Journal articles: 'Inventory control. Corporations Credit'

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Daellenbach, H. G. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit." Journal of the Operational Research Society 37, no. 5 (May 1986): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582676.

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Daellenbach, H. G. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit." Journal of the Operational Research Society 37, no. 5 (May 1986): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1986.88.

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Chung, Kee H. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit Revisited." Journal of the Operational Research Society 40, no. 5 (May 1989): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2583622.

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Chung, Kee H. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit Revisited." Journal of the Operational Research Society 40, no. 5 (May 1989): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1989.77.

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Ahmed, Neveen, Omar Farooq, and Mohammed Bouaddi. "Organizational structure, ownership structure and credit ratings: evidence from SMEs." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3p4.

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This paper documents that credit ratings of closed corporations depend on their organizational structure and ownership structure (family management and family control). Using the data from the Survey of Small Business Finance (SSBF), we show that S-Corporations have higher credit ratings than C-Corporations. We argue that lower information asymmetries inherent in S-Corporations lead to better credit ratings. We also show that ownership structure – as explained by family control and family management – is also associated with higher credit ratings. We argue that increased monetary stake of a single entity – family – translates into his altruistic commitment and increased effort, thereby improving credit ratings.

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Daellenbach, H. G. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit-a Rejoinder." Journal of the Operational Research Society 39, no. 2 (February 1988): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582389.

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Daellenbach, H. G. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit-A Rejoinder." Journal of the Operational Research Society 39, no. 2 (February 1988): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1988.38.

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Chapman, C. B., and S. C. Ward. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit-a Further Reply." Journal of the Operational Research Society 39, no. 2 (February 1988): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582390.

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Chapman, C. B., and S. C. Ward. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit-A Further Reply." Journal of the Operational Research Society 39, no. 2 (February 1988): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1988.39.

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Ward, S. C., and C. B. Chapman. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit-a Reply to Daellenbach." Journal of the Operational Research Society 38, no. 11 (November 1987): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2582233.

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Ward, S. C., and C. B. Chapman. "Inventory Control and Trade Credit—A Reply to Daellenbach." Journal of the Operational Research Society 38, no. 11 (November 1987): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.1987.178.

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Jelagat, Kwambai Mercy, and Dr Samson Nyang’au Paul. "Effects of Inventory Management on The Performance of State Corporations in Kenya." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 4, no. 2 (October 24, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.465.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of inventory management on the performance of state corporations in Kenya with an aim of making recommendations.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The researcher preferred this method because it allows an in-depth study of the subject. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study employed stratified random sampling technique in coming up with a sample size. Pilot study was carried out to establish the validity and reliability of the research instruments. The instruments were designed appropriately according to the study objectives. The data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. The study used multiple regression and correlation analysis to show the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The data generated was keyed in and analyzed by use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 to generate information which was presented using charts, frequencies and percentagesResults and conclusion: The regression equation above has established that taking all factors into account (inventory categorization, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting) constant at zero, performance of state corporations in Kenya will be an index of 0.817.The findings presented also shows that taking all other independent variables at zero, a unit increase in inventory categorization will lead to a 0.537 increase in performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.000 which is less 0.05 and thus the relationship was significant. The study also found that a unit increase in inventory control techniques will lead to a 0.097 increase in performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.002 and thus the relationship was significant. In addition, the study found that a unit increase in information technology integration will lead to a 0.067 increase in the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.000 and thus the relationship was significant. Lastly, the study found that a unit increase in demand and supply forecasting will lead to a 0.08 increase in the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The P-value was 0.001 and hence the relationship was significant since the p-value was lower than 0.05. The findings of the study show that, inventory categorization contributed most to the performance of state corporations in Kenya. The findings of the study indicated that; safety stock management, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting have a positive relationship with performance of state corporations.Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: Finally, the study recommended that public institutions should embrace inventory optimization practices so as to improve their performance and further researches should to be carried out in other public entities to find out if the same results can be obtained.

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Khouja, Moutaz, and Abraham Mehrez. "Optimal inventory policy under different supplier credit policies." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 15, no. 5 (January 1996): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6125(96)84196-3.

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Chung, Kun-Jen, and Tien-Shou Huang. "The Algorithm to the EOQ Model for Inventory Control and Trade Credit." OPSEARCH 42, no. 1 (March 2005): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03398709.

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Kazungu, Robert Riziki, and Dr George Ochiri. "EFFECT OF INVENTORY OPTIMIZATION ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.v3i4.335.

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Purpose: the general objective of was to determine role of inventory optimization on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach targeting heads of procurement at the 187 state corporations. This method was preferred because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The study preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. To gather data, structured questionnaire will be used to collect data from 187 respondents. The research focused on primary data that was collected from questionnaires distributed to the target groups. This study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. After data collection the data was edited and coded in readiness for analysis by the researcher. The qualitative data collected was subjected to content analysis. On the other hand, the study used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the quantitative data. This study utilized the SPSS version 23 software to perform correlation and regression analysis on the collected data. The analyzed data was presented using statistical and graphical techniquesResults: R square value of 0.768 means that 76.8% of the corresponding variation in performance of state corporations in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (safety stock management, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.761), p=0.000 <0.05).Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that; safety stock management, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting have a positive relationship with performance of state corporationsPolicy recommendation: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace inventory optimization practices so as to improve their performance.

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Kazungu, Robert Riziki, and Dr George Ochiri. "EFFECT OF INVENTORY OPTIMIZATION ON PERFORMANCE OF STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA." International Journal of Supply Chain and Logistics 3, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijscl.335.

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Purpose: the general objective of was to determine role of inventory optimization on performance of state corporations in Kenya.Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive research design approach targeting heads of procurement at the 187 state corporations. This method was preferred because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. The study preferred this method because it allowed an in-depth study of the subject. To gather data, structured questionnaire will be used to collect data from 187 respondents. The research focused on primary data that was collected from questionnaires distributed to the target groups. This study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. After data collection the data was edited and coded in readiness for analysis by the researcher. The qualitative data collected was subjected to content analysis. On the other hand, the study used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the quantitative data. This study utilized the SPSS version 23 software to perform correlation and regression analysis on the collected data. The analyzed data was presented using statistical and graphical techniquesResults: R square value of 0.768 means that 76.8% of the corresponding variation in performance of state corporations in Kenya can be explained or predicted by (safety stock management, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting) which indicated that the model fitted the study data. The results of regression analysis revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between dependent variable and independent variable at (β = 0.761), p=0.000 <0.05).Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that; safety stock management, inventory control techniques, information technology integration and demand and supply forecasting have a positive relationship with performance of state corporationsPolicy recommendation: the study recommended that public institutions should embrace inventory optimization practices so as to improve their performance.

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Guchhait, Partha, Pravash Kumar Giri, Manas Kumar Maiti, and Manoranjan Maiti. "Inventory Policy with Stock, Price and Credit-Linked Demand." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2012040104.

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An inventory control problem under two-level trade-credit policy with fuzzy inventory costs is proposed where supplier provides not only a credit-period for settling account but also a cash discount to the retailers. Due to this advantage the retailer also offers a fixed credit period to all its customers to boost the demand. Demand also depends on stock and selling price. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) with chromosome’s life-time dependent varying population size is used to solve the model where, at the time of generation of initial population, diversity in the population is maintained using information entropy theory. In the algorithm crossover probability of a pair of parents is a function of their age-type (young, middle-aged, old, etc.) and is obtained using a fuzzy rule base and possibility theory. A fuzzy possibility/necessity based evolution process is proposed to deal with fuzzy objective function.

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Md Mashud, Abu Hashan, Md Rakibul Hasan, Hui Ming Wee, and Yosef Daryanto. "Non-instantaneous deteriorating inventory model under the joined effect of trade-credit, preservation technology and advertisement policy." Kybernetes 49, no. 6 (August 31, 2019): 1645–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2019-0357.

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Purpose This paper aims to simultaneously consider an inventory model with price and advertisement dependent demand, non-instantaneous deterioration rate with preservation technology investment, partially backlogged shortages and trade credit. Design/methodology/approach This model considered a non-instantaneous deterioration, which starts after a certain storage period with a constant rate. The proposed model focused on two things. The first one is to reduce the deterioration rate by preservation technology investment, and the second one is using an appropriate trade credit period to maximize the total profit. The classical optimization technique is used to solve the problem. Findings The authors found that trade credit, advertising cost, preservation technology affect the total cost and selling price is one of the most important decision variables affecting the model. Practical implications This study provides a reference for a manufacturer and a retailer on making inventory decisions under different pricing, advertisement expense, preservation technology investment and credit strategies. Four cases are presented to illustrate the inventory model. Sensitivity analyses are performed to gain managerial insights for decision-making. Originality/value The study simultaneously considers a non-instantaneous deterioration inventory model, trade-credit, and preservation technology and advertisement policy. From our literature search, no researcher has undergone this type of study.

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Chung, Kun-Jen. "The optimal inventory policy for EPQ model under trade credit." International Journal of Systems Science 41, no. 9 (September 2010): 1115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207720903244071.

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Wright, Robert E. "Bank Ownership and Lending Patterns in New York and Pennsylvania, 1781–1831." Business History Review 73, no. 1 (1999): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116100.

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Unlike most contemporary New England banks, early commercial banks of the Middle Atlantic region were widely owned and frequently traded corporations. They lent to a broad segment of the business community, including artisans, farmers, and women. Banks lent widely, first, because their large capitalization made it difficult for a few privileged insiders to control a substantial percentage of loanable funds and, second, because banks were able to acquire reliable credit information on a variety of customers in an efficient manner. As a result, small enterprises had access to bank credit.

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Hsu, Shu-Lu, and Tung-Yi Lin. "Coordinated credit policy and inventory control for a single vendor and a single buyer." Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 28, no. 5 (September 2007): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2007.10699774.

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Chakuu, Sumeer, Donato Masi, and Janet Godsell. "Towards a framework on the factors conditioning the role of logistics service providers in the provision of inventory financing." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 40, no. 7/8 (July 6, 2020): 1225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-06-2019-0502.

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PurposeThis paper explores the conditions in which logistics service providers (LSPs) can compete or collaborate with banks in offering inventory financing as a supply chain finance (SCF) service.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study research methodology was adopted. The case study involved six LSPs across Europe. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe results highlighted that an attractive credit demand for LSPs consists in suppliers with high amounts of inventory or borrowing needs that go beyond their borrowing capacity from the perspective of a bank. LSPs can respond to this demand when they have three specific capabilities as follows: risk assessment, risk monitoring and organizational capabilities. The offer of inventory financing can be controlled by the LSPs or by the banks. When the LSPs control the offer, they offer different conditions compared to the banks in terms of credit rationing, transaction costs, payment flexibility, tax rate advantage and financial risk management. When the banks control the offer, the LSPs influence the nature of the SCF services only in terms of credit rationing and transaction costs. The LSPs seem to easily develop risk assessment and risk mitigation capabilities, while the organisational capabilities appear to be the most challenging to build, and when absent they create a barrier to the provision of inventory financing.Originality/valueThe value of the paper is twofold. First, the paper provides a comprehensive taxonomy of the factors conditioning the role of the LSPs in the provision of inventory financing as a SCF service. Second, the paper clarifies the link between the factors and the different roles played by the LSPs.

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Wu, Hsu-Che, Ya-Han Hu, and Yen-Hao Huang. "Two-stage credit rating prediction using machine learning techniques." Kybernetes 43, no. 7 (July 29, 2014): 1098–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2013-0218.

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Purpose – Credit ratings have become one of the primary references for financial institutions to assess credit risk. Conventional credit rating approaches mainly concentrated on two-class classification (i.e. good or bad credit), which lacks adequate precision to perform credit risk evaluations in practice. In addition, most of previous researches directly focussed on employing various data mining techniques, but rare studies discussed the influence of data preprocessing before classifier construction. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study considers nine-class classification (i.e. nine credit risk level) to credit rating prediction. For the development of more accurate classifiers, the paper adopts two-stage analysis, which integrates multiple data preprocessing and supervised learning techniques. Specifically, the first stage applies feature selection, data clustering, and data resampling methods to preprocess the data, and then the second stage utilizes several classification techniques and classifier ensembles to construct prediction models. Findings – The results show that Bagging-DT with data resampling method achieves excellent accuracy (82.96 percent), indicating that the proposed two-stage prediction model is better than conventional one-stage models. Originality/value – Practical implication of this study can lower credit rating expenses and also allow corporations to gain credit rating information instantly.

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Zhang, Yi, and Jinwu Gao. "Retailer’s Operational Decision Based on EOQ Model with Upstream Flexible Two-Part Trade Credit and Downstream Partial Trade Credit." Journal of Uncertain Systems 14, no. 01 (March 2021): 2150006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1752890921500069.

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Flexible two-part trade credit is widely used in supply chain, however, there is scant research about inventory management engaged in flexible two-part trade credit strategy. This paper bridges this gap and studies a new two-level trade credit based on an EOQ model in which the supplier provides flexible two-part trade credit to the retailer and the retailer provides partial trade credit to its customer. We adopt a convex optimization method to obtain retailer’s optimal operational decision (i.e., the optimal ordering cycle, the optimal fraction of purchase cost that paid in advance, and the optimal credit period for its downstream customer). Moreover, we design a numerical algorithm to solve this model computationally. We find that: (1) the retailer is not sensitive to small cash discount provided by the supplier; (2) the length of credit period in flexible two-part trade credit strategy will affect the customer and retailer: the shorter one influences the retailer’s behavior, but not the customer’s; the longer one influences the customer’s behavior, but not the retailer’s; (3) the retailer can control its risk through partial trade credit.

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Mishra, Umakanta, Abu Hashan Md Mashud, Ming-Lang Tseng, and Jei-Zheng Wu. "Optimizing a Sustainable Supply Chain Inventory Model for Controllable Deterioration and Emission Rates in a Greenhouse Farm." Mathematics 9, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9050495.

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This study investigated how greenhouse managers should invest in preservation and green technologies and introduce trade credit to increase their profits. We propose a supply chain inventory model with controllable deterioration and emission rates under payment schemes for shortage and surplus, where demand depends on price and trade credit. Carbon emissions and deterioration are factors affecting global warming, and many greenhouse managers have focused on reducing carbon emissions. Carbon caps and tax-based incentives have been used in many greenhouses to achieve such reduction. Because of the importance of reducing carbon emissions for developing a green supply chain, various studies have investigated how firms deal with carbon emission constraints. In this continuation, we have used green technology to curb the excessive emissions from the environment or make it clean from CO2. In a seller–buyer relationship, the seller can offer a trade credit period to the buyer to manage stock and stimulate demand. Deterioration may become a challenge for most firms as they are under time constraints control, and preservation technology could help. This study proposes three novel inventory strategies for a sustainable supply chain (full backorder, partial backorder, and no backorder), linking all these important issues. The solution optimizes total annual profit for inventory shortage or surplus. We conducted a numerical study with three examples to evaluate the model’s authenticity and effectiveness and demonstrate the solution technique. The deterioration and emission rates can be included in a trade credit policy to increase greenhouse profits. The results suggest that greenhouse managers could apply the proposed model to manage real-world situations.

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Pramanik, Prasenjit, Sarama Malik Das, and Manas Kumar Maiti. "Note on : Supply chain inventory model for deteriorating items with maximum lifetime and partial trade credit to credit risk customers." Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization 13, no. 5 (2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2018096.

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Kumar Roy, Sankar, Magfura Pervin, and Gerhard Wilhelm Weber. "Imperfection with inspection policy and variable demand under trade-credit: A deteriorating inventory model." Numerical Algebra, Control & Optimization 10, no. 1 (2020): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/naco.2019032.

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Huang, Yung-Fu, and Hung-Fu Huang. "Optimal inventory replenishment policy for the EPQ model under trade credit derived without derivatives." International Journal of Systems Science 39, no. 5 (May 2008): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207720701847299.

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Chung, Kun-Jen, and Pin-Shou Ting. "The inventory model under supplier's partial trade credit policy in a supply chain system." Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization 11, no. 4 (2015): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2015.11.1175.

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Teng, Jinn-Tsair, Chun-Tao Chang, and Maw-Sheng Chern. "Vendor–buyer inventory models with trade credit financing under both non-cooperative and integrated environments." International Journal of Systems Science 43, no. 11 (November 2012): 2050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2011.564322.

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Zhu, Xiu Mei. "Enterprise Operating Funds Management Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1566.

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The accounts receivable can promote sales to improve market share, to revitalize the inventory transfer inventory risk, enhance the competitiveness of the enterprises, accelerate the payment collection, is the important content of financial management, it is also the important measures for the control and reduce the management risk. Accounts receivable is an important link in enterprise management of working capital, in the fierce competition in the market economy, the correct use of credit, it is important to strengthen the management of accounts receivable. This paper analysis the causes of accounts receivable and accounts receivable the problems resulting from poor management, combining with the current economic situation and put forward some countermeasures to strengthen the management of accounts receivable.

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Obermaier, Robert, and Andreas Donhauser. "Disaggregate and aggregate inventory to sales ratios over time: the case of German corporations 1993–2005." Logistics Research 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2009): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12159-009-0014-9.

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Wu, Shwu-Ing, and Yu-Chen Wu. "The influence of enterprisers' green management awareness on green management strategy and organizational performance." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 31, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 455–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-01-2013-0019.

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Purpose – This study applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to examine the awareness of green management among executives in the Top 5000 corporations (as listed in the China Credit Information Service (CCIS)). Perceived risk, perceived benefit, justice, moral obligation, control force, and control beliefs were considered antecedents to the three components of the TPB (attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control, PBC). The correlation between intention and implementation of green management strategies was examined, as was the combined influence of these two factors on organizational performance. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – 333 valid questionnaires were returned from a sample of the Top 5000 corporations listed in the CCIS. Structural equation modelling was used to verify the causal relationship amongst the green management variables and performance perspectives. Findings – The results indicate that perceived risk and perceived benefit have a strong correspondence to the expressed attitudes related to green management strategies; justice and moral obligation are correlated with the subjective norm; control force and control belief are correlated with perceived behavior control (PBC). Working in conjunction, the three components of the TPB exert a strong influence on the intentions of managers and their likelihood of implementing green management strategies. These factors further affect organizational performance. Practical implications – When corporations in the service industry are compared with those in the manufacturing industry, the following five paths show significant differences: control force to PBC, control belief to PBC, attitude to strategic intention, subjective norm to strategic intention, and PBC to strategic intention. These results demonstrate that different industry clusters may lead to different path strengths as a corporation adopts green management strategies. Originality/value – This study used the TPB to explore green management adoption and was able to clarify the relationship between green management strategies and organizational performance. It is hoped that this study might provide academic as well as practical value.

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Kostis, Pantelis C. "Increased Uncertainty, Credit Supply, and Non-Performing Loans in the Eurozone." Journal of Business Accounting and Finance Perspectives 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/jbafp2010007.

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This paper examines the role of economic uncertainty in the Eurozone countries by analyzing the credit supply and the evolution of non-performing loans following the 2008 global financial crisis. The discussion centers on how greater economic uncertainty restricts credit supply and increases the number of non-performing loans. Quarterly data for the Eurozone countries are studied for the period 2005 to 2016. To test the aforementioned hypothesis, an index of economic uncertainty for the Eurozone countries is calculated. Panel data analysis is performed using fixed effects estimation. This approach allows for individual heterogeneity, with different intercepts across countries and quarterly time dummies to control for time-specific effects that are common to all countries in the sample. The primary conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) When economic uncertainty increases, total gross loans decrease, and the number of non-performing loans increases. (2) When uncertainty increases, loans to deposit-takers, other domestic sectors, and general government decrease, while loans to financial corporations increase as a means of supporting the financial sector. (3) The most vulnerable Eurozone economies play a prominent role in these overall effects. In these economies, the effects of the recent global financial crisis are most pronounced, with uncertainty increasing significantly over the study period.

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Teng, Jinn-Tsair, and S. K. Goyal. "Comment on ‘Optimal inventory replenishment policy for the EPQ model under trade credit derived without derivatives’." International Journal of Systems Science 40, no. 10 (October 2009): 1095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207720902974660.

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Olsevich, Yu. "Psychological Aspects of the Current Economic Crisis." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 3 (March 20, 2009): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-3-39-53.

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In this article the formation of new «market psychology» in the conditions of pyramidal globalization and liberalization, as a general precondition of the current crisis, is considered. Basic elements of this psychology - shift of US households from saving up behavior to credit-dependent consumption, transition of large American corporations under the control of financial hawks, creation of the system of global capital inflow to the USA. On this basis a quasi-keynesian model of unstable equilibrium at the stage of growth generated by external credits is put forward. The conclusion is made that psychological disbalance of ruling elites of the USA, on the one hand, and Western Europe and Japan - on another interferes with maintaining global economy stability.

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McMaster, May, Charlie Nettleton, Christeen Tom, Belanda Xu, Cheng Cao, and Ping Qiao. "Risk Management: Rethinking Fashion Supply Chain Management for Multinational Corporations in Light of the COVID-19 Outbreak." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13080173.

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Through an international business risk management lens, the widespread and catalytic implications of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on the supply chains (SCs) of fashion multinational corporations (MNC) are analyzed to contribute to existing research on supply chain management (SCM). While a movement towards agile, networked supply chain models had been in consideration for many firms prior to the outbreak, the pandemic highlights issues inherent in supply chains that employ concentrated production. We examined the current state of fashion supply chains, risks that have arisen historically and recently, and existing risk mitigation methods. We found that while lean supply chain management is primarily favored for its cost and waste reduction advantages, the structure is limited by the lack of supply chain transparency that results as well as the increasing demand volatility observed even before the COVID-19 outbreak. Although this problem might exist in the agile supply chain, agile supply chains combat this by focusing on enhancing communication and buyer-supplier relationships to improve information exchange. However, this structure also entails an associated increase in inventory and inventory costs. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused supply and demand disruptions which have resonating effects on supply chain activities and management, indicating a need to build flexibility to mitigate epidemic and demand risks. To address this, several strategies that firms can adopt to control for such risks are outlined and key areas for further research are identified which consider parties both upstream and downstream of the fashion supply chain.

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Tripathi, R. P., D. Singh, and Surbhi Aneja. "Inventory control model using discounted cash flow approach under multiple suppliers' trade credit and stock dependent demand for deteriorating items." International Journal of Inventory Research 5, no. 3 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijir.2019.098857.

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Tripathi, R. P., Surbhi Aneja, and D. Singh. "Inventory control model using discounted cash flow approach under multiple suppliers' trade credit and stock dependent demand for deteriorating items." International Journal of Inventory Research 5, no. 3 (2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijir.2019.10020336.

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Hidayat, Kholid, Arles P. Ompusunggu, and H. Suratno H. Suratno. "PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK DENGAN INSENTIF PAJAK SEBAGAI PEMODERASI (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI)." JIAFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi) 2, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34204/jiafe.v2i2.543.

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This study is aimed to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to tax aggresiveness with tax incentive as a moderator. The study population used was the mining companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange with sample consisted of 34 companies which were obtained by purposive sampling method between 2011 and 2015. This study used CSR (as independent variable), tax aggressiveness (as dependent variable) and tax incentive (as moderating variable). To control the effect of CSR to tax aggressiveness, this study used variable controls namely leverage, size, Return On Assets (ROA), capital intensity and inventory intensity. While dependent variable, tax aggressiveness, was measured by using a proxy: Effective Tax Rate (ETR). CSR has been carried out by using Corporate Social Responsibility Index (CSRI) and data analysis technique has been done by using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). In addition the data was processed by using SPSS 22. The result showed that CSR has negative influence to tax agressiveness. The higher the level of corporations CSR disclosure, the lower is the level of tax aggressiveness.Tax incentives was proven and capable to strenghthen the relation between CSR and tax aggressivenes. CSR simultantly tested with the control variables showed similar result. It has negative influence.The higher the level of corporations CSR disclosure, the lower is the level of tax aggressiveness.Keywords: CSR, Tax Aggressivenes, Tax Incentives

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Pervin, Magfura, Sankar Kumar Roy, and Gerhard Wilhelm Weber. "Multi-item deteriorating two-echelon inventory model with price- and stock-dependent demand: A trade-credit policy." Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization 13, no. 5 (2017): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2018098.

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Young, Kevin A., Tarun Banerjee, and Michael Schwartz. "Capital Strikes as a Corporate Political Strategy: The Structural Power of Business in the Obama Era." Politics & Society 46, no. 1 (January 27, 2018): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329218755751.

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The importance of overt levers of business political influence, notably campaign donations and lobbying, has been overemphasized. Using executive branch policymaking during the Obama administration as a case study, this article shows that those paths of influence are often not the most important. It places special emphasis on the structural power that large banks and corporations wield by virtue of their control over the flow of capital and the consequent effects on employment levels, credit availability, prices, and tax collection. At times, business disinvestment, combined with demands for government policy reforms, constitutes a conscious “capital strike,” which has the potential to shape political appointments, legislation, and policy implementation. At other times, the threat of disinvestment, the hint of a drop in “business confidence,” or rhetoric about job creation is sufficient to achieve those objectives. The present analysis has important implications for our understanding of political power and social change in capitalist economies.

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Lashgari, Mohsen, Ata Allah Taleizadeh, and Shib Sankar Sana. "An inventory control problem for deteriorating items with back-ordering and financial considerations under two levels of trade credit linked to order quantity." Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization 12, no. 3 (September 2015): 1091–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/jimo.2016.12.1091.

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Shuangshuang, Li. "Developing measures to improve the performance of transnational corporations in the context of a pandemic." Transbaikal State University Journal 26, no. 8 (2020): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2020-26-8-122-128.

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This article presents the conditions of transnational corporations’ activity in the period of aggravated situation associated with coronavirus infection. The activities of large multinational companies in such industries as digital electronics (“Apple”, “Intel”, “Qualcomm”), automotive (“General Motors”, “Ford”, “Toyota”), air transportation (“American Airlines”, “Delta Air Lines”, “United Airlines”, “Lufthansa” and “British Airways”) are revealed. A list of measures that contribute to a painless way out of the crisis for multinational companies is presented. It is proposed to create agencies based on a multinational company to make decisions in emergency situations, which should contribute to earlier detection of threats and quickly make the right management decisions. The role of potential risk assessment and implementation of emergency response mechanisms is described. There is a need to create a positive and active mechanism for exchanging information for employees, customers and suppliers, as well as the formation of standard communication documents. The importance of maintaining the physical and psychological health of employees and the need to analyze the nature of jobs for the adoption of appropriate recovery plans is determined. The article presents the importance for multinational companies in establishing plans to respond to supply chain risks. This will make it possible to manage inventory more effectively in the short term in the context of reduced consumption. It is proposed to pay special attention to solutions for identifying risks related to productivity and maintaining customer relationships caused by the inability to resume production in the short term. It is stated that multinational companies should create or modernize mechanisms for systematic risk management and control, identify the main risks in advance and develop plans to respond to them

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Su, Chia-Hsien. "An Integrated Supplier-Buyer Inventory Model with Conditionally Free Shipment under Permissible Delay in Payments." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2010 (2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/594246.

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It is well known that production, distribution, marketing, inventory control, and financing all/each have a positive impact on the performance of a supply chain. Despite the growing interest in the development of integrated inventory models, the interactions between these elements of a supply chain may not be efficiently included, resulting in a restricted supply chain model presentation. To incorporate this phenomenon, a mathematical model that tackles the interdependent relationships between these aforementioned elements is developed in this paper. This study considers the determination of the optimal pricing, ordering, and delivery policies of a profit-maximizing supply chain system, faced with (1) unit wholesale price of the supplier is set based on unit production cost, (2) unit production cost is taken as a function of demand rate and production rate, (3) the supplier's production rate is adjusted according to market demand, (4) market demand depends upon buyer's selling price, (5) a free freight is offered if the buyer's order exceeds a certain minimum requirement, and (6) a constant credit period is offered by the supplier to stimulate the demand of the buyer. Algorithm for computing the optimal policies is derived. The sensitivity of the optimal results with respect to those parameters which directly influence the production and transportation costs is also examined.

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Pramanik, Prasenjit, and Manas Kumar Maiti. "An inventory model for deteriorating items with inflation induced variable demand under two level partial trade credit : A hybrid ABC-GA approach." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 85 (October 2019): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2019.06.013.

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Refeat, R. M., and H. K. Louis. "Impact of control rod insertion during burnup on PWR fuel assembly isotopic composition." Kerntechnik 86, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2019-0079.

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Abstract Criticality analysis of spent fuel assumes that the fuel material is unburned which means that it is in its most reactive condition. In fact, this is not the real situation for fuel as it is burned during reactor operation causing reduction in the reactivity. Considering the reduction in reactivity during spent fuel calculations is the Burn-up Credit concept (BUC). In addition, the control rods radial and axial positions have an effect on the reactivity which can be considered in the criticality safety analysis. This paper studies the effect of burnup and control rods (CRs) movement on reactivity and isotopes inventory. Calculations are carried out in two phases, first kinf is calculated for different burnup profiles with control rods are either fully withdrawn or fully inserted. In the second phase keff is calculated for different control rods insertion levels. For both phases, burnup calculations are performed for a UO2 assembly then multiplication factor calculations of burned UO2 assemblies in cold state are done. The burnup calculations are performed using MCNP6 code and ENDF/B-VII library for different burnup levels up to 45 GWd/tU. The results obtained can be taken in consideration in criticality safety analysis performed for the spent fuel to improve the economic efficiency for manufacture, storage and transportation of fissile materials.

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Vandana, S. R. Singh, Dharmendra Yadav, Biswajit Sarkar, and Mitali Sarkar. "Impact of Energy and Carbon Emission of a Supply Chain Management with Two-Level Trade-Credit Policy." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061569.

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Supply chain management aims to integrate environmental thinking with efficient energy consumption into supply chain management. It includes a flexible manufacturing process, more product delivery to customers, optimum energy consumption, and reduced waste. The manufacturing process can be made more flexible through volume agility. In this scenario, production cannot be constant, and with the concept of volume agility, production is taken as a decision variable under the effect of optimum energy consumption. Considering a two-echelon supply chain, we consider a producer and supplier with two-level-trade-credit policies (TLTCP) with the optimum consumption. To reduce the integrated total inventory cost, we believe that demand is a function of the credit period and selling price. The cost function is analyzed, either with the credit period dependent demand rate or with the selling price dependent demand rate through the numerical examples under energy costs. Energy and carbon emission costs are introduced in setup/ordering cost, holding cost, and item cost for producer and supplier. The effect of inflation on the total cost cannot be ignored; this model is being developed for deteriorating items with the simultaneous impact of volume agility, energy, carbon emission cost, and two-level-trade-credit policies with inflation. This supply chain model was solved analytically and obtained the optimum decision variables in a quasi-closed form solution. An illustrative theorem is being utilized to analyze the optimum result for all the decision parameters. The convexity of the objective function is being obtained analytically as well as graphically. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are employed to illustrate the present study and with managerial insights.

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Paharia, Neeru. "Who Receives Credit or Blame? The Effects of Made-to-Order Production on Responses to Unethical and Ethical Company Production Practices." Journal of Marketing 84, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919887161.

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While prior research has found that consumer-influenced production improves purchase intentions, the author proposes that it can counterintuitively backfire. This work demonstrates that when consumers have some control over production (e.g., ordering products on demand, customization, preordering), they have lower purchase intentions for products made with unethical processes (e.g., pollution, underpaid labor) than if they had no role in production (i.e., buying what is already in inventory). This effect reverses, however, with positive ethical production (e.g., recycled materials). Because consumers have direct responsibility for whether a product is made, feelings of anticipated guilt or gratification result depending on the ethicality of the production process. This work also proposes a novel threefold conceptualization of responsibility that can be used as managerial levers: direct responsibility, diffusion of responsibility, and broad responsibility. Field studies using Facebook’s advertising platform demonstrate positioning strategies for fair-trade brands and advocacy groups.

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Carbone, Pedro Paulo, Tito Belchior Silva Moreira, and Osvaldo Candido. "Assessing the Human Capital Emergence, Performance and Effectiveness in a Brazilian Retail Bank." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 12 (November 13, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n12p134.

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To assess the human capital (HC) effectiveness on the operational results of a major Brazilian retail bank (Bank), a HC inventory of the Bank’s employees with information on 25 attributes of HC and six operational performance measures of the Bank in the period of 2006-2008 is used. Thus, this study relies on proven information of all the Bank’s staff and not on surveys as often used in the literature. The empirical results show that the effectiveness of the HC is related to the establishment of an optimal construct of HC attributes and to the improvement of specific skills. Furthermore, the turnover has a negative impact in maintaining high HC employees into the branches with negative effects on the credit control process and the Bank’s profitability. Lastly, the staff size into the branches as well as the economic conditions surrounding them play also an important role for the HC effectiveness.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Inventory control. Corporations Credit'

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