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Journal articles on the topic 'Invention of peace'
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Kustermans, Jorg. "Henry Maine and the Modern Invention of Peace." Journal of the History of International Law 20, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-20021014.
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AbstractThis articles examines Henry Maine’s arguments about the prospects of achieving a lasting and comprehensive peace. In a series of lectures on International Law, Maine famously held that ‘war is as old as mankind but peace is a modern invention’. The sentence situates Maine within a long-standing debate on the state of nature. The article reconstructs the meaning of the sentence by interpreting it in light of Maine’s broader theoretical framework and comparative-historical approach. An important conclusion of the article is that Maine never meant the sentence to express a gullible evolutionist perspective on the problem of war and peace. The invention of peace would not, Maine understood, solve the problem of war. Another important finding concerns the centrality of historical arguments to the debate on the state of nature. Proper historical consideration, the article concludes, does not resolve the problem of the state of nature, but dissolves it.
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II, John Whiteclay Chambers, and Michael Howard. "The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order." Journal of Military History 65, no. 4 (October 2001): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2677716.
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Ikenberry, G. John, and Michael Howard. "The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order." Foreign Affairs 80, no. 3 (2001): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20050169.
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Edwards, Aaron, and Cillian McGrattan. "Terroristic Narratives: On the (Re) Invention of Peace in Northern Ireland." Terrorism and Political Violence 23, no. 3 (July 2011): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2010.542074.
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Bond, Brian. "The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order Micheal Howard." English Historical Review 115, no. 464 (November 2000): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/115.464.1349.
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Bond, B. "The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order Micheal Howard." English Historical Review 115, no. 464 (November 1, 2000): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.464.1349.
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Sluzki, Carlos E. "Review of The Invention of Peace: Reflection on War and International Order." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 74, no. 1 (2004): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.74.1.89a.
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Rzhevska, V. S. "THE PERPETUAL PEACE PROJECTS AS A TREND IN THE SCHOLARLY THOUGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 141 (2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2019.141.1.38-45.
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The article investigates how the so-called perpetual peace projects contributed to the scholarly thought of international law. Such projects have been proposed for centuries and came to constitute a rather remarkable trend in human thought, many of them being created by people, prominent of history and representing various fields of activity. Although such projects may be considered an interdisciplinary invention, their contribution to the development of the concepts and ideas of international law can be esteemed as especially significant. The meaning of some famous examples of such projects is summarized. The conclusion is made that among the traces of the influence that the perpetual peace projects had upon the scholarly thought of international law are the preservation and propaganda of the idea of peace, the acknowledgment of law and its means as a valuable component of peace achievement, the investigation of the causes of peace-breaking and combating them, the formation of the principles of peaceful settlement of international disputes and of non-use of force or threat of force, the establishing of theoretical grounds for creating international organizations and elaborating the concept of collective security.
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Schein, Rebecca. "Educating Americans for “Overseasmanship”: The Peace Corps and the Invention of Culture Shock." American Quarterly 67, no. 4 (2015): 1109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.2015.0065.
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Castiblanco Jiméneza, Ivonne Angélica, Joan Paola Cruz González, and Carlos Rodrigo Ruiz Cruz. "Developing Systemic Thinking through Gamification with Invention System Kits." Academia y Virtualidad 14, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/ravi.4888.
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Developing countries like Colombia have understood that education is an effective strategy in closing social inequality gaps to improve population’s skills. In the last decade, coverage in higher education went from 30 to 50 percent. One of the most important factors in this achievement is Colombia’s transition to peace, increasing the development of the population towards higher levels of competitiveness and education. In consequence, it is necessary to reinforce the development of competences, to encourage systemic thinking that allows the solution of problems from a holistic view and achieves effective solutions in the improvement of the local industry. During this study, an applied ludic strategy involving an airplane assembly line made with Lego blocks is created, looking for an effective and practical education framework in teaching the attributes that generate impact in a production line of goods; in this way, students can be involved in a clear and creative manner in their search for solutions. This project was developed by member professors and students from an engineering education institution in Bogotá, Colombia. The results show that through gamification, students develop skills to take decisions leading to increase the production’s competitiveness from a systemic thinking view.
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Duncan, Mike. "The Missing Rhetorical History Between Quintilian and Augustine." Rhetorica 33, no. 4 (2015): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2015.33.4.349.
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Current histories of rhetoric neglect the early Christian period (ca. 30–430 CE) in several crucial ways–Augustine is overemphasized and made to serve as a summary of Christian thought rather than an endpoint, the texts of church fathers before 300 CE are neglected or lumped together, and the texts of the New Testament are left unexamined. An alternative outline of early Christian rhetoric is offered, explored through the angles of political self-invention, doctrinal ghostwriting, apologetics, and fractured sermonization. Early Christianity was not a monolithic religion that eventually made peace with classical rhetoric, but as a rhetorical force in its own right, and comprised of more factions early on than just the apostolic church.
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Pavlenko, Iva. "The Genesis of Socio-Philosophical Understanding of the Peace and War Relationship in the Social World Development." Grani 24, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172117.
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The article is devoted to research the genesis of the relationship between peace and war in the development of the social world was determined. It was found that the social world in concrete historical manifestations was considered by philosophers through the functioning of state-building processes of government and self-organization, and the absolutization of one of them led to war, and harmonization – to peace. The stages of formation of the problem were traced and the traditions of understanding the social world were determined. The first stage was characterized by the study of the world as a cosmic phenomenon – in the natural philosophical, mythological and cosmogonic traditions – and social – in the socio-organic, polis, paternalistic-subject traditions. The second stage – the dominance of the theocentric position – was characterized by the distinction between Heaven and Earth. The third stage – modernism – was marked by the dominance of the objectified world in connection with the invention of printing, the development of the institute of education, institutionalization of science. The fourth – stage of industrial institutionalization and world institutions, which was characterized by the consideration of peace and war as a world phenomenon, marked by ideological, idealistic, materialistic, managerial, psychological and peacekeeping traditions. In the fifth – the stage of information and virtual worlds formation, which took place in the integrity of the relationship “society – technology”, it was highlighted the system-holistic tradition. The sixth is the modern stage of the synergetic world, defined by the phenomena of hybrid and network war and peace and connected with the hybrid, network and synergetic traditions. Here the problem of the world as a whole in the dynamic uncertainty and technological aspect of the subjects’ activity is actualized.
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Czigányik, Zsolt. "From the Bright Future of the Nation to the Dark Future of Mankind: Jókai and Karinthy in Hungarian Utopian Tradition." Hungarian Cultural Studies 8 (January 22, 2016): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2015.213.
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After defining utopianism Czigányik gives a brief introduction to Hungarian utopian literature. While he discusses Tariménes utazása [‘The Voyage of Tariménes’], written by György Bessenyei in 1804, the utopian scenes of Imre Madách’s Az ember tragédiája [‘The Tragedy of Man’, 1862] and Frigyes Karinthy’s short utopian piece, Utazás Faremidoba [‘Voyage to Faremido’, 1916], the bulk of the paper deals with Mór Jókai’s monumental novel, A jövő század regénye, [‘The Novel of the Century to Come’, 1872]. Jókai, who had taken an active part in the 1848 uprising, depicts in this novel a future world of an imaginary twentieth century, where Hungary has primacy within the Habsburg empire (with the emperor king being Árpád Habsburg) and the invention of the airplane (by a Hungarian) brings lasting peace, stability and prosperity to the world. Besides introducing the Hungarian utopian tradition, the paper will reflect upon the role of individuals in imagined societies and how an agency-centered narrative overwrites the essentially structuralist view of history, that usually permeates utopias.
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Kreide, Regina. "Preventing Military Humanitarian Intervention? John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas on a Just Global Order." German Law Journal 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000948.
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We rarely witness wars between states anymore but this does not mean that there are fewer conflicts or less injustice worldwide. The contrary is true. More people than ever have become a victim of civil wars, other sub-state armed conflicts and genocide during recent years. The international community disagrees about how to react to gross human rights violations that occur in the course of these “new wars”: whereas some think this is a genuine task for the United Nations, others stress the argument of unrestrained national sovereignty as essential condition for international peace. Despite unceasing contestation, foreign interventions are nevertheless increasingly seen as an appropriate response to this kind of armed domestic conflicts – at least under certain conditions. The latest testimony in this direction is the emergence of an intense international debate over the “responsibility to protect”, which seeks to justify military invention in cases of a severe violation of individual negative rights of freedom.
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Reeh, Niels. "Inter-religious Conflict, Translation, and the Usage of the Early Modern Notion of ‘Religion’ from the Fall of Constantinople to the Westphalian Peace Treaty in 1648." Journal of Religion in Europe 13, no. 1-2 (December 9, 2020): 96–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-13010003.
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Abstract The article attempts to show that the modern notion of ‘religion’ is a construction that emerged in the context of inter-religious encounters following the fall of Constantinople and especially in the years around the Reformation. Hereby, the article argues that the modern notion of ‘religion’ emerged earlier than found by most previous studies, and that it was used in the legislation of the new Protestant states as well as in the modern (Westphalian) state-system, both of which it has been a part of ever since. The notion of ‘religion’ is, thus, not a scholarly invention (J.Z. Smith) or tied to colonialism (Timothy Fitzgerald) but rather a product of complex historical processes in which religious conflicts and the attempt to overcome these played a key role.
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Laware, Margaret L. "Circling the Missiles and Staining Them Red: Feminist Rhetorical Invention and Strategies of Resistance at the Women's Peace Camp at Greenham Common." NWSA Journal 16, no. 3 (October 2004): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/nws.2004.16.3.18.
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Peebles, P. "Sri Lanka. The Invention of Enmity. By David Little. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1994. 176 pages. $14.95 paper." Journal of Church and State 39, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/39.2.351.
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Ginty, Roger Mac, Rick Wilford, Lizanne Dowds, and Gillian Robinson. "Consenting Adults: The Principle of Consent and Northern Ireland's Constitutional Future." Government and Opposition 36, no. 4 (October 2001): 472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00077.
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‘If A Majority Of People In Northern Ireland Ever Voted To become part of a United Ireland what would you do?’ At first sight the question may seem plucked from the realms of constitutional fantasy. A united Ireland seems an unlikely prospect, at least in anything but the long term. Even proponents of unity predict a 15–20 year wait. Yet the 1998 Good Friday Agreement empowers the people of Northern Ireland to decide their own constitutional future. As a result questions on Northern Ireland's future constitutional status, and public reactions to possible changes in that status, are relevant to current political debate.It is important to note that the principle of consent is not a new constitutional invention. It has had a long association with Northern Ireland. It is argued that the peace process and the 1998 Good Friday Agreement have refocused attention on the long-standing consent principle. While consent was part of the constitutional furniture it was often overlooked during the Troubles.This article re-examines consent in the light of the peace process. It draws on evidence from the 1998 and 1999/2000 Northern Ireland Life and Times surveys, as well as a number of in-depth interviews with senior politicians and policy-makers involved in the peace process and the negotiations on a political settlement. First it considers the changing significance of the consent principle to Northern Ireland's constitutional status, arguing that the principle has assumed a renewed immediacy. Secondly, the article reports the findings of the two most recent Northern Ireland Life and Times surveys in relation to constitutional preferences. While public attitudes towards a unitary Ireland or continued Union within the United Kingdom have been surveyed regularly, as far as the authors are aware no previous survey has asked whether people would accept or oppose constitutional change if it was supported by a majority of Northern Ireland's citizens. In other words, no survey has gauged the level of public acceptance of the consent principle. The key question is: would unionists be prepared to come quietly if a majority of Northern Ireland's citizens voted to accept a united Ireland?
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Nor, Hidayah Nor. "Content Analysis on Potential Character Inclusion in Listening I Course Syllabus and Materials." Indonesian TESOL Journal 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/itj.v1i1.552.
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: The development of programs of study, learning and teaching resources, lesson plans and assessment of students, and even teacher education are all based on curriculum. It is also related to the integration of character education in the learning process carried out from the planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning in all subjects and it can be adopted in making lesson planning (syllabus, lesson plans and teaching materials). Since character education has recently become an important issue in the Indonesian education system, this research examines the potential incorporation of the character education in Listening 1 course syllabus and materials by doing content analysis. The findings reveal that there are 18 characters of education that can be applied in the syllabus, they are Caring and Compassionate, Creative, Curious, Democratic, Discipline, Empathy, Honest, Inclusion/Communicative, Independent, Love Peace, Love Reading, Love the Nation, Nationalistic, Religious, Responsible, Sportive and Respectful, Tolerant, and Work hard. Those characters are incorporated to the 10 topics (Meeting people for the first time, Families, Numbers, Let’s eat, Free time, Gifts, Part time jobs, Celebration, Invention, and Folktales) and also include in Introduction, Self Study, Expansion, Middle test and Final Test of Listening 1 course materials.
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Van de Burgwal, Linda H. M., Leslie A. Reperant, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Sorana C. Iancu, Esther S. Pronker, and Eric Claassen. "Self-Centric and Altruistic Unmet Needs for Ebola: Barriers to International Preparedness." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 4 (June 20, 2016): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.64.
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AbstractObjectiveBarriers to international Ebola preparedness may be elucidated by identifying heterogeneities in arguments to invest in countermeasures during “peace time.”MethodsFor each patent family (related patent documents that differed only by limited alterations to the same invention) concerning Ebola and published until the end of 2014 the oldest patent document was analyzed. Grounded theory coding identified 5 unmet needs for (1) vaccines and therapies, (2) control of outbreaks in endemic areas, (3) detection and control of outbreaks in nonendemic areas, (4) better understanding of filoviruses, and (5) protection against bioterrorism. Odds ratios for unmet needs by geographic regions and institution types were compared by using Pearson’s chi-square test.ResultsStatistically significant heterogeneities in unmet need profiles were found. US applicants combined self-centric and altruistic arguments, focusing on medical unmet needs and bioterrorism protection. Russian and Asian applicants emphasized self-centric motives, specifically, detection and control of nonendemic outbreaks. A clear, statistically significant mismatch between industry and academia was found: whereas industrial applicants focused on bioterrorism and neglected detection and control of nonendemic outbreaks, academic applicants did the opposite.ConclusionsThis research identified heterogeneities in articulated needs between geographic regions and stakeholder types. Structural articulation of unmet needs may form the basis for attuning stakeholder engagement strategies while progression across the demand-driven value chain might necessitate international concordance. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:644–648)
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Rich, Norman. "The Invention of Peace: Reflections on War and International Order. By Michael Howard. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2000. Pp. 113. $15.00. ISBN 3-300-08866-3." Central European History 35, no. 3 (September 2002): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900001692.
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Bakshi, Arun. "Who Lives if Earth Dies." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 8, no. 3 (April 6, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2016/15733.
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Change takes time to be first understood and accepted. Also, as we know necessity is the mother of invention thus the necessity to save our Mother Earth has started its role to draw the attention of us to invent some new ways to save it, if we and our coming generations have to survive with peace and happiness. Scientists and technologists are trying to invent new ways to save the natural resources available on the earth. The medical science is trying to invent medicines and methodologies to cure diseases, which are directly or indirectly emerged as a consequence of urbanization, modernization and industrialization. Being a teacher, generally I try to make my students understand that to find an optimal solution one must understand the problem in its entirety. Therefore if we give due consideration to understand and define the problem, it becomes easier to find and implement the best possible solutions. As an intelligent fool can make things more complex and difficulty to resolve, knowingly or unknowingly, we have also applied the same course of action to handle and deal with the century’s one of the biggest threats and a challenge, Global Warming. To save mother earth, we should take some initiatives at grass root level. As we are already trying to find the cure for the problems caused by the global warming and other environment related issues, let us try to work on some preventive measures against futuristic environment related problems.
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Gassman, Mattias. "THE ROMAN KINGS IN OROSIUS’HISTORIAE ADVERSVM PAGANOS." Classical Quarterly 67, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838817000702.
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We are ruled by judges whom we know, we enjoy the benefits | Of peace and war, as if the warrior Quirinus, | As if peaceful Numa were governing (Claud.IV Cons. Hon.491–3).With these words the poet Claudian lauds the Emperor Honorius on the occasion of his fourth consulship in 398 by comparing him to Rome's deified founder, Romulus-Quirinus, and to Numa Pompilius, its second king, who was proverbial for wisdom and piety. Claudian's panegyric stands in a long literary tradition in which the legendary Roman kings were depicted as models of statesmanship. This exemplary tradition left its mark on a broad array of late antique works, including historical compendia such as the pseudo-AurelianDe uiris illustribus, which narrates the kings’ deeds as soldiers and statesmen, and the writings of antiquarians such as Macrobius and Servius, who collected information on the kings’ invention of cults and calendars. Servius’ interest in the kings implies that they featured in the teaching provided by other late antiquegrammaticias well, and thus that most literate Latin-speakers would have had some knowledge of their deeds. Advanced education in rhetoric likewise drew on Virgil and other school texts for historicalexemplaincluding Romulus and Numa, who appear in panegyrics and in brief histories, such as Eutropius’Breviary, that probably served as reference texts for the political elite. The kings thus loomed large in Roman perceptions of the founding of their empire, which began with the heroic Romulus, was strengthened by Numa's establishment of the Roman cultic system, and was secured by the later kings’ political and military successes.
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Forrai, Judit. "A járványos gyermekbénulás elleni vakcina a politikai és szakmai harc hálójában." Kaleidoscope history 10, no. 21 (2020): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2020.21.75-91.
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The discovery of the polio pathogen and the development of eradication procedures represented a giant step in the man’s history. They demonstrated clearly the diversity of scientific approaches. Infectious diseases of poliovirus like other ones follow an ever-changing pattern. Examined in the global context, these changes burdened society from the very beginning. The invention of any vaccine did not result in peace of mind, because not only its quality but the effect of variable conditions must have been constantly monitored due to the changing patterns of viruses. Polio or poliomyelitis causes paralysis and death. Its history goes back to the prehistoric times thus the first evidence was found in the era of the 18th Dynasty in Egypt BC cc 400-1365 cut in stone. Although major polio epidemics were unknown before the 20th century, minor and sporadic endemics were always emerging. But after the turn of the century in the 1900s major epidemics started in North America and Europe at the same time, instigating intensive research in a number of laboratories using different methodological approaches. First, the pathogen was identified and then the vaccine developed. Finally remained 2 different vaccines on the market. The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was the first one administered at the beginnings after the discovery by Salk, changed later by the oral polio vaccine (OPV) in many countries. Political, health policy and mainly economic struggle were launched in the production of vaccines. This study presents the historical and political background that characterized and characterizes a pandemic. Back in the Cold War era, we demonstrate the business-economic-political-institutional background of the worldwide vaccine production, without neglecting the researchers’ individual competition and envy especially through highlighting the background of the Nobel Prize struggle.
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Kulish, A. M., and V. V. Turpitko. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD." Legal horizons 33, no. 20 (2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i20.p42.
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Sport has always served to establish peace, to help different peoples of the world to study each other’s culture, to create conditions for the humane resolution of conflicts, to be an opportunity to express their talents. Therefore, he never fell out of sight of society. In this work, the authors present the formation and development of sports in Ukraine and abroad. The main features of the primitive community were identified. It is determined that the invention of the chariot for the physical culture of the states: Babylon, Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient India, China, Persia became the starting point for the further development of sports in this region. It has been found that ancient Greece made a significant contribution to the development of sports. After all, it was the basis of the main principles of modern professional sport. Attention is drawn to the Olympic Games that took place in Ancient Greece: their appearance, conditions, prohibition, and revival Pierre de Coubertin. Further new competitions (Paralympic Games, Olympic Games, etc.) were added to them. It is revealed that international organizations and institutions have been set up to control such competitions. The authors found that religion had a great influence on the formation of physical culture during the Middle Ages and during the Renaissance. Trends in the development of modern sport and the factors that influence it was found out. As a result, it was concluded that sports are currently in the process of transformation. Therefore, the authors indicate what has the greatest influence on the formation and continued existence of sports. The main stages of the formation of physical culture in Ukraine were analyzed. It is also established that Ukraine has built a domestic sport in accordance with world experience in this field. Keywords: sports, physical culture, Olympics, doping, consolidating function.
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Stanimirović, Vojislav. "Relicts of the earliest understanding of fairness, justice and law in the first states of antiquity: A legal-anthropological view." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, no. 3 (2020): 907–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-28459.
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All archaic societies were founded on the principles of equality and solidarity. Another common trait were the mechanisms for regulating social behaviour, as they were crucial for a society's survival. In such types of societies, archaic fairness existed. It manifested itself through egalitarianism, solidarity, but also through the static and conservative elements and was based on the customs which were binding on all the members of the society. When archaic societies became layered and started to expand and mix with other communities, the initial cohesion, security and archaic righteousness slowly started to disappear and instead, the concept of justice appeared. Unfortunately, that caused an irreversible damage to the balance that once existed as the ideal state in the archaic societies. The invention of the writing system and the creation of the first states eventually enabled the Cuneiform Law to develop and as the result, the first law codes of the humanity came to life. The first states and their rulers found themselves at the crossroads between "the old" and "the new". The law was heavily shaped by the nobility, so all of the privileges were created explicitly for the nobles, while the poor were yearning for the past times which were more kind to them. The new law slowly started to suppress the old customs. The ancient rulers, at least instinctively, if not consciously, recognised the need for a balance which would guarantee order and peace in the state. In Egypt, where the archaic elements survived the longest, the echoes of archaic societies and ancient beliefs could be found in the principle of Ma'at, the weighing of souls and the Book of the dead. The creators of Cuneiform Law also found their ways and strategies to present themselves as just and caring rulers. The evidence for that can be found especially in the provisions of the law. Whether they are referring to their own achievements and merits, or offering protection and care to the vulnerable members of the society, or revoking privileges of the nobles for the sake of the greater good, or turning back to the tradition, or "buddying up" with the gods, or determining measures and compensation amounts, they are, above all, trying to be exemplary rulers to their subjects by putting the rule of law first.
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Lehner, Daniela. "A poiesis of peace: imagining, inventing & creating cultures of peace. The qualities of the artist for peace education." Journal of Peace Education 18, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2021.1927686.
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Weill, Rivka. "Juxtaposing Constitution-Making and Constitutional-Infringement Mechanisms in Israel and Canada: On the Interplay between Common Law Override and Sunset Override." Israel Law Review 49, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223716000029.
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This article explores the often neglected relationships between constitution-making (including amendment) mechanisms and constitutional-infringement mechanisms by focusing on the override as one of the possible tools to depart from a Constitution. The article suggests that there are two types of override: a ‘common law override’, which is not uniquely Canadian, and a ‘sunset override’. The common law override evolves in the judicial decisions of a given country when the courts require the legislature to explicitly take responsibility for an action. Under the common law override, we may couple together phenomena that are not typically connected, including a means of protecting common law rights, a judicial presumption against delegation of power to administrative agencies, and mechanisms of dealing with procedural or substantive legislative entrenchment. In contrast, the sunset override is a Canadian invention. For the tool to be part of the infringement mechanisms of a country's Constitution, it must be provided for explicitly in that Constitution, and its exercise must be temporary.This article follows the various possible uses of the common law override. It shows that Israel has vast experience with the common law override which may shed light on Israel's future possible exploitation of the sunset override. The article then shows that Israel has adopted the sunset override following the Canadian example. When the Rabin government adopted the tool as part of an exchange deal with the ultra-orthodox religious political party Shas, the terms of the deal included Shas' acquiescence to the peace process in exchange for the Rabin government's use of the override to protect the religious status quo from judicial intervention. In addition, the Israeli justices played an active and unique role in the birth and formulation of the Israeli override. As has happened with the Canadian override, supposedly these circumstances should have made the override illegitimate in Israel. However, this article argues that it is not the political uses of the override that result in its lack of use. Rather, the determining factor is the override's compatibility with the constitution-making process in a given country. From a normative perspective, it is easier for the Israeli legislature to override its own earlier enactments, even those titled Basic Laws, than it is for the Canadian legislature to override the People's enactment of the Charter. Thus, it is expected that Israel might more freely deploy the sunset override were it to become a general mechanism embodied in the Basic Laws, while, in contrast, the sunset override has fallen into disuse in Canada.
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Oppenheimer, Louis. "War as a Institution, but what about Peace? Developmental Perspectives." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 1 (March 1996): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900114.
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The development of the comprehension and verbal articulation of the concept of war precedes the development of the concept of peace by several years. The implications of these findings for the norms, values, and attitudes towards peaceful and non-peaceful behaviour are discussed. It is argued that a "state of peace" is not necessarily the baseline or "normal situation" and that war and a "state of war" are not merely social inventions or the result of cultural deviations, but that war is institutionalised in our culture. Peaceful and non-peaceful behaviours are products of the interaction between human propensities (i.e. predispositions) and the contents of the sociocultural structure, and the sociocultural structure itself is the historical product of the interaction between the same propensities and the environment. In any attempt to undermine the institution of war and to permit the emergence of the institution of peace, these mutual interactions will need to be considered.
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Fernandez Osorio, Andrés Eduardo, and Rocío del Pilar Pachón Pinzón. "Reconciliation Perspectives in Colombia: Characterizing the 2016 Peace Agreement With the FARC." Revista Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/ries.3356.
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Despite ending a 60-year armed conflict with the oldest guerrilla group in Latin America, the 2016 peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (farc) has faced growing opposition and resentment from the general population. This resistance has mainly occurred due to the absence of literature clearly providing an explanation of its contents, compromising its implementation and stability. Using the Peace Accords Matrix of the University of Notre Dame, this article explores some of the widespread criticism by comparing this agreement to others in 31 other countries. The key findings suggest that the 2016 Colombian peace agreement is the most extensive and the second most complex signed since 1989, and its crux may be categorized into five different groups of provisions. Statistical analysis suggests that its major criticism —its complexity— is the main impediment to the expected implementation level. Therefore, its stability should be guaranteed by exploring inventive strategies to gain popular support and legitimacy.
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Fisher, N. R. E. "Multiple Personalities and Dionysiac Festivals: Dicaeopolis in Aristophanes' Acharnians." Greece and Rome 40, no. 1 (April 1993): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500022579.
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A great deal has been written recently on Aristophanes, and theAchamiansin particular; inevitably, this has not produced agreement on how to interpret the plays. Among the questions to which different answers are still being given, and probably always will be, are the following: How far did Aristophanes seek to persuade the Athenians of his own political views, whatever they may have been? If there was a conflict between the presentation of his political views and the development of comic inventions or the desire to win the prize, which took precedence? Did the Athenians expect serious political persuasion in their comedies, and was Aristophanes innovative or traditional in these respects? More particularly, what were Aristophanes' attitudes to the Peloponnesian War? Did they change? How far did he seek to push a particular view in favour of making peace in any of the surviving three so-called peace plays?
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Richardson, Henry. "Comment on Larry Johnson, “Uniting for Peace”." AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002026.
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Larry Johnson’s essay on the UN General Assembly’s Uniting for Peace resolution (UFP) is a useful general analysis of issues arising from UN Security Council Permanent Member veto-paralysis. His essay, which focuses on the text of the original Resolution, is directed at asking whether the UFP retains a current “useful purpose.” Relying on a text-centric interpretation of the presence or absence of subsequent invocations of the UFP, he concludes that no “useful purpose” remains, in part because evolved General Assembly authority has displaced the need to specifically invoke the UFP to make recommendations on certain issues of international peace and security. Johnson then asks whether, under the original UFP or subsequently, the Assembly may recommend to Member States “enforcement” uses of force, notwithstanding the prohibitions of Article 2(4) of the Charter. He finds Article 2(4) to be an absolute barrier to Assembly authority to recommend those measures, but not for “innovative and inventive non-use-of force measures.”
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Wilczyński, Piotr L. "Innowacje w zbrojeniach i obronności jako katalizator przemian technologicznych." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 20 (January 1, 2012): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.20.8.
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Contemporary computer models and strategic simulators often suggest that technologicaladvantage is the key in economical and geopolitical success of states. The overwhelming advancementin military research and technology in previous decades brought great inventions to the civilians andeveryday life, due to the utilitarian approach of modern societies. The first section of this study presentsa historical view on innovations, and reveals that during periods of economical and political instability,especially wars, the rate of technological development was hastened two or three times, compared toperiods of peace and prosperity. The second section presents examples of technological innovationsin the military sector and its civilian applications. The results of the study show that, although warsdecrease economic strength of states, crisis and development in the military sector has positive impacton their innovations and technological advancement. Thus, military funding of research not onlyhelps to secure statehood, but also makes new inventions available for whole societies, and providesa substantial, remarkable support for civilian companies which use advanced technologies.
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Kristinsdottir-Urfalino, Gudrun. "Que faire de (la mort de) Pompée ? Analyse poétique et politique d’une tragédie double." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.2574.
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This article proposes a double analysis, poetic and political, of the tragedy La mort de Pompée (The Death of Pompey, 1644) by Pierre Corneille. It shows the bold construction of Corneille who crosses two intrigues: an Egyptian one (what to do with the arrival of Pompey?) and a Roman one (what to do with the death of Pompey?). The French poet lends to Caesar, faced with the head of Pompey, a double reaction, worked by the tension between the joy of the defeat of his adversary and the magnanimity that he must manifest to hope to restore civil peace. By inventing a confrontation, absent from the historical sources, between Caesar and Cornelia, he introduces the question of the conditions of the end of the civil war. It thus appears that the poetics of the play unfolds a political thought. Corneille highlights the threat that imperial conquest outside Rome poses for civil peace.
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Pearce, Brian. "Beerbohm Tree's Production of ‘The Tempest’, 1904." New Theatre Quarterly 11, no. 44 (November 1995): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00009283.
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Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1853–1917) is remembered today as a great character actor, as a personality, and as a wit: but as a producer he is seldom considered an important or even a positive influence on the course of Shakespearean interpretation in the twentieth century. Focusing on Tree's 1904 production of The Tempest, Brian Pearce argues that Tree was in fact an original and inventive director. Contrasting the faint praise or contempt of theatre historians with the adoption of many of Tree's ideas in later literary criticism of The Tempest, Pearce also suggests that the acceptance of the right of contemporary experimental directors to act in effect as ‘scenic artists’ sits oddly with attitudes to Tree's work, in which he fulfilled precisely such a role. Brian Pearce completed his PhD at the University of London in 1992, and since returning to South Africa has worked as a theatre director. He is a member of the board of directors of the Durban Theatre Workshop Company, and also teaches drama at Technikon Natal.
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Stefan, Dr Sc Georgescu, and Dr Sc Munteanu Marilena. "Middle East: New Balkans of the World?" ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i2.147.
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Middle East is a region whose geopolitical dynamics has many analogies with the role of the Balkans in the first half of the 19th century and up to the 3rd decade of the 20th century, namely a "Powder keg of Europe", defined in the same period as the "Eastern Issue".Moreover, Middle East is a region located at the junction of three continents: Europe, Asia and the Mediterranean Africa, and along with ancient Egypt is the cradle of Western civilization, providing for it political, economic, religious, scientific, military, intellectual and institutional models.Four millennia of civilization before Christian era did not pass without leaving a trace.Trade, currency, law, diplomacy, technology applied to works in time of war or peace, the profit based economy and the bureaucratized economy, popular and absolutist government, nationalist and universal spirit, tolerance and fanaticism – all these are not inventions of the modern world, but have their origins and methods of implementation, often even sophisticated methods, in this region.
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Atala, Issam. "Euro-Med And Intercultural Management." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 4 (February 28, 2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n4p201.
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As technological inventions and innovations are bewildering the human mind, destroying barriers between peoples, cultures, time and space, globalization trends are sweeping civilizations, nations, nationalisms and other ethnic narrow circles. The winds of human revolutions overwhelm governments, leaders and citizens in pursuit of a better world, based on human freedoms and rights, economic well-being, peace and sustainable ecosystem. This positive cultural change is subjected to many obstacles and much dichotomy, whereby some do promote a negatively extreme pole of violence, terror and death. The objective of this research is to deeply explore the inner venues of both trends, embraced by a new breed of international mangers, leaders, and further determine their impact upon the birth of a world culture, primarily adopted by international businesses. The proposed methodology of research relies, primarily on data gathering from many thinkers and organizations aiming at laying a possible foundation for promoting intercultural management between Europe and the Middle Eastern countries.
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McCallum, Clinton. "Falling Up." Journal of Popular Music Studies 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2021.33.2.99.
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This article investigates melodic figures and harmonic sequences that miraculously only step up to illuminate an aesthetic lineage that connects gospel to electronic dance music. It argues that the synth-risers and ever-opening filters of contemporary euphoric rave music like happy-hardcore and uplifting-trance find precedence in compositional devices that made their way into funk/soul and disco/garage from Black gospel music, and that these gospel inventions were derived from the Afro-diasporic ring-shout. Cognitive linguistic and psychoacoustic theories premise an analytical framework for musical representations of endless ascent. Through close readings of representative recordings—a 1927 Pentecostal sermon by Reverend Sister Mary Nelson, James Cleveland’s “Peace Be Still,” Chic’s “Le Freak,” Trussel’s “Love Injection,” and DJ Hixxy’s remix of Paradise's “I See the Light”—the article examines various historical intersections with parlour music, European art music, and modal jazz, and suggests that musical ascent has a non-causal but, nevertheless, objective relationship with a type of spiritual transcendence.
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Varisco, Daniel Martin. "Revising Culture, Re-inventing Peace: The Influence of Edward W. Said: Naseer Aruri and Muhammad A. Shuraydi, eds." Digest of Middle East Studies 11, no. 1 (April 2002): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2002.tb00451.x.
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Pihlaja, Beau. "Inventing Others in Digital Written Communication: Intercultural Encounters on the U.S.-Mexico Border." Written Communication 37, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 245–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088319899908.
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At a multinational company, daily written communication between staff, supervisors, customers, and suppliers is frequently conducted using digital tools (e.g., emails, smartphones, and texting applications) often across multiple nationally, linguistically, and conceptually defined borders. Determining digital tools’ impact on intercultural encounters in professional environments like these is difficult but important given the sheer volume of digital contact in technical and professional environments and the ongoing global struggle to broker peace and productivity amid communities’ many perceived differences. Using examples drawn from a case study of binational manufacturing sister companies, I build on recent work in professional, networked written communication to analyze two WhatsApp exchanges, one between a central study participant and his customer, another between the participant and an employee. This study shows how asynchronous digital communication tools created complex “silences” in writing between participants. In these silences (e.g., a lack of or delayed response to a text) individuals try to explain others’ actions for themselves. Drawing on a combination of third-generation activity theory and Latourian actor-network theory, I show that while explaining others’ actions in writing with whatever cultural shorthand is available may remain a common part of everyday life and research, it can be a poor guide for explaining others’ actions, especially in digital writing. My study shows how research of, and instruction in, digital tool use in intercultural writing contexts requires attention to the material conditions and objectives potentially shaping one’s own as well as others’ composition choices.
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Jonsen, Albert R. "The God Squad and the Origins of Transplantation Ethics and Policy." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 2 (2007): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00131.x.
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This is the God Squad. It is faceless, impersonal, unmoved by tragedy, almost terrorist in aspect. The photo appeared in LIFE magazine on November 9, 1962, and it depicted the Admissions and Policy Committee of the Seattle Artificial Kidney Center. The Committee had been established in 1962 to select those few persons who would be admitted to the new and tiny dialysis unit that was created by Dr. Belding Scribner, inventor of the arteriovenous shunt. It consisted of seven anonymous members – a minister, a lawyer, a businessman, a homemaker, a labor leader, and two physicians. Each month they received a pile of charts about persons with end-stage renal disease. A prior medical evaluation had rated them all medically suitable for dialysis. The Committee’s task was to select one or two out of a dozen or so to take the available spots. The others were left to die. After several years of this agonizing work, the amendments to the Social Security Act provided financial support for renal dialysis and transplant, allowing the Admission Committee some peace of mind.
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Kaplan, Ellen W. "Inventing Peace: A Dialogue on Perception W. Wenders and M. Zournazi London: I.B.Tauris, 2013. 224pp. ISBN: 978-1780766939. USD $28.00 (Pb.)." Australian Journal of Anthropology 25, no. 2 (August 2014): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/taja.12095.
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Hadi, Andreas, Agus Halim, and Noor Eddy. "RANCANG BANGUN ROBOT KRI 2012." POROS 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/poros.v12i1.687.
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Abstract: Designing Robot KRI 2012 is applied in the industrial world that serves as a means of shifting materials. At KRI 2012 the game that took the motto "Peng on Dai Gat" and the theme "In Pursuit of Peace and Prosperity". Robot designed KRI 2012 which is the type of manual robot that has some tasks that take up, lift, and insert tokens into the token box, lift the basket, also the collector robot design will discuss base design such as determined DC motors, lifting, minimum pressure on the gripper token, the determine of PWM DC motor, slope and deflection that occurs on the rod lifter. So in designing this robot should also be able to support the weight of the operator who will be driving this robot. The method used is to use a simple calculation of the literature used to obtain data on the results of the design and use test with tachometer to get the motor and calculate the mileage time of the robot at 6 m. Then the data will be used as input to obtain design models robot KRI 2012 on Autodesk Inventor 2012.
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Witte, John. "LAW, RELIGION, AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN DAVID LITTLE'S THOUGHT." Journal of Law and Religion 32, no. 1 (March 2017): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2017.8.
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David Little has pioneered the study of religion, human rights, and religious freedom during fifty-five years of distinguished scholarly work at Yale, Harvard, Virginia, Georgetown, and the United States Institute of Peace. Starting with his first major book, Religion, Order, and Law: A Study in Pre-Revolutionary England, he has traced cardinal principles like freedom of conscience and free exercise of religion from their earliest formulations in Stoic philosophy and Roman law, through the writings of Augustine, Aquinas, the medieval canonists and scholastics, and their many early modern heirs. Among the latter, he has explored most deeply the contributions of Protestants to the Western understanding of human rights and religious freedom, with special focus on John Calvin, John Locke, Roger Williams, and Reinhold Niebuhr, all of whose ideas he connects to each other and to the broader Western tradition in fresh and inventive ways. He has written astutely on the vexed questions arising under the First Amendment's guarantees of no government establishments of religion and no prohibitions on its free exercise. And he has charted many of the religious sources and dimensions of modern human rights, particularly the fundamental international protections of freedom of thought, conscience, and belief, freedom from religious hatred, incitement, and discrimination, and freedom for religious and cultural self-determination.
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Bräuchler, Birgit. "Kings on Stage: Local Leadership in the Post-Suharto Moluccas." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 2 (2011): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x565887.
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AbstractIn 2007, village kings from all over the Moluccan province gathered in Ambon city and founded a pan-Moluccan raja forum called Majelis Latupati Maluku (MLM). The association is meant to unite traditional leadership, re-integrate Moluccan society and build an effective interface to the regional government. Decisive were two factors: firstly, the inter-religious violence that had torn Moluccan society apart required neutral means to (re)unify the Moluccan people and prevent further conflict; and secondly, the decentralisation laws passed in post-Suharto Indonesia were meant to re-empower the local level by legalising the revival and reconstruction of local political structures and the comeback of traditional leaders, such as the raja, in the Moluccas. These village kings attracted tremendous attention all of a sudden and great hopes are placed in them both from the top, as well as from the bottom. This article aims to discuss the enormous challenges the MLM faces by analysing current developments and looking into the historical dimension of the raja and the MLM. This includes critical reflections on questions of representation, the interface between tradition (adat) and politics, the notion of an inventive adaptation of so-called traditional institutions to new requirements and the potential of the raja and the MLM as means for peace.
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Cherepanova, E. S. "Эволюционная, социальная и психологическая природа конфликта: Л. Гумплович и К. Лоренц." Konfliktologia 13, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2018-13-3-85-95.
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The paper examines the theoretical approaches of Ludwig Gumplowicz and Konrad Lorenz to analysis of social conflict. The comparison of their views elicits conceptual similarity of both theories: the resemblance becomes evident when the author places a special focus on such issues as the interpretation of war reason and the possibility of peace. The main thesis which is proved by Gumplowicz is that the appearance of humankind must be explained in connection with the latest inventions in different academic fields like biology, ethnology and sociology. It is the way that gives a possibility to avoid metaphysical interpretations and to approach to genuine roots of modern conflicts ― both group and national. Lorenz believes that aggression as a basic instinct follows to explanation of the genesis of human and animal ritualized behavior patterns. Blocking mechanisms of aggression had been formed during the evolution in purpose of avoiding consequences of intraspecific competition. In cultures of different nations there are also rituals which are dealing with inhibition and canalization of aggression. Due to this fact world of human culture also has evolutionary patterns of ritualized behavior in its origin. Besides this Lorenz considers that aggression must be taken into account when a conflict is analyzed as a psychological phenomenon. Both Lorenz and Gumplowicz stand on naturalistic positions of understanding of human nature and strongly believe in the inherent human belligerence. Thus, they explain the diversification of cultural and historical landscape and the nature of social institutions like morality, law and state.
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Velilla, Carlos. "Tal Vez no Sepa Vd. que yo también Pinto. Arnold Schönberg." Barcelona Investigación Arte Creación 6, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/brac.2018.3364.
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This article is about the work of Arnold Schönberg1 (1874-1951) as a painter, a little-known facet, but a skill which has shown in excellent art expositions, both in life and posthumously. The last Arnold Schönberg. Peintre l’âme in the MahJ Museum (le musée d’art et d’histoire du Judaïsme) in París in 2016. In Barcelona in 1992: Arnold SchönbergPaintings and drawings. The collection of art work, an exhibition that came from Vienna, Cologne, Manchester, Berlin and Milan. Schönberg answers the first letter from Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944), and tells him he was apainter, too, and wanted to speak to him about art. These works reveal the relationships that he established in his life: painting and music, idea and style, art and life, tonality and atonality, the established and the new. The doubts faced during some hard years due to the fall of an empire and theapparent peace. Pain in the vanguards at the beginning of the twentieth century. The importance of their meetings and the extensive correspondence with Kandinsky and other artists. The quest for total art. The relationship between Kandinsky’s book “The Spiritual in Art” (1912), which hedelivered to the printer at the same time as Schönberg published his “Treaty on harmony” (1911); despite their conceptual differences both have a common intention: to create from inside the individual’s interior. At the same time, atonal music and abstract art were born. Schönberg was spoken of as a musician, teacher, writer, inventor, scenographer, designer and painter.
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Johnson, Sylvester. "Red Squads and Black Radicals: Reading Agency in the Archive." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 88, no. 2 (May 23, 2020): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfaa018.
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Abstract Scholarly accounts of racial formation have regularly focused on the role of state actors or non-state oppressive subjects administering racial systems against a dominated population. Challenges or resistance to state racialization practices by dissenting communities, on the other hand, have not received commensurate engagement, particularly at the level of race-making. Judith Weisenfeld demonstrates in New World A-Coming that African American religious movements such as the Moorish Science Temple of America and the Peace Mission were not merely protesting a racial system but also inventing new racial subjectivities. This account of Black radical agency is deeply consequential for understanding the religious dimensions of Black radical politics and the agential architecture of racialization. In this article, I apply Weisenfeld’s method of mapping radical agency from the underside of state archives. The focus is on the Southern Christian Leadership Conference’s Chicago campaign of 1966 and the Poor People’s Campaign (PPC) that culminated in the summer of 1968. I argue that Black radical activists, despite being targeted by counterintelligence operations of law enforcement, nevertheless transformed the politics of race and power with lasting consequences by exceeding in specific ways the efforts of state actors to destroy Black liberation projects. The archival records of state entities themselves render the import of Black agency. This implies, among other things, that scholarship on Black religion and racialization broadly must shift significantly to account for a central argument of Weisenfeld’s book: dominated peoples have been agents of racial histories and not merely objects of racial governance.
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Harrison, S. J. "A Roman Hecale: Ovid Fasti 3.661–74." Classical Quarterly 43, no. 2 (December 1993): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800039987.
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This is one of the identities offered by Ovid for the goddess Anna Perenna, whose festival falls on the Ides of March. Ovid's lines give us the following information about this version of Anna: she was a poor but industrious old woman living in the suburbs of Rome, her benevolent baking and distribution of cakes provided much-needed sustenance for the plebs during their secessio on the Mons Sacer, and the plebs repaid this service when peace was restored by dedicating a cult-statue to her, so founding the cult of Anna Perenna. This Anna is thus a minor character, otherwise unknown, associated with a cult of obscure origin and with a major historical event, the first secessio plebis to the Mons Sacer usually dated to 494 B.C. This alone would make it likely that Ovid is inventing her here as circumstantial detail. When we consider that wo are told that she lived at Bovillae, some twelve miles south-east of Rome (orta… Bovillis surely indicates residence as well as place of birth), and that the Mons Sacer was located three miles north-east of the city, any probability of Ovid's story being a fully historical report vanishes; Anna of Bovillae was simply in the wrong place to purvey cakes to the plebs on this occasion, unless she ran a modern-style delivery service over a thirty-mile circuit. The possibility remains that there was an otherwise unknown cult of Anna Perenna at Bovillae to which Ovid refers, since the association of Anna with Bovillae must have come from somewhere, especially as it here seems to introduce an unwanted inconsistency.
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Smilkova, Smilena. "THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE OF MUSIC - A PATH TO CREATIVITY IN SELF-AWARENESS." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 6 (October 4, 2019): 1711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061711s.
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The proposed material is based on the topic"Music - a universal language", assigned to students of pedagogical specialties - pre-school and pre-school and primary school pedagogy .In the form of an essay, students talk about their personal sensation, understanding,reflection, use and interpretation of music. The sincerity and immediacy of the essays give information about the universality of music as a language - complex and enigmatic, and at the same time - strongly and inexplicably affecting the senses, feelings, emotions ,thoughts. The research is aimed at revealing the individual emotional state, sensitivity and perception of young people - future teachers. Moreover,it aims at predisposing them to reflect on their personal perception of music as a factor accompanying their daily lives and inner peace. And that is because tomorrow they will raise children, stimulate and develop their creativity and self-knowledge, will form their intrepersonal relationships and orientation in the surrounding world. The freedom of the chosen form - the essay - allows the writers to express themselves - both intellectually and emotionally. As a consequence, depending on the character and temperament of the participants, their creative nature, essence, sense of art, and emotional sensitivity are revealed. Stepping out of the canon of rigorous scientific style allows a flight of creative inspiration for most students. At the same time, they make their own logical conclusions. In their thinking and sensual inventions, students do not seek a scientific explanation of the phenomenon of the universality of music. Because most of them accept music as the language of the soul.Proceeding from the personal need for contact with music, going through the various forms of expression in the musical language, comprehending its invisible imagery and real impact, young people are adamant in its versatility.Because the invisible, magical threads that connect music to the soul have no boundaries and limitations, they are the universe. As a result of the reviewed essays, conclusions have been drawn regarding the universal musical language - a means and a path to creative perception of the world and interpersonal relationships, based on creative thinking and self-knowledge.