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Journal articles on the topic 'Invention de traditions'
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1
McFarlane, Graham, Donald Harman Akenson, and Leo Howe. "The Invention of 'Two Traditions'." Irish Review (1986-), no. 11 (1991): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29735632.
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Guyer, Jane I. "Traditions of Invention in Equatorial Africa." African Studies Review 39, no. 3 (December 1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524941.
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Jeffery, Renée. "Tradition as Invention: The `Traditions Tradition' and the History of Ideas in International Relations." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 34, no. 1 (August 2005): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298050340011101.
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Johnson, Greg. "Authenticity, Invention, Articulation: Theorizing Contemporary Hawaiian Traditions from the Outside." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 20, no. 3 (2008): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006808x317464.
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AbstractThis article theorizes potential contributions of outsider analysis to the study of contemporary indigenous traditions, taking Native Hawaiian canoe voyaging and repatriation disputes as its primary examples. The argument proceeds by specifying analytical contributions of articulation theory in contrast to limitations of invention and authenticity discourses. A shared liability of the latter discourses is identified in their tendency to reify identity in ways that preclude engagement with the full range of cultural articulations constitutive of living tradition. Cultural struggle, in particular, is theorized as the aspect of identity articulation that is most explanatory of the character of tradition and least addressed by theories of invention and authenticity.
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Stamper, John W. "The Industry Palace of the 1873 World’s Fair: Karl von Hasenauer, John Scott Russell, and New Technology in Nineteenth-Century Vienna." Architectural History 47 (2004): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00001763.
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The buildings and landscaped grounds of the nineteenth-century international exhibitions were directly related to the architectural and urban design traditions of the cities in which they were built. At the same time, they possessed idealized qualities that made them innovative and distinct from other contemporary buildings. The result of collaborative planning among architects, engineers, and planning committees, the exhibitions were built to evoke ideal civic settings, their exhibition palaces, pavilions, and gardens forming exemplary complexes that synthesized both invention and tradition. The International Exhibition, the Weltausstellung, held in Vienna, Austria in 1873, was one such event (Fig. 1). Its buildings were both related to the architectural and urbanistic design traditions of nineteenth-century Vienna, and at the same time possessed idealized qualities that were inventive and progressive, marking new technological achievements.
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Morton, Jonathan. "Engin." Romanic Review 111, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00358118-8503452.
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Abstract The main texts under consideration in this article are two French-language Alexander romances written in the second half of the twelfth century, discussed in relation to the Latin historical, romance, and naturalist traditions that form the backbone of the medieval tradition of Alexander the Great in medieval Europe, and in particular in relation to the literary tradition that starts with Pseudo-Callisthenes’s Greek Romance of Alexander. The aim is to show how Alexander was used not simply as an icon of secular or military power but also as an important figure for understanding the relationship between the imagination, technological invention, and discovery of new knowledge, which necessarily entails questions of prestige and power. Alexander’s ingenuity, which manifests both as verbal trickery and in the invention of new machines, is shown to be fundamental for a certain model of knowledge-acquisition that sees natural truths as hidden and in need of tools to be extracted. This ingenuity is shown, also, to be closely connected to the inventions of writers of romance, and the article suggests the specific importance of the Alexander material in the history of medieval romance literature.
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Warnier, Jean-Pierre. "Invention des traditions et esprit d'entreprise : une perspective critique." Afrique contemporaine 226, no. 2 (2008): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.226.0243.
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Delabastita, Dirk. "Continentalism and the invention of traditions in translation studies." Eurocentrism in Translation Studies 6, no. 2 (November 16, 2011): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.6.2.02del.
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This theoretical case study starts from a brief critical discussion of Eurocentrism in translation studies, underscoring the importance of the efforts toward a more inclusive, truly global and culturally balanced approach to translation which are increasingly being made in our field, often under the banner of “the international turn.” However, the rejection of Eurocentrism leaves open a wide range of alternative models and approaches, and this paper aims to show that the search for alternatives is not without its own difficulties. For example, it might be tempting for non-European scholars to derive an alternative way of thinking about translation from translational practices and discourses in their own continent that appear to be at odds with what is perceived as the “European” model of translation. A post-colonial sensibility would seem to make this an extremely attractive proposition. This is the line of thinking which inspired Edwin Gentzler’s Translation and Identity in the Americas. New Directions in Translation Theory (2008). The paper enters into a critical dialogue with Gentzler’s book in order to argue the general thesis that the replacement of one (perceived) continent-based paradigm by another (perceived) continent-based paradigm is not the best way forward, suffering as it does from a range of methodological problems. The best way to overcome Eurocentrism is not to construct and promote an American continentalism (“translation in the American sense”) as an alternative to it, or any other nationally or continentally defined concept of translation, for that matter.
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Sanzo, Joseph E. "The Innovative Use of Biblical Traditions for Ritual Power: The Crucifixion of Jesus on a Coptic Exorcistic Spell (Brit. Lib. Or. 6796[4], 6796) as a Test Case." Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 16, no. 1 (November 13, 2015): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arege-2014-0007.
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Abstract In this paper, I explore the creative use of biblical traditions in so-called “magical” texts through a detailed analysis of the crucifixion tradition on Brit. Lib. Or. 6796(4), 6796, a seventh-century CE spell for exorcism. I examine three overlapping ways in which the practitioner interacts with the crucifixion story: selection and arrangement of pre-existing traditions; invention of new elements of the story; and the juxtaposition of word and image. I then reflect on the implications of the crucifixion tradition in this spell for analyzing the relationship between biblical traditions and metonymy in “magical” texts, more generally.
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Adam, Robert. "The role of evolution and invention of tradition in identity and the built environment." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.378.
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Tradition is often presented as simply the past and a static phenomenon. This view can be shared by some supporters of tradition in architecture and urbanism, leading to a valorisation of literal past form and detail. Social analysis of tradition acknowledges that it is a more complex and not static phenomenon. At the same time, the concept of the invention of tradition is widely used to discredit tradition itself. This paper departs from the work of Halbwachs and subsequent studies on collective identity, Boyd and Richerson on Dual Inheritance Theory, Shils on the ubiquity of tradition and Cohen on the sociology of identity, amongst others. This is combined with case studies in the evolution and invention of tradition. The paper presents the applicability of changing and invented traditions that foment social cohesion and how their use in design can respond to community identity.
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Feuerstein, Georg. "Table of Contents & Editorial." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.9.1.k64v232r248g7505.
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Yoga therapy has been called a modern invention. This is only partially true, however,for even the most ancient Yoga traditions—to be found in the Vedic hymnodies of c. 2000-4000 B.C.E.— mention the health benefits of a spiritual (read: yogic) lifestyle. Yoga-cikitsa is the traditional name for yogic therapeutic intervention.
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Wang, Pan. "Inventing traditions: television dating shows in the People’s Republic of China." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 4 (May 6, 2016): 504–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716648493.
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Chinese dating shows emerged in the late 1980s and initially were a space for marriage advertisement for individuals. It has then evolved into an entertainment arena for singles to show talent, discuss, and interact with one another. The evolution of the shows not only reflects the changing preference of television viewers but also testifies the broader changes of social and gender relations, media regulations, as well as the different values and identities across generations. By examining the invention and reinvention processes of China’s television dating shows, the article argues that dating shows played a significant role in advancing traditional marriage matchmaking culture through (re)invention of new traditions. In doing so, it has not only created new television genres but also mobilized the audience to discuss love and marriage and to voice their opinions on a rapidly changing society.
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Viljoen, F. P., and A. E. Buglass. "The Resurrection of Jesus: do extra-canonical sources change the landscape?" Verbum et Ecclesia 26, no. 3 (October 3, 2005): 851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v26i3.254.
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The resurrection of Jesus is assumed by the New Testament to be a historical event. Some scholars argue, however, that there was no empty tomb, but that the New Testament accounts are midrashic or mythological stories about Jesus. In this article extra-canonical writings are investigated to find out what light it may throw on intra-canonical tradition. Many extra-canonical texts seemingly have no knowledge of the passion and resurrection, and such traditions may be earlier than the intra-canonical traditions. Was the resurrection a later invention? Are intra-canonical texts developments of extra-canonical tradition, or vice versa? This article demonstrates that extra-canonical texts do not materially alter the landscape of enquiry.
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Casacuberta, David, and Anna Estany. "Convergence between experiment and theory in the processes of invention and innovation." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 34, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.17921.
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This article starts from the debate in philosophy of science between the theoretical and the experimental traditions, and it aims to show its relation with the study of innovation and invention processes in science, thus crossing the most theoretical approaches of the philosophy of science with issues more related to the philosophy of technology and applied science. In this way we analyze the interrelation between experiment and theory in the processes of invention and innovation and connect the fields of theoretical and applied science, thus showing the continuity between them. That way, we can also show how in science there is always mutual dependence on theory and experimentation, and how that dependence can also be extrapolated to the processes of innovation and invention.Taking as starting point the debate around the theoretical and experimental traditions, we will see to what extent the arguments that question the theoretical traditions and opt for the experimental ones fit with the phenomena of invention and innovation. The case that we are going to take as a reference to apply this analysis is that of «machine learning», as a branch of computational algorithms designed to emulate human intelligence by learning from the environment. This field is relevant because, in spite of its eminently theoretical nature –in substance it is applied mathematics–, it presents a whole series of characteristics that makes it very similar to the analysis from the experimental traditions.
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Wongpolganan, Juajan. "Mon Nationalism and the Invention of Traditions: The Case of the Mons in their Diasporic Communities." MANUSYA 10, no. 1 (2007): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01001004.
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This essay is aimed to describe and analyze the invention of Mon traditions by applying Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger’s concept of invented traditions. As I found in my observations in the field and in archival research, the Mons in their homeland and their diasporic communities overseas have invented a number of traditions in order to show solidarity. These include national costumes, a national flag, a national anthem, and a national day.
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Galiev, Anuar. "Mythologization of History and the Invention of Tradition in Kazakhstan." Oriente Moderno 96, no. 1 (August 18, 2016): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340094.
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This paper is dedicated to the issue of mythologized history andthe invention of traditions in independent Kazakhstan. Every nation state encounters this phenomenon, but it is particularly relevant during the struggle for independent and the process of state building. In this article the author reviews different sources for this in Kazakhstanand reviews often-encountered topics, which are used by mythologizators. First of all, there is the effort to show that the Kazakhs are a very ancient people and tribes and people that were well-known in ancient history like the Sumerians, Sakas, Huns and other ethnic groups were in fact Kazakh tribes. They also often try to prove that Chingiz khan was a Kazakh. Most of those who create these myths are not professional historians, they are mobilizorsof ethnicity, and usually they are physicists, mathematicians, and engineers. They invent traditions too. The mythologized history of Kazakhstan has various functions, one of them to delineate the territory of state. Another is to prove the special claims to authority of some Kazakh tribes. These myths are also used to counter the claims of other peoples to the territory of Kazakhstan.
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Todorova, Maria. "The Balkans: From Discovery to Invention." Slavic Review 53, no. 2 (1994): 453–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2501301.
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Beyond and below what was once Czechoslovakia lie the deep Balkans. They are, it has been said, a sort of hell paved with the bad intentions of the powersBy the beginning of the twentieth century Europe had added to its repertoire of Schimpfwörter, or disparagements, a new one which turned out to be more persistent than others with centuries old traditions. "Balkanization" not only had come to denote the parcelization of large and viable political units but also had become a synonym for a reversion to the tribal, the backward, the primitive, the barbarian. In its latest hypostasis, particularly in American academe, it has been completely decontextualized and paradigmatically related to a variety of problems.
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Iricinschi, Eduard. "Jörg Ulrich, Anders-Christian Jacobsen & David Brakke (Eds.): Invention, Rewriting, Usurpation: Discursive Fights over Religious Traditions in Antiquity." Entangled Religions 3 (June 23, 2016): LXIV—LXIX. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/er.v3.2016.lxiv-lxix.
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This contribution offers a review of:Jörg Ulrich, Anders-Christian Jacobsen & David Brakke (Eds.): Invention, Rewriting, Usurpation: Discursive Fights over Religious Traditions in Antiquity.Berlin: Peter Lang. 2012. XVI + 322 pages, 1 table, ISBN 978-3-631-63538-4 (hardcover)
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Kyrchanoff, Maksym W. "Caucasian Prisoners, or How Georgian Intellectuals Invent Traditions and (re)Produce Meanings." Journal of Frontier Studies 5, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 72–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v5i3.153.
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The author of the article analyses various cultural tactics, practices and strategies that Georgian intellectuals used for the invention of traditions and the (re)production of meanings. The author presumes that various cultural practices and social strategies of Georgian intellectuals became the main incentives for the transformation of traditional local groups into the Georgian modern nation. The history of the 20th century promoted the fragmentation of Georgian intelligentsia. The disintegration of the USSR, the resto-ration of state sovereignty and political independence of Georgia became powerful stimuli for the radical and deep fragmentation of the thinking-class into intelligentsia and intellectuals. The author states that intelligentsia and intellectuals coexist in modern Georgia simultaneously, but this social and cultural cohabitation is temporary because the intelligentsia became an endangered social and cultural category. Georgian intellec-tuals are genetic heirs of the old intelligentsia. The permanent voluntary and forced par-ticipation in the imagination of the nation and the invention of traditions as the for-mation and promotion of new myths brings together intelligentsia and intellectuals. The dynamics of the 20th century turned Georgian intellectuals into cultural hostages of modernization and processes of constant (re)production of the identities and meanings, including nation, space, freedom, independence etc.
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Doja, Albert. "Entre Invention Et Construction Des Traditions: L'héritage Historique et Culturel Des Albanais." Nationalities Papers 28, no. 3 (September 2000): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687477.
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Les événements dramatiques qui ont secoué l'Europe durant dix années à la suite du démembrement de la Yougoslavie, surtout le dernier épisode retentissant qui a affronté les Serbes et les Albanais pour le droit sur le Kosovo, ont impliqué aussi l'ensemble de la communauté internationale pour la défense d'un certain modèle de société et de relations entre groupes ethniques. Les opinions publiques en revanche, abasourdies par les bruits médiatiques et intellectualistes, n'ont toujours pas saisi la signification et les raisons du conflit, que tout le monde espère voir finir une fois pour toutes avec ce dernier et final épisode sanglant. En intégrant l'approche anthropologique aux considérations historiques et géopolitiques sur la région et la culture albanaise, cet article tentera de poser une question qui me paraît essentielle pour la compréhension des phénomènes actuels, à savoir si l'héritage historique et les identités culturelles peuvent raisonnablement, sinon justifier, au moins expliquer les conflits ethniques et le nationalisme, ou si au contraire ils servent tout simplement à déterminer et au mieux à rationaliser les relations interethniques entre groupes sociaux.
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Pohl, Benjamin, and Steven Vanderputten. "Fécamp, Cluny, and the Invention of Traditions in the Later Eleventh Century." Journal of Medieval Monastic Studies 5 (January 2016): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jmms.5.110837.
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FITCH, FABRICE, and NEIL HEYDE. "‘Recercar’ – The Collaborative Process as Invention." twentieth-century music 4, no. 01 (March 2007): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572207000539.
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AbstractThis article explores the notion of artistic collaboration between performer and composer, a topic that has attracted some attention but whose methodology might be thought to preclude objective discussion by the participants themselves. Although our report can make no claims to objectivity either, it attempts a critical reflection on a specific collaboration between the two authors as composer and performer, respectively. Cast in a dialogical format, it traces the genesis of a composition by Fabrice Fitch for speaking cellist,Per Serafino Calbarsi II: Le Songe de Panurge, written in 2002–3 and premiered in London in October 2006. The collaboration first evolved as a constant exchange of ideas in which concept, technique, and realization were held in fine balance. The piece engages a variety of frames of reference. If its stance in relation to the instrument clearly draws on certain contemporary traditions, for example Lachenmann’smusiqueconcrète instrumentale, other aspects draw on earlier idioms, notably a specialized instance ofscordatura, and the use of a spoken text (from the third book of Rabelais’sPantagruel) that recalls Marin Marais’sTableau de l’opération de la taille. The interferences and resonances between these influences pose aesthetic questions that are explored within the piece and its performance, while remaining open for the analyst and audience. Finally, the ‘extended techniques’ employed posed specific notational problems. The resulting score navigates a path between tablature and ‘traditional’ notation, in which the emphasis between what is heard and what is played shifts constantly. This hybrid status, we imagine, constitutes a challenge not only for the performer, but for the analyst as well.
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Galiyev, А. А., A. Zh Myrzakhmetova, and S. B. Galiyeva. "The ideology of Genghisism in the light of E. Hobsbaum’s theory «Invention of Traditions» (in the light of the 750th anniversary of the Golden Horde)." Bulletin of the Karaganda university. "History. Philosophy" series 98, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020hph2/81-89.
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Zinevich, Olga, and Yaroslav Chernenko. "Symbolic World of Modernizing Societies: Invented Traditions (The Case of Japan)." Ideas and Ideals 13, no. 2-2 (June 15, 2021): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2021-13.2.2-327-339.
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This article discusses the specifics of Japanese modernization laid down during the Meiji reforms, which is believed to have achieved a kind of viable synthesis of Western and non-Western patterns of behavior, thinking patterns, and complexes of symbolic elements and ideas. Japan in the second half of the 19th century was faced with the task of catching up with Western countries, which implied, for example, copying certain Western traditions and social institutions. Nevertheless, Japan managed to carry out its modernization quite successfully, without losing its national identity. Today Japan is already an object itself, whose modernization experience other countries are trying to copy. Thus, under the conditions of globalization, Japanese behavioral patterns and other socio-cultural elements are spreading. The authors of this article utilize the concept of Eric Hobsbawm’s “invented traditions” to reveal the specifics of Japanese modernization. This approach assumes that Meiji modernity was designed or “invented” by some consensus of the Japanese elites of that time. Thus, in order to achieve modernity, Japanese elites had to “invent” traditions in a certain way, so that people could accept said traditions as their own. The invention of traditions itself, in turn, is a complex process of constructing socio-cultural patterns during which new practices and behaviors are made to seem older than they actually are, emphasizing their originality and connection with the people’s past. In Meiji Japan, various groups of Japanese elites had their own designs for the invention of traditions, in other words, the achievement of modernity. The authors conclude that the winning model implemented by the Meiji government was quite successful and allowed Japan to compete with Western powers on relatively equal terms.
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Green, Kathryn L. "“Mande Kaba,” the Capital of Mali: A Recent Invention?" History in Africa 18 (1991): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172058.
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Historians who work in certain diaspora areas of the Mande people are frequently told by Mandekan speakers that their ancestors came from “Mande Kaba” (Kaaba). When reporting this, they usually then proceed to explain that Kaba is the Mande term for the French-named town of Kangaba, capital of the Mali empire. However, in my work on the precolonial state of Kong in northeastern Côte d'Ivoire, it became important to question exactly what this phrase means in the context of oral traditions and chronology.The hypothesis equating Kaba, Kangaba, and the capital of the Mali empire dates back in print to the early French studies of ancient Mali, and particularly to Maurice Delafosse, that prolific writer on West African oral traditions, religion, and languages. In his 1912 magnum opus, Haut-Sénégal-Niger, Delafosse cited Kangaba, “sans doute” as the capital of the pre-Sunjata “royaume” of Mali. In his annotation of the French translation of the mid-seventeenth century compilation, Ta'rikh al-Fattash, Delafosse again presented this idea. The Ta'rikh stated that “[t]he town which served previously as the capital of the emperor of Mali was named Diêriba [jāriba]; following, there was another named Niani [Yan.”In a note Delafosse explained that Diêriba “is also the name of the town called Kangaba on our [French] maps, which after having been the first capital of the manding empire, is still today the chief town of the province of Manding or Malli.” He was most likely relaying information from his interpretation of traditions as well as his own personal observations of early twentieth-century Kangaba. The Keita family, claiming descent from Sunjata Keita, the founder of the Mali empire, enjoyed political control of Kangaba, and were recognized as having held this position for some time.
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Largier, Niklaus. "Mysticism, Modernity, and the Invention of Aesthetic Experience." Representations 105, no. 1 (2009): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2009.105.1.37.
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In this article I argue that Luther's critique of the radical reformers establishes a specific distinction between the spiritual and the secular. It excludes the use of inspired speech and mystical tropes from legitimate readings of the Bible and from the political sphere. In doing so, Luther's intervention not only neutralizes certain mystical traditions but also prepares the grounds for the use of mystical tropes in a new epistemological space, the realm of aesthetic experience and self-fashioning, and for the discussions about aesthetics in modernity.
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Sharp, Zachary Daniel. "“Fitter to Please the Court Than the School”: Courtly and Paideutic Rhetoric in Elizabethan Poetics." Rhetorica 38, no. 1 (2020): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2020.38.1.57.
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This paper argues that Elizabethan handbooks on poetics enact two coevolving traditions in the history of rhetoric and poetics: one sees poetry as a rhetorical art of stylistic invention, while the other sees it as an object of study, analysis, and ethical training. To show this, I examine George Puttenham's Art of English Poesy and contrast it with William Scott's recently discovered Model of Poesy. Puttenham demonstrates how poetic style works as a tool of rhetorical invention; Scott, on the other hand, treats poetics as a method of literary critical analysis. Scott's poetics, I argue, is derived from a “paideutic” tradition, the aims of which mirror those found in educational treatises that concern the hermeneutic training students received in English grammar schools. Puttenham, writing for courtiers, instead makes a case for poetics as a means of rhetorical adaptation at court—his handbook, in short, shows poetry to be a rhetorical and pragmatic art of verbal performance that exists outside the schoolroom.
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Chomakhashvili, Olena. "Activity of legal education regarding the popularization of inventive activity." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62020.234061.
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Keywords: inventor activity, invention, inventions, intellectual property
The article is sanctified to the debatable question of necessity orimpossibility of popularization of inventor activity. The review of concepts is done invention,inventor activity, inventor. Possibilities are considered as exactly the state musttake care to the questions of creation of necessary terms for maintenance and strengtheningof the intellectual potential, and also for the search of ways of him quality development.Foreign experience is analysed in the field of it. The special attention is spared toorganization of work of young people through competitive activity, that became important direction of public policy of the almost entire industrially developed countries. Successfulrealization of scientific and technical and innovative politics in Ukraine is impossiblewithout activation of creative individuality and invention, that it is directly relatedto development of both higher and professional education.Successful implementation of scientific, technical and innovation policy in Ukraine isimpossible without the activation of creative individuality and invention, which is directlyrelated to the development of both higher and professional education. The materialand technical base of many (especially technical) higher education institutions today isoutdated, in need of updating, as well as teaching methods. The system of branch institutesof advanced training has also been destroyed, enterprises do not have the funds forin-house training, the motivation for inventive activity has decreased.It is important to maintain a positive experience. The organization of youth creativitythrough competitive activities has become an important area of public policy in almostall industrialized countries. One of the main directions of the invention is the state programsfor the development of technical creativity of youth. Ministries and departments,corporations and firms take part in the implementation of such programs. The WIPOconducted a study aimed at generalizing progressive forms and methods of state stimulationof inventive activity in industrialized countries.The Ukraine, unlike industrialized countries, does not have such a long tradition inholding such competitions. But what has already been done is valuable to society. It remainsto multiply this experience.
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Wan, Marco. "The invention of tradition: Same-sex marriage and its discontents in Hong Kong." International Journal of Constitutional Law 18, no. 2 (July 2020): 539–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moaa026.
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Abstract In Leung Chun Kwong v. Secretary for the Civil Service, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal held that the government unlawfully discriminated against a gay civil servant by refusing to recognize his same-sex marriage—entered into abroad—when considering the granting of local spousal benefits and joint tax assessment. The year before, in QT v. Director of Immigration, the court had ruled against the government for denying the partner of a British lesbian a dependant visa on the basis of her sexual orientation. QT and Leung Chun Kwong are landmarks in the rapidly evolving jurisprudence on same-sex marriage in the territory. This article presents an analysis of the Hong Kong cases relating to gay rights and same-sex marriage. It contends that, even though the need to protect traditional marriage is cited as a reason against marriage equality in many jurisdictions, the claim is particularly problematic in Hong Kong, given the city’s unique marriage history. It draws on the historian Eric Hobsbawm’s notion of “the invention of tradition” to argue that the rhetoric of traditional marriage conjures up an imagined past that displaces a vast and varied set of long-standing marital practices. By exploring government reports and records pertaining to Chinese marriages in colonial Hong Kong, this article then examines these forgotten traditions and demonstrates their significance for understanding the marriage equality debate in the territory in our own time.
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Boldāne-Zeļenkova, Ilze. "The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic." Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jef-2019-0012.
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Abstract This study, based on archive document research and analysis of publications by Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) ethnographers, discusses the process of invention and implementation of Socialist traditions and the role of scientists in this. The introduction of Soviet traditions in Latvia did not begin immediately after the Second World War when the communist occupation regime was restored. The occupation regime in the framework of an anti-religious campaign turned to the transformation of traditions that affect individual’s private sphere and relate to church rituals – baptism, confirmation, weddings, funerals, Latvian cemetery festivities – in the second half of 1950s, along with the implementation of revolutionary and labour traditions. In order to achieve the goals set by the Communist Party, a new structure of institutions was formed and specialists from many fields were involved, including ethnographers from the Institute of History at the LSSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter – LSSR AS). Ethnographers offered recommendations, as well as observed and analysed the process, discussing it in meetings of official commissions and sharing the conclusions in scientific publications, presentations, etc.
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Kuitert, Lisa. "The Art of Printing in the Dutch East Indies." Quaerendo 50, no. 1-2 (June 4, 2020): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341462.
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Abstract In the Netherlands, and elsewhere, too, Laurens Janszoon Coster of Haarlem, and not Gutenberg, was long thought to have been the inventor of the art of printing. The myth—for that is what it was—was only definitively repudiated at the end of the nineteenth century, though some continued to believe in Coster until their dying breath. The Coster myth was deployed to give the history of the Netherlands status and international prestige. This article concerns the extent to which Coster’s supposed invention was known in the Dutch East Indies—today’s Indonesia, a Dutch colony at that time—and what its significance was there. After all, heroes, national symbols and traditions, whether invented or not, are the building blocks of cultural nationalism. Is this also true for Laurens Janszoon Coster in his colonial context?
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Sen, Atreyee. "Inventing "women's history"." Focaal 2009, no. 54 (June 1, 2009): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2009.540103.
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This article focuses on oral traditions created by slum women affiliated with the Hindu nationalist Shiv Sena movement in Bombay, and explores the ways in which these invented traditions allowed marginalized women to enter a martial, masculinist "Hindu" history. It shows how poor, rough women used the limited resources available in the slums, especially in the context of rising communal hostilities, to gain a "respectable past." Furthermore, the article analyzes how everyday practices and performances of women's strategic "history-telling" worked to politically mobilize poor women cadres and impacted gender dynamics in contested urban spaces. The invention of traditions of female martiality reflects the potential of right-wing political women to assert a controversial position within the dominantly patriarchal structures of the slums in particular, and the extremist movement in general. The article discusses the mytho-histories told by women to negotiate their present gendered social environment; paradoxically, the martial content of these historical stories also allowed women to nurture a perpetual threat of communal discord and renegotiate their position with male cadres within a violent movement.
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Huxman, Susan Schultz, and Gerald Biesecker-Mast. "In the World But Not of It: Mennonite Traditions as Resources for Rhetorical Invention." Rhetoric & Public Affairs 7, no. 4 (2004): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rap.2005.0028.
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King, Matthew William. "Binding Buddhas and Demons to Text: The Mongol Invention of the Dorjé Shukden and Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen Literary Corpus (1913–1919)." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 73, no. 4 (April 26, 2020): 713–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2019-0036.
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AbstractThis article examines previously unstudied historical sources from seventeenth–twentieth century Khalkha, Mongolia concerning the controversial Dorjé Shukden tradition (Tib. Rdo rje shugs ldan; Kh. Mong. Dorjshüg). In the last quarter-century, the current Dalai Lama has imposed a controversial global ban on the practice that has cleaved Tibetan and Mongolian communities from one another, led to much bloodshed, and the splitting of the institutional base of the transnational Géluk (Tib. Dge lugs) tradition. Anti-Shukden polemicists and the small body of contemporary secondary scholarship on the schism attribute the rise of Shukden traditions to a hyper-conservative faction of monks based in Lhasa during the early twentieth century. They are credited with elevating Shukden, a violent regional spirit, to the high position of an enlightened protector of the Dharma. This article troubles that historical position, showing how developed Shukden traditions existed in Khalkha a century before the Lhasa movement. It then advances a new working hypothesis on the origins and enduring appeal of the Shukden tradition, which is that it is a long-running expression of the trans-Asian (and now, transnational) expansion of Géluk scholasticism far beyond the political dominions of the Dalai Lamas over the course of the Qing and Tsarist empires, the rise of nationalist and socialist government in Inner Asia, the exercise of profound socialist state violence, and the experience of global diaspora.
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Dahlig, Piotr. "Folklorism as an Invention of the State. Contributions of Polish Ethnomusicologists in Historical Perspective." Musicology Today 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2018-0004.
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Abstract Folklorism is presented as a component of culture change. The aim of the article is to show how ethno- and musicologists, folklorists, music teachers, broadcasters, and others, have influenced traditional peasant culture in times of fundamental transformation during the 20th century, and how they have contributed to its documentation, understanding and invention of new meanings, including the Polishness of folklore in Poland. This review aims to exemplify this process. Each European country has its own history in this respect. The text consists of three parts. In the first one, folklore is confronted with social history; the second one is dedicated to generations of ethnomusicologists; the third one is dedicated to contemporary functions of music traditions and the role of ethnomusicologists, with emphasis on applied ethnomusicology. The comments on applied ethnomusicology summarise the author’s experiences acquired during field research in Poland since 1975 and attempt to demonstrate how the past (of traditional culture and music, including re/invented national values) is being transformed in the present or, rather, how history fuses with the present time.
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Bucur-Deckard, Maria. "Alex Drace-Francis, The Traditions of Invention: Romanian Ethnic and Social Stereotypes in Historical Context." European History Quarterly 45, no. 1 (December 18, 2014): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691414561177h.
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Ybema, Sierk. "The invention of transitions: History as a symbolic site for discursive struggles over organizational change." Organization 21, no. 4 (June 8, 2014): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508414527255.
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Studies interested in the discursive use of ‘the past’ often view history as an organizational resource designed to create a shared origin and a common purpose, promoting a sense of continuity and commitment among organizational stakeholders. In this article, I view ‘history’ instead as a symbolic site for discursive struggles between proponents and opponents of organizational change. It shows how organizational actors use ‘traces’ of a collective past in their version of ‘the’ history to win consent for change and to counter competing views. They do so by creating a sense of discontinuity from the past. The case study presented in this article combines a historian’s account of a newspaper’s history with an ethnographic account of the use of history prevalent among newspaper editors. While the historian’s narrative suggests the continuance of some vigorous traditions alongside identity change, the editors narratively construct or ‘invent’ transitions between periods or episodes while disregarding the organization’s traditions in their everyday talk. Storying the past, present and future in terms of a temporal dichotomy and ‘inventing’ transitions departs from existing studies of rhetorical history that tend to highlight invented traditions which establish or reaffirm continuity with the past. The case analysis shows how the editors selectively and strategically deploy history to accomplish or oppose change as part of ongoing negotiations within the editorial staff.
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Cinnamon, John M. "Fieldwork, Orality, Text: Ethnographic and Historical Fields of Knowledge in Colonial and Postcolonial Gabon." History in Africa 38 (2011): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2011.0010.
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I can claim no direct pedigree from African Studies at Wisconsin, but one of my own graduate school mentors, Robert Harms, benefitted from David Henige's and Jan Vansina's influence; all three have profoundly marked my own approaches to the historical anthropology of equatorial Africa. In this paper I draw on David Henige's illuminating and still relevant insights into the problem of “feedback,” in light of a key methodological preoccupation in my own discipline of anthropology – “fieldwork.” In particular I want to suggest how ethnographic fields are formed over time through a layering process that involves ongoing cycles of intertwined oral and written traditions.Henige's 1973 article, “The Problem of Feedback in Oral Tradition,” prefigures by a full decade Terence Ranger's highly influential essay on “The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa.” In that 1973 article, Henige argued that given traditions were “dynamic over time.” British Indirect Rule had led the Fante of the Gold Coast to devise new oral traditions in order to take advantage of opportunities of British Colonialism. In particular, he cites the ways printed sources, especially the Bible, but also the Qur'an, colonial sources, publications, and later scholarly works, have all found their way back into oral accounts. Henige also suggests that pre-colonial oral traditions also would have been continually reworked; present practices suggest considerable adaptability and flexibility in the past.
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Lewis, Hannah M., and Kevin N. Laland. "Transmission fidelity is the key to the build-up of cumulative culture." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1599 (August 5, 2012): 2171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0119.
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Many animals have socially transmitted behavioural traditions, but human culture appears unique in that it is cumulative, i.e. human cultural traits increase in diversity and complexity over time. It is often suggested that high-fidelity cultural transmission is necessary for cumulative culture to occur through refinement, a process known as ‘ratcheting’, but this hypothesis has never been formally evaluated. We discuss processes of information transmission and loss of traits from a cognitive viewpoint alongside other cultural processes of novel invention (generation of entirely new traits), modification (refinement of existing traits) and combination (bringing together two established traits to generate a new trait). We develop a simple cultural transmission model that does not assume major evolutionary changes (e.g. in brain architecture) and show that small changes in the fidelity with which information is passed between individuals can lead to cumulative culture. In comparison, modification and combination have a lesser influence on, and novel invention appears unimportant to, the ratcheting process. Our findings support the idea that high-fidelity transmission is the key driver of human cumulative culture, and that progress in cumulative culture depends more on trait combination than novel invention or trait modification.
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JONES, EMILY. "CONSERVATISM, EDMUND BURKE, AND THE INVENTION OF A POLITICAL TRADITION, c. 1885–1914." Historical Journal 58, no. 4 (October 29, 2015): 1115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000661.
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AbstractThis article addresses the reputation of Edmund Burke and his transformation into the ‘founder of modern conservatism’. It argues that this process occurred primarily between 1885 and 1914 in Britain. In doing so, this article challenges the existing orthodoxy which attributes this development to the work of Peter Stanlis, Russell Kirk, and other conservative American scholars. Moreover, this article historicizes one aspect of the construction of C/conservatism as both an intellectual (small-c) and political (capital-C) tradition. Indeed, though the late Victorian and Edwardian period saw the construction of political traditions of an entirely novel kind, the search for ‘New Conservatism’ has been neglected by comparison with New Liberalism. Thus, this study explores three main themes: the impact of British debates about Irish Home Rule on Burke's reputation and status; the academic systematization of Burke's work into a ‘political philosophy of conservatism’; and, finally, the appropriation of Burke by Conservative Unionists during the late Edwardian constitutional crisis. The result is to show that by 1914 Burke had been firmly established as a ‘conservative’ political thinker whose work was directly associated with British Conservatism.
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Miazek, Jan. "Handwritten pre-Tridentine Pontificals." Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne 31, no. 4 (December 2, 2018): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30439/wst.2018.4.8.
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The article presents the history of pontificals, which are a bishop's liturgical books, beginning with their creation in the 9th century till the 16th century. The following pontificals are analysed in detail: Roman-Germanic Pontifical of the 10th century, Roman Pontifical of the 12th century, Roman Curia Pontifical of the 13th century and William Durand's Pontifical of the 13th century. In the article the process of geographical spreading of pontificals was also demonstrated. The history of pontificals shows how liturgical traditions were spreading and mixing with each other: Roman tradition came into contact with the tradition from the Frankish countries, and from the Frankish countries it was transferred to Rhenish countries. There the pontifical was modified and came back to Rome. In this form, thanks to the invention of printing, it spread in the whole Church.
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Heinrich, Kurt F. J. "The Life and Achievements of Raymond Castaing." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, no. 5 (October 1998): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927698210506.
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The father of instrumental microanalysis, Raymond Castaing, died on April 10, 1998. With him, we lost one of the outstanding figures in modern materials characterization. He was creative and innovative in physical research, in invention of instruments, in teaching, and in science management. At a time when science tends toward an inexorable division into smaller and more specialized provinces, an investigator of truly wide-ranging interests and capabilities, in the best traditions of renaissance curiosity, has left us.
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Chaves, Mariana, and Pedro Nuñez. "Youth and Politics in Democratic Argentina: Inventing Traditions, Creating New Trends (1983–2008)." YOUNG 20, no. 4 (November 2012): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/110330881202000404.
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This article has three objectives. First, to present the trajectories of youth studies, in particular about youth and politics, in Argentina from 1983 to 2008. This section is the centre of the article and it is organized in three axes, we will first show the link between the historical context and the possibility of research on youth, both for their appearance as objects of study and for the development of social sciences in Argentina. Then we will detail this background that constitutes what we call ‘the invention of tradition’, and we will pass on to a characterization of current tendencies in the field of youth studies and politics. The second objective is to present through a case study (participation in secondary schools) some discussions regarding the link between youth and politics. Finally, we will discuss youth and politics as an academic and societal preoccupation in the light of the aforementioned processes.
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Savransky, Martin. "How It Feels to Think: Experiencing Intellectual Invention." Qualitative Inquiry 24, no. 9 (October 5, 2017): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800417733490.
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This article explores some aspects of what happens, and what can happen, in the complex practice we commonly refer to as “thinking.” Of all the practices involved in the messy processes we call research, “thinking” is perhaps the most pervasive and widespread. Yet, it also remains the most opaque. Thinking happens, but it is seldom spoken about. The theories we normally engage with never say how they come about. Surely, philosophers of various traditions have dedicated countless pages to the question of what thought is, and some social scientists have recently attempted to theorize “methods” of theorizing in research. Such accounts, however, tend to remain at odds with the hesitant, playful, and profoundly eventful experience of thinking-feeling in and through research. The experience, that is, that thoughts often think other thoughts, that they happen to us, and that thinking therefore involves an art of learning to confer on ideas the capacity to make us think. In this article, I seek not to make grand claims about the nature of thought, but to make perceptible the dramatic and perplexing experience that thinking can constitute. In so doing, I draw on the work of philosopher of heuristics, Judith Schlanger, whose central aim has been to come to terms with the adventure of what she terms “intellectual invention.” The task is to open up a different—if never fully transparent—conversation about how it feels to think.
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Kurniawan, Agus. "ASPEK-ASPEK KELISANAN DALAM PROSALIRIS PENGAKUAN PARIYEM KARYA LINUS SURYADI AG." MABASAN 8, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 14–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/mab.v8i1.269.
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The development of modern printed traditional arts is highly influcing the development of Indonesia literatures. The production phase from a traditional to amechanical industry affects to both the number of the literature productions and its supporting community. Tthe development of moderent printed media is also considered to signal the and of the classic literature tradition as well as the birth of a modern literature tradition. Moreover ,the invention of the printed machine production technique is also considered to end the oral tradition in Indonesia community as well as to start a new tradition,the script tradition.The easily accusable literature trigger literature trigger literature activities to leave spirit as in the oral tradition, in cartain condition ,it could be tolerated ,however Indonesian community is not totally leave out the oral tradition in their literature activity .this paper describes the path of folklore existing in literarature traditions in Indonesia community .by analyzing the lyrical prose of pengakuan perayem by linus suryadi Ag.,it is found out that the exiting of verbal aspects shows that Indonesia people have not totally moved to script literature .this research applies two theories ,namely are folklore theory by walter j.ong and hegemony theory by Gramsci, folklore the oral aspect in a text, while hegemony theory is used to expectcts in a text while hegemony theory is used to explain the oral aspects in a text, while hegemony theory is used to explain the oral aspects a Javanese perspective.
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Pavlenko, Iva. "The Genesis of Socio-Philosophical Understanding of the Peace and War Relationship in the Social World Development." Grani 24, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172117.
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The article is devoted to research the genesis of the relationship between peace and war in the development of the social world was determined. It was found that the social world in concrete historical manifestations was considered by philosophers through the functioning of state-building processes of government and self-organization, and the absolutization of one of them led to war, and harmonization – to peace. The stages of formation of the problem were traced and the traditions of understanding the social world were determined. The first stage was characterized by the study of the world as a cosmic phenomenon – in the natural philosophical, mythological and cosmogonic traditions – and social – in the socio-organic, polis, paternalistic-subject traditions. The second stage – the dominance of the theocentric position – was characterized by the distinction between Heaven and Earth. The third stage – modernism – was marked by the dominance of the objectified world in connection with the invention of printing, the development of the institute of education, institutionalization of science. The fourth – stage of industrial institutionalization and world institutions, which was characterized by the consideration of peace and war as a world phenomenon, marked by ideological, idealistic, materialistic, managerial, psychological and peacekeeping traditions. In the fifth – the stage of information and virtual worlds formation, which took place in the integrity of the relationship “society – technology”, it was highlighted the system-holistic tradition. The sixth is the modern stage of the synergetic world, defined by the phenomena of hybrid and network war and peace and connected with the hybrid, network and synergetic traditions. Here the problem of the world as a whole in the dynamic uncertainty and technological aspect of the subjects’ activity is actualized.
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Lazzaro, Claudia. "Rustic Country House to Refined Farmhouse: The Evolution and Migration of an Architectural Form." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 44, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 346–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990113.
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This study seeks to isolate a distinctive architectural tradition of the countryside in Italy through the examination of a single building type which served, over the course of its history, as both a country house for landowners and a farmhouse for tenant farmers. The hipped-roof block with central hipped-roof belvedere, apparently the invention of Vignola, appeared as a country house in Tuscany and Latium from the 1560s through the early 18th century. The sources of this building type reside in the local traditions of the countryside, castles, and farmhouses, and in the designs for country houses by several architects from the beginning of the 16th century which classicized, but still recalled, existing rural forms. The associations with both landowners and workers made it the preferred building type for the construction of new farmhouses under the land reforms of the late 18th century. This study of the development of a country house type and the characteristics of farmhouse architecture reveals that the two building traditions repeatedly interacted and that no clear distinction between monumental and vernacular architecture can be made, but rather that buildings in the countryside shared a set of symbolic forms particular to their setting.
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Sugiarto, Eko, and Dian Haryanti. "IDENTIFIKASI KEARIFAN LOKAL SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA TARIK WISATA GREEN VILLAGE GEDANGSARI DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL." Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah 11, no. 03 (September 30, 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v11i03.97.
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This study aims to identify local wisdom in Green Village Gedangsari, Gunungkidul Regency. This research uses qualitative method with combined data collection technique, there are observation, interview, and documentation. Some invention that have been identified as the findings of this research are (1) Tourism development in Green Village Gedangsari; (2) Some of the taboos that local people believe; (3) Local culinary; (4) The place of the sacred; (5) Nyadran and Rosulan Traditions; and (6) 4G development plan by Gedangsari community. These findings have the potential to increase tourist attraction in the Green Village Gedangsari region.
Keywords: Local Wisdom, Tourist Attractions
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LUNN-ROCKLIFFE, SOPHIE. "The Invention and Demonisation of an Ascetic Heresiarch: Philoxenus of Mabbug on the ‘Messalian’ Adelphius." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 68, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046916002839.
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In a letter to the monk Patricius, Philoxenus told a cautionary tale about the downfall of the monk Adelphius. He was said to have accepted a Satanic vision of the Holy Spirit, abandoned ascetic labour and become the founder of the heresy of the ‘Messalians’. This article places Philoxenus’ account against the longer background of the invention of ‘Messaliainism’, and in particular of Adelphius as Messalian heresiarch. It shows how Philoxenus drew on traditions about monks receiving Satanic visions found in ascetic literature. It also demonstrates that Philoxenus’ story reflected polemical claims that the Messalians, like other heretics, were inspired by demons and Satan.
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Manouelian, Edward. "Invented Traditions: Primitivist Narrative and Design in the Polish Fin de Siècle." Slavic Review 59, no. 2 (2000): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2697058.
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Around 1900, Poland saw the outgrowth of a nativist primitivism, one that consciously redefined the periphery as a site of cultural resistance. Primitivism, as Colin Rhodes points out, “does not designate an organized group of artists, or even an identifiable style arising at a particular historical moment, but rather brings together artists’ various reactions to ideas of the primitive.” Within the subject ethnicities of central Europe at the turn of the century, “ideas of the primitive” that were taking shape in the then stillemerging discipline of anthropology were influencing various constructions of national and regional identity. The nationalist imperative of the new discipline was emphasized by Jan Karlowicz, who, writing in 1906, argued that “a people certain of its own existence may calmly study its own folklore from a purely scientific point of view. Tribes deprived of their independence and living in endless fear of suppression and decay, however, must, while reflecting upon the nature and conditions of folkloric tradition, consider practical questions as part of such inquiries. For whenever reference is made to national peculiarities and attributes, there constantly arises the question: to be or not to be.” Karlowicz's remarks point toward a deeply subjective primitivist discourse whose articulations, in critical writing about the applied arts as well as literary representations of rural popular culture, form part of what Eric Hobsbawm terms the “invention of tradition.”