Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inverses généralisées'
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Konzou, Essomanda. "Lois gaussiennes inverses (généralisées), lois de Kummer et méthode de Stein." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0147.
Full textIn this thesis, we make a contribution to the study of the properties of the generalized inverse Gaussian and Kummer distributions in the context of Stein's method. This is to contribute to establishing the mathematical tools necessary for the application of Stein's method to the case where the target law is one of the two aforementioned laws, on the one hand, and to applying Stein's method to give a bound of the rate of convergence in some limit theorems involving these two laws, on the other hand. We retrieve the Stein operator of each of these two laws, solve the corresponding differential equation and bound the solution obtained as well as its successive derivatives (for the derivatives, the bound is not always explicit but is established by an iterative technique). The techniques used to obtain the bounds of the solution and of its derivatives are essentially based on the fact that these two laws belong to the family of probability laws whose density g satisfies the differential equation (s(x)g(x))^'=τ(x)g(x) where s and τ are polynomial functions satisfying certain conditions. By Stein's method, we establish a bound for the rate of convergence of the generalized inverse Gaussian and Kummer distributions to the gamma distribution, of the generalized hyperbolic distribution to the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution and a sequence of random variables to the reciprocal inverse Gaussian distribution. Our approach in estimating these rate of convergence by Stein's method is essentially based on the fact that the law of the sequence of random variables considered and the limit law are involved in a convolution relation
Sahili, Jihad. "Mise en œuvre numérique des applications des inverses généralisées en calcul des structures." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS029.
Full textThe computation of the generalized inverse of mechanical structures requires actually systems with high performances, which must meet the needs of the requirements in numerical methods of calculation. These kinds of applications lead to the resolution of the large sparse linear systems. In this work, we have aimed to solve problems discretized by finite elements 1D, 2D and 3D, for which the size of the resulting matrix is strongly related to the degree of refinement of grid, and can reach a very large size. The calculation of the generalized inverse made necessary the use as well of the optimal formulas of calculation of S as the use of the sparse solvers for the linear systems. These solvers increasingly essential in many other applications must fulfill the requirements of performances, in particular computing the time, the size memory brought into play as well as the precision of the results obtained. The work concerns three different numerical techniques: direct, iterative and parallel. In each one of these three techniques, we dealt with the problem with average optimization suitable for the characteristics of our problem by comparing these various numerical techniques
Regnier, Rémi. "Approche de reconstruction d’images fondée sur l’inversion de certaines transformations de Radon généralisées." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0698/document.
Full textSince the invention of radiography at the beginning of the 20th century and of the radar during the 2nd world war, the need of information on our environment is ever increasing. This goes from the exploration of internal structures using non-invasive numerous imaging techniques to satellite imaging which rapidly expands with space exploration. A huge number of imaging systems have been conceived to provide faithful images of the objects of interest. Computed Tomography (or the medical scanner) has experienced a tremendous success since it was invented. The reason for this success lies in the fact that its mathematical foundation is the Radon transform (RT), which has an inverse formula allowing the faithful reconstruction of the interior of an object.The Radon transform is a geometric integral transform which integrates a physical density of interest along a straight line in the plane. It is natural to expect that, when the line is replaced by a curve or a surface as an integration support, new imaging processes may emerge. In this thesis, we study two generalized Radon transforms which are defined on broken lines in the form of a letter V (called V-line RT or VRT) and on spheres centered on a fixed plane (called spherical RT or SRT), as well as their resulting imaging processes.The Radon transforms on V-lines (VRT) form the mathematical foundation of three tomographic modalities. The first modality exploits not only the attenuation of X-rays in traversed matter (as in Computed Tomography) but also the phenomenon of reflection on an impenetrable surface. The second modality makes use of Compton scattering for emission imaging. The third modality combines transmission and emission imaging modalities into a bimodal imaging system from scattered ionizing radiation. This study puts forward new imaging systems which compete with the existing ones and develops new algorithms for attenuation corrections (in emission imaging the attenuation is one of factors degrading seriously tomographic image quality up to now).The Radon transform on spheres centered on a fixed plane (SRT) is a generalization of the classical Radon transform in three dimensions. It has been proposed as a mathematical model for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. We show through the setting up of appropriate algorithms that the inversion of the SRT yields an efficient solution to the landscape reconstruction problem, directly in three dimensions.The theoretical feasibility of these new imaging systems based on generalized Radon transforms and the good performance of inversion algorithms based on inversion formulas open the way to several perspectives: 3D extension of bimodal imaging by scattered radiation or SAR target motion detection through the introduction of other generalized Radon transforms. Moreover the algorithmic methods developed here may serve in other imaging activities such as: seismics with the parabolic Radon transform, Doppler radar with the hyperbolic Radon transform, thermo-opto-acoustic imaging with the Radon transform on circles centered on a fixed circle
Fischer, Yannick. "Approximation dans des classes de fonctions analytiques généralisées et résolution de problèmes inverses pour les tokamaks." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643239.
Full textBerkoune, Karima. "Approche mathématique pour la modulation de largeur d'impulsion pour la conversion statique de l'énergie électrique : application aux onduleurs multiniveaux." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30310/document.
Full textThe power electronic converters are increasingly exploited in particular in applications requiring variable speed machines. The use of more effcient and more powerful components coupled with new multilevel structures widens the fields of application and allows high efficiency functioning. These converters are able to manage, with a suitable control, the energy transfer between different sources and different receivers depending on the used converter family. In the control interface, a particular pattern is used to generate control signais for the switches, it is the modulation. Generally, the modulation strategy takes two forms : a Modulation based on comparaison modulating - caiTier (Carrier based Pulse Width Modulation, (CPWM)) or a Vector Modulation (SVM). The purpose of the PWM is to generate a signal which has a mean value as nearest as possible to the desired sinusoidal signal. The usual control by PWM, in the case of multi-level architectures, requires as many triangular carriers as there are cells to be controlled within an arm. The modulation strategy selection for each multilevel topology is based on optimizing criterias related to the quality of the produced waveforms after the conversion. The choice of the variable to implement in the PWM scheme requires expertise of the experimenter and refers little to the initial mathematical model that can be established to characterize the operation of the power electronics architecture. Concerning the vector strategies SVM, the lack of a compatible model with PWM inverters is observed. The three-phase inverters with two or N voltage levels can be modeled in the form of equations of a compatible linear system that is written as V= f(a) in the case of a sinusoïdal PWM and V= f(1) in the case of SVM, with V represents phase voltages, ais a duty cycle and fthe switching instants. In this basic configuration, it is found that the matrix linking these voltages duty cycles (or switching times) adrnits no inverse, which means that it is not possible with the usuallinear functions theories to solve this system in order to express the duty ratios (or the instants of switching) as a function of the reference voltages. This is the reason that today a number of practical implementations of modulation is done after experimental analysis of the consequences of strategy choices on the variables of interest. This study proposes the development of a generic formulation for the modeling of voltage inverters and especially multilevel inverters. The development of generic models for the implementation of modulation strategies is illustrated. The extension of the average model to the three-phase systems is performed to the usual structures of N levels such as the floating capacity and H bridge inverters. The idea is to generalize the model to the multi-level architectures, whether by the sinusoidal PWM modulation expressing the alpha as an output variable, or by the SVM expressing tau. This thesis aims to define a modeling approach and mathematically express the set of solutions in order to generate modulation strategies for various architectures of inverters studied. This will be done using a tool for solving linear systems. This resolution is based on finding degrees of freedom, to be identified at first, then express them in a second step by establishing the link with the criteria to optimize for given architectures. Two examples of application have been implemented on conventional two levels of voltage inverters and the thtree levels flying capacitor voltage inverter
Chaulet, Nicolas. "Modèles d'impédance généralisée en diffraction inverse." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00761642.
Full textBoutry, Grégory. "Contributions à l'approximation et à l'algèbre linéaire numérique." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-301.pdf.
Full textTechené, Jean-Jacques. "Logique des moindres-carrés et inférence statistique." Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3011.
Full textBurnier-Mennessier, Catherine. "Identification en imagerie doppler : liens avec la transformée de Randon généralisée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686829.
Full textBen, Elechi Slim. "Analyse et conception rapides de paramètres du procédé d'emboutissage pour le contrôle du retour élastique." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1538.
Full textThe inverse approach is an original method developed at UTC since 1990. Ln this study we introduce a new modification to the method called "Itnproved Inverse Approach" (lIA). This new approach has showen to be very efficient for the evaluation of stress distribution in the zone between the blank and the die wich has a great effect on the springback results. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the fast springback simulation after the removal of tools at the end of the stamping process. A coupling of our numerical simulation between a deep drawing software code called REFORM based on the lIA, with an incremental code called REFLEX based on the Updated Lagrangian Formulation for the fast and automatic simulation of the springback. The last p. Art of our work is dedicated to the optimization of the deep drawing process parameters in order to reduce the springback after the removal of tools at the end of forming
Arhab, Slimane. "Profilométrie optique par méthodes inverses de diffraction électromagnétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4321/document.
Full textOptical profilometry is a nondestructive and fast noncontact surface metrology technique. In this thesis, we have tackled this issue with inverse scattering electromagnetic methods and in an Optical Digital Tomographic Microscopy (ODTM) configuration. The surface is probed with illuminations under several incidence angles; the measure of far scattered field amplitude and phase constitutes the problem data. Surface profiles have been reconstructed using different scattering models among which an approximate theory based on single scattering and paraxiality. The lateral resolution of this technique and classical profilometric approaches is limited by the so-called Abbe-Rayleigh's criterion defined out of the numerical aperture for illumination and field detection. In order to overpass this resolution limit, we have developed a regularized iterative Newton-Kantorovitch's method. The scattering operator is rigorously modelized with the method of moments, that is a numerical solution of boundary integral equations, and its Fréchet derivative adjoint states expression is deduced from the reciprocity theorem. For one-dimensional metallic surfaces, our method succeeds in inverting from synthetic data very rough surfaces with the resolutions beyond the Abbe-Rayleigh's criterion. The performance of this technique and inversion conditions clearly differ from one polarization to the other : in the TM case, interactions at longer distance than in the TE case improve yet the resolution. This work includes also an experimental validation of our inverse model on grooves in indium phosphure substrate at 633 nm
Djatouti, Zohra. "Amélioration de la prédiction de quantités d'intérêt par modélisation inverse : application à la thermique du bâtiment." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2006.
Full textThis work introduces an original inverse strategy for model parameter identification that can be used for onsite building characterization in view of energy performance assessment and as a tool of decision-making during energy retrofitting of existing buildings. Unlike the standard global inverse approaches such as Tikhonov regularization method that aim at identifying all the model parameters in order to best fit the measurement data, the goal-oriented inverse method is formulated for a robust prediction of a quantity of interest. Thus, it only updates the model parameters that most affect the computation of the sought quantity of interest. In order to optimize the computation time, the goal-oriented inverse method is combined with the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) model order reduction method. The proposed identification strategy is applied to two existing buildings part of the equipment “Sense-City” that were instrumented for this purpose. The results show that the goal-oriented inverse method robustly predicts the sought quantities of interest by only updating the model parameters to which they are sensitive and it converges faster than the Tikhonov regularization method. Finally, the proposed inverse strategy can be applied to occupied buildings and extended to the district scale. It can also be used for the optimal placement of sensors
Bousse, Alexandre. "Problèmes inverses, application à la reconstruction compensée en mouvement en angiographie rotationnelle X." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361396.
Full textUne fois le mouvement estimé, la reconstruction tomographique à un instant de référence est effectuée par une optimisation aux moindres-carrés qui inclut le mouvement ainsi qu'un terme de pénalité qui favorise les valeurs d'intensités fortes pour les voxels au voisinage de la ligne centrale 3-D, et les faibles valeurs pour les autres. Cette méthode a été testée sur des données simulées basées sur des lignes centrales 3-D préalablement extraites de données MSCT.
Schaeffer, Eric. "Modèles régularisés locaux pour l'analyse de scènes dynamiques : application au traitement d'images et à la mécanique des fluides." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ESAE0017.
Full textArchid, Atika. "Méthodes par blocs adaptées aux matrices structurées et au calcul du pseudo-inverse." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0394/document.
Full textWe study, in this thesis, some numerical block Krylov subspace methods. These methods preserve geometric properties of the reduced matrix (Hamiltonian or skew-Hamiltonian or symplectic). Among these methods, we interest on block symplectic Arnoldi, namely block J-Arnoldi algorithm. Our main goal is to study this method, theoretically and numerically, on using ℝ²nx²s as free module on (ℝ²sx²s, +, x) with s ≪ n the size of block. A second aim is to study the approximation of exp (A)V, where A is a real Hamiltonian and skew-symmetric matrix of size 2n x 2n and V a rectangular matrix of size 2n x 2s on block Krylov subspace Km (A, V) = blockspan {V, AV,...Am-1V}, that preserve the structure of the initial matrix. this approximation is required in many applications. For example, this approximation is important for solving systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or time-dependant partial differential equations (PDEs). We also present a block symplectic structure preserving Lanczos method, namely block J-Lanczos algorithm. Our approach is based on a block J-tridiagonalization procedure of a structured matrix. We propose algorithms based on two normalization methods : the SR factorization and the Rj R factorization. In the last part, we proposea generalized algorithm of Greville method for iteratively computing the Moore-Penrose inverse of a rectangular real matrix. our purpose is to give a block version of Greville's method. All methods are completed by many numerical examples
Saaidia, Noureddine. "Sur les familles des lois de fonction de hasard unimodale : applications en fiabilité et analyse de survie." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14794/document.
Full textIn reliability and survival analysis, distributions that have a unimodalor $\cap-$shape hazard rate function are not too many, they include: the inverse Gaussian,log-normal, log-logistic, Birnbaum-Saunders, exponential Weibull and power generalized Weibulldistributions. In this thesis, we develop the modified Chi-squared tests for these distributions,and we give a comparative study between the inverse Gaussian distribution and the otherdistributions, then we realize simulations. We also construct the AFT model based on the inverseGaussian distribution and redundant systems based on distributions having a unimodal hazard ratefunction
Valéry, Pascale. "Simulation-based inference and nonlinear canonical analysis in financial econometrics." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/181.
Full textMennessier, Catherine. "Identification en imagerie Doppler : liens avec la transformée de radon généralisée." Phd thesis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686829.
Full textZombré, David. "La gratuité des soins associée à l’amélioration de la qualité des soins est-elle efficace pour maintenir l’utilisation des services à long terme et améliorer la santé infantile au Burkina Faso ?" Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22580.
Full textIntroduction: Improving financial access to health care is believed to be essential for reducing the burden of child morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings, but the available evidence on the relationship between increased access and health remains scarce and the long-term issues are still unknown. In the specific context of the Sahel region in Burkina Faso where high levels of morbidity and malnutrition coincide with low health care use, a pilot intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was implemented in September 2008. Objectives: Using statistical and epidemiological approaches applied to cross-sectional and time series data, this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of how the presence of intervention in communities can increase and maintain long-term use of health services and improve the health of children under five years. The specific objectives are: 1) to evaluate the long-term effects of the intervention on the use of health services in children under the age of five, 2) to estimate the contextual effect of intervention on the probability of occurrence of and the likelihood of health services being used by children under five, four years after the start of its implementation, and 3) to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on stunting in children under five, four years after the start of its implementation. Methods: The data for the analyses were provided from a variety of sources including the national health information system, a retrospective health services survey, and a household survey conducted four years after the intervention onset in 41 villages in the intervention district and 51 villages in the comparison district. We used a quasi-experimental controlled interrupted time-series design group to analyze the immediate and long-term effects of the intervention on the rate of health services utilization in children under five. Then, a quasi-experimental post-test-only design that included a control group allowed us to evaluate the contextual effect of the intervention on the probability of occurrence of a disease, on the probability of use of health services, and stunting in children under five. The analytic strategy combined the propensity score weighting method to balance the covariates between the two groups, two-level mixed-effects negative binomial, and linear and logistic regression models to account for the hierarchical structure of data. Results: The intervention for free health care including quality of care improvement and management of malnutrition at the community level was associated with an increased and maintained use of health services beyond four years after the onset of intervention (incidence rate ratio = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.98–2.67). In addition, compared to children living in the comparison district, the probability of using health services was 17.2% higher among those living in the intervention district (95% CI = 15.0–26.6); and 20.7% higher when the illness episode was severe (95% CI = 9.9–31.5). These associations were significant regardless of the distance to health centers and the socio-economic status of households. In addition, inequalities in the use of care were less pronounced in the intervention villages compared to those in the control village. Finally, the results also showed that the residence context accounted for 9.36% of the variance in stunting (intra-class correlation = 9.36% ; 95% CI = 6.45–13.38), and only 2% of the variance in stunting was explained by the intervention. However, we could not demonstrate that the intervention in these communities was associated with a reduced probability of an illness occurring (AME=4.4 (95% CI: -1.0 – 9.8), nor with a significant improvement in the nutritional status among children under five (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.83–1.54). Conclusion: This thesis underlines the importance that affordable health care, including quality of care, as well as improving the management of malnutrition at the community level, are effective in increasing and maintaining the use of health services and reduce geographical inequalities in the use of care. However, this intervention was not associated with improved child health outcomes. Although rigorous longitudinal studies are necessary to fully understand the potential influence of this intervention on morbidity, this thesis highlights the need to simultaneously act on other social determinants of health and to synergistically integrate nutrition-specific interventions for greater impact on child health.