococcal biofilm is the PIA (P) which is synthesized by the icaADBC operon (I). PIA seemed to be essential for biofilm formation. We assessed in vitro the link between these three parameters (B, I, P) in clinical and commensal CoNS isolates. Only the third of clinical and commensal strains forms biofilm in vitro. Commensal strains of S. Epidermidis were P- and they are 2. 5 times less I+. Some strains were B+ but P- while others were P+ But B-. Structural analyses show that the biofilm of certain strains contains PIA and teichoïc acid (TA), while that of others contains only TA. Using an animal model we carried out the involvement of B, I and P parameters in the ability of CoNS to maintain an infection in vivo. We have shown that the model strain, S. Epidermidis RP62A known as (B+, I+, P+) was able maintain an infection in vivo whereas, the other model strain, S. Carnosus TM300 known as (B-, I-, P-) was not. Examined with other clinical S. Epidermidis, the type (B+, I+, P+) confers the ability to maintain an infection in vivo. Surprisingly some clinical and commensal isolates having the negative profile were also able to maintain an infection in vivo. Depending on the strains, and more than the presence of ica locus and in vitro-biofilm formation ability, S. Epidermidis probably needs an other potential virulent factor(s) to be able to maintain an infection in vivo
Vailhe, Bruno. "Réorganisation in vitro des cellules endothéliales sur matrice de fibrine en un réseau de pseudo-capillaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10235.
Full textVillars, Franck. "Etude in vitro du rôle des cellules endothéliales humaines dans la différenciation ostéoblastique : modèle de coopération cellulaire." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28765.
Full textSteidl, Esther. "Mise au point d’une plateforme de tests in vitro pour l’évaluation du potentiel proconvulsivant de façon précoce au cours du développement de médicaments." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0050.
Full textThe goal of the present work was to develop a platform of tests that could predict the proconvulsive potential of compounds in development as early as possible during preclinical phases. These tests were carried out in vitro from hippocampal slices recorded with multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). The MEA technology is particularly adapted because it allows to investigate compounds’ effect on a wide area of a native neural network, including all the complexity and organization of the different cell types. In addition, rapidity and low compound consumption of the MEA-based assays make them suitable for early stages of development.First, the evaluation of reference proconvulsive/seizurogenic compounds allowed to determine the parameters that should be monitored to detect proconvulsive properties. It appeared that reference compounds triggered one or several of the following effects: increase of the population spikes area and repetition of spikes, triggering of epileptiform discharges and/or increase of the CA1 neurons firing. The experimental conditions of the assays were then modified to increase their sensitivity and thus detect even weak proconvulsive compounds. This platform of 3 complementary assays was termed NS-PC set.15 compounds, including positive and negative controls, were provided by partner pharmaceutical companies to be tested under blind conditions on NS-PC set. A new faster and cheaper assay, termed NS-PC screen, was also designed based on the recording of 4-aminopyridine-induced epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices
Charvet, Igor. "Développement des neurones dopaminergiques et environnement matriciel : analyse in vivo et in vitro du rôle des protéoglycannes dans la mise en place des voies mésostriatales chez le rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10117.
Full textMiollis, Frédérick de. "Développement d’un système de culture in vitro 3D et microfluidique pour étudier les interactions tumeur-stroma et la résistance aux drogues de l’adénocarcinome du pancréas." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI015.
Full textPancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with an extremely poor prognosis. In 2020, the 5-year survival rate remains very low (only 3 to 9%) and the median is less than 6 months. Despite significant progress in the patient care, current therapies do not have the expected effectiveness. This is due to the strong chemoresistance observed in this cancer. The key factor of this resistance is the complex tumor microenvironment mainly composed of stroma and a dense extracellular matrix limiting the access of therapies to the tumor. The current models’ limitations, particularly in terms of physiological relevance, are a major obstacle in understanding this chemoresistance. In response to this issue, researchers are turning to different approaches by developing brand new models that are alternatives to those already available (in vitro and in vivo).The objectives of this work were: (i) to develop an in vitro 3D microfluidic culture device allowing to reproduce the tumor microenvironment both biologically and mechanically, as well as to model the flows and mass transport present in a pancreatic tumor, and (ii) to approach the morphological changes of the co-culture by studying epithelio-mesenchymal markers and to study the impact of FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy in this model.First, we have shown numerically and experimentally the feasibility of such an in vitro model. The chosen extracellular matrix is a combination of collagen I and hyaluronic acid creating a rigid structure close to in vivo conditions. It allows long-term culture maintenance under the effect of the perfusion as well as the activation of pancreatic stellate cells. The chosen perfusion rate allows to apply an interstitial flow in the model equivalent to the one observed in the in vivo microenvironment, inducing hydrostatic pressure and shear stress on the cancerous cells.Then, we demonstrated the biological contribution of this model by showing an increased chemoresistance to the FOLFIRINOX protocol of tumor cells both in mono- and in co-culture in the microfluidic device. We also show the establishment of a process presenting characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and a possible promotion of a dedifferentiated phenotype of tumor cells by activated pancreatic stellate cells.In conclusion, we present in this thesis an original microfluidic model allowing to mimic a tumor (co-culture of epithelial and mesenchymal cells) and to study the kinetics of a complex multidrug chemotherapy. In the future, the device should allow us to further study the mechanisms of drug resistance and tumor-stroma interactions in pancreatic cancer
Namy, Patrick. "Régulation mécanique de l'angiogenèse in vitro : analyse par un modèle aux dérivées partielles des interactions cellules-substrat." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007601.
Full textBunel, Valérian. "Recherche de nouvelles substances naturelles d'intérêt dans la prévention de la fibrose rénale d'origine médicamenteuse." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209222.
Full textLes stratégies de protection – notamment implémentées en clinique lors de l'administration de médicaments néphrotoxiques – reposant sur une approche pharmacologique restent rares.
A partir de données de médecines traditionnelles, nous avons sélectionné une série de plantes considérées utiles pour le traitement ou la prévention de troubles associés aux maladies rénales :Angelicae sinensis radix, Eleutherococci radix, Ginseng radix, Schisandrae chinensis fructus et Silybi mariani fructus.
A l'aide d'un modèle in vitro reposant sur l'emploi de la lignée cellulaire HK-2, nous avons examiné si ces produits pouvaient apporter une protection efficace vis-à-vis de 3 xénobiotiques néphrotoxiques :les acides aristolochiques, le cisplatine et la ciclosporine. Cinq phénomènes impliqués dans la néphrotoxicité et couramment retrouvés lors du développement de la fibrose rénale ont été investigués :(i) la mortalité cellulaire et l'apoptose ;(ii) la génération de stress oxydatif ;(iii) la modulation des capacités de régénération ;(iv) la production de matrice extracellulaire ;et (v) l'activation de la voie de signalisation de la β-caténine.
Parmi les 5 plantes étudiées sur ce modèle, celle présentant l'activité la plus intéressante vis-à-vis de l'un des 3 toxiques a été investiguée plus en détails afin d'identifier le(s) composé(s) responsable(s) de sa bioactivité. Les résultats ont indiqué que l'extrait méthanolique d'Angelica sinensis était le plus efficace pour réduire la néphrotoxicité induite par le cisplatine. Ces principes actifs – l'acide férulique, le Z-ligustilide et le E-ligustilide – ont été testés selon la même méthodologie.
L'acide férulique a été le plus efficace pour améliorer la survie cellulaire et diminuer l'apoptose induite par le cisplatine. Il a également permis de réduire la production de matrice extracellulaire, de stimuler les capacités de régénération de cellules saines et d'inhiber partiellement la voie de signalisation de la β-caténine. Il n'a toutefois pas été capable de limiter la génération de stress oxydatif induite par le traitement au cisplatine.
L'acide férulique semble être un candidat prometteur pour protéger les tubules rénaux vis-à-vis du cisplatine et pourrait contribuer à limiter l'initiation et le développement de la fibrose rénale.
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The kidneys are targets of numerous toxic compounds. Proximal tubular epithelia cells are particularly vulnerable to xenobiotics used as drugs or not. These injuries can be associated with an increased oxidative stress and can trigger cell death. They can also lead to the loss of phenotypic characteristics of epithelial cells and initiate their dedifferentiation in mesenchymal cells, eventually evolving in fibroblasts, major actors responsible for renal fibrosis.
Protective strategies – including those implemented in clinical practice during the administration of nephrotoxic drugs – relying on a pharmacological approach remain seldom.
By means of data issuing from traditional medicines, we selected a series of herbs potentially useful for the treatment or prevention of troubles associated with kidney diseases: Angelicae sinensis radix, Eleutherococci radix, Ginseng radix, Schisandrae chinensis fructus and Silybi mariani fructus.
Using an in vitro model based on HK-2 cell line, we examined if these herbal products could bring an effective protection towards 3 nephrotoxic drugs: aristolochic acids, cisplatin and ciclosporin. Five phenomena involved in nephrotoxicity and regularly occurring during the progression of renal fibrosis were investigated: (i) cell death and apoptosis; (ii) oxidative stress generation; (iii) modulation of regeneration capacities; (iv) extracellular matrix production; and (v) β-catenin pathway activation.
Among the 5 herbs that were studied, the one presenting the most interesting effects towards one of the 3 toxicants has been investigated in details in order to identify the compound(s) responsible for its bioactivity. Results indicated that the crude methanolic extract of Angelica sinensis was the most potent for reducing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Its active principles – ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide and E-ligustilide – were tested according to the same methods.
Ferulic acid was the most potent compound for improving cell survival and for alleviating cisplatine-induced apoptosis. It also allowed to restrain the extracellular matrix production, enhanced the regeneration capacities of healthy cells and partially inhibited the activation of the β-catenin pathway. It was however ineffective in preventing the generation of oxidative stress induced during cisplatin treatment.
Ferulic acid appears as a promising candidate for protecting renal tubules against cisplatin's nephrotoxicity and could contribute to limit the onset and progression of renal fibrosis.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
XIA, Rong. "ETUDE DES EFFETS DE LA STIMULATION ELECTRIQUE A HAUTE FREQUENCE DANS UN MODELE CELLULAIRE IN VITRO." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009865.
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